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Izosimova AV, Shabalkina AV, Myshkin MY, Shurganova EV, Myalik DS, Ryzhichenko EO, Samitova AF, Barsova EV, Shagina IA, Britanova OV, Yuzhakova DV, Sharonov GV. Local Enrichment with Convergence of Enriched T-Cell Clones Are Hallmarks of Effective Peptide Vaccination against B16 Melanoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:345. [PMID: 38675728 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some peptide anticancer vaccines elicit a strong T-cell memory response but fail to suppress tumor growth. To gain insight into tumor resistance, we compared two peptide vaccines, p20 and p30, against B16 melanoma, with both exhibiting good in vitro T-cell responses but different tumor suppression abilities. METHODS We compared activation markers and repertoires of T-lymphocytes from tumor-draining (dLN) and non-draining (ndLN) lymph nodes for the two peptide vaccines. RESULTS We showed that the p30 vaccine had better tumor control as opposed to p20. p20 vaccine induced better in vitro T-cell responsiveness but failed to suppress tumor growth. Efficient antitumor vaccination is associated with a higher clonality of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) in dLNs compared with ndLNs and the convergence of most of the enriched clones. With the inefficient p20 vaccine, the most expanded and converged were clones of the bystander T-cells without an LN preference. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that the clonality and convergence of the T-cell response are the hallmarks of efficient antitumor vaccination. The high individual and methodological dependencies of these parameters can be avoided by comparing dLNs and ndLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vyacheslavovna Izosimova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Alexandra Valerievna Shabalkina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yurevich Myshkin
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Viktorovna Shurganova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Daria Sergeevna Myalik
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Pathoanatomical Department, Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Cancer Hospital, Nizhny Novgorod 603126, Russia
| | | | - Alina Faritovna Samitova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vladimirovna Barsova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina Aleksandrovna Shagina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Vladimirovna Britanova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Diana Vladimirovna Yuzhakova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - George Vladimirovich Sharonov
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Li J, Xiao Z, Wang D, Jia L, Nie S, Zeng X, Hu W. The screening, identification, design and clinical application of tumor-specific neoantigens for TCR-T cells. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:141. [PMID: 37649123 PMCID: PMC10466891 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development of tumor immunotherapies, including adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), cancer vaccines and antibody-based therapies, particularly for solid tumors. With the development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics technology, the rapid identification and prediction of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) has become possible. Compared with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), highly immunogenic TSAs provide new targets for personalized tumor immunotherapy and can be used as prospective indicators for predicting tumor patient survival, prognosis, and immune checkpoint blockade response. Here, the identification and characterization of neoantigens and the clinical application of neoantigen-based TCR-T immunotherapy strategies are summarized, and the current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translational potential of these strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- International Health Medicine Innovation Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cancer Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingda Zeng
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
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Zhou H, Li J, Zhou D, Wu Y, Wang X, Zhou J, Ma Q, Yao X, Ma L. New insights into the germline genes and CDR3 repertoire of the TCRβ chain in Chiroptera. