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Puga M, Serrano JG, García EL, González Carracedo MA, Jiménez-Canino R, Pino-Yanes M, Karlsson R, Sullivan PF, Fregel R. El Hierro Genome Study: A Genomic and Health Study in an Isolated Canary Island Population. J Pers Med 2024; 14:626. [PMID: 38929847 PMCID: PMC11204744 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
El Hierro is the smallest and westernmost island of the Canary Islands, whose population derives from an admixture of different ancestral components and that has been subjected to genetic isolation. We established the "El Hierro Genome Study" to characterize the health status and the genetic composition of ~10% of the current population of the island, accounting for a total of 1054 participants. Detailed demographic and clinical data and a blood sample for DNA extraction were obtained from each participant. Genomic genotyping was performed with the Global Screening Array (Illumina). The genetic composition of El Hierro was analyzed in a subset of 416 unrelated individuals by characterizing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome haplogroups and performing principal component analyses (PCAs). In order to explore signatures of isolation, runs of homozygosity (ROHs) were also estimated. Among the participants, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes were the most prevalent conditions. The most common mtDNA haplogroups observed were of North African indigenous origin, while the Y-chromosome ones were mainly European. The PCA showed that the El Hierro population clusters near 1000 Genomes' European population but with a shift toward African populations. Moreover, the ROH analysis revealed some individuals with an important portion of their genomes with ROHs exceeding 400 Mb. Overall, these results confirmed that the "El Hierro Genome" cohort offers an opportunity to study the genetic basis of several diseases in an unexplored isolated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Puga
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
| | - Javier G. Serrano
- Evolution, Paleogenomics and Population Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Elsa L. García
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
| | - Mario A. González Carracedo
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Rubén Jiménez-Canino
- Genomics Service, Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - María Pino-Yanes
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.); (P.F.S.)
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.); (P.F.S.)
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rosa Fregel
- Evolution, Paleogenomics and Population Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
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García-Olivares V, Rubio-Rodríguez LA, Muñoz-Barrera A, Díaz-de Usera A, Jáspez D, Iñigo-Campos A, Rodríguez Pérez MDC, Cabrera de León A, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, González-Montelongo R, Cabrera VM, Flores C. Digging into the admixture strata of current-day Canary Islanders based on mitogenomes. iScience 2022; 26:105907. [PMID: 36647378 PMCID: PMC9840145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The conquest of the Canary Islands by Europeans began at the beginning of the 15th century and culminated in 1496 with the surrender of the aborigines. The collapse of the aboriginal population during the conquest and the arrival of settlers caused a drastic change in the demographic composition of the archipelago. To shed light on this historical process, we analyzed 896 mitogenomes of current inhabitants from the seven main islands. Our findings confirm the continuity of aboriginal maternal contributions and the persistence of their genetic footprints in the current population, even at higher levels (>60% on average) than previously evidenced. Moreover, the age estimates for most autochthonous founder lineages support a first aboriginal arrival to the islands at the beginning of the first millennium. We also revealed for the first time that the main recognizable genetic influences from Europe are from Portuguese and Galicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García-Olivares
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,Plataforma Genómica de Alto Rendimiento para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Luis A. Rubio-Rodríguez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Adrián Muñoz-Barrera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Díaz-de Usera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Jáspez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Iñigo-Campos
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José M. Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rafaela González-Montelongo
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,Plataforma Genómica de Alto Rendimiento para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Flores
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,Plataforma Genómica de Alto Rendimiento para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando de Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain,Corresponding author
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3
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Developing CIRdb as a catalog of natural genetic variation in the Canary Islanders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16132. [PMID: 36168029 PMCID: PMC9514705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current inhabitants of the Canary Islands have a unique genetic makeup in the European diversity landscape due to the existence of African footprints from recent admixture events, especially of North African components (> 20%). The underrepresentation of non-Europeans in genetic studies and the sizable North African ancestry, which is nearly absent from all existing catalogs of worldwide genetic diversity, justify the need to develop CIRdb, a population-specific reference catalog of natural genetic variation in the Canary Islanders. Based on array genotyping of the selected unrelated donors and comparisons against available datasets from European, sub-Saharan, and North African populations, we illustrate the intermediate genetic differentiation of Canary Islanders between Europeans and North Africans and the existence of within-population differences that are likely driven by genetic isolation. Here we describe the overall design and the methods that are being implemented to further develop CIRdb. This resource will help to strengthen the implementation of Precision Medicine in this population by contributing to increase the diversity in genetic studies. Among others, this will translate into improved ability to fine map disease genes and simplify the identification of causal variants and estimate the prevalence of unattended Mendelian diseases.
