1
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Sands I, Demarco R, Thurber L, Esteban-Linares A, Song D, Meng E, Chen Y. Interface-Mediated Neurogenic Signaling: The Impact of Surface Geometry and Chemistry on Neural Cell Behavior for Regenerative and Brain-Machine Interfacing Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401750. [PMID: 38961531 PMCID: PMC11326983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterial advancements have driven progress in central and peripheral nervous system applications such as tissue regeneration and brain-machine interfacing. Ideally, neural interfaces with native tissue shall seamlessly integrate, a process that is often mediated by the interfacial material properties. Surface topography and material chemistry are significant extracellular stimuli that can influence neural cell behavior to facilitate tissue integration and augment therapeutic outcomes. This review characterizes topographical modifications, including micropillars, microchannels, surface roughness, and porosity, implemented on regenerative scaffolding and brain-machine interfaces. Their impact on neural cell response is summarized through neurogenic outcome and mechanistic analysis. The effects of surface chemistry on neural cell signaling with common interfacing compounds like carbon-based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and biologically inspired matrices are also reviewed. Finally, the impact of these extracellular mediated neural cues on intracellular signaling cascades is discussed to provide perspective on the manipulation of neuron and neuroglia cell microenvironments to drive therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ryan Demarco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Laura Thurber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Alberto Esteban-Linares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ellis Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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2
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McLeod RR, Malliaras GG. Conducting polymers take control of the field. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320855121. [PMID: 38232285 PMCID: PMC10823163 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320855121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. McLeod
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309-0425
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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3
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Qian S, Lin HA, Pan Q, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Geng Z, Wu Q, He Y, Zhu B. Chemically revised conducting polymers with inflammation resistance for intimate bioelectronic electrocoupling. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:24-51. [PMID: 36875055 PMCID: PMC9975642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, tunable interfacial barrier with metal, tissue matchable softness, and versatile chemical functionalization, making them robust to bridge the gap between brain tissue and electronic circuits. This review focuses on chemically revised conducting polymers, combined with their superior and controllable electrochemical performance, to fabricate long-term bioelectronic implants, addressing chronic immune responses, weak neuron attraction, and long-term electrocommunication instability challenges. Moreover, the promising progress of zwitterionic conducting polymers in bioelectronic implants (≥4 weeks stable implantation) is highlighted, followed by a comment on their current evolution toward selective neural coupling and reimplantable function. Finally, a critical forward look at the future of zwitterionic conducting polymers for in vivo bioelectronic devices is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hsing-An Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qichao Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yong He
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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4
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Liu T, Zhang Q, Li H, Cui X, Qi Z, Yang X. An injectable, self-healing, electroconductive hydrogel loaded with neural stem cells and donepezil for enhancing local therapy effect of spinal cord injury. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:48. [PMID: 37488558 PMCID: PMC10367392 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury with high mortality and disability rates, and there is no effective treatment at present. It has been reported that some treatments, such as drug intervention and stem cell transplantation have positive effects in promoting neurological recovery. Although those treatments are effective for nerve regeneration, many drawbacks, such as low stem cell survival rates and side effects caused by systemic medication, have limited their development. In recent years, injectable hydrogel materials have been widely used in tissue engineering due to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, controllable properties, and low invasiveness. The treatment strategy of injectable hydrogels combined with stem cells or drugs has made some progress in SCI repair, showing the potential to overcome the drawbacks of traditional drugs and stem cell therapy. METHODS In this study, a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel (NGP) based on sodium hyaluronate oxide (SAO) and polyaniline-grafted gelatine (NH2-Gel-PANI) was developed as a material in which to load neural stem cells (NSCs) and donepezil (DPL) to facilitate nerve regeneration after SCI. To evaluate the potential of the prepared NGP hydrogel in SCI repair applications, the surface morphology, self-repairing properties, electrical conductivity and cytocompatibility of the resulting hydrogel were analysed. Meanwhile, we evaluated the neural repair ability of NGP hydrogels loaded with DPL and NSCs using a rat model of spinal cord injury. RESULTS The NGP hydrogel has a suitable pore size, good biocompatibility, excellent conductivity, and injectable and self-repairing properties, and its degradation rate matches the repair cycle of spinal cord injury. In addition, DPL could be released continuously and slowly from the NGP hydrogel; thus, the NGP hydrogel could serve as an excellent carrier for drugs and cells. The results of in vitro cell experiments showed that the NGP hydrogel had good cytocompatibility and could significantly promote the neuronal differentiation and axon growth of NSCs, and loading the hydrogel with DPL could significantly enhance this effect. More importantly, the NGP hydrogel loaded with DPL showed a significant inhibitory effect on astrocytic differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Animal experiments showed that the combination of NGP hydrogel, DPL, and NSCs had the best therapeutic effect on the recovery of motor function and nerve conduction function in rats. NGP hydrogel loaded with NSCs and DPL not only significantly increased the myelin sheath area, number of new neurons and axon area but also minimized the area of the cystic cavity and glial scar and promoted neural circuit reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS The DPL- and NSC-laden electroactive hydrogel developed in this study is an ideal biomaterial for the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cui
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhiping Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, China.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China.
