1
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Sureda-Gómez M, Balsas P, Rodríguez ML, Nadeu F, De Bolòs A, Eguileor Á, Kulis M, Castellano G, López C, Giné E, Demajo S, Jares P, Martín-Subero JI, Beà S, Campo E, Amador V. Tumorigenic role of Musashi-2 in aggressive mantle cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2023; 37:408-421. [PMID: 36509891 PMCID: PMC9898029 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SOX11 overexpression has been associated with aggressive behavior of mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). SOX11 is overexpressed in embryonic and cancer stem cells (CSC) of some tumors. Although CSC have been isolated from primary MCL, their relationship to SOX11 expression and contribution to MCL pathogenesis and clinical evolution remain unknown. Here, we observed enrichment in leukemic and hematopoietic stem cells gene signatures in SOX11+ compared to SOX11- MCL primary cases. Musashi-2 (MSI2) emerged as one of the most significant upregulated stem cell-related genes in SOX11+ MCLs. SOX11 is directly bound to the MSI2 promoter upregulating its expression in vitro. MSI2 intronic enhancers were strongly activated in SOX11+ MCL cell lines and primary cases. MSI2 upregulation was significantly associated with poor overall survival independently of other high-risk features of MCL. MSI2 knockdown decreased the expression of genes related to apoptosis and stem cell features and significantly reduced clonogenic growth, tumor cell survival and chemoresistance in MCL cells. MSI2-knockdown cells had reduced tumorigenic engraftment into mice bone marrow and spleen compared to control cells in xenotransplanted mouse models. Our results suggest that MSI2 might play a key role in sustaining stemness and tumor cell survival, representing a possible novel target for therapeutic interventions in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sureda-Gómez
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Balsas
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.510933.d0000 0004 8339 0058Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta-Leonor Rodríguez
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.510933.d0000 0004 8339 0058Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna De Bolòs
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Eguileor
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Kulis
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Castellano
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.510933.d0000 0004 8339 0058Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Giné
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.510933.d0000 0004 8339 0058Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Hematology Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Demajo
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Jares
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.510933.d0000 0004 8339 0058Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José I. Martín-Subero
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.510933.d0000 0004 8339 0058Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain ,grid.425902.80000 0000 9601 989XInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Beà
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.510933.d0000 0004 8339 0058Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain ,grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.510933.d0000 0004 8339 0058Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain ,grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Amador
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Nanri Y, Nunomura S, Honda Y, Takedomi H, Yamaguchi Y, Izuhara K. A positive loop formed by SOX11 and periostin upregulates TGF-β signals leading to skin fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:989-998.e7. [PMID: 36584910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, heterogenous disease of connective tissue characterized by organ fibrosis together with vascular injury and autoimmunity. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a central role in generating fibrosis, including SSc. Periostin is a matricellular protein playing a key role in the generation of fibrosis by amplifying the TGF-β signals. SOX (SRY-related HMG box) 11 is a transcription factor playing several important roles in organ development in embryos. We have previously shown that SOX11 induces periostin expression. However, the roles of the interactions among the TGF-β signals, periostin, and SOX11 remain unknown in the pathogenesis of SSc. In this study, we found that most clones of dermal fibroblasts derived from SSc patients showed constitutive, high expression of SOX11, which is significantly induced by TGF-β1. SOX11 forms a positive loop with periostin to activate the TGF-β signals in SSc dermal fibroblasts. Genetic deletion of Sox11 in Postn-expressing fibroblasts impairs dermal fibrosis by bleomycin. Moreover, using the DNA microarray method, we identified several fibrotic factors dependent on the TGF-β/SOX11/periostin pathway in SSc dermal fibroblasts. Our findings, taken together, show that a positive loop formed by SOX11 and periostin in fibroblasts upregulates the TGF-β signals, leading to skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuko Honda
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Yukie Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga, Japan.
