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Editorial Note: Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and the DNA Damage Response: pATM Expression Patterns in Pre-Malignant and Malignant Keratinocyte Skin Lesions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303120. [PMID: 38696417 PMCID: PMC11065302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
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Choi W, Park JKH, Song SG, Kim BK. Next-generation sequencing study on poorly differentiated carcinoma derived from a thirty-year-old epidermoid cyst: A case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1017624. [PMID: 37077824 PMCID: PMC10106615 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1017624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidermoid cysts are frequently seen as benign lesions, they are highly uncommon to develop into cancerous lesions. A 36-year-old man with a cystic mass present on his left flank since childhood presented to our department. Based on the patient’s medical history and abdominal computed tomography scan, we excised the lesion under the suspicion of an epidermoid cyst. Histopathological evaluation revealed the presence of poorly differentiated carcinoma with squamoid and basaloid differentiation, which showed a strong possibility of carcinoma arising from an epidermal cyst. Next-generation sequencing using TruSight oncology 500 assay showed copy number variation of ATM and CHEK1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kyu-hyung Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Joseph Kyu-hyung Park, ; Baek-kyu Kim,
| | - Seung Geun Song
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-kyu Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Joseph Kyu-hyung Park, ; Baek-kyu Kim,
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Scherthan H, Wagner SQ, Grundhöfer J, Matejka N, Müller J, Müller S, Rudigkeit S, Sammer M, Schoof S, Port M, Reindl J. Planar Proton Minibeam Irradiation Elicits Spatially Confined DNA Damage in a Human Epidermis Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061545. [PMID: 35326696 PMCID: PMC8946044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High doses of ionizing radiation in radiotherapy can elicit undesirable side effects to the skin. Proton minibeam radiotherapy (pMBRT) may circumvent such limitations due to tissue-sparing effects observed at the macro scale. Here, we mapped DNA damage dynamics in a 3D tissue context at the sub-cellular level. Methods: Epidermis models were irradiated with planar proton minibeams of 66 µm, 408 µm and 920 µm widths and inter-beam-distances of 2.5 mm at an average dose of 2 Gy using the scanning-ion-microscope SNAKE in Garching, GER. γ-H2AX + 53BP1 and cleaved-caspase-3 immunostaining revealed dsDNA damage and cell death, respectively, in time courses from 0.5 to 72 h after irradiation. Results: Focused 66 µm pMBRT induced sharply localized severe DNA damage (pan-γ-H2AX) in cells at the dose peaks, while damage in the dose valleys was similar to sham control. pMBRT with 408 µm and 920 µm minibeams induced DSB foci in all cells. At 72 h after irradiation, DNA damage had reached sham levels, indicating successful DNA repair. Increased frequencies of active-caspase-3 and pan-γ-H2AX-positive cells revealed incipient cell death at late time points. Conclusions: The spatially confined distribution of DNA damage appears to underlie the tissue-sparing effect after focused pMBRT. Thus, pMBRT may be the method of choice in radiotherapy to reduce side effects to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Stephanie-Quinta Wagner
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Jan Grundhöfer
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Nicole Matejka
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Jessica Müller
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Steffen Müller
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Sarah Rudigkeit
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Sammer
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarah Schoof
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthias Port
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Judith Reindl
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.R.)
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Holmes TR, Dindu S, Hansen LA. Aberrant localization of signaling proteins in skin cancer: Implications for treatment. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1631-1639. [PMID: 31062427 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant subcellular localization of signaling proteins can provide cancer cells with advantages such as resistance to apoptotic cell death, increased invasiveness and more rapid proliferation. Nuclear to cytoplasmic shifts in tumor-promoting proteins can lead to worse patient outcomes, providing opportunities to target cancer-specific processes. Herein, we review the significance of dysregulated protein localization with a focus on skin cancer. Altered localization of signaling proteins controlling cell cycle progression or cell death is a common feature of cancer. In some instances, aberrant subcellular localization results in an acquired prosurvival function. Taking advantage of this knowledge reveals novel targets useful in the development of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shravya Dindu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Laura A Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
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Hassan S, Purdie KJ, Wang J, Harwood CA, Proby CM, Pourreyron C, Mladkova N, Nagano A, Dhayade S, Athineos D, Caley M, Mannella V, Blyth K, Inman GJ, Leigh IM. A Unique Panel of Patient-Derived Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Provides a Preclinical Pathway for Therapeutic Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3428. [PMID: 31336867 PMCID: PMC6678499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) incidence continues to rise with increasing morbidity and mortality, with limited treatment options for advanced disease. Future improvements in targeted therapy will rely on advances in genomic/transcriptomic understanding and the use of model systems for basic research. We describe here the panel of 16 primary and metastatic cSCC cell lines developed and characterised over the past three decades in our laboratory in order to provide such a resource for future preclinical research and drug screening. METHODS Primary keratinocytes were isolated from cSCC tumours and metastases, and cell lines were established. These were characterised using short tandem repeat (STR) profiling and genotyped by whole exome sequencing. Multiple in vitro assays were performed to document their morphology, growth characteristics, migration and invasion characteristics, and in vivo xenograft growth. RESULTS STR profiles of the cSCC lines allow the confirmation of their unique identity. Phylogenetic trees derived from exome sequence analysis of the matched primary and metastatic lines provide insight into the genetic basis of disease progression. The results of in vivo and in vitro analyses allow researchers to select suitable cell lines for specific experimentation. CONCLUSIONS There are few well-characterised cSCC lines available for widespread preclinical experimentation and drug screening. The described cSCC cell line panel provides a critical tool for in vitro and in vivo experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakinah Hassan
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Karin J Purdie
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Barts Cancer Institute, QMUL, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Cancer, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Celine Pourreyron
- Division of Cancer, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Nikol Mladkova
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Barts Cancer Institute, QMUL, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sandeep Dhayade
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Matthew Caley
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Viviana Mannella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1GH, UK
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK.
