1
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Passang T, Wang S, Zhang H, Zeng F, Hsu PC, Wang W, Li JM, Liu Y, Ravindranathan S, Lesinski GB, Waller EK. VPAC2 Receptor Signaling Promotes Growth and Immunosuppression in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:2954-2967. [PMID: 38809694 PMCID: PMC11458156 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbors a complex tumor microenvironment, and cross-talk among cells in the tumor microenvironment can contribute to drug resistance and relapse. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is overexpressed in PDAC, and VIP receptors expressed on T cells are a targetable pathway that sensitizes PDAC to immunotherapy. In this study, we showed that pancreatic cancer cells engage in autocrine VIP signaling through VIP receptor 2 (VPAC2). High coexpression of VIP with VPAC2 correlated with reduced relapse-free survival in patients with PDAC. VPAC2 activation in PDAC cells upregulated Piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2, which stimulated cancer cell clonogenic growth. In addition, VPAC2 signaling increased expression of TGFβ1 to inhibit T-cell function. Loss of VPAC2 on PDAC cells led to reduced tumor growth and increased sensitivity to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in mouse models of PDAC. Overall, these findings expand our understanding of the role of VIP/VPAC2 signaling in PDAC and provide the rationale for developing potent VPAC2-specific antagonists for treating patients with PDAC. Significance: Autocrine VIP signaling via VPAC2 promotes cancer cell growth and inhibits T-cell function in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target to improve pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Passang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuhua Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fanyuan Zeng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Po-Chih Hsu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jian Ming Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Winship Cancer Institute Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sruthi Ravindranathan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Ruan Q, Lin X, Wang L, Wang N, Zhao Y, Wang H, Tian FY, Hu N, Li Y, Zhao B. An engineered (CAGA)12-EGFP cell-based biosensor for high-content and accurate detection of active TGF-β. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Lyons JJ, Liu Y, Ma CA, Yu X, O'Connell MP, Lawrence MG, Zhang Y, Karpe K, Zhao M, Siegel AM, Stone KD, Nelson C, Jones N, DiMaggio T, Darnell DN, Mendoza-Caamal E, Orozco L, Hughes JD, McElwee J, Hohman RJ, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Rothenberg ME, Freeman AF, Holland SM, Milner JD. ERBIN deficiency links STAT3 and TGF-β pathway defects with atopy in humans. J Exp Med 2017; 214:669-680. [PMID: 28126831 PMCID: PMC5339676 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonimmunological connective tissue phenotypes in humans are common among some congenital and acquired allergic diseases. Several of these congenital disorders have been associated with either increased TGF-β activity or impaired STAT3 activation, suggesting that these pathways might intersect and that their disruption may contribute to atopy. In this study, we show that STAT3 negatively regulates TGF-β signaling via ERBB2-interacting protein (ERBIN), a SMAD anchor for receptor activation and SMAD2/3 binding protein. Individuals with dominant-negative STAT3 mutations (STAT3mut ) or a loss-of-function mutation in ERBB2IP (ERBB2IPmut ) have evidence of deregulated TGF-β signaling with increased regulatory T cells and total FOXP3 expression. These naturally occurring mutations, recapitulated in vitro, impair STAT3-ERBIN-SMAD2/3 complex formation and fail to constrain nuclear pSMAD2/3 in response to TGF-β. In turn, cell-intrinsic deregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with increased functional IL-4Rα expression on naive lymphocytes and can induce expression and activation of the IL-4/IL-4Rα/GATA3 axis in vitro. These findings link increased TGF-β pathway activation in ERBB2IPmut and STAT3mut patient lymphocytes with increased T helper type 2 cytokine expression and elevated IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lyons
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Y Liu
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - C A Ma
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - X Yu
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M P O'Connell
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M G Lawrence
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Y Zhang
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - K Karpe
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M Zhao
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - A M Siegel
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - K D Stone
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - C Nelson
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - N Jones
- Clinical Research Directorate/CRMP, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - T DiMaggio
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - D N Darnell
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - E Mendoza-Caamal
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Orozco
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J D Hughes
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA 02115
| | - J McElwee
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA 02115
| | - R J Hohman
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - P A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
- Food Allergy Research Unit, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - A F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - S M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - J D Milner
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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4