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3
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Sun Q, Du J, Dong J, Pan S, Jin H, Han X, Zhang J. Systematic Investigation of the Multifaceted Role of SOX11 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246103. [PMID: 36551589 PMCID: PMC9776339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 11 (SOX11), as a member of the SOX family, is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of specific biological processes and has recently been found to be a prognostic marker for certain cancers. However, the roles of SOX11 in cancer remain controversial. Our study aimed to explore the various aspects of SOX11 in pan-cancer. The expression of SOX11 was investigated by the Genotype Tissue-Expression (GTEX) dataset and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The protein level of SOX11 in tumor tissues and tumor-adjacent tissues was verified by human pan-cancer tissue microarray. Additionally, we used TCGA pan-cancer data to analyze the correlations among SOX11 expression and survival outcomes, clinical features, stemness, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), mismatch repair (MMR) related genes and the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the cBioPortal database was applied to investigate the gene alterations of SOX11. The main biological processes of SOX11 in cancers were analyzed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). As a result, aberrant expression of SOX11 has been implicated in 27 kinds of cancer types. Aberrant SOX11 expression was closely associated with survival outcomes, stage, tumor recurrence, MSI, TMB and MMR-related genes. In addition, the most frequent alteration of the SOX11 genome was mutation. Our study also showed the correlations of SOX11 with the level of immune infiltration in various cancers. In summary, our findings underline the multifaceted role and prognostic value of SOX11 in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Shuaikang Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (J.Z.)
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4
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Vilarrasa-Blasi R, Verdaguer-Dot N, Belver L, Soler-Vila P, Beekman R, Chapaprieta V, Kulis M, Queirós AC, Parra M, Calasanz MJ, Agirre X, Prosper F, Beà S, Colomer D, Marti-Renom MA, Ferrando A, Campo E, Martin-Subero JI. Insights into the mechanisms underlying aberrant SOX11 oncogene expression in mantle cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2021; 36:583-587. [PMID: 34455421 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Vilarrasa-Blasi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Verdaguer-Dot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Soler-Vila
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renée Beekman
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Chapaprieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Kulis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C Queirós
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Parra
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Calasanz
- Área de Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Área de Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Área de Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc A Marti-Renom
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elías Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Dynamics of genome architecture and chromatin function during human B cell differentiation and neoplastic transformation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:651. [PMID: 33510161 PMCID: PMC7844026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture across normal B cell differentiation and in neoplastic cells from different subtypes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma patients, here we integrate in situ Hi-C and nine additional omics layers. Beyond conventional active (A) and inactive (B) compartments, we uncover a highly-dynamic intermediate compartment enriched in poised and polycomb-repressed chromatin. During B cell development, 28% of the compartments change, mostly involving a widespread chromatin activation from naive to germinal center B cells and a reversal to the naive state upon further maturation into memory B cells. B cell neoplasms are characterized by both entity and subtype-specific alterations in 3D genome organization, including large chromatin blocks spanning key disease-specific genes. This study indicates that 3D genome interactions are extensively modulated during normal B cell differentiation and that the genome of B cell neoplasias acquires a tumor-specific 3D genome architecture.