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147859. [PMID: 37051236 PMCID: PMC10083501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBats are recognized as natural reservoirs for many viruses, and their unique immune system enables them to coexist with these viruses without frequently exhibiting disease symptoms. However, the current understanding of the bat adaptive immune system is limited due to the lack of a database or tool capable of processing T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences for bats.MethodsWe performed germline gene annotation in three bat species using homologous genes and RSSs (Recombinational Signal Sequences) scanning method. Then we used the conserved C gene to construct the TCRβ chain receptor library of the Intermediate Horseshoe Bat. Bats' TCRβ data will be analyzed using MiXCR and constructed reference library.ResultsRegarding the annotation results, we found that the Pale Spear-nosed Bat has 37 members in the TRBV12 family, which is more than the total number of TRBV genes in the Greater Horseshoe Bat. The average number of unique TCRβ chain receptor sequences in each Intermediate Horseshoe Bat sample reached 24,904.DiscussionThe distinct variations in the distribution of TRBV genes among the three types of bats could have a direct impact on the diversity of the TCR repertoire, as evidenced by the presence of conserved amino acids that indicate the T-cell recognition of antigens in bats is MHC-restricted. The bats’ TCRβ repertoire is formed through the rearrangement of the V-D-J-C genes, with D-J/V-D deletions and insertions resulting in high diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dewei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xingliang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingqing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Xinsheng Yao, ; Long Ma,
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Xinsheng Yao, ; Long Ma,
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Watkins SL. Current Trends and Changes in Use of Membrane Molecular Dynamics Simulations within Academia and the Pharmaceutical Industry. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:148. [PMID: 36837651 PMCID: PMC9961006 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been an almost exponential increase in the use of molecular dynamics simulations in basic research and industry over the last 5 years, with almost a doubling in the number of publications each year. Many of these are focused on neurological membranes, and biological membranes in general, applied to the medical industry. A smaller portion have utilized membrane simulations to answer more basic questions related to the function of specific proteins, chemicals or biological processes. This review covers some newer studies, alongside studies from the last two decades, to determine changes in the field. Some of these are basic, while others are more profound, such as multi-component embedded membrane machinery. It is clear that many facets of the discipline remain the same, while the focus on and uses of the technology are broadening in scope and utilization as a general research tool. Analysis of recent literature provides an overview of the current methodologies, covers some of the recent trends or advances and tries to make predictions of the overall path membrane molecular dynamics will follow in the coming years. In general, the overview presented is geared towards the general scientific community, who may wish to introduce the use of these methodologies in light of these changes, making molecular dynamic simulations more feasible for general scientific or medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan L Watkins
- Plant Pathology and CRGB, Oregon State University, 2701 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Abstract
Anti-PD-1 therapies can activate tumor-specific T cells to destroy tumors. However, whether and how T cells with different antigen specificity and affinity are differentially regulated by PD-1 remain vaguely understood. Upon antigen stimulation, a variety of genes is induced in T cells. Recently, we found that T cell receptor (TCR) signal strength required for the induction of genes varies across different genes and PD-1 preferentially inhibits the induction of genes that require stronger TCR signal. As each T cell has its own response characteristics, inducibility of genes likely differs across different T cells. Accordingly, the inhibitory effects of PD-1 are also expected to differ across different T cells. In the current study, we investigated whether and how factors that modulate T cell responsiveness to antigenic stimuli influence PD-1 function. By analyzing TCRs with different affinities to peptide-MHC complexes (pMHC) and pMHCs with different affinities to TCR, we demonstrated that PD-1 inhibits the expression of TCR-inducible genes efficiently when TCR:pMHC affinity is low. In contrast, affinities of peptides to MHC and MHC expression levels did not affect PD-1 sensitivity of TCR-inducible genes although they markedly altered the dose responsiveness of T cells by changing the efficiency of pMHC formation, suggesting that the strength of individual TCR signal is the key determinant of PD-1 sensitivity. Accordingly, we observed a preferential expansion of T cells with low-affinity to tumor-antigen in PD-1-deficient mice upon inoculation of tumor cells. These results demonstrate that PD-1 imposes qualitative control of T cell responses by preferentially suppressing low-affinity T cells.