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5
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Smith MAA, Khot MI, Taccola S, Fry NR, Muhonen PL, Tipper JL, Jayne DG, Kay RW, Harris RA. A digitally driven manufacturing process for high resolution patterning of cell formations. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:16. [PMID: 37084116 PMCID: PMC10121500 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the engineering and validation of an enabling technology that facilitates new capabilities in in vitro cell models for high-throughput screening and tissue engineering applications. This is conducted through a computerized system that allows the design and deposition of high-fidelity microscale patterned coatings that selectively alter the chemical and topographical properties of cell culturing surfaces. Significantly, compared to alternative methods for microscale surface patterning, this is a digitally controlled and automated process thereby allowing scientists to rapidly create and explore an almost infinite range of cell culture patterns. This new capability is experimentally validated across six different cell lines demonstrating how the precise microscale deposition of these patterned coatings can influence spatiotemporal growth and movement of endothelial, fibroblast, neuronal and macrophage cells. To further demonstrate this platform, more complex patterns are then created and shown to guide the behavioral response of colorectal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A A Smith
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M Ibrahim Khot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Silvia Taccola
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicholas R Fry
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pirkko L Muhonen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joanne L Tipper
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David G Jayne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robert W Kay
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Russell A Harris
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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6
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Cao D, Martinez JG, Anada R, Hara ES, Kamioka H, Jager EWH. Electrochemical control of bone microstructure on electroactive surfaces for modulation of stem cells and bone tissue engineering. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2183710. [PMID: 36926200 PMCID: PMC10013253 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2183710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling stem cell behavior at the material interface is crucial for the development of novel technologies in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The composition and presentation of bio-factors on a surface strongly influence the activity of stem cells. Herein, we designed an electroactive surface that mimics the initial process of trabecular bone formation, by immobilizing chondrocyte-derived plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs) on its surface for rapid mineralization within 2 days. Moreover, the electroactive surface was based on the conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy), which enabled dynamic control of the presentation of PMNFs on the surface via electrochemical redox switching, further resulting in the formation of bone minerals with different morphologies. Furthermore, bone minerals with contrasting surface morphologies had differential effects on the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs) cultured on the surface. Together, this electroactive surface showed multifunctional characteristics, not only allowing dynamic control of PMNF presentation but also promoting the formation of bone minerals with different morphologies within 2 days. This electroactive substrate could be valuable for more precise control of stem cell growth and differentiation, and further development of more suitable microenvironments containing bone apatite for housing a bone marrow stem cell niche, such as biochips/bone-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Cao
- Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jose G. Martinez
- Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Risa Anada
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Dental School, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Dental School, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Edwin W. H. Jager
- Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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7
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Mahdavi SS, Abdekhodaie MJ. Engineered conducting polymer-based scaffolds for cell release and capture. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2060219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sharareh Mahdavi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad J. Abdekhodaie
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Pitsalidis C, Pappa AM, Boys AJ, Fu Y, Moysidou CM, van Niekerk D, Saez J, Savva A, Iandolo D, Owens RM. Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4700-4790. [PMID: 34910876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous, label-free monitoring on one side and precise control of biological activity on the other has extended their application scope to in vitro systems. The advent of microfluidics and the considerable advances in reliability and complexity of in vitro models promise to eventually significantly reduce or replace animal studies, currently the gold standard in drug discovery and toxicology testing. Bioelectronics are anticipated to play a major role in this transition offering a much needed technology to push forward the drug discovery paradigm. Organic electronic materials, notably conjugated polymers, having demonstrated technological maturity in fields such as solar cells and light emitting diodes given their outstanding characteristics and versatility in processing, are the obvious route forward for bioelectronics due to their biomimetic nature, among other merits. This review highlights the advances in conjugated polymers for interfacing with biological tissue in vitro, aiming ultimately to develop next generation in vitro systems. We showcase in vitro interfacing across multiple length scales, involving biological models of varying complexity, from cell components to complex 3D cell cultures. The state of the art, the possibilities, and the challenges of conjugated polymers toward clinical translation of in vitro systems are also discussed throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Douglas van Niekerk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Donata Iandolo
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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9
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Capel AJ, Smith MAA, Taccola S, Pardo-Figuerez M, Rimington RP, Lewis MP, Christie SDR, Kay RW, Harris RA. Digitally Driven Aerosol Jet Printing to Enable Customisable Neuronal Guidance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:722294. [PMID: 34527674 PMCID: PMC8435718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.722294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Digitally driven manufacturing technologies such as aerosol jet printing (AJP) can make a significant contribution to enabling new capabilities in the field of tissue engineering disease modeling and drug screening. AJP is an emerging non-contact and mask-less printing process which has distinct advantages over other patterning technologies as it offers versatile, high-resolution, direct-write deposition of a variety of materials on planar and non-planar surfaces. This research demonstrates the ability of AJP to print digitally controlled patterns that influence neuronal guidance. These consist of patterned poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) tracks on both glass and poly(potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PKSPMA) coated glass surfaces, promoting selective adhesion of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The cell attractive patterns had a maximum height ≥0.2 μm, width and half height ≥15 μm, Ra = 3.5 nm, and RMS = 4.1. The developed biocompatible PEDOT:PSS ink was shown to promote adhesion, growth and differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. SH-SY5Y cells cultured directly onto these features exhibited increased nuclei and neuronal alignment on both substrates. In addition, the cell adhesion to the substrate was selective when cultured onto the PKSPMA surfaces resulting in a highly organized neural pattern. This demonstrated the ability to rapidly and flexibly realize intricate and accurate cell patterns by a computer controlled process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Capel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A A Smith
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Taccola
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Pardo-Figuerez
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan P Rimington
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert W Kay
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Russell A Harris
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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10
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Yin P, Liu Y, Xiao L, Zhang C. Advanced Metallic and Polymeric Coatings for Neural Interfacing: Structures, Properties and Tissue Responses. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2834. [PMID: 34451372 PMCID: PMC8401399 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural electrodes are essential for nerve signal recording, neurostimulation, neuroprosthetics and neuroregeneration, which are critical for the advancement of brain science and the establishment of the next-generation brain-electronic interface, central nerve system therapeutics and artificial intelligence. However, the existing neural electrodes suffer from drawbacks such as foreign body responses, low sensitivity and limited functionalities. In order to overcome the drawbacks, efforts have been made to create new constructions and configurations of neural electrodes from soft materials, but it is also more practical and economic to improve the functionalities of the existing neural electrodes via surface coatings. In this article, recently reported surface coatings for neural electrodes are carefully categorized and analyzed. The coatings are classified into different categories based on their chemical compositions, i.e., metals, metal oxides, carbons, conducting polymers and hydrogels. The characteristic microstructures, electrochemical properties and fabrication methods of the coatings are comprehensively presented, and their structure-property correlations are discussed. Special focus is given to the biocompatibilities of the coatings, including their foreign-body response, cell affinity, and long-term stability during implantation. This review article can provide useful and sophisticated insights into the functional design, material selection and structural configuration for the next-generation multifunctional coatings of neural electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (P.Y.); (L.X.)
| | | | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (P.Y.); (L.X.)