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Fregel R, Ordóñez AC, Serrano JG. The demography of the Canary Islands from a genetic perspective. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:R64-R71. [PMID: 33295602 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of European colonies across the world had important demographic consequences because it brought together diverse and distant civilizations for the first time. One clear example of this phenomenon is observed in the Canary Islands. The modern Canarian population is mainly the result of the admixture of natives of North African origin and European colonizers. However, additional migratory flows reached the islands due to the importation of enslaved Africans to cultivate sugarcane and the intense commercial contact with the American continent. In this review, we evaluate how the genetic analysis of indigenous, historical and current populations has provided a glimpse into the Canary Islands' complex genetic composition. We show that each island subpopulation's characterization is needed to fully disentangle the demographic history of the Canarian archipelago. Finally, we discuss what research avenues remain to be explored to improve our knowledge of the impact that the European colonization had on its native population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Alejandra C Ordóñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento Geografía e Historia, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier G Serrano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Guillen-Guio B, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, González-Montelongo R, Díaz-de Usera A, Marcelino-Rodríguez I, Corrales A, Cabrera de León A, Alonso S, Flores C. Genomic Analyses of Human European Diversity at the Southwestern Edge: Isolation, African Influence and Disease Associations in the Canary Islands. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:3010-3026. [PMID: 30289472 PMCID: PMC6278859 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the genetic resemblance of Canary Islanders to other southern European populations, their geographical isolation and the historical admixture of aborigines (from North Africa) with sub-Saharan Africans and Europeans have shaped a distinctive genetic makeup that likely affects disease susceptibility and health disparities. Based on single nucleotide polymorphism array data and whole genome sequencing (30×), we inferred that the last African admixture took place ∼14 generations ago and estimated that up to 34% of the Canary Islander genome is of recent African descent. The length of regions in homozygosis and the ancestry-related mosaic organization of the Canary Islander genome support the view that isolation has been strongest on the two smallest islands. Furthermore, several genomic regions showed significant and large deviations in African or European ancestry and were significantly enriched in genes involved in prevalent diseases in this community, such as diabetes, asthma, and allergy. The most prominent of these regions were located near LCT and the HLA, two well-known targets of selection, at which 40‒50% of the Canarian genome is of recent African descent according to our estimates. Putative selective signals were also identified in these regions near the SLC6A11-SLC6A1, KCNMB2, and PCDH20-PCDH9 genes. Taken together, our findings provide solid evidence of a significant recent African admixture, population isolation, and adaptation in this part of Europe, with the favoring of African alleles in some chromosome regions. These findings may have medical implications for populations of recent African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Guillen-Guio
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose M Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Ana Díaz-de Usera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Itahisa Marcelino-Rodríguez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Almudena Corrales
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Santos Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Genetic structure in the paternal lineages of South East Spain revealed by the analysis of 17 Y-STRs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5234. [PMID: 30914710 PMCID: PMC6435739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic data of 17 Y chromosome short tandem repeats in 146 unrelated donor residents in the provinces of Granada, Málaga, and Almería (GMA) were analyzed to determine the genetic legacy of the male inhabitants of the former Kingdom of Granada. A total of 139 unique haplotypes were identified. Observed allele frequencies and haplogroup frequencies were also analyzed. By AMOVA and STRUCTURE analysis, the populations of the 3 provinces could be treated genetically as a single population. The most frequent haplogroup was R1b1b2 (58.22%). By network analysis of all individuals, we observed a distribution according to haplogroup assignment. To improve the characterization of GMA population, it was compared with those of North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and southern Europe. In our analysis of allele frequencies and genetic distances, the GMA population lay within the Spanish population group. Further, in the STRUCTURE analysis, there was no African component in the GMA population, confirming that, based on our genetic markers, the GMA population does not reflect any male genetic influence of the North African people. The presence of African haplogroups in the GMA population is irrelevant when their frequency is compared with those in other European populations.