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Sádio F, Stadlmayr G, Stadlbauer K, Gräf M, Scharrer A, Rüker F, Wozniak-Knopp G. Stabilization of soluble high-affinity T-cell receptor with de novo disulfide bonds. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:477-490. [PMID: 31552676 PMCID: PMC7027902 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soluble T‐cell receptors (TCRs) have recently gained visibility as target‐recognition units of anticancer immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we improved the thermal stability of the well‐expressed high‐affinity A6 TCR by introducing pairs of cysteines in the invariable parts of the α‐ and β‐chain. A mutant with a novel intradomain disulfide bond in each chain also tested superior to the wild‐type in the accelerated stability assay. Binding of the mutant to the soluble cognate peptide (cp)–MHC and to the peptide‐loaded T2 cell line was equal to the wild‐type A6 TCR. The same stabilization motif worked efficiently in TCRs with different specificities, such as DMF5 and 1G4. Altogether, the biophysical properties of the soluble TCR molecule could be improved, without affecting its expression level and antigen‐binding specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Sádio
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Stadlmayr
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Stadlbauer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Gräf
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Scharrer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Rüker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gordana Wozniak-Knopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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Yu K, Shi J, Lu D, Yang Q. Comparative analysis of CDR3 regions in paired human αβ CD8 T cells. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1450-1459. [PMID: 31237075 PMCID: PMC6668380 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of human CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes express αβ T-cell receptors that recognize peptide-MHC class I complexes. Considerable attention has been devoted to TCR β repertoires, but study of TCR α chains has been limited. To gain a better understanding of the features of CDR3α and CDR3β in paired samples, we comprehensively analyzed 776 unique paired αβ TCR CDR3 regions in this study. We found that (I) the CDR3 length among paired αβ TCRs had a fairly narrow distribution due to random assortment of CDR3 length in alpha and beta chains; (II) nucleotide deletions among CDR3 regions were positively correlated with insertions in both α and β TCRs; (III) the CDR3 loops of both α and β chains contained an abundance of charged/polar residues and the CDR3 base regions contained a conserved motif; and (IV) the occurrence of Gly was CDR3 length- and position-dependent in both chains, whereas the frequency of Ser at positions 106 and 107 was positively correlated with CDR3 length in TCR β. Overall, the amino acids in CDR3 loop regions were significantly different between TCR α and β, which suggests a distinct role for each chain in the recognition of antigen-MHC complexes. Here, we have provided detailed information on CDR3 in paired TCRs expressed on human CD8+ T cells and established the basis of a reference set for αβ TCR repertoires in healthy humans.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Ji Shi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryTongDe Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of RehabilitationTongDe Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
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Schliffke S, Carambia A, Akyüz N, Thiele B, Herkel J, Binder M. T-cell repertoire profiling by next-generation sequencing reveals tissue migration dynamics of TRBV13-family clonotypes in a common experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:49-56. [PMID: 30933850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model is indispensable for autoimmunity research, but model-specific T cell dynamics are sparsely studied. We used next-generation immunosequencing across lymphoid organs, blood and spinal cord in response to immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) to study T cell repertoires and migration patterns. Surprisingly, most spinal cord T cells were unique to the individual animal despite the existence of shared MBP-specific clones, suggesting a previously underestimated T cell diversity. Almost complete emigration of pathogenic clones from blood to spinal cord indicates that blood is not a suitable compartment to study EAE-mediating T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schliffke
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum / UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonella Carambia
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nuray Akyüz
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum / UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thiele
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum / UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Herkel
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum / UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Wu Z, Zhang H, Jin M, Liang H, Huang Y, Yang R, Gui G, Wang H, Gong S, Wang J, Fan J. Relationship between T-cell receptor beta chain sequences and human cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3898-3904. [PMID: 28440401 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, clonal amplifications of T-cell receptor β variable (TCR BV) linked to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection were detected in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT), and certain relationships between them were identified. Furthermore, the relationship between TCR BV sequences and HCMV infections was investigated. The results indicated that the 3 recipients of HSCT had monoclonal expansion of specific TCR BV clones following HSCT. Among these recipients, 2 suffered from pp65 and immediate early (IE) antigenemia. These patients demonstrated preferential expansion of TCR BV9 (QVRGGTDTQ) and TCR BV11 (VATDFQ). The remaining recipient did not express TCR BV9 and TCR BV11, nor did this individual have pp65 and IE antigenemia. These results suggest that expression of TCR BV9 and TCR BV11 may be associated with HCMV antigenemia, and may be involved in the immune response. The amino acid sequences 'QVRGGTDTQ' and 'VATDFQ' may be involved in HCMV reactivation in patients who have undergone HSCT. Assessment of the TCR BV families may provide valuable insight into HCMV pathogenesis and may aid in the diagnosis and therapy for HSCT recipients infected with HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Min Jin
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hanying Liang
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Genyong Gui
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Gong
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Wang
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- Virology Department, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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10