- Division of Cancer, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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Chugh NA, Bansal MP, Koul A. The effect of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract on Early Stages of Chemically Induced Skin Cancer in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2018.1463932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashwani Koul
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Zilberg C, Lee MW, Yu B, Ashford B, Kraitsek S, Ranson M, Shannon K, Cowley M, Iyer NG, Palme CE, Ch'ng S, Low THH, O'Toole S, Clark JR, Gupta R. Analysis of clinically relevant somatic mutations in high-risk head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:275-287. [PMID: 28984303 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most prevalent malignancy, most frequently occurring in the head and neck (head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma). Treatment of locally advanced or metastatic disease is associated with functional morbidity and disfigurement. Underlying genetic mechanisms are poorly understood. Targeted sequencing of 48 clinically relevant genes was performed on DNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded high-risk primary head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas that remained non-metastatic at minimum follow-up of 24 months. Associations of somatic mutations with clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated and compared with those described in the literature for metastatic disease. Alterations in 44 cancer-associated genes were identified. TP53 was mutated in 100% of cases; APC, ATM, ERBB4, GNAQ, KIT, RB1 and ABL1 were altered in 60% of cases. FGFR2 mutations (40%) were exclusively seen in patients with perineural invasion. MLH1 mutations were exclusively seen in the two younger patients (<45 years). Lower incidences of NOTCH1 mutations were observed compared with that described in metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the literature. Somatic mutations susceptible to EGFR inhibitors, and other small molecular targeted therapeutics were seen in 60% of cases. This study provides insights into somatic mutations in non-metastatic, high-risk head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and identifies potential therapeutic targets. Alterations in FGFR2 and NOTCH1 may have roles in local and distant disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Zilberg
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Bing Yu
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD), Wollongong, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, Australia
| | - Spiridoula Kraitsek
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, Australia
| | - Kerwin Shannon
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Cowley
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Singhealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Center, National Cancer Center Singapore (NCCS), Singapore
| | - Carsten E Palme
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sydney Ch'ng
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tsu-Hui Hubert Low
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandra O'Toole
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Clark
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Figueras Nart I, Cerio R, Dirschka T, Dréno B, Lear JT, Pellacani G, Peris K, Ruiz de Casas A. Defining the actinic keratosis field: a literature review and discussion. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:544-563. [PMID: 29055153 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the chronic and increasingly prevalent nature of actinic keratosis (AK) and existing evidence supporting assessment of the entire cancerization field during clinical management, a standardized definition of the AK field to aid in the understanding and characterization of the disease is lacking. The objective of this review was to present and appraise the available evidence describing the AK cancerization field, with the aim of determining a precise definition of the AK field in terms of its molecular (including genetic and immunological), histological and clinical characteristics. Eight European dermatologists collaborated to conduct a review and expert appraisal of articles detailing the characteristics of the AK field. Articles published in English before August 2016 were identified using PubMed and independently selected for further assessment according to predefined preliminary inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, a retrospective audit of patients with AK was performed to define the AK field in clinical terms. A total of 32 review articles and 47 original research articles provided evidence of sun-induced molecular (including genetic and immunological) and histological skin changes in the sun-exposed area affected by AK. However, the available literature was deemed insufficient to inform a clinical definition of the AK field. During the retrospective audit, visible signs of sun damage in 40 patients with AK were assessed. Telangiectasia, atrophy and pigmentation disorders emerged as 'reliable or very reliable' indicators of AK field based on expert opinion, whereas 'sand paper' was deemed a 'moderately reliable' indicator. This literature review has revealed a significant gap of evidence to inform a clinical definition of the AK field. Therefore, the authors instead propose a clinical definition of field cancerization based on the identification of visible signs of sun damage that are reliable indicators of field cancerization based on expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Figueras Nart