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7
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Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula. Nat Commun 2019; 10:551. [PMID: 30710075 PMCID: PMC6358624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Iberian Peninsula is linguistically diverse and has a complex demographic history, including a centuries-long period of Muslim rule. Here, we study the fine-scale genetic structure of its population, and the genetic impacts of historical events, leveraging powerful, haplotype-based statistical methods to analyse 1413 individuals from across Spain. We detect extensive fine-scale population structure at extremely fine scales (below 10 Km) in some regions, including Galicia. We identify a major east-west axis of genetic differentiation, and evidence of historical north to south population movement. We find regionally varying fractions of north-west African ancestry (0–11%) in modern-day Iberians, related to an admixture event involving European-like and north-west African-like source populations. We date this event to 860–1120 CE, implying greater genetic impacts in the early half of Muslim rule in Iberia. Together, our results indicate clear genetic impacts of population movements associated with both the Muslim conquest and the subsequent Reconquista. The Iberian Peninsula has a complex history. Here, the authors analyse the genetic structure of the modern Iberian population at fine scale, revealing historical population movements associated with the time of Muslim rule.
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Perkins JR, Acosta-Herrera M, Plaza-Serón MC, Jurado-Escobar R, Doña I, García-Martín E, Isidoro-García M, Bartra J, Ribas-Perez D, Mayorga C, Torres MJ, Flores C, Cornejo-García JA. Polymorphisms in CEP68 gene associated with risk of immediate selective reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 19:191-199. [DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Hernández-Socorro CR, Rodríguez-Esparragón FJ, Celli J, López-Fernández JC. Sonographic evaluation of atherosclerosis burden in carotid arteries of ischemic stroke patients and its relation to paraoxonase 1 and 2, MTHFR and AT1R genetic variants. J Neurol Sci 2017; 378:146-151. [PMID: 28566152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Common variants of the Paraoxonase (PON), 5-Methyl-Tetrahydrofolate-Reductase (MTHFR) and Angiotensin-II receptor 1 (AT1R) genes have been associated with ischemic stroke (IS) risk. Moreover, carotid atherosclerosis is a common cause of IS. The aim of this study is to explore whether variants in these genes associate with the severity of ultrasonographic determined atherosclerosis assessed in carotid arteries. PATIENTS AND METHODS Etiologic subtype of cerebral ischemia was determined according to the TOAST classification. Genotypes were detected by PCR and restriction analysis. An ultrasonographic supra-aortic trunks study was performed to all patients to assess their atherosclerotic involvement based on predefined criteria. RESULTS In IS patients, none of the analyzed gene distributions differed concerning the stenosis degree. Nevertheless, a trend was observed for the rs662 and rs7493 variants of the PON1 and PON2 genes respectively. When evaluated the results based on different inheritance models, a significant contribution of rs7493 variant according to a dominant (OR=2.397, 95% CI (1.001-5.376); p=0.045) and log-additive inheritance forms (OR=1.85, 95% CI (1.07-3.2); p=0.03) was observed. Only rs7493 reached statistical significance (p=0.013), when genotype distribution was analyzed according to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and remain significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR=2.66, 95% CI (1.1 to 6.4); p=0.03). CONCLUSION In IS patients of the north area of the Gran Canaria island the PON2 (rs7493) gene variant associates with a worse ultrasonographic profile. Conversely, the Cys311Cys homozygosis of the rs7493 variant was also related to a better ultrasonographic profile in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rosa Hernández-Socorro
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín (HUGCDN), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Esparragón
- Unidad de Investigación, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jennifer Celli
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín (HUGCDN), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Servicio de Neurología, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
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Acosta-Herrera M, Pino-Yanes M, Ma SF, Barreto-Luis A, Corrales A, Cumplido J, Pérez-Rodríguez E, Campo P, Eng C, García-Robaina JC, Quintela I, Villar J, Blanca M, Carracedo Á, Carrillo T, Garcia JGN, Torgerson DG, Burchard EG, Flores C. Fine mapping of the myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene replicates the association with asthma in populations of Spanish descent. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1116-8.e9. [PMID: 26025125 PMCID: PMC4699578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain; Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network (MODERN), Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Amalia Barreto-Luis
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Almudena Corrales
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Cumplido
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Paloma Campo
- U.G.C. Allergy, Regional University Hospital of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CEGEN-ISCIII-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network (MODERN), Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanca
- U.G.C. Allergy, Regional University Hospital of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Fundación Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Carrillo