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Autoimmune susceptibility imposed by public TCRβ chains. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37543. [PMID: 27869234 PMCID: PMC5116635 DOI: 10.1038/srep37543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the TCR repertoire is highly diverse, a small fraction of TCR chains, referred to as public, preferentially form and are shared by most individuals. Prior studies indicated that public TCRβ may be preferentially deployed in autoimmunity. We hypothesized that if these TCRβ modulate the likelihood of a TCRαβ heterodimer productively engaging autoantigen, because they are widely present in the population and often high frequency within individual repertoires, they could also broadly influence repertoire responsiveness to specific autoantigens. We assess this here using a series of public and private TCRβ derived from autoimmune encephalomyelitis-associated TCR. Transgenic expression of public, but not private, disease-associated TCRβ paired with endogenously rearranged TCRα endowed unprimed T cells with autoantigen reactivity. Further, two of six public, but none of five private TCRβ provoked spontaneous early-onset autoimmunity in mice. Our findings indicate that single TCRβ are sufficient to confer on TCRαβ chains reactivity toward disease-associated autoantigens in the context of diverse TCRα. They further suggest that public TCR can skew autoimmune susceptibility, and that subsets of public TCR sequences may serve as disease- specific biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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11
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Geiger TL, Rubnitz JE. New approaches for the immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2015; 19:275-284. [PMID: 25977190 PMCID: PMC4628787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a set of related diseases characterized by the immortalization and uncontrolled expansion of myeloid precursor cells. Core therapy for AML has remained unchanged for nearly 30 years, and survival rates remain unsatisfactory. However, advances in the immunotherapy of AML have created opportunities for improved outcomes. Enforcing a tumor-specific immune response through the re-direction of the adaptive immune system, which links remarkable specificity with potent cytotoxic effector functions, has proven particularly compelling. This may be coupled with immune checkpoint blockade and conventional therapies for optimal effect. Engineered antibodies are currently in use in AML and the repertoire of available therapeutics will expand. NK cells have shown effectiveness in this disease. New methods to optimize their activation and the targeting of AML show potential. Most significantly, adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-specific T cells, and particularly T cells re-directed using genetically introduced TCR or chimeric antigen receptors, have demonstrated promise. Each of these approaches has unique benefits and challenges that we explore in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence L. Geiger
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Jeffrey E. Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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Abstract
Current therapy for sarcomas, though effective in treating local disease, is often ineffective for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease. To improve outcomes, novel approaches are needed and cell therapy has the potential to meet this need since it does not rely on the cytotoxic mechanisms of conventional therapies. The recent successes of T-cell therapies for hematological malignancies have led to renewed interest in exploring cell therapies for solid tumors such as sarcomas. In this review, we will discuss current cell therapies for sarcoma with special emphasis on genetic approaches to improve the effector function of adoptively transferred cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Mata
- Center for Cell & Gene Therapy, Texa Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1770, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1770, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1770, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1770, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Center for Cell & Gene Therapy, Texa Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1770, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1770, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1770, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1770, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Malecek K, Grigoryan A, Zhong S, Gu WJ, Johnson LA, Rosenberg SA, Cardozo T, Krogsgaard M. Specific increase in potency via structure-based design of a TCR. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2587-99. [PMID: 25070852 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with Ag-specific T lymphocytes is a powerful strategy for cancer treatment. However, most tumor Ags are nonreactive "self" proteins, which presents an immunotherapy design challenge. Recent studies have shown that tumor-specific TCRs can be transduced into normal PBLs, which persist after transfer in ∼30% of patients and effectively destroy tumor cells in vivo. Although encouraging, the limited clinical responses underscore the need for enrichment of T cells with desirable antitumor capabilities prior to patient transfer. In this study, we used structure-based design to predict point mutations of a TCR (DMF5) that enhance its binding affinity for an agonist tumor Ag-MHC (peptide-MHC [pMHC]), Mart-1 (27L)-HLA-A2, which elicits full T cell activation to trigger immune responses. We analyzed the effects of selected TCR point mutations on T cell activation potency and analyzed cross-reactivity with related Ags. Our results showed that the mutated TCRs had improved T cell activation potency while retaining a high degree of specificity. Such affinity-optimized TCRs have demonstrated to be very specific for Mart-1 (27L), the epitope for which they were structurally designed. Although of somewhat limited clinical relevance, these studies open the possibility for future structural-based studies that could potentially be used in adoptive immunotherapy to treat melanoma while avoiding adverse autoimmunity-derived effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Malecek
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; Program in Structural Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Arsen Grigoryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Shi Zhong
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Wei Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10012
| | - Laura A Johnson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; Program in Structural Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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14
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Zheng J, Guo Y, Ji X, Cui L, He W. A novel antibody-like TCRγδ-Ig fusion protein exhibits antitumor activity against human ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 341:150-8. [PMID: 23920126 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
TCRγ9δ2(OT3) is a tumor-specific TCR with an unique complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequence, referred to as OT3, in its δ2 chain. This region was identified in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from human ovarian epithelial carcinoma. We demonstrated that TCRγ9δ2(OT3)-Fc, a fusion protein composed of the complete extracellular domains of the γ9 and δ2 chains linked to the Fc domains of human IgG1, exhibited successful binding to multiple human carcinoma cell lines. In vitro, TCRγ9δ2(OT3)-Fc mediated cell killing via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, TCRγ9δ2(OT3)-Fc significantly inhibited tumor growth and enhanced survival in human ovarian carcinoma xenograft models. Our findings suggest that the TCRγ9δ2(OT3)-Fc fusion protein possesses both the antigen-recognition properties of TCR γδ and the Fc-mediated effector functions of the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.