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6
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Tsang SM, Oliemuller E, Howard BA. Regulatory roles for SOX11 in development, stem cells and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Su D, Gao Q, Guan L, Sun P, Li Q, Shi C, Ma X. Downregulation of SOX11 in fetal heart tissue, under hyperglycemic environment, mediates cardiomyocytes apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22629. [PMID: 32935389 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the causes of abnormal embryonic heart development, but the mechanism is still poor. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism and role of SOX11 in congenital heart abnormality in a hyperglycemic environment. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed decreased SOX11 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the heart tissue of diabetic offspring compared with the control group. A Sequenom EpiTYPER MassArray showed that methylation sites upstream in SOX11 region 1 were increased in the diabetic group compared with the control group. Luciferase reporter assays and qRT-PCR showed that Dnmt3b overexpression decreased SOX11 promoter activity and its mRNA level, whereas Dnmt3a had little effect on regulating SOX11 expression. Furthermore, we found that Dnmt3L cooperated with Dnmt3b to regulate SOX11 gene expression. Additionally, the function of SOX11 silencing was analyzed by using small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and apoptotic assays showed that SOX11 downregulation inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of the SOX11 gene suppressed cardiomyocytes apoptosis after high glucose treatment. We identified a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism of SOX11 during heart development in a hyperglycemic environment and revealed a distinct role of SOX11 in mediating cardiomyocytes viability and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Su
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Health Department, Beijing, China.,Department of cell biology, Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Biology, Dezhou College, Dezhou, China
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Health Department, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Health Department, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Health Department, Beijing, China
| | - Cuige Shi
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Health Department, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Health Department, Beijing, China.,Department of cell biology, Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Grönroos T, Mäkinen A, Laukkanen S, Mehtonen J, Nikkilä A, Oksa L, Rounioja S, Marincevic-Zuniga Y, Nordlund J, Pohjolainen V, Paavonen T, Heinäniemi M, Lohi O. Clinicopathological features and prognostic value of SOX11 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2043. [PMID: 32029838 PMCID: PMC7005266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is marked by aberrant transcriptional features that alter cell differentiation, self-renewal, and proliferative features. We sought to identify the transcription factors exhibiting altered and subtype-specific expression patterns in B-ALL and report here that SOX11, a developmental and neuronal transcription factor, is aberrantly expressed in the ETV6-RUNX1 and TCF3-PBX1 subtypes of acute B-cell leukemias. We show that a high expression of SOX11 leads to alterations of gene expression that are typically associated with cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. A high expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation at the SOX11 locus and a favorable outcome. The results indicate that SOX11 expression marks a group of patients with good outcomes and thereby prompts further study of its use as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Grönroos
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Artturi Mäkinen
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Laukkanen
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Mehtonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Atte Nikkilä
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Oksa
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Samuli Rounioja
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Hematology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yanara Marincevic-Zuniga
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Nordlund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Virva Pohjolainen
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Lohi
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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9
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Yang Z, Jiang S, Lu C, Ji T, Yang W, Li T, Lv J, Hu W, Yang Y, Jin Z. SOX11: friend or foe in tumor prevention and carcinogenesis? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919853449. [PMID: 31210798 PMCID: PMC6547177 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919853449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility-group box transcription factor 11
(SOX11) is an essential member of the SOX transcription factors and has been
highlighted as an important regulator in embryogenesis. SOX11 studies have only
recently shifted focus from its role in embryogenesis and development to its
function in disease. In particular, the role of SOX11 in carcinogenesis has
become of major interest in the field. SOX11 expression is elevated in a wide
variety of tumors. In many cancers, dysfunctional expression of SOX11 has been
correlated with increased cancer cell survival, inhibited cell differentiation,
and tumor progression through the induction of metastasis and angiogenesis.
Nevertheless, in a limited number of malignancies, SOX11 has also been
identified to function as a tumor suppressor. Herein, we review the correlation
between the expression of SOX11 and tumor behaviors. We also summarize the
mechanisms underlying the regulation of SOX11 expression and activity in
pathological conditions. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes
of cancer targeted by SOX11 and discuss whether SOX11 is protective or
detrimental during tumor progression. Moreover, SOX11 is highlighted as a
clinical biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of various human cancer. The