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Dara G Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Carlos Flores
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain; Applied Genomics Group (G2A), Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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11
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Ethnic Difference in Risk of Toxicity in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Dynamic Arc Radiation Therapy. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 101:461-8. [DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background The objective of this study was to assess the influence of ethnicity on toxicity in patients treated with dynamic arc radiation therapy (ART) for prostate cancer (PC). Methods From June 2006 to May 2012, 162 cT1-T3 cN0 cM0 PC patients were treated with ART (primary diagnosis, n = 125; post-prostatectomy/brachytherapy biochemical recurrence, n = 26; adjuvant post-prostatectomy, n = 11) at 2 institutions. Forty-five patients were Latin Americans and 117 were Europeans. The dose prescribed to the prostate ranged between 68 Gy and 81 Gy. Results The median age was 69 years (range 43-87 years). The median follow-up was 18 months (range 2-74 months). Overall, only 3 patients died, none due to a cancer-related cause. Biochemical recurrence was seen in 7 patients. The rates of acute grade 2 gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities were 19.7% and 17%, respectively. Only 1 patient experienced acute grade 3 GI toxicity, whereas 11 patients (6.7%) experienced acute grade 3 GU toxicity. Multivariate analysis showed that undergoing whole pelvic lymph node irradiation was associated with a higher grade of acute GI toxicity (OR: 3.46; p = 0.003). In addition, older age was marginally associated with a higher grade of acute GI toxicity (OR: 2.10; p = 0.074). Finally, ethnicity was associated with acute GU toxicity: Europeans had lower-grade toxicity (OR: 0.27; p = 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest an ethnic difference in GU toxicity for PC patients treated with ART. In addition, we found that ART is associated with a very low risk of severe toxicity and a low recurrence rate.
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Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Hernández JC, Gámez A, Pestano JJ, Arnay M, González AM. Isolation and prominent aboriginal maternal legacy in the present-day population of La Gomera (Canary Islands). Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:1236-43. [PMID: 25407001 PMCID: PMC4538205 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present-day population structure of La Gomera is outstanding in its high aboriginal heritage, the greatest in the Canary Islands. This was earlier confirmed by both mitochondrial DNA and autosomal analyses, although genetic drift due to the fifteenth century European colonization could not be excluded as the main factor responsible. The present mtDNA study of aboriginal remains and extant samples from the six municipal districts of the island indeed demonstrates that the pre-Hispanic colonization of La Gomera by North African people involved a strong founder event, shown by the high frequency of the indigenous Canarian U6b1a lineage in the aboriginal samples (65%). This value is even greater than that observed in the extant population (44%), which in turn is the highest of all the seven Canary Islands. In contrast to previous results obtained for the aboriginal populations of Tenerife and La Palma, haplogroups related to secondary waves of migration were not detected in La Gomera aborigines, indicating that isolation also had an important role in shaping the current population. The rugged relief of La Gomera divided into several distinct valleys probably promoted subsequent aboriginal intra-insular differentiation that has continued after the European colonization, as seen in the present-day population structure observed on the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Vicente M Cabrera
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José M Larruga
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan C Hernández
- Museo Arqueológico de La Gomera, Unidad de Patrimonio Histórico, Cabildo de La Gomera, San Sebastián de la Gomera, La Gomera, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gámez
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose J Pestano
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Matilde Arnay
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana M González
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Pardiñas AF, Martínez JL, Roca A, García-Vazquez E, López B. Over the sands and far away: interpreting an Iberian mitochondrial lineage with ancient Western African origins. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:777-83. [PMID: 25130626 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an ongoing effort to characterize the genetic links between Africa and Europe, mostly using lineages and haplotypes that are specific to one continent but had an ancient origin in the other. Mitochondrial DNA has been proven to be a very useful tool for this purpose since a high number of putatively European-specific variants of the African L* lineages have been defined over the years. Due to their geographic locations, Spain and Portugal seem to be ideal places for searching for these lineages. METHODS Five members of a minor branch of haplogroup L3f were found in recent DNA samplings in the region of Asturias (Northern Spain), which is known for its historical isolation. The frequency of L3f in this population (≈1%) is unexpectedly high in comparison with other related lineages in Europe. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequencing of these L3f lineages, as well phylogenetic and phylogeographic comparative analyses have been performed. RESULTS The L3f variant found in Asturias seems to constitute an Iberian-specific haplogroup, distantly related to lineages in Northern Africa and with a deep ancestry in Western Africa. Coalescent algorithms estimate the minimum arrival time as 8,000 years ago, and a possible route through the Gibraltar Strait. CONCLUSIONS Results are concordant with a previously proposed Neolithic connection between Southern Europe and Western Africa, which might be key to the proper understanding of the ancient links between these two continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Pardiñas