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Fridrich S, Hahn SA, Linzmaier M, Felten M, Zwarg J, Lennerz V, Tuettenberg A, Stöcker W. How Soluble GARP Enhances TGFβ Activation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153290. [PMID: 27054568 PMCID: PMC4824412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant) is a cell surface receptor on regulatory T-lymphocytes, platelets, hepatic stellate cells and certain cancer cells. Its described function is the binding and accommodation of latent TGFβ (transforming growth factor), before the activation and release of the mature cytokine. For regulatory T cells it was shown that a knockdown of GARP or a treatment with blocking antibodies dramatically decreases their immune suppressive capacity. This confirms a fundamental role of GARP in the basic function of regulatory T cells. Prerequisites postulated for physiological GARP function include membrane anchorage of GARP, disulfide bridges between the propeptide of TGFβ and GARP and connection of this propeptide to αvβ6 or αvβ8 integrins of target cells during mechanical TGFβ release. Other studies indicate the existence of soluble GARP complexes and a functionality of soluble GARP alone. In order to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism, we expressed and purified recombinant TGFβ and a soluble variant of GARP. Surprisingly, soluble GARP and TGFβ formed stable non-covalent complexes in addition to disulfide-coupled complexes, depending on the redox conditions of the microenvironment. We also show that soluble GARP alone and the two variants of complexes mediate different levels of TGFβ activity. TGFβ activation is enhanced by the non-covalent GARP-TGFβ complex already at low (nanomolar) concentrations, at which GARP alone does not show any effect. This supports the idea of soluble GARP acting as immune modulator in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Fridrich
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, JGU Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Marion Linzmaier
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, JGU Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Felten
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, JGU Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenny Zwarg
- University Hospital Mainz, 3rd medical center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Lennerz
- University Hospital Mainz, 3rd medical center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Walter Stöcker
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, JGU Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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5
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Mohedas AH, Wang Y, Sanvitale CE, Canning P, Choi S, Xing X, Bullock AN, Cuny GD, Yu PB. Structure-activity relationship of 3,5-diaryl-2-aminopyridine ALK2 inhibitors reveals unaltered binding affinity for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva causing mutants. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7900-15. [PMID: 25101911 PMCID: PMC4191596 DOI: 10.1021/jm501177w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
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There
are currently no effective therapies for fibrodysplasia ossificans
progressiva (FOP), a debilitating and progressive heterotopic ossification
disease caused by activating mutations of ACVR1 encoding the BMP type
I receptor kinase ALK2. Recently, a subset of these same mutations
of ACVR1 have been identified in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
(DIPG) tumors. Here we describe the structure–activity relationship
for a series of novel ALK2 inhibitors based on the 2-aminopyridine
compound K02288. Several modifications increased potency
in kinase, thermal shift, or cell-based assays of BMP signaling and
transcription, as well as selectivity for ALK2 versus closely related
BMP and TGF-β type I receptor kinases. Compounds in this series
exhibited a wide range of in vitro cytotoxicity that was not correlated
with potency or selectivity, suggesting mechanisms independent of
BMP or TGF-β inhibition. The study also highlights a potent
2-methylpyridine derivative 10 (LDN-214117) with a high
degree of selectivity for ALK2 and low cytotoxicity that could provide
a template for preclinical development. Contrary to the notion that
activating mutations of ALK2 might alter inhibitor efficacy due to
potential conformational changes in the ATP-binding site, the compounds
demonstrated consistent binding to a panel of mutant and wild-type
ALK2 proteins. Thus, BMP inhibitors identified via activity against
wild-type ALK2 signaling are likely to be of clinical relevance for
the diverse ALK2 mutant proteins associated with FOP and DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin H Mohedas
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Mohedas AH, Xing X, Armstrong KA, Bullock AN, Cuny GD, Yu PB. Development of an ALK2-biased BMP type I receptor kinase inhibitor. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1291-302. [PMID: 23547776 PMCID: PMC3901569 DOI: 10.1021/cb300655w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway has essential functions in development, homeostasis, and the normal and pathophysiologic remodeling of tissues. Small molecule inhibitors of the BMP receptor kinase family have been useful for probing physiologic functions of BMP signaling in vitro and in vivo and may have roles in the treatment of BMP-mediated diseases. Here we describe the development of a selective and potent inhibitor of the BMP type I receptor kinases, LDN-212854, which in contrast to previously described BMP receptor kinase inhibitors exhibits nearly 4 orders of selectivity for BMP versus the closely related TGF-β and Activin type I receptors. In vitro, LDN-212854 exhibits some selectivity for ALK2 in preference to other BMP type I receptors, ALK1 and ALK3, which may permit the interrogation of ALK2-mediated signaling, transcriptional activity, and function. LDN-212854 potently inhibits heterotopic ossification in an inducible transgenic mutant ALK2 mouse model of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. These findings represent a significant step toward developing selective inhibitors targeting individual members of the highly homologous BMP type I receptor family. Such inhibitors would provide greater resolution as probes of physiologic function and improved selectivity against therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin H. Mohedas