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11
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Liu Z, Wan X, Wang ZL, Li L. Electroactive Biomaterials and Systems for Cell Fate Determination and Tissue Regeneration: Design and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007429. [PMID: 34117803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including cell-cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of biochemical and biophysical cues for modulation of cell behaviors and tissue functions. Design of functional biomaterials to mimic the tissue/cell microenvironment have great potentials for tissue regeneration applications. Recently, electroactive biomaterials have drawn increasing attentions not only as scaffolds for cell adhesion and structural support, but also as modulators to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and function, especially for electrically excitable cells and tissues. More importantly, electrostimulation can further modulate a myriad of biological processes, from cell cycle, migration, proliferation and differentiation to neural conduction, muscle contraction, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration. In this review, endogenous bioelectricity and piezoelectricity are introduced. Then, design rationale of electroactive biomaterials is discussed for imitating dynamic cell microenvironment, as well as their mediated electrostimulation and the applying pathways. Recent advances in electroactive biomaterials are systematically overviewed for modulation of stem cell fate and tissue regeneration, mainly including nerve regeneration, bone tissue engineering, and cardiac tissue engineering. Finally, the significance for simulating the native tissue microenvironment is emphasized and the open challenges and future perspectives of electroactive biomaterials are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Wan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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12
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Kiefer R, Nguyen NT, Le QB, Anbarjafari G, Tamm T. Antagonist Concepts of Polypyrrole Actuators: Bending Hybrid Actuator and Mirrored Trilayer Linear Actuator. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060861. [PMID: 33799659 PMCID: PMC7999340 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the natural muscle antagonist actuation principle, different adaptations for "artificial muscles" are introduced in this work. Polypyrrole (PPy) films of different polymerization techniques (potentiostatic and galvanostatic) were analyzed and their established responses were combined in several ways, resulting in beneficial actuation modes. A consecutive "one-pot" electrosynthesis of two layers with the different deposition regimes resulted in an all-PPy bending hybrid actuator. While in most cases the mixed-ion activity of conductive polymers has been considered a problem or a drawback, here for the first time, the nearly equal expansions upon oxidation and reduction of carefully selected conditions further allowed to fabricate a "mirrored" trilayer laminate, which behaved as a linear actuator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Kiefer
- Conducting Polymers in Composites and Applications Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ngoc Tuan Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Quoc Bao Le
- Conducting Polymers in Composites and Applications Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | | | - Tarmo Tamm
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
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13
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Guette-Marquet S, Roques C, Bergel A. Theoretical analysis of the electrochemical systems used for the application of direct current/voltage stimuli on cell cultures. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 139:107737. [PMID: 33494030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous electric fields drive many essential functions relating to cell proliferation, motion, differentiation and tissue development. They are usually mimicked in vitro by using electrochemical systems to apply direct current or voltage stimuli to cell cultures. The many studies devoted to this topic have given rise to a wide variety of experimental systems, whose results are often difficult to compare. Here, these systems are analysed from an electrochemical standpoint to help harmonize protocols and facilitate optimal understanding of the data produced. The theoretical analysis of single-electrode systems shows the necessity of measuring the Nernst potential of the electrode and of discussing the results on this basis rather than using the value of the potential gradient. The paper then emphasizes the great complexity that can arise when high cell voltage is applied to a single electrode, because of the possible occurrence of anode and cathode sites. An analysis of two-electrode systems leads to the advice to change experimental practices by applying current instead of voltage. It also suggests that the values of electric fields reported so far may have been considerably overestimated in macro-sized devices. It would consequently be wise to revisit this area by testing considerably lower electric field values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guette-Marquet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Bergel
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Gelmi A, Schutt CE. Stimuli-Responsive Biomaterials: Scaffolds for Stem Cell Control. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001125. [PMID: 32996270 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell fate is closely intertwined with microenvironmental and endogenous cues within the body. Recapitulating this dynamic environment ex vivo can be achieved through engineered biomaterials which can respond to exogenous stimulation (including light, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and magnetic fields) to deliver temporal and spatial cues to stem cells. These stimuli-responsive biomaterials can be integrated into scaffolds to investigate stem cell response in vitro and in vivo, and offer many pathways of cellular manipulation: biochemical cues, scaffold property changes, drug release, mechanical stress, and electrical signaling. The aim of this review is to assess and discuss the current state of exogenous stimuli-responsive biomaterials, and their application in multipotent stem cell control. Future perspectives in utilizing these biomaterials for personalized tissue engineering and directing organoid models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gelmi
- School of Science College of Science, Engineering and Health RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Carolyn E. Schutt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Knight Cancer Institute Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR) Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR 97201 USA
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15
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Saeb MR, Shojaei S, Zarrin NK, Thomas S, Ramakrishna S. Conductive Biomaterials as Substrates for Neural Stem Cells Differentiation towards Neuronal Lineage Cells. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000123. [PMID: 33015992 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The injuries and defects in the central nervous system are the causes of disability and death of an affected person. As of now, there are no clinically available methods to enhance neural structural regeneration and functional recovery of nerve injuries. Recently, some experimental studies claimed that the injuries in brain can be repaired by progenitor or neural stem cells located in the neurogenic sites of adult mammalian brain. Various attempts have been made to construct biomimetic physiological microenvironment for neural stem cells to control their ultimate fate. Conductive materials have been considered as one the best choices for nerve regeneration due to the capacity to mimic the microenvironment of stem cells and regulate the alignment, growth, and differentiation of neural stem cells. The review highlights the use of conductive biomaterials, e.g., polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), multi-walled carbon nanotubes, single-wall carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite oxide, for controlling the neural stem cells activities in terms of proliferation and neuronal differentiation. The effects of conductive biomaterials in axon elongation and synapse formation for optimal repair of central nervous system injuries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research CentreFaculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran
| | | | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Stem Cells Research CenterTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Negin Khaneh Zarrin
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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16
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Harjo M, Järvekülg M, Tamm T, Otero TF, Kiefer R. Concept of an artificial muscle design on polypyrrole nanofiber scaffolds. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232851. [PMID: 32392238 PMCID: PMC7213722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present the synthesis and characterization of two new conducting materials having a high electro-chemo-mechanical activity for possible applications as artificial muscles or soft smart actuators in biomimetic structures. Glucose-gelatin nanofiber scaffolds (CFS) were coated with polypyrrole (PPy) first by chemical polymerization followed by electrochemical polymerization doped with dodecylbenzensulfonate (DBS-) forming CFS-PPy/DBS films, or with trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3-, TF) giving CFS-PPy/TF films. The composition, electronic and ionic conductivity of the materials were determined using different techniques. The electro-chemo-mechanical characterization of the films was carried out by cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps in bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium solutions of propylene carbonate (LiTFSI-PC). Linear actuation of the CFS-PPy/DBS material exhibited 20% of strain variation with a stress of 0.14 MPa, rather similar to skeletal muscles. After 1000 cycles, the creeping effect was as low as 0,2% having a good long-term stability showing a strain variation per cycle of -1.8% (after 1000 cycles). Those material properties are excellent for future technological applications as artificial muscles, batteries, smart membranes, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madis Harjo
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Järvekülg
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tarmo Tamm
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toribio F. Otero
- Centre for Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials (CEMI), Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rudolf Kiefer
- Conducting polymers in composites and applications Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
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17
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Sapurina IY, Matrenichev VV, Vlasova EN, Shishov MA, Ivan’kova EM, Dobrovolskaya IP, Yudin VE. Synthesis and Properties of a Conducting Material Based on Hybrid Nanofibers of Aliphatic Copolyamide and Polypyrrole. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009042001008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Bhattarai DP, Hwang TI, Kim JI, Lee JH, Chun S, Kim BS, Park CH, Kim CS. Synthesis of polypyrrole nanorods via sacrificial removal of aluminum oxide nanopore template: A study on cell viability, electrical stimulation and neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 107:110325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Electrical stimulation affects neural stem cell fate and function in vitro. Exp Neurol 2019; 319:112963. [PMID: 31125549 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has been applied in cell culture system to enhance neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, neuronal differentiation, migration, and integration. According to the mechanism of its function, ES can be classified into induced electrical (EFs) and electromagnetic fields (EMFs). EFs guide axonal growth and induce directional cell migration, whereas EMFs promote neurogenesis and facilitates NSCs to differentiate into functional neurons. Conductive nanomaterials have been used as functional scaffolds to provide mechanical support and biophysical cues in guiding neural cell growth and differentiation and building complex neural tissue patterns. Nanomaterials may have a combined effect of topographical and electrical cues on NSC migration and differentiation. Electrical cues may promote NSC neurogenesis via specific ion channel activation, such as SCN1α and CACNA1C. To accelerate the future application of ES in preclinical research, we summarized the specific setting, such as current frequency, intensity, and stimulation duration used in various ES devices, as well as the nanomaterials involved, in this review with the possible mechanisms elucidated. This review can be used as a checklist for ES work in stem cell research to enhance the translational process of NSCs in clinical application.
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20
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Zeglio E, Rutz AL, Winkler TE, Malliaras GG, Herland A. Conjugated Polymers for Assessing and Controlling Biological Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806712. [PMID: 30861237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic bioelectronics is advancing rapidly in the development of materials and devices to precisely monitor and control biological signals. Electronics and biology can interact on multiple levels: organs, complex tissues, cells, cell membranes, proteins, and even small molecules. Compared to traditional electronic materials such as metals and inorganic semiconductors, conjugated polymers (CPs) have several key advantages for biological interactions: tunable physiochemical properties, adjustable form factors, and mixed conductivity (ionic and electronic). Herein, the use of CPs in five biologically oriented research topics, electrophysiology, tissue engineering, drug release, biosensing, and molecular bioelectronics, is discussed. In electrophysiology, implantable devices with CP coating or CP-only electrodes are showing improvements in signal performance and tissue interfaces. CP-based scaffolds supply highly favorable static or even dynamic interfaces for tissue engineering. CPs also enable delivery of drugs through a variety of mechanisms and form factors. For biosensing, CPs offer new possibilities to incorporate biological sensing elements in a conducting matrix. Molecular bioelectronics is today used to incorporate (opto)electronic functions in living tissue. Under each topic, the limits of the utility of CPs are discussed and, overall, the major challenges toward implementation of CPs and their devices to real-world applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zeglio
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra L Rutz
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Thomas E Winkler
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Anna Herland
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Hosoyama K, Ahumada M, Goel K, Ruel M, Suuronen EJ, Alarcon EI. Electroconductive materials as biomimetic platforms for tissue regeneration. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:444-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Chemical and Electrochemical Synthesis of Polypyrrole Using Carrageenan as a Dopant: Polypyrrole/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10060632. [PMID: 30966666 PMCID: PMC6403922 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, iota-carrageenan (IC) and kappa-carrageenan (KC) are used as dopants for the chemical and electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy). The composites of chemically synthesized PPy with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared using an in situ technique. Both the dialyzed and non-dialyzed IC and KC were used as dopants for electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole. Chemically synthesized PPy and PPy/MWNTs composites were studied by ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra to investigate the effect of the concentration and the incorporation of MWNTs. In addition, the electrical, thermal, mechanical, and microscopic characterizations of these films were performed to examine the effect of the dopants and MWNTs on these properties, along with their surface morphology. The films of electrochemically polymerized PPy were characterized using UV-Vis absorption spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results were then compared with the chemical polymerized PPy.