- Department of Dermatology, Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Cerio
- Department of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, The Royal London Hospital and QMUL, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T Dirschka
- CentroDerm® Clinic, Wuppertal, Germany.,Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - B Dréno
- Department of Dermato-Cancerology, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J T Lear
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, MAHSC, Manchester University and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Infirmary, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - K Peris
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ruiz de Casas
- Dermatology Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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Differing tumor-suppressor functions of Arf and p53 in murine basal cell carcinoma initiation and progression. Oncogene 2017; 36:3772-3780. [PMID: 28263978 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) very frequently carry p53 mutations, and p53 loss markedly accelerates murine BCC carcinogenesis. We report here our studies of the mechanism by which p53 is activated to suppress BCC carcinogenesis. We find that aberrant hedgehog signaling in microscopic BCCs activates p53 in part via Arf (that is, the oncogene-induced stress pathway) but not via the DNA damage response pathway. However, Arf loss and p53 loss produce differing outcomes-loss of p53 promotes both tumor initiation and progression; loss of Arf promotes tumor progression but not initiation. Intriguingly, increased expression of Arf in tumor stromal cells, as in tumor keratinocytes themselves, contributes to suppression of BCC carcinogenesis.
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Cialfi S, Le Pera L, De Blasio C, Mariano G, Palermo R, Zonfrilli A, Uccelletti D, Palleschi C, Biolcati G, Barbieri L, Screpanti I, Talora C. The loss of ATP2C1 impairs the DNA damage response and induces altered skin homeostasis: Consequences for epidermal biology in Hailey-Hailey disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31567. [PMID: 27528123 PMCID: PMC4985699 DOI: 10.1038/srep31567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the Golgi Ca(2+)-ATPase ATP2C1 is associated with deregulated calcium homeostasis and altered skin function. ATP2C1 mutations have been identified as having a causative role in Hailey-Hailey disease, an autosomal-dominant skin disorder. Here, we identified ATP2C1 as a crucial regulator of epidermal homeostasis through the regulation of oxidative stress. Upon ATP2C1 inactivation, oxidative stress and Notch1 activation were increased in cultured human keratinocytes. Using RNA-seq experiments, we found that the DNA damage response (DDR) was consistently down-regulated in keratinocytes derived from the lesions of patients with Hailey-Hailey disease. Although oxidative stress activates the DDR, ATP2C1 inactivation down-regulates DDR gene expression. We showed that the DDR response was a major target of oxidative stress-induced Notch1 activation. Here, we show that this activation is functionally important because early Notch1 activation in keratinocytes induces keratinocyte differentiation and represses the DDR. These results indicate that an ATP2C1/NOTCH1 axis might be critical for keratinocyte function and cutaneous homeostasis, suggesting a plausible model for the pathological features of Hailey-Hailey disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Cialfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Le Pera
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo De Blasio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Germano Mariano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Azzurra Zonfrilli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Palleschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Barbieri
- Porphyria Center, San Gallicano Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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PACS-2 mediates the ATM and NF-κB-dependent induction of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL in response to DNA damage. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1448-57. [PMID: 26943323 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) promotes cell survival in response to genotoxic stress by inducing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins including Bcl-xL, which protects mitochondria from stress-induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Here we show that the multifunctional sorting protein Pacs-2 (phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein-2) is required for Bcl-xL induction following DNA damage in primary mouse thymocytes. Consequently, in response to DNA damage, Pacs-2(-/-) thymocytes exhibit a blunted induction of Bcl-xL, increased MOMP and accelerated apoptosis. Biochemical studies show that cytoplasmic PACS-2 promotes this DNA damage-induced anti-apoptotic pathway by interacting with ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) to drive NF-κB activation and induction of Bcl-xL. However, Pacs-2 was not required for tumor necrosis factor-α-induced NF-κB activation, suggesting a role for PACS-2 selectively in NF-κB activation in response to DNA damage. These findings identify PACS-2 as an in vivo mediator of the ATM and NF-κB-dependent induction of Bcl-xL that promotes cell survival in response to DNA damage.