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xuechao Xing
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kelli A. Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alex N. Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory D. Cuny
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115
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7
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Abstract
Gut mucosal surfaces separate the external environment from the internal sterile environment and so represent a first line of defence system. This barrier faces environments rich in pathogens that have developed effective mechanisms for colonisation of epithelial surfaces and invasion of mucosal tissues, but also harmless antigens such as food, airborne antigens or commensal bacterial flora. The latter represent the vast majority of the encountered antigens and require an appropriate response characterised by either ignorance or active suppression. However, for the former, a robust immune response is needed. Mucosae have developed a complex immune system that is capable of mounting an immune response against pathogenic antigens, while maintaining the required ignorance or active suppression against non-pathogenic antigens. Taking advantage of this knowledge, strategies have been devised to induce oral tolerance to antigens involved in experimental autoimmune disease or human conditions. It is now known that oral tolerance induces the up-regulation and activation of T cells with regulatory properties, a subtype of CD4⁺ T cells whose function is to regulate functions of other T lymphocytes to avoid excessive immune activation. Amongst them, the Th3 cells (cells that express the latency-associated peptide on the surface and secrete transforming growth factor β, a cytokine with immunoregulatory properties) are especially relevant in the induction of oral tolerance. Orally fed antigens seek to generate these types of cells in the treatment of autoimmune diseases in experimental animals or human subjects.
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8
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Hemdan NYA, Birkenmeier G, Wichmann G. Key molecules in the differentiation and commitment program of T helper 17 (Th17) cells up-to-date. Immunol Lett 2012; 148:97-109. [PMID: 23036716 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying autoimmunity and cancer remain elusive. However, perpendicular evidence has been evolved in the past decade that T helper (Th)17 cells and their related molecules are implicated in initiation and induction of various disease settings including both diseases. Meanwhile, extensive research on Th17 cells elucidated various molecules including cytokines and transcription factors as well as signaling pathways involved in the differentiation, maturation, survival and ultimate commitment of Th17 cells. In the current review, we revise the mechanistic underpinnings delivered by recent research on these molecules in the Th17 differentiation/commitment concert. We emphasize on those molecules proposed as targets for attaining potential therapies of various autoimmune disorders and cancer, aiming both at dampening the dark-side of Th17 repertoire and simultaneously potentiating its benefits in the roster of the antimicrobial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y A Hemdan
- ENT-Research Lab, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebig Str. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Hirota K, Ahlfors H, Duarte JH, Stockinger B. Regulation and function of innate and adaptive interleukin-17-producing cells. EMBO Rep 2012; 13:113-20. [PMID: 22193778 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2011.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-mediated immune responses play a crucial role in the mucosal host defence against microbial and fungal pathogens. However, the chronic activation of IL-17-producing T helper cells can cause autoimmune disease. In addition, recent studies have highlighted key roles of innate cell-mediated IL-17 responses in various inflammatory settings. Besides inflammation, there have also been intriguing findings regarding the involvement of IL-17 responses in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and tumour formation. Here, we discuss the latest discoveries in regulation and function of innate and adaptive IL-17-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hirota
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Division of Molecular Immunology, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
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Regateiro FS, Howie D, Cobbold SP, Waldmann H. TGF-β in transplantation tolerance. Curr Opin Immunol 2011; 23:660-9. [PMID: 21839624 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β is a cytokine required for the induction and maintenance of transplantation tolerance in animal models. TGF-β mediates anti-inflammatory effects by acting on many immune cell-types. Central for transplantation tolerance is the role for TGF-β in the induction of Foxp3 and regulatory capacity in CD4(+) T cells. Recently, however, the general anti-inflammatory role of TGF-β in CD4(+) T cell polarization was questioned by the discovery that, in the presence of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 or IL-1, TGF-β drives the differentiation of Th17 cells associated with transplant rejection. A better understanding of the factors determining TGF-β production and activation, Foxp3 induction and Treg stability is vital for the development of tolerogenic strategies in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico S Regateiro
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
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