information reviewed here should assist in future experimental designs and
emphasize the potential of SOX11 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Ji
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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10
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Huang J, Ji EH, Zhao X, Cui L, Misuno K, Guo M, Huang Z, Chen X, Hu S. Sox11 promotes head and neck cancer progression via the regulation of SDCCAG8. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:138. [PMID: 30922366 PMCID: PMC6440126 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background SOX11 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in mantle cell lymphoma development. However, its functional role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown. Methods Protein expression was measured with Western blotting, immunohistochemistry or quantitative proteomics, and gene expression was measured with quantitative RT-PCR. Functional role of SOX11 in HNSCC was evaluated with MTS/apoptosis, migration, invasion assays and a xenograft model. A SOX11-targeting gene, SDCCAG8, was confirmed with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter and rescue assays. Results SOX11 was up-regulated in recurrent versus primary HNSCC and in highly invasive versus low invasive HNSCC cell lines. Silencing SOX11 in HNSCC cell lines significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and resistance to Cisplatin, and vice versa. Quantitative proteomic analysis of SOX11-silencing HNSCC cells revealed a number of differentially expressed proteins, including a down-regulated tumor antigen SDCCAG8. Silencing of SDCCAG8 in HNSCC cells also significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and vice versa. ChIP assays demonstrated that endogenous SOX11 strongly bound to Sdccag8 gene promoter in highly invasive HNSCC cells. When over-expressed in low invasive HNSCC cells, wild type SOX11 but not mutant SOX11 induced the promoter activity of Sdccag8 and significantly induced the expression of SDCCAG8. However, exogenous mutant SOX11 abolished the expression of SDCCAG8 in highly invasive HNSCC cells. In addition, the inhibitory effects of SOX11 knockdown were partially rescued by over-expression of SDCCAG8 in HNSCC cells. Conclusion Collectively, our findings indicate SOX11 promotes HNSCC progression via the regulation of SDCCAG8. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1146-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Huang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Eoon Hye Ji
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Li Cui
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kaori Misuno
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mian Guo
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW SOX11 has emerged as a key transcription factor in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) whereas it is not expressed in normal B cells or virtually in any other mature B-cell neoplasm. This review will examine the role of SOX11 as a biomarker in MCL, the new information on its transcriptional targets, and the mechanisms regulating its expression in MCL. RECENT FINDINGS SOX11 is highly expressed in conventional MCL, including cyclin D1-negative cases, but it is not expressed in the indolent leukemic nonnodal MCL subtype. These two MCL subtypes also differ in their cell-of-origin, IGHV mutational status and genomic instability. SOX11 promotes tumor growth of MCL cells in vivo and regulates a broad transcriptional program that includes B-cell differentiation pathways and tumor-microenvironment interactions, among others. The mechanisms upregulating SOX11 in MCL are not well understood but are mediated in part by the three-dimensional reconfiguration of the DNA, bringing together a distant enhancer region and the SOX11 promoter. SUMMARY SOX11 is a relevant element in the pathogenesis of MCL and has been instrumental to identify two distinct clinicobiological subtypes of this tumor. Further studies should clarify the mechanisms mediating its oncogenic potential and leading to its intriguing expression in these tumors.
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12
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Regulation of SOX11 expression through CCND1 and STAT3 in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2018; 133:306-318. [PMID: 30530749 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-05-851667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural transcription factor SOX11 is usually highly expressed in typical mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), but it is absent in the more indolent form of MCL. Despite being an important diagnostic marker for this hard-to-treat malignancy, the mechanisms of aberrant SOX11 expression are largely unknown. Herein, we describe 2 modes of SOX11 regulation by the cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We found that ectopic expression of CCND1 in multiple human MCL cell lines resulted in increased SOX11 transcription, which correlated with increased acetylated histones H3K9 and H3K14 (H3K9/14Ac). Increased H3K9/14Ac and SOX11 expression was also observed after histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) or HDAC2 was depleted by RNA interference or inhibited by the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. Mechanistically, we showed that CCND1 interacted with and sequestered HDAC1 and HDAC2 from the SOX11 locus, leading to SOX11 upregulation. Interestingly, our data revealed a potential inverse relationship between phosphorylated Y705 STAT3 and SOX11 expression in MCL cell lines, primary tumors, and patient-derived xenografts. Functionally, inactivation of STAT3 by inhibiting the upstream Janus kinase (JAK) 1 or JAK2 or by STAT3 knockdown was found to increase SOX11 expression, whereas interleukin-21 (IL-21)-induced STAT3 activation or overexpression of the constitutively active form of STAT3 decreased SOX11 expression. In addition, targeting SOX11 directly by RNA interference or indirectly by IL-21 treatment induced toxicity in SOX11+ MCL cells. Collectively, we demonstrate the involvement of CCND1 and STAT3 in the regulation of SOX11 expression, providing new insights and therapeutic implications in MCL.