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23
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Puckert C, Tomaskovic-Crook E, Gambhir S, Wallace GG, Crook JM, Higgins MJ. Electro-mechano responsive properties of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel on conducting polymer electrodes quantified using atomic force microscopy. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4761-4772. [PMID: 28653073 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00335h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of hydrogels has been performed to enable micro-actuation or controlled movement of ions and biomolecules such as in drug release applications. Hydrogels are also increasingly used as low modulus, biocompatible coatings on electrode devices and thus are exposed to the effects of electrical stimulation. As such, there is growing interest in the latter, especially on the dynamic and nanoscale physical properties of hydrogels. Here, we report on the electro-mechano properties of photocrosslinkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel applied as coatings on conducting polymer polypyrrole-dodecylbenze sulfonate (PPy-DBSA) electrodes. In particular, Electrochemical-Atomic Force Microscopy (EC-AFM) was used to quantify the nanoscale actuation and dynamic changes in Young's modulus as the GelMA coating was electrically stimulated via the underlying PPy-DBSA electrode. Pulsed electrical stimulation was shown to induce dynamic expansion and contraction, or nanoscale actuation, of the GelMA hydrogel due to the reversible ingress of electrolyte ions and associated changes in osmotic pressure during oxidation and reduction of the PPy-DBSA film. In addition, dynamic changes in the Young's modulus of up to 50% were observed in the hydrogel and correlated with the actuation process and ion diffusion during oxidation and reduction of the underlying PPy-DBSA film. These dynamic properties were investigated for hydrogels with varying degrees of cross-linking, porosity and modulus, the latter ranging from ≈0.2-1 kPa. The study demonstrates an AFM-based approach to quantify the dynamic physical properties of hydrogels, which are shown to be modulated via electrical stimulation. This can enable a better understanding of the electro-mechano mechanisms that are important for the controlled release of drugs or controlling cell interactions at the hydrogel-cell interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Puckert
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Eva Tomaskovic-Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Sanjeev Gambhir
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Jeremy M Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia and Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Michael J Higgins
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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24
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Golabi M, Padiolleau L, Chen X, Jafari MJ, Sheikhzadeh E, Turner APF, Jager EWH, Beni V. Doping Polypyrrole Films with 4-N-Pentylphenylboronic Acid to Enhance Affinity towards Bacteria and Dopamine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166548. [PMID: 27875555 PMCID: PMC5119770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrate the use of a functional dopant as a fast and simple way to tune the chemical affinity and selectivity of polypyrrole films. More specifically, a boronic-functionalised dopant, 4-N-Pentylphenylboronic Acid (PBA), was used to provide to polypyrrole films with enhanced affinity towards diols. In order to prove the proposed concept, two model systems were explored: (i) the capture and the electrochemical detection of dopamine and (ii) the adhesion of bacteria onto surfaces. The chemisensor, based on overoxidised polypyrrole boronic doped film, was shown to have the ability to capture and retain dopamine, thus improving its detection; furthermore the chemisensor showed better sensitivity in comparison with overoxidised perchlorate doped films. The adhesion of bacteria, Deinococcus proteolyticus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, onto the boric doped polypyrrole film was also tested. The presence of the boronic group in the polypyrrole film was shown to favour the adhesion of sugar-rich bacterial cells when compared with a control film (Dodecyl benzenesulfonate (DBS) doped film) with similar morphological and physical properties. The presented single step synthesis approach is simple and fast, does not require the development and synthesis of functional monomers, and can be easily expanded to the electrochemical, and possibly chemical, fabrication of novel functional surfaces and interfaces with inherent pre-defined sensing and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Golabi
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Laurence Padiolleau
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Chen
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Javad Jafari
- Deptartment of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elham Sheikhzadeh
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anthony P. F. Turner
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Edwin W. H. Jager
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Valerio Beni
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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25
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The Regulation of Osteogenesis Using Electroactive Polypyrrole Films. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8070258. [PMID: 30974534 PMCID: PMC6432326 DOI: 10.3390/polym8070258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of electrical conductivity of biomaterials on osteogenesis, polypyrrole (PPy) was fabricated by oxidative chemical polymerization as substrates for cell culture. Through adjusting the concentrations of monomer and initiator, polypyrrole films with different electrical conductivities were fabricated. These fabricated polypyrrole films are transparent enough for easy optical microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and four-point probe were used to assess the microstructures, surface chemical compositions and electrical sheet resistance of films, respectively. Results indicate that higher monomer and initiator concentration leads to highly-branched PPy chains and thus promotes the electron mobility and electrical conductivity. Selected polypyrrole films then were applied for culturing rat bone marrow stromal cells. Cell viability and mineralization assays reveal that not only these films are biocompatible, but also capable of enhancing the calcium deposition into the extra cellular matrix by the differentiated cells.