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15
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Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat disseminated cancer. However, it has been limited by the ability to isolate and expand T cells restricted to tumour-associated antigens. Using ex vivo gene transfer, T cells from patients can be genetically engineered to express a novel T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor to specifically recognize a tumour-associated antigen and thereby selectively kill tumour cells. Indeed, genetically engineered T cells have recently been successfully used for cancer treatment in a small number of patients. Here we review the recent progress in the field, and summarize the challenges that lie ahead and the strategies being used to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Daniel-Meshulam I, Ya'akobi S, Ankri C, Cohen CJ. How (specific) would like your T-cells today? Generating T-cell therapeutic function through TCR-gene transfer. Front Immunol 2012; 3:186. [PMID: 22783259 PMCID: PMC3390604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cells are central players in the immune response against both pathogens and cancer. Their specificity is solely dictated by the T-cell receptor (TCR) they clonally express. As such, the genetic modification of T lymphocytes using pathogen- or cancer-specific TCRs represents an appealing strategy to generate a desired immune response from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Moreover, notable objective clinical responses were observed in terminally ill cancer patients treated with TCR-gene modified cells in several clinical trials conducted recently. Nevertheless, several key aspects of this approach are the object of intensive research aimed at improving the reliability and efficacy of this strategy. Herein, we will survey recent studies in the field of TCR-gene transfer dealing with the improvement of this approach and its application for the treatment of malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Daniel-Meshulam
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences , Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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17
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Abstract
The function of T lymphocytes as orchestrators and effectors of the adaptive immune response is directed by the specificity of their T cell receptors (TCRs). By transferring into T cells the genes encoding antigen-specific receptors, the functional activity of large populations of T cells can be redirected against defined targets including virally infected or cancer cells. The potential of therapeutic T cells to traffic to sites of disease, to expand and to persist after a single treatment remains a major advantage over the currently available immunotherapies that use monoclonal antibodies. Here we review recent progress in the field of TCR gene therapy, outlining challenges to its successful implementation and the strategies being used to overcome them. We detail strategies used in the optimization of affinity and surface expression of the introduced TCR, the choice of T cell subpopulations for gene transfer, and the promotion of persistence of gene-modified T cells in vivo. We review the safety concerns surrounding the use of gene-modified T cells in patients, discussing emerging solutions to these problems, and describe the increasingly positive results from the use of gene-modified T cells in recent clinical trials of adoptive cellular immunotherapy. The increasing sophistication of measures to ensure the safety of engineered T cells is accompanied by an increasing number of clinical trials: these will be essential to guide the effective translation of cellular immunotherapy from the laboratory to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Uttenthal
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity, Infection and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
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18
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Yang J, Chen J, Mao H, Yi P, Yan D, He J, Li L. Skewed T-cell receptor beta chain variable gene (TCRBV) usage among different clinical types of patients with chronic HBV infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:448-55. [PMID: 22469337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the degree of clonal expansion of T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients suffering from different clinical types of hepatitis B (HB) infection and to analyse the clinical relevance of the skewed T-cell receptor beta variable (TCRBV). Sera and PBMCs were collected from 90 HB patients. Gene melting spectral pattern (GMSP) analysis was used to determine the distribution and expansion of populations expressing specific TCRBV complementary determined region 3 (CDR3) genes. TCRBV genes associated with monoclonal expansion were sequenced. TCRBV families from the majority of patients (80/90) displayed skewed T-cell expansion. Furthermore, TCRBV11, BV12 and BV13.1 were more frequent than other TCRBV genes; the sequence of TCRBV11 CDR3 was expressed as 'VYNEQ' in all patients and was accompanied by the BJ2.1 fragment. In patients with chronic HB, the frequency of skewed TCRBV was inversely correlated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels. The persistently skewed TCRBV gene families in HB patients may be associated with the development and maintenance of hepatitis. GMSP analysis of TCRBV gene families may be helpful in estimating disease status, and BV11 may be associated with HBV replication in patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Abstract