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13
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Magne J, Jenvrin A, Chauchet A, Casasnovas O, Donzel A, Jego L, Aral B, Guy J, Nadal N, Vernerey D, Callier P, Garnache-Ottou F, Ferrand C. Potential added value of a RT-qPCR method of SOX 11 expression, in the context of a multidisciplinary diagnostic assessment of B cell malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2018; 7:5. [PMID: 29484276 PMCID: PMC5819690 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-018-0097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of SRY [sex-determining region Y]-box11 (SOX11) is specific to mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and contributes, in conjunction with immunoglobulin variable heavy chain gene mutation status, to the identification of two forms of this disease. Methods The aim of this report was firstly, to design an easy and suitable RT-qPCR method to quantify SOX11 mRNA expression in mantle cell lymphoma and other B cell malignancies with the proper reference gene; secondly, to define the best threshold of relative quantity of SOX11 mRNA in order to reach the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity. Results For best discrimination of MCL and non-MCL groups we determined an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9750 and a threshold of 1.76 with 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity. AUC and threshold values of respectively 0.91/1.346 [87% sensitivity, 80% specificity] and 0.9525/1.7120 [100% sensitivity, 88% specificity] for GAPDH and RPLP0 respectively denote that the RPLP0 reference gene alone is sufficient for PCR housekeeping gene. Conclusion This work describes an RT-qPCR assay for SOX11 expression in order to better characterize MCL at diagnosis. Further studies on larger cohorts are needed to evaluate this molecular tool, especially for the follow-up of minimal residual disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40164-018-0097-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Magne
- 1INSERM, UMR866, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alizée Jenvrin
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, 25000 France
| | - Adrien Chauchet
- 3Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Besancon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Casasnovas
- 4Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Donzel
- 1INSERM, UMR866, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Jego
- 1INSERM, UMR866, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Bernard Aral
- 1INSERM, UMR866, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Julien Guy
- 1INSERM, UMR866, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Nadal
- 1INSERM, UMR866, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Dewi Vernerey
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA 3181, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Callier
- 1INSERM, UMR866, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Christophe Ferrand
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, 25000 France.,Laboratoire de Thérapeutique Immuno-Moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers, INSERM UMR1098, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, 8, rue du Docteur Jean-François-Xavier Girod, 25020 Besançon, France
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14
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Queirós AC, Beekman R, Vilarrasa-Blasi R, Duran-Ferrer M, Clot G, Merkel A, Raineri E, Russiñol N, Castellano G, Beà S, Navarro A, Kulis M, Verdaguer-Dot N, Jares P, Enjuanes A, Calasanz MJ, Bergmann A, Vater I, Salaverría I, van de Werken HJG, Wilson WH, Datta A, Flicek P, Royo R, Martens J, Giné E, Lopez-Guillermo A, Stunnenberg HG, Klapper W, Pott C, Heath S, Gut IG, Siebert R, Campo E, Martín-Subero JI. Decoding the DNA Methylome of Mantle Cell Lymphoma in the Light of the Entire B Cell Lineage. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:806-821. [PMID: 27846393 PMCID: PMC5805090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the in silico purified DNA methylation signatures of 82 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) in comparison with cell subpopulations spanning the entire B cell lineage. We identified two MCL subgroups, respectively carrying epigenetic imprints of germinal-center-inexperienced and germinal-center-experienced B cells, and we found that DNA methylation profiles during lymphomagenesis are largely influenced by the methylation dynamics in normal B cells. An integrative epigenomic approach revealed 10,504 differentially methylated regions in regulatory elements marked by H3K27ac in MCL primary cases, including a distant enhancer showing de novo looping to the MCL oncogene SOX11. Finally, we observed that the magnitude of DNA methylation changes per case is highly variable and serves as an independent prognostic factor for MCL outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Queirós
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Renée Beekman
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Roser Vilarrasa-Blasi
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Guillem Clot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Angelika Merkel
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Emanuele Raineri
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Nuria Russiñol