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, 33071, Spain
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López S, García Ó, Yurrebaso I, Flores C, Acosta-Herrera M, Chen H, Gardeazabal J, Careaga JM, Boyano MD, Sánchez A, Ratón-Nieto JA, Sevilla A, Smith-Zubiaga I, de Galdeano AG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Izagirre N, de la Rúa C, Alonso S. The interplay between natural selection and susceptibility to melanoma on allele 374F of SLC45A2 gene in a South European population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104367. [PMID: 25093503 PMCID: PMC4122405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the selective pressures interacting on SLC45A2 to investigate the interplay between selection and susceptibility to disease. Thus, we enrolled 500 volunteers from a geographically limited population (Basques from the North of Spain) and by resequencing the whole coding region and intron 5 of the 34 most and the 34 least pigmented individuals according to the reflectance distribution, we observed that the polymorphism Leu374Phe (L374F, rs16891982) was statistically associated with skin color variability within this sample. In particular, allele 374F was significantly more frequent among the individuals with lighter skin. Further genotyping an independent set of 558 individuals of a geographically wider population with known ancestry in the Spanish population also revealed that the frequency of L374F was significantly correlated with the incident UV radiation intensity. Selection tests suggest that allele 374F is being positively selected in South Europeans, thus indicating that depigmentation is an adaptive process. Interestingly, by genotyping 119 melanoma samples, we show that this variant is also associated with an increased susceptibility to melanoma in our populations. The ultimate driving force for this adaptation is unknown, but it is compatible with the vitamin D hypothesis. This shows that molecular evolution analysis can be used as a useful technology to predict phenotypic and biomedical consequences in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa López
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Óscar García
- Ertzaintza Forensic Unit, Erandio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Flores
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
- Applied Genomics Group (G2A), Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
- Research Unit, Universitary Hospital Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Hua Chen
- Center for Computational Genetics and Genomics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jesús Gardeazabal
- Dermatology Service, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Cruces-Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús María Careaga
- Dermatology Service, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Dermatology Service, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Ratón-Nieto
- Dermatology Service, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Cruces-Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arrate Sevilla
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Isabel Smith-Zubiaga
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alicia García de Galdeano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Neskuts Izagirre
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Concepción de la Rúa
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Santos Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Variants of CEP68 gene are associated with acute urticaria/angioedema induced by multiple non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90966. [PMID: 24618698 PMCID: PMC3949706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most consumed drugs worldwide because of their efficacy and utility in the treatment of pain and inflammatory diseases. However, they are also responsible for an important number of adverse effects including hypersensitivity reactions. The most important group of these reactions is triggered by non-immunological, pharmacological mechanisms catalogued under the denomination of cross-intolerance (CRI), with acute urticaria/angioedema induced by multiple NSAIDs (MNSAID-UA) the most frequently associated clinical entity. A recent genome-wide association study identified the gene encoding the centrosomal protein of 68 KDa (CEP68) as the major locus associated with aspirin intolerance susceptibility in asthmatics. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of this locus in susceptibility to CRI to NSAIDs by examining 53 common gene variants in a total of 635 patients that were classified as MNSAID-UA (n = 399), airway exacerbations (n = 110) or blended pattern (n = 126), and 425 controls. We found in the MNSAID-UA group a number of variants (17) associated (lowest p-value = 1.13×10−6), including the non-synonymous Gly74Ser variant (rs7572857) previously associated with aspirin intolerance susceptibility in asthmatics. Although not being significant in the context of multiple testing, eight of these variants were also associated with exacerbated respiratory disease or blended reactions. Our results suggest that CEP68 gene variants may play an important role in MNSAID-UA susceptibility and, despite the different regulatory mechanisms involved depending on the specific affected organ, in the development of hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs.