We investigated whether TCRs restricted to the more ubiquitously expressed MHC class I molecules could be used to redirect human regulatory T cells (Tregs). Using a series of HLA-A2-restricted TCRs that recognize the same peptide-MHC class I complex (pMHC) with affinities varying up to 3500 fold, we observed that TCR affinity had no effect on the ability of the introduced TCRs to confer potent Ag-specific suppressive activity. Surprisingly, we found a naturally occurring, low-affinity MHC class I-restricted TCR specific for an NY-ESO-1 epitope that was unable to redirect a functional CD4 T-effector cell response could confer potent antigen-specific suppressive activity when expressed in Tregs and severely impair the expansion of highly functional HIV-1(GAG)-specific CD8 T cells expressing a high-affinity TCR. This suppressive activity was only observed when both Ags were presented by the same cell, and no suppression was observed when the target Ags were put in distinct cells. These studies underscore the clinical utility of using MHC class I-restricted TCRs to endow Tregs with specificity to control autoimmune disease and highlight the conditions in which this approach would have most therapeutic benefit.
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Merhavi-Shoham E, Haga-Friedman A, Cohen CJ. Genetically modulating T-cell function to target cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2011; 22:14-22. [PMID: 22210183 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T-lymphocytes holds promise for the treatment of metastatic cancer. Genetic modulation of T-lymphocytes using TCR transfer with tumor-specific TCR genes is an attractive strategy to generate anti-tumor response, especially against large solid tumors. Recently, several clinical trials have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of this approach which lead to impressive tumor regression in cancer patients. Still, several factors may hinder the clinical benefit of this approach, such as the type of cells to modulate, the vector configuration or the safety of the procedure. In the present review we will aim at giving an overview of the recent developments related to the immune modulation of the anti-tumor adaptive response using genetically engineered lymphocytes and will also elaborate the development of other genetic modifications to enhance their anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Merhavi-Shoham
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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21
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Alli R, Nguyen P, Geiger TL. Altered differentiation, diminished pathogenicity, and regulatory activity of myelin-specific T cells expressing an enhanced affinity TCR. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5521-31. [PMID: 22025553 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Whereas increased affinity enhances T cell competitiveness after immunization, the role of affinity in modulating the pathogenicity of self-reactive T cells is less established. To assess this, we generated two myelin-specific, class II MHC-restricted TCR that differ only in a buried hydroxymethyl that forms a common TCR β-chain V region variant. The variation, predicted to increase TCR stability, resulted in a ~3log(10) difference in TCR sensitivity with preserved fine specificity. The high-affinity TCR markedly diminished T cell pathogenicity. T cells were not deleted, did not upregulate Foxp3, and barring disease induction were predominantly naive. However, high-affinity CD4(+) T cells showed an altered cytokine profile characterized by the production of protective cytokines prior to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induction and decreased effector cytokines after. Further, the high-affinity TCR promoted the development of CD4(-)CD8(-) and CD8(+) T cells that possessed low intrinsic pathogenicity, were protective even in small numbers when transferred into wild-type mice and in mixed chimeras, and outcompete CD4(+) T cells during disease development. Therefore, TCR affinities exceeding an upper affinity threshold may impede the development of autoimmunity through altered development and functional maturation of T cells, including diminished intrinsic CD4(+) T cell pathogenicity and the development of CD4(-)Foxp3(-) regulatory populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajshekhar Alli
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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