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26
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He Z, Zhang S, Song Q, Li W, Liu D, Li H, Tang M, Chai R. The structural development of primary cultured hippocampal neurons on a graphene substrate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:442-51. [PMID: 27395037 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of graphene-based nanomaterials as a neural interfacing material for neural repair and regeneration remains poorly understood. In the present study, the response to the graphene substrate by neurons was determined in a hippocampal culture model. The results revealed the growth and maturation of hippocampal cultures on graphene substrates were significantly improved compared to the commercial control. In details, graphene promoted growth cone growth and microtubule formation inside filopodia 24h after seeding as evidenced by a higher average number of filopodia emerging from growth cones, a longer average length of filopodia, and a larger growth cone area. Graphene also significantly boosted neurite sprouting and outgrowth. The dendritic length, the number of branch points, and the dendritic complex index were significantly improved on the graphene substrate during culture. Moreover, the spine density was enhanced and the maturation of dendritic spines from thin to stubby spines was significantly promoted on graphene at 21 days after seeding. Lastly, graphene significantly elevated the synapse density and synaptic activity in the hippocampal cultures. The present study highlights graphene's potential as a neural interfacing material for neural repair and regeneration and sheds light on the future biomedical applications of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong He
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qin Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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27
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Gelmi A, Cieslar‐Pobuda A, de Muinck E, Los M, Rafat M, Jager EWH. Direct Mechanical Stimulation of Stem Cells: A Beating Electromechanically Active Scaffold for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1471-80. [PMID: 27126086 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The combination of stem cell therapy with a supportive scaffold is a promising approach to improving cardiac tissue engineering. Stem cell therapy can be used to repair nonfunctioning heart tissue and achieve myocardial regeneration, and scaffold materials can be utilized in order to successfully deliver and support stem cells in vivo. Current research describes passive scaffold materials; here an electroactive scaffold that provides electrical, mechanical, and topographical cues to induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPS) is presented. The poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) fiber scaffold coated with conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) is capable of delivering direct electrical and mechanical stimulation to the iPS. The electroactive scaffolds demonstrate no cytotoxic effects on the iPS as well as an increased expression of cardiac markers for both stimulated and unstimulated protocols. This study demonstrates the first application of PPy as a supportive electroactive material for iPS and the first development of a fiber scaffold capable of dynamic mechanical actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gelmi
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Artur Cieslar‐Pobuda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Division of Cell Biology Linköping University Hospital 581 85 Linköping Sweden
| | - Ebo de Muinck
- Department of Cardiology Linköping University Hospital 581 85 Linköping Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Division of Cardiovascular Medicine 581 85 Linköping Sweden
| | - Marek Los
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Division of Cell Biology Linköping University Hospital 581 85 Linköping Sweden
| | - Mehrdad Rafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Linkoping University 581 85 Linköping Sweden
| | - Edwin W. H. Jager
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden
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Puckert C, Gelmi A, Ljunggren MK, Rafat M, Jager EWH. Optimisation of conductive polymer biomaterials for cardiac progenitor cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterisation of biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering applications is vital for the development of effective treatments for the repair of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Puckert
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83
- Sweden
| | - A. Gelmi
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83
- Sweden
| | - M. K. Ljunggren
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 85
- Sweden
| | - M. Rafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 85
- Sweden
| | - E. W. H. Jager
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83
- Sweden
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29
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Quantifying Molecular-Level Cell Adhesion on Electroactive Conducting Polymers using Electrochemical-Single Cell Force Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13334. [PMID: 26335299 PMCID: PMC4558606 DOI: 10.1038/srep13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Single Cell Force Spectroscopy was combined with Electrochemical-AFM to quantify the adhesion between live single cells and conducting polymers whilst simultaneously applying a voltage to electrically switch the polymer from oxidized to reduced states. The cell-conducting polymer adhesion represents the non-specific interaction between cell surface glycocalyx molecules and polymer groups such as sulfonate and dodecylbenzene groups, which rearrange their orientation during electrical switching. Single cell adhesion significantly increases as the polymer is switched from an oxidized to fully reduced state, indicating stronger cell binding to sulfonate groups as opposed to hydrophobic groups. This increase in single cell adhesion is concomitant with an increase in surface hydrophilicity and uptake of cell media, driven by cation movement, into the polymer film during electrochemical reduction. Binding forces between the glycocalyx and polymer surface are indicative of molecular-level interactions and during electrical stimulation there is a decrease in both the binding force and stiffness of the adhesive bonds. The study provides insight into the effects of electrochemical switching on cell adhesion at the cell-conducting polymer interface and is more broadly applicable to elucidating the binding of cell adhesion molecules in the presence of electrical fields and directly at electrode interfaces.
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30
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Tsai Y, Cutts J, Kimura A, Varun D, Brafman DA. A chemically defined substrate for the expansion and neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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31
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Pires F, Ferreira Q, Rodrigues CA, Morgado J, Ferreira FC. Neural stem cell differentiation by electrical stimulation using a cross-linked PEDOT substrate: Expanding the use of biocompatible conjugated conductive polymers for neural tissue engineering. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1158-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Khan F, Tanaka M, Ahmad SR. Fabrication of polymeric biomaterials: a strategy for tissue engineering and medical devices. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8224-8249. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01370d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of biomaterials scaffolds using various methods and techniques is discussed, utilising biocompatible, biodegradable and stimuli-responsive polymers and their composites. This review covers the lithography and printing techniques, self-organisation and self-assembly methods for 3D structural scaffolds generation, and smart hydrogels, for tissue regeneration and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Khan
- Senior Polymer Chemist
- ECOSE-Biopolymer
- Knauf Insulation Limited
- St. Helens
- UK
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Biomaterials Science Group
- Department of Biochemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa
| | - Sheikh Rafi Ahmad
- Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy
- CDS
- DEAS
- Cranfield University
- Swindon
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33
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Harris AR, Molino PJ, Kapsa RMI, Clark GM, Paolini AG, Wallace GG. Optical and Electrochemical Methods for Determining the Effective Area and Charge Density of Conducting Polymer Modified Electrodes for Neural Stimulation. Anal Chem 2014; 87:738-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503733s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Harris
- School of Psychological
Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Paul J. Molino
- Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Robert M. I. Kapsa
- Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department
of Neurosciences, St. Vincents Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Graeme M. Clark
- School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Antonio G. Paolini
- Health Innovations Research
Institute, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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34