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Castellano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Alba Navarro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marta Kulis
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Núria Verdaguer-Dot
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Pedro Jares
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Unidad de Genómica, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | | | | | - Anke Bergmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel 24105, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Christian-Albrechts University & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Inga Vater
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Itziar Salaverría
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avik Datta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Romina Royo
- Joint Program on Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) and Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Joost Martens
- Molecular Biology, NCMLS, FNWI, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Giné
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | | | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Molecular Biology, NCMLS, FNWI, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Christiane Pott
- Second Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24116, Germany
| | - Simon Heath
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ivo G Gut
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Elías Campo
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Unidad de Hematopatología, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - José I Martín-Subero
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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15
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Mansouri L, Rosenquist R. Unraveling the DNA Methylome in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: New Insights into the Cellular Origin. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:665-667. [PMID: 27846388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the DNA methylome and its impact on cancer evolution and disease progression is rapidly evolving. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Queirós et al. provide a detailed characterization of the DNA methylome in mantle cell lymphoma and reveal novel molecular subtypes, potentially with different cellular origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Combinatorial targeting of nuclear export and translation of RNA inhibits aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2015; 127:858-68. [PMID: 26603836 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-05-645069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive double- and triple-hit (DH/TH) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) feature activation of Hsp90 stress pathways. Herein, we show that Hsp90 controls posttranscriptional dynamics of key messenger RNA (mRNA) species including those encoding BCL6, MYC, and BCL2. Using a proteomics approach, we found that Hsp90 binds to and maintains activity of eIF4E. eIF4E drives nuclear export and translation of BCL6, MYC, and BCL2 mRNA. eIF4E RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing in DLBCL suggests that nuclear eIF4E controls an extended program that includes B-cell receptor signaling, cellular metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. Accordingly, eIF4E was required for survival of DLBCL including the most aggressive subtypes, DH/TH lymphomas. Indeed, eIF4E inhibition induces tumor regression in cell line and patient-derived tumorgrafts of TH-DLBCL, even in the presence of elevated Hsp90 activity. Targeting Hsp90 is typically limited by counterregulatory elevation of Hsp70B, which induces resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors. Surprisingly, we identify Hsp70 mRNA as an eIF4E target. In this way, eIF4E inhibition can overcome drug resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors. Accordingly, rational combinatorial inhibition of eIF4E and Hsp90 inhibitors resulted in cooperative antilymphoma activity in DH/TH DLBCL in vitro and in vivo.
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17
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Lord M, Wasik AM, Christensson B, Sander B. The utility of mRNA analysis in defining SOX11 expression levels in mantle cell lymphoma and reactive lymph nodes. Haematologica 2015; 100:e369-72. [PMID: 25887497 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.123885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lord