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Acosta-Herrera M, Pino-Yanes M, Perez-Mendez L, Villar J, Flores C. Assessing the quality of studies supporting genetic susceptibility and outcomes of ARDS. Front Genet 2014; 5:20. [PMID: 24567738 PMCID: PMC3915143 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe inflammatory disease manifested as a result of pulmonary and systemic responses to several insults. It is now well accepted that genetic variation influences these responses. However, little is known about the genes that are responsible for patient susceptibility and outcome of ARDS. Methodological flaws are still abundant among genetic association studies with ARDS and here, we aimed to highlight the quality criteria where the standards have not been reached, to expose the associated genes to facilitate replication attempts, and to provide quick-reference guidance for future studies. We conducted a PubMed search from January 2008 to September 2012 for original articles. Studies were considered if a statistically significant association was declared with either susceptibility or outcomes of all-cause ARDS. Fourteen criteria were used for evaluation and results were compared to those from a previous quality assessment report. Significant improvements affecting study design and statistical analysis were detected. However, major issues such as adjustments for the underlying population stratification and replication studies remain poorly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain ; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain ; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lina Perez-Mendez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ; Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain ; Applied Genomics Group (G2A), Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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17
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Martínez-Cadenas C, López S, Ribas G, Flores C, García O, Sevilla A, Smith-Zubiaga I, Ibarrola-Villaba M, Pino-Yanes MDM, Gardeazabal J, Boyano D, García de Galdeano A, Izagirre N, de la Rúa C, Alonso S. Simultaneous purifying selection on the ancestral MC1R allele and positive selection on the melanoma-risk allele V60L in south Europeans. Mol Biol Evol 2013; 30:2654-65. [PMID: 24045876 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the geographical apportionment of the coding diversity of the pigmentary locus melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) is, unusually, higher in Eurasians than in Africans. This atypical observation has been interpreted as the result of purifying selection due to functional constraint on MC1R in high UV-B radiation environments. By analyzing 3,142 human MC1R alleles from different regions of Spain in the context of additional haplotypic information from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) Project data, we show that purifying selection is also strong in southern Europe, but not so in northern Europe. Furthermore, we show that purifying and positive selection act simultaneously on MC1R. Thus, at least in Spain, regions at opposite ends of the incident UV-B radiation distribution show significantly different frequencies for the melanoma-risk allele V60L (a mutation also associated to red hair and fair skin and even blonde hair), with higher frequency of V60L at those regions of lower incident UV-B radiation. Besides, using the 1000G south European data, we show that the V60L haplogroup is also characterized by an extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH) pattern indicative of positive selection. We, thus, provide evidence for an adaptive value of human skin depigmentation in Europe and illustrate how an adaptive process can simultaneously help to maintain a disease-risk allele. In addition, our data support the hypothesis proposed by Jablonski and Chaplin (Human skin pigmentation as an adaptation to UVB radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:8962-8968), which posits that habitation of middle latitudes involved the evolution of partially depigmented phenotypes that are still capable of suitable tanning.
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Pino-Yanes M, Corrales A, Cumplido J, Poza P, Sánchez-Machín I, Sánchez-Palacios A, Figueroa J, Acosta-Fernández O, Buset N, García-Robaina JC, Hernández M, Villar J, Carrillo T, Flores C. Assessing the validity of asthma associations for eight candidate genes and age at diagnosis effects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73157. [PMID: 24039878 PMCID: PMC3767824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), ADAM33, ADRB2, CD14, MS4A2 (alias FCER1B), IL13, IL4, IL4R, and TNF constituted the most replicated non-HLA candidate genes with asthma and related traits. However, except for the IL13-IL4 region, none of these genes have been found in close proximity of genome-wide significant hits among GWAS for asthma or related traits. Here we aimed to assess the reproducibility of these asthma associations and to test if associations were more evident considering the effect of age at diagnosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We systematically evaluated 286 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these 8 genes in a sample of 1,865 unrelated Spanish individuals (606 asthmatics and 1,259 controls). We found that variants at MS4A2, IL4R and ADAM33 genes demonstrated varying association effects with the age at diagnosis of asthma, with 10 SNPs showing study-wise significance after the multiple comparison adjustment. In addition, in silico replication with GWAS data supported the association of IL4R. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results support the important role of MS4A2, IL4R and ADAM33 genes in asthma and/or atopy susceptibility. However, additional studies in larger samples sets are needed to firmly implicate these genes in asthma susceptibility, and also to identify the causal variation underlying the associations found.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pino-Yanes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Sun X, Ma SF, Wade MS, Acosta-Herrera M, Villar J, Pino-Yanes M, Zhou T, Liu B, Belvitch P, Moitra J, Han YJ, Machado R, Noth I, Natarajan V, Dudek SM, Jacobson JR, Flores C, Garcia JGN. Functional promoter variants in sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 associate with susceptibility to sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L467-77. [PMID: 23911438 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00010.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and the S1P receptor S1PR3 are intimately involved in lung inflammatory responses and vascular barrier regulation. Furthermore, plasma S1PR3 protein levels were shown to serve as a biomarker of severity in critically ill ARDS patients. This study explores the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the S1PR3 gene to sepsis-associated ARDS. S1PR3 SNPs were identified by sequencing the entire gene and tagging SNPs selected for case-control association analysis in African- and ED samples from Chicago, with independent replication in a European case-control study of Spanish individuals. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, luciferase activity assays, and protein immunoassays were utilized to assess the functionality of associated SNPs. A total of 80 variants, including 29 novel SNPs, were identified. Because of limited sample size, conclusive findings could not be drawn in African-descent ARDS subjects; however, significant associations were found for two promoter SNPs (rs7022797 -1899T/G; rs11137480 -1785G/C), across two ED samples supporting the association of alleles -1899G and -1785C with decreased risk for sepsis-associated ARDS. In addition, these alleles significantly reduced transcription factor binding to the S1PR3 promoter; reduced S1PR3 promoter activity, a response particularly striking after TNF-α challenge; and were associated with lower plasma S1PR3 protein levels in ARDS patients. These highly functional studies support S1PR3 as a novel ARDS candidate gene and a potential target for individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Sun
- Institute for Personalize Respiratory Medicine, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, 3099 COMRB (MC719 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL 60612.
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Valenciano A, Foro-Arnalot P, Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Cozar JM, Suárez-Novo JF, Castells-Esteve M, Ayala-Gil A, Fernández-Gonzalo P, Ferrer M, Guedea F, Sancho-Pardo G, Craven-Bartle J, Ortiz-Gordillo MJ, Cabrera-Roldán P, Herrera-Ramos E, Lara PC. Polymorphisms in DNA-repair genes in a cohort of prostate cancer patients from different areas in Spain: heterogeneity between populations as a confounding factor in association studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69735. [PMID: 23936089 PMCID: PMC3720621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differences in the distribution of genotypes between individuals of the same ethnicity are an important confounder factor commonly undervalued in typical association studies conducted in radiogenomics. Objective To evaluate the genotypic distribution of SNPs in a wide set of Spanish prostate cancer patients for determine the homogeneity of the population and to disclose potential bias. Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 601 prostate cancer patients from Andalusia, Basque Country, Canary and Catalonia were genotyped for 10 SNPs located in 6 different genes associated to DNA repair: XRCC1 (rs25487, rs25489, rs1799782), ERCC2 (rs13181), ERCC1 (rs11615), LIG4 (rs1805388, rs1805386), ATM (rs17503908, rs1800057) and P53 (rs1042522). The SNP genotyping was made in a Biotrove OpenArray® NT Cycler. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis Comparisons of genotypic and allelic frequencies among populations, as well as haplotype analyses were determined using the web-based environment SNPator. Principal component analysis was made using the SnpMatrix and XSnpMatrix classes and methods implemented as an R package. Non-supervised hierarchical cluster of SNP was made using MultiExperiment Viewer. Results and Limitations We observed that genotype distribution of 4 out 10 SNPs was statistically different among the studied populations, showing the greatest differences between Andalusia and Catalonia. These observations were confirmed in cluster analysis, principal component analysis and in the differential distribution of haplotypes among the populations. Because tumor characteristics have not been taken into account, it is possible that some polymorphisms may influence tumor characteristics in the same way that it may pose a risk factor for other disease characteristics. Conclusion Differences in distribution of genotypes within different populations of the same ethnicity could be an important confounding factor responsible for the lack of validation of SNPs associated with radiation-induced toxicity, especially when extensive meta-analysis with subjects from different countries are carried out.