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Stewart E, Kobayashi NR, Higgins MJ, Quigley AF, Jamali S, Moulton SE, Kapsa RMI, Wallace GG, Crook JM. Electrical stimulation using conductive polymer polypyrrole promotes differentiation of human neural stem cells: a biocompatible platform for translational neural tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 21:385-93. [PMID: 25296166 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive polymers (CPs) are organic materials that hold great promise for biomedicine. Potential applications include in vitro or implantable electrodes for excitable cell recording and stimulation and conductive scaffolds for cell support and tissue engineering. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of electroactive CP polypyrrole (PPy) containing the anionic dopant dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) to differentiate novel clinically relevant human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Electrical stimulation of PPy(DBS) induced hNSCs to predominantly β-III Tubulin (Tuj1) expressing neurons, with lower induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressing glial cells. In addition, stimulated cultures comprised nodes or clusters of neurons with longer neurites and greater branching than unstimulated cultures. Cell clusters showed a similar spatial distribution to regions of higher conductivity on the film surface. Our findings support the use of electrical stimulation to promote neuronal induction and the biocompatibility of PPy(DBS) with hNSCs and opens up the possibility of identifying novel mechanisms of fate determination of differentiating human stem cells for advanced in vitro modeling, translational drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Stewart
- 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong , Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, Australia
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35
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Jin G, Li K. The electrically conductive scaffold as the skeleton of stem cell niche in regenerative medicine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 45:671-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Fattahi P, Yang G, Kim G, Abidian MR. A review of organic and inorganic biomaterials for neural interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1846-85. [PMID: 24677434 PMCID: PMC4373558 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated wide interest in applying nanomaterials for neural prostheses. An ideal neural interface should create seamless integration into the nervous system and performs reliably for long periods of time. As a result, many nanoscale materials not originally developed for neural interfaces become attractive candidates to detect neural signals and stimulate neurons. In this comprehensive review, an overview of state-of-the-art microelectrode technologies provided fi rst, with focus on the material properties of these microdevices. The advancements in electro active nanomaterials are then reviewed, including conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon nanowires, and hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials, for neural recording, stimulation, and growth. Finally, technical and scientific challenges are discussed regarding biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch, and electrical properties faced by these nanomaterials for the development of long-lasting functional neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Fattahi
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Chemical Engineering Departments, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gloria Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Department, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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37
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Some biocompatibility aspects of conducting polymer polypyrrole evaluated with bone marrow-derived stem cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Gelmi A, Ljunggren MK, Rafat M, Jager EWH. Influence of conductive polymer doping on the viability of cardiac progenitor cells. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3860-3867. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the influence of conductive polymer dopants on surface properties and chemistry, and how they may modify cardiac progenitor cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gelmi
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - M. K. Ljunggren
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - M. Rafat
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 85, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - E. W. H. Jager
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83, Sweden
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39
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Hu WW, Hsu YT, Cheng YC, Li C, Ruaan RC, Chien CC, Chung CA, Tsao CW. Electrical stimulation to promote osteogenesis using conductive polypyrrole films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 37:28-36. [PMID: 24582219 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an electrical cell culture and monitoring device. Polypyrrole (PPy) films with different resistances were fabricated as conductive surfaces to investigate the effect of substrate-mediated electrical stimulation. The physical and chemical properties of the devices, as well as their biocompatibilities, were thoroughly evaluated. These PPy films had a dark but transparent appearance, on which the surface cells could be easily observed. After treating with the osteogenic medium, rat bone marrow stromal cells cultured on the PPy films differentiated into osteoblasts. The cells grown on the PPy films had up-regulated osteogenic markers, and an alkaline phosphatase activity assay showed that the PPy films accelerated cell differentiation. Alizarin red staining and calcium analysis suggested that the PPy films promoted osteogenesis. Finally, PPy films were subjected to a constant electric field to elucidate the effect of electrical stimulation on osteogenesis. Compared with the untreated group, electrical stimulation improved calcium deposition in the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, PPy films with lower resistances allowed larger currents to stimulate the surface cells, which resulted in higher levels of mineralization. Overall, these results indicated that this system exhibited superior electroactivity with controllable electrical resistance and that it can be coated directly to produce medical devices with a transparent appearance, which should be beneficial for research on electrical stimulation for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Ruoh-Chyu Ruaan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, Sijhih City, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ang Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
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40
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Mindroiu M, Ion R, Pirvu C, Cimpean A. Surfactant-dependent macrophage response to polypyrrole-based coatings electrodeposited on Ti6Al7Nb alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3353-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Fine D, Grattoni A, Goodall R, Bansal SS, Chiappini C, Hosali S, van de Ven AL, Srinivasan S, Liu X, Godin B, Brousseau L, Yazdi IK, Fernandez-Moure J, Tasciotti E, Wu HJ, Hu Y, Klemm S, Ferrari M. Silicon micro- and nanofabrication for medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:632-66. [PMID: 23584841 PMCID: PMC3777663 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript constitutes a review of several innovative biomedical technologies fabricated using the precision and accuracy of silicon micro- and nanofabrication. The technologies to be reviewed are subcutaneous nanochannel drug delivery implants for the continuous tunable zero-order release of therapeutics, multi-stage logic embedded vectors for the targeted systemic distribution of both therapeutic and imaging contrast agents, silicon and porous silicon nanowires for investigating cellular interactions and processes as well as for molecular and drug delivery applications, porous silicon (pSi) as inclusions into biocomposites for tissue engineering, especially as it applies to bone repair and regrowth, and porous silica chips for proteomic profiling. In the case of the biocomposites, the specifically designed pSi inclusions not only add to the structural robustness, but can also promote tissue and bone regrowth, fight infection, and reduce pain by releasing stimulating factors and other therapeutic agents stored within their porous network. The common material thread throughout all of these constructs, silicon and its associated dielectrics (silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, etc.), can be precisely and accurately machined using the same scalable micro- and nanofabrication protocols that are ubiquitous within the semiconductor industry. These techniques lend themselves to the high throughput production of exquisitely defined and monodispersed nanoscale features that should eliminate architectural randomness as a source of experimental variation thereby potentially leading to more rapid clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fine
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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42