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12
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Sánchez G, Nova J. Factores de riesgo de carcinoma espinocelular, un estudio del Centro Nacional de Dermatología de Colombia. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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13
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Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma, a study by the National Dermatology Centre of Colombia. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 104:672-8. [PMID: 23968667 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy in white individuals. The risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma, which belongs to the family of nonmelanoma skin cancers, have not been studied in Colombia. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma in patients at a national referral center for skin diseases in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study that evaluated sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical factors among 332 individuals. Risk was calculated as odds ratio (ORs) using the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis method. RESULTS The following risk factors were identified: family history of skin cancer (OR, 6.55; 95% CI, 1.4-28.9), living in a rural area after the age of 30 years (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.3-7.2), a lifetime working outdoors (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.5-5.7), smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.3-6.5), actinic conjunctivitis (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.2-5.9), poikiloderma of Civatte (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.7-6.1), numerous facial actinic keratoses (OR, 9.23; 95% CI, 4.9-17.1), and numerous freckles (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.3-10.1). CONCLUSIONS We have documented clinical characteristics and personal history factors that should guide the physician in making decisions on the preventive and follow-up measures to be adopted for individuals at risk of squamous cell carcinoma. These findings may help guide policy for controlling the disease using local information.
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Ferreira SA, Vasconcelos JLA, Silva RCWC, Cavalcanti CLB, Bezerra CL, Rêgo MJBM, Beltrão EIC. Expression patterns of α2,3-sialyltransferase I and α2,6-sialyltransferase I in human cutaneous epithelial lesions. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e7. [PMID: 23549466 PMCID: PMC3683614 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin tumors have become one of the most common cancers in the world and their carcinogenesis is frequently associated with altered glycosylation patterns. The aberrant sialylation, a type of glycosylation, can mediate pathophysiological key events during various stages of tumor progression, including invasion and metastasis. Sialyltransferases play a key role in a variety of biological processes, including cell-cell communication, cell-matrix interaction, adhesion, and protein targeting. In this study, it was evaluated the expression of ST3Gal I and ST6Gal I in cutaneous epithelial lesions that include actinic keratosis (n=15), keratoacanthoma (n=9), squamous cell carcinoma (n=22) and basal cell carcinoma (n=28) in order to evaluate if sialyltransferases expression is different in premalignant and in malignant tumors. The expression of ST3Gal I was observed in actinic keratosis (53%), keratoacanthoma (78%), squamous cell carcinoma (73%) and basal cell carcinoma (32%) with statistic differences between basal cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma (P=0.0239) and basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.0096); for ST6Gal I, cytoplasmic expression was noted in actinic keratosis (40%), heterogeneous and cytoplasmic expression was noted in keratoacanthoma (67%), squamous cell carcinoma (41%) and basal cell carcinoma (7%) with statistic differences between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.0061) and basal cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma (P=0.0008). In summary, our results showed that the high expression of ST3Gal I and ST6Gal I, in skin tumors, is associated with tumors with greater potential for invasion and metastasis, as in the case of squamous cell carcinoma, and this may be related to their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Khalil HS, Tummala H, Hupp TR, Zhelev N. Pharmacological inhibition of ATM by KU55933 stimulates ATM transcription. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:622-34. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a component of a signalling mechanism that determines the process of decision-making in response to DNA damage and involves the participation of multiple proteins. ATM is activated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through the Mre11–Rad50–Nbs1 (MRN) DNA repair complex, and orchestrates signalling cascades that initiate the DNA damage response. Cells lacking ATM are hypersensitive to insults, particularly genotoxic stress, induced through radiation or radiomimetic drugs. Here, we investigate the degree of ATM activation during time-dependent treatment with genotoxic agents and the effects of ATM on phospho-induction and localization of its downstream substrates. Additionally, we have demonstrated a new cell-cycle-independent mechanism of ATM gene regulation following ATM kinase inhibition with KU5593. Inhibition of ATM activity causes induction of ATM protein followed by oscillation and this mechanism is governed at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, this autoregulatory induction of ATM is also accompanied by a transient upregulation of p53, pATR and E2F1 levels. Since ATM inhibition is believed to sensitize cancer cells to genotoxic agents, this novel insight into the mechanism of ATM regulation might be useful for designing more precise strategies for modulation of ATM activity in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal S Khalil
- School of Contemporary Sciences, University of Abertay, Kydd Building, 40 Bell street, Dundee DD1 1HG
| | - Hemanth Tummala
- School of Contemporary Sciences, University of Abertay, Kydd Building, 40 Bell street, Dundee DD1 1HG
| | - Tedd R Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Nikolai Zhelev
- School of Contemporary Sciences, University of Abertay, Kydd Building, 40 Bell street, Dundee DD1 1HG
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