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agata M Wasik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birger Christensson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Sander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate SOX11 expression in lymphoid and solid cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:273. [PMID: 25880212 PMCID: PMC4403777 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neural transcription factor SOX11 is present at specific stages during embryo development with a very restricted expression in adult tissue, indicating precise regulation of transcription. SOX11 is strongly up-regulated in some malignancies and have a functional role in tumorgenesis. With the aim to explore differences in epigenetic regulation of SOX11 expression in normal versus neoplastic cells, we investigated methylation and histone modifications related to the SOX11 promoter and the possibility to induce re-expression using histone deacetylase (HDAC) or EZH2 inhibitors. Methods The epigenetic regulation of SOX11 was investigated in distinct non-malignant cell populations (n = 7) and neoplastic cell-lines (n = 42) of different cellular origins. DNA methylation was assessed using bisulfite sequencing, methylation-specific melting curve analysis, MethyLight and pyrosequencing. The presence of H3K27me3 was assessed using ChIP-qPCR. The HDAC inhibitors Vorinostat and trichostatin A were used to induce SOX11 in cell lines with no endogenous expression. Results The SOX11 promoter shows a low degree of methylation and strong enrichment of H3K27me3 in non-malignant differentiated cells, independent of cellular origin. Cancers of the B-cell lineage are strongly marked by de novo methylation at the SOX11 promoter in SOX11 non-expressing cells, while solid cancer entities display a more varying degree of SOX11 promoter methylation. The silencing mark H3K27me3 was generally present at the SOX11 promoter in non-expressing cells, and an increased enrichment was observed in cancer cells with a low degree of SOX11 methylation compared to cells with dense methylation. Finally, we demonstrate that the HDAC inhibitors (vorinostat and trichostatin A) induce SOX11 expression in cancer cells with low levels of SOX11 methylation. Conclusions We show that SOX11 is strongly marked by repressive histone marks in non-malignant cells. In contrast, SOX11 regulation in neoplastic tissues is more complex involving both DNA methylation and histone modifications. The possibility to re-express SOX11 in non-methylated tissue is of clinical relevance, and was successfully achieved in cell lines with low levels of SOX11 methylation. In breast cancer patients, methylation of the SOX11 promoter was shown to correlate with estrogen receptor status, suggesting that SOX11 may be functionally re-expressed during treatment with HDAC inhibitors in specific patient subgroups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1208-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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19
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Aberrant SOX11 promoter methylation is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:183-94. [PMID: 25801783 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common cause of cancer mortality world-wide. In recent years, aberrant SOX11 expression has been observed in various solid and hematopoietic malignancies, including GC. In addition, it has been reported that SOX11 expression may serve as an independent prognostic factor for the survival of GC patients. Here, we assessed the SOX11 gene promoter methylation status in various GC cell lines and primary GC tissues, and evaluated its clinical significance. METHODS Five GC cell lines were used to assess SOX11 expression by qRT-PCR. The effect of SOX11 expression restoration after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) treatment on GC growth was evaluated in GC cell line MKN45. Subsequently, 89 paired GC-normal gastric tissues were evaluated for their SOX11 gene promoter methylation status using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and 20 paired GC-normal gastric tissues were evaluated for their SOX11 expression in relation to SOX11 gene promoter methylation. GC patient survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analyses and a Cox proportional hazard model was employed for multivariate analyses. RESULTS Down-regulation of SOX11 mRNA expression was observed in both GC cell lines and primary GC tissues. MSP revealed hyper-methylation of the SOX11 gene promoter in 55.1% (49/89) of the primary GC tissues tested and in 7.9% (7/89) of its corresponding non-malignant tissues. The SOX11 gene promoter methylation status was found to be related to the depth of GC tumor invasion, Borrmann classification and GC differentiation status. Upon 5-Aza-dC treatment, SOX11 expression was found to be up-regulated in MKN45 cells, in conjunction with proliferation inhibition. SOX11 gene promoter hyper-methylation was found to be significantly associated with a poor prognosis and to serve as an independent marker for survival using multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that aberrant SOX11 gene promoter methylation may underlie its down-regulation in GC. SOX11 gene promoter hyper-methylation may serve as a biomarker to predict the clinical outcome of GC.
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20
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Utility and Diagnostic Pitfalls of SOX11 Monoclonal Antibodies in Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Other Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2014; 22:720-7. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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SOX11 promotes tumor angiogenesis through transcriptional regulation of PDGFA in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2014; 124:2235-47. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-569566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
SOX11 mediates regulation of angiogenesis via the PDGFA signaling pathway in MCL. SOX11-dependent increased angiogenesis contributes to a more aggressive MCL phenotype.
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22
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Kuo PY, Leshchenko VV, Fazzari MJ, Perumal D, Gellen T, He T, Iqbal J, Baumgartner-Wennerholm S, Nygren L, Zhang F, Zhang W, Suh KS, Goy A, Yang DT, Chan WC, Kahl BS, Verma AK, Gascoyne RD, Kimby E, Sander B, Ye BH, Melnick AM, Parekh S. High-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing reveals novel binding targets and prognostic role for SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:1231-40. [PMID: 24681958 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) expression is specific for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) as compared with other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. However, the function and direct-binding targets of SOX11 in MCL are largely unknown. We used high-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify the direct target genes of SOX11 in a genome-wide, unbiased manner and elucidate its functional significance. Pathway analysis identified WNT, PKA and TGF-beta signaling pathways as significantly enriched by SOX11-target genes. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and promoter reporter assays confirmed that SOX11 directly binds to individual genes and modulates their transcription activities in these pathways in MCL. Functional studies using RNA interference demonstrate that SOX11 directly regulates WNT in MCL. We analyzed SOX11 expression in three independent well-annotated tissue microarrays from the University of Wisconsin (UW), Karolinska Institute and British Columbia Cancer Agency. Our findings suggest that high SOX11 expression is associated with improved survival in a subset of MCL patients, particularly those treated with intensive chemotherapy. Transcriptional regulation of WNT and other biological pathways affected by SOX11-target genes may help explain the impact of SOX11 expression on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Kuo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - V V Leshchenko
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M J Fazzari
- 1] Department of Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - D Perumal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Gellen
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - T He
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Baumgartner-Wennerholm
- Department of Medicine, Center for Haematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Nygren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Zhang
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K S Suh
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - A Goy
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - D T Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W-C Chan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - B S Kahl
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, and The UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A K Verma
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - R D Gascoyne
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E Kimby
- Department of Medicine, Center for Haematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Sander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B H Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A M Melnick
- 1] Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Parekh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Song G, Valdez BC, Li Y, Dominguez JR, Corn P, Champlin RE, Andersson BS. The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to a combination of nucleoside analogs and the DNA-alkylating agent busulfan. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:1625-34. [PMID: 24144307 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.856007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fludarabine (Flu), clofarabine (Clo) and busulfan (Bu) are used in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). We reported that combining [Flu + Clo + Bu] had a synergistic cytotoxicity in AML cells. We hypothesized that combining [Flu + Clo + Bu] with the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA will further enhance cytotoxicity. We exposed the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines KBM3/Bu250(6) and OCI-AML3 to Flu, Clo, Bu and SAHA alone and in various combinations. [Flu + Clo + Bu + SAHA] resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity, which can be attributed to (1) activated DNA-damage response and cell cycle checkpoint activation through the ATM-CHK2-P53 (or P73) pathway or ATM-CHK2-cdc25-cdc2 pathway, (2) histone modifications and (3) activated apoptosis pathway. The [Flu + Clo + Bu + SAHA] combination causes mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, leakage of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo into the cytosol with caspase activation, and release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) into the nucleus resulting in nuclear fragmentation and cell death. These results provide a mechanistic basis for using SAHA in future clinical trials with double nucleoside analog-busulfan combinations in pretransplant conditioning therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Song
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
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24
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Zhang S, Li S, Gao JL. Promoter methylation status of the tumor suppressor gene SOX11 is associated with cell growth and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:109. [PMID: 24188789 PMCID: PMC4177000 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor SOX11 is one of members of the SRY box-containing (SOX) family emerging as important transcriptional regulators. In recent years, up-regulation of SOX11 has been detected in various types of solid tumors. In this study, the effects of promoter methylation of the SOX11 gene on SOX11 expression and cell growth and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were investigated. METHODS In this study,methylation-specific PCR and real time quantitative PCR have been applied to investigate the effect of promoter methylation of the SOX11 gene on SOX11 expression in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma and chronic inflammation tissues. The nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (CNE2) was treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. The effect of promoter methylation of SOX11 on growth and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was detected with MTT test and Boyden chamber Matrigel invasion assay. RESULTS No or weak expression of SOX11 mRNA was detected in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues of SOX11 gene promoter methylation. Strong expression of SOX11 mRNA was detected in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues of SOX11 gene promoter unmethylation and chronic inflammation tissues of pharynx nasalis. SOX11 mRNA and protein were