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Vaitkuviene A, Kaseta V, Voronovic J, Ramanauskaite G, Biziuleviciene G, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of polypyrrole nanoparticles synthesized by oxidative polymerization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 250-251:167-174. [PMID: 23454454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (Ppy) is known as biocompatible material, which is used in some diverse biomedical applications and seeming to be a very promising for advanced biotechnological applications. In order to increase our understanding about biocompatibility of Ppy, in this study pure Ppy nanoparticles (Ppy-NPs) of fixed size and morphology were prepared by one-step oxidative polymerization and their cyto-compatibility was evaluated. The impact of different concentration of Ppy nanoparticles on primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), mouse hepatoma cell line (MH-22A), and human T lymphocyte Jurkat cell line was investigated. Cell morphology, viability/proliferation after the treatment by Ppy nanoparticles was evaluated. Obtained results showed that Ppy nanoparticles at low concentrations are biocompatible, while at high concentrations they became cytotoxic for Jurkat, MEF and MH-22A cells, and it was found that cytotoxic effect is dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Vaitkuviene
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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43
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Greco F, Fujie T, Ricotti L, Taccola S, Mazzolai B, Mattoli V. Microwrinkled conducting polymer interface for anisotropic multicellular alignment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:573-584. [PMID: 23273113 DOI: 10.1021/am301908w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces with controlled micro and nanoscale topographical cues are useful as smart scaffolds and biointerfaces for cell culture. Recently, use of thin-film and surface wrinkling is emerging as a rapid unconventional method for preparing topographically patterned surfaces, especially suited for the production of smart patterns over large area surfaces. On the other hand, there is an increasing interest in employing conducting polymers as soft, biocompatible, conductive biointerfaces or as parts of bioelectronic devices. A novel convenient and versatile method is presented for producing anisotropic topographical cues at the micro- and nanoscale on conducting polymer surfaces. Micro and nanowrinkles were formed during the heat-shrinking process of a thermo-retractable polystyrene substrate. Surface wrinkling was due to the mismatch between the mechanical properties of a conducting polymer ultrathin film and the substrate. Various geometries of wrinkled structures were prepared, demonstrating the tunability of topography depending on the thickness of the conductive film. A method for patterning the conductive properties of the wrinkled substrates was also presented. Such surfaces acted as smart scaffolds for the functional alignment of cells, envisioning their electrical stimulation. Cell adhesion and proliferation were evaluated, comparing different topographies, and a preferential anisotropic alignment of C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells along wrinkles was demonstrated. The observed trends were also confirmed concerning the formation of aligned myotubes in C2C12 differentiation stage. Furthermore, improved results in terms of aligned and mature myotube formation were obtained by co-culturing C2C12 cells with a fibroblasts feeder layer. The combination of living cells and tunable conductive nanowrinkles will represent a unique tool for the development of innovative biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Greco
- Center for MicroBioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
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44
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Serra Moreno J, Sabbieti MG, Agas D, Marchetti L, Panero S. Polysaccharides immobilized in polypyrrole matrices are able to induce osteogenic differentiation in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:989-99. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Serra Moreno
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | | | - Dimitrios Agas
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | - Luigi Marchetti
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | - Stefania Panero
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
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45
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Byers JC, O'Neil KD, Semenikhin OA. Directed differentiation of embryonic P19 cells and neural stem cells into neural lineage on conducting PEDOT-PEG and ITO glass substrates. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 528:21-31. [PMID: 22944870 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of pluripotent and lineage restricted stem cells such as neural stem cells (NSCs) was studied on conducting substrates of various nature without perturbation of the genome with exogenous genetic material or chemical stimuli. Primary mouse adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and P19 pluripotent embryonal (P19 EC) carcinoma cells were used. Expression levels of neuronal markers β-III-tubulin and neurofilament were evaluated by immunochemistry and flow cytometry. It was shown that the ability of the substrate to induce differentiation directly correlated with its conductivity. Conducting substrates (conducting oxides or doped π-conjugated organic polymers) with different morphology, structure, and conductivity mechanisms all promoted differentiation of NSC and P19 cells into neuronal lineage to a similar degree without use of additional factors such as poly-L-ornithine coating or retinoic acid, as verified by their morphology and upregulation of the neuronal markers but not astrocyte marker GFAP. However, substrates with low conductance below ca. 10(-4) S cm(-2) did not show this ability. Morphology of differentiating cells was visualized by atomic force microscopy. NSCs cells increased β-III-tubulin expression by 95% and P19 cells by over 30%. Our results suggest that the substrate conductivity is a key factor governing the cell fate. Differentiation of P19 cells into neuronal lineage on conducting substrates was attributed to downregualtion of Akt signaling pathway and increase in expression of dual oxidase 1 (DUOX 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.
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46
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Muskovich M, Bettinger CJ. Biomaterials-based electronics: polymers and interfaces for biology and medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:248-66. [PMID: 23184740 PMCID: PMC3642371 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advanced polymeric biomaterials continue to serve as a cornerstone for new medical technologies and therapies. The vast majority of these materials, both natural and synthetic, interact with biological matter in the absence of direct electronic communication. However, biological systems have evolved to synthesize and utilize naturally-derived materials for the generation and modulation of electrical potentials, voltage gradients, and ion flows. Bioelectric phenomena can be translated into potent signaling cues for intra- and inter-cellular communication. These cues can serve as a gateway to link synthetic devices with biological systems. This progress report will provide an update on advances in the application of electronically active biomaterials for use in organic electronics and bio-interfaces. Specific focus will be granted to covering technologies where natural and synthetic biological materials serve as integral components such as thin film electronics, in vitro cell culture models, and implantable medical devices. Future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Muskovich
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Christopher J. Bettinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
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47
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Zhang N, Kohn DH. Using polymeric materials to control stem cell behavior for tissue regeneration. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2012; 96:63-81. [PMID: 22457178 PMCID: PMC5538808 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with organ failure often suffer from increased morbidity and decreased quality of life. Current strategies of treating organ failure have limitations, including shortage of donor organs, low efficiency of grafts, and immunological problems. Tissue engineering emerged about two decades ago as a strategy to restore organ function with a living, functional engineered substitute. However, the ability to engineer a functional organ is limited by a limited understanding of the interactions between materials and cells that are required to yield functional tissue equivalents. Polymeric materials are one of the most promising classes of materials for use in tissue engineering, due to their biodegradability, flexibility in processing and property design, and the potential to use polymer properties to control cell function. Stem cells offer potential in tissue engineering because of their unique capacity to self-renew and differentiate into neurogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic lineages under appropriate stimuli from extracellular components. This review examines recent advances in stem cell-polymer interactions for tissue regeneration, specifically highlighting control of polymer properties to direct adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells, and how biomaterials can be designed to provide some of the stimuli to cells that the natural extracellular matrix does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianli Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, USA
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