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Almon R, Álvarez-León EE, Serra-Majem L. Association of the European lactase persistence variant (LCT-13910 C>T polymorphism) with obesity in the Canary Islands. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43978. [PMID: 22937140 PMCID: PMC3427248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background European lactose tolerance genotype (LCT -13910 C>T, rs4988234) has been positively associated to body mass indexes (BMI) in a meta-analysis of 31,720 individuals of northern and central European descent. A strong association of lactase persistence (LP) with BMI and obesity has also been traced in a Spanish Mediterranean population. The aim of this study was to analyze a potential association of LP compared to lactase non-persistence (LNP) with BMI in inhabitants of the Canary Islands of Spain using Mendelian randomization. Methods A representative, randomly sampled population of adults belonging to the Canary Islands Nutrition Survey (ENCA) in Spain, aged 18–75 years (n = 551), was genotyped for the LCT – 13910 C>T polymorphism. Milk consumption was assessed by a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric variables were directly measured. WHO classification of BMI was used. Results LP individuals were significantly more obese than LNP subjects (χ2 = 10.59; p<0.005). LP showed in a multivariate linear regression analysis showed a positive association of LP with BMI compared to LNP, (β = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.08–1.85, p = 0.033). In a multinomial logistic regression analysis normal range weight LP subjects showed an odds ratio for obesity of 2.41; 95%CI 1.39–418, (p = 0.002) compared to LNP. Conclusions The T-13910 of the allele LCT-13910 C>T polymorphism is positively associated with BMI. LP increases significantly the risk to develop obesity in the studied population. The LCT-13910 C>T polymorphism stands proxy for the lifetime exposure pattern, milk intake, that may increase susceptibility to obesity and to obesity related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Almon
- Family Medicine Research Centre, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Meyer NJ, Daye ZJ, Rushefski M, Aplenc R, Lanken PN, Shashaty MGS, Christie JD, Feng R. SNP-set analysis replicates acute lung injury genetic risk factors. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:52. [PMID: 22742663 PMCID: PMC3512475 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a gene - based replication strategy to test the reproducibility of prior acute lung injury (ALI) candidate gene associations. METHODS We phenotyped 474 patients from a prospective severe trauma cohort study for ALI. Genomic DNA from subjects' blood was genotyped using the IBC chip, a multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Results were filtered for 25 candidate genes selected using prespecified literature search criteria and present on the IBC platform. For each gene, we grouped SNPs according to haplotype blocks and tested the joint effect of all SNPs on susceptibility to ALI using the SNP-set kernel association test. Results were compared to single SNP analysis of the candidate SNPs. Analyses were separate for genetically determined ancestry (African or European). RESULTS We identified 4 genes in African ancestry and 2 in European ancestry trauma subjects which replicated their associations with ALI. Ours is the first replication of IL6, IL10, IRAK3, and VEGFA associations in non-European populations with ALI. Only one gene - VEGFA - demonstrated association with ALI in both ancestries, with distinct haplotype blocks in each ancestry driving the association. We also report the association between trauma-associated ALI and NFKBIA in European ancestry subjects. CONCLUSIONS Prior ALI genetic associations are reproducible and replicate in a trauma cohort. Kernel - based SNP-set analysis is a more powerful method to detect ALI association than single SNP analysis, and thus may be more useful for replication testing. Further, gene-based replication can extend candidate gene associations to diverse ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala J Meyer
- Department of Medicine: Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, 874 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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No association between genetic ancestry and susceptibility to asthma or atopy in Canary Islanders. Immunogenetics 2012; 64:705-11. [PMID: 22710824 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-012-0631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex respiratory disease characterized by chronic inflammation of airways and frequently associated with atopic symptoms. The population from the Canary Islands, which has resulted from a recent admixture of North African and Iberian populations, shows the highest prevalence of asthma and atopic symptoms among the Spanish populations. Although environmental particularities would account for the majority of such disparity, genetic ancestry might play a role in increasing the susceptibility of asthma or atopy, as have been demonstrated in other recently African-admixed populations. Here, we aimed to explore whether genetic ancestry was associated with asthma or related traits in the Canary Islanders. For that, a total of 734 DNA samples from unrelated individuals of the GOA study, self-reporting at least two generations of ancestors from the Canary Islands (391 asthmatics and 343 controls), were successfully genotyped for 83 ancestry informative markers (AIMs), which allowed to precisely distinguishing between North African and Iberian ancestries. No association was found between genetic ancestry and asthma or related traits after adjusting by demographic variables differing among compared groups. Similarly, none of the individual AIMs was associated with asthma when results were considered in the context of the multiple comparisons performed (0.005 ≤ p value ≤ 0.042; 0.221 ≤ q value ≤ 0.443). Our results suggest that if genetic ancestry were involved in the susceptibility to asthma or related traits among Canary Islanders, its effects would be modest. Larger studies, examining more genetic variants, would be needed to explore such possibility.
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IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 gene (IRAK3) variants associate with asthma in a replication study in the Spanish population. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:573-5, 575.e1-10. [PMID: 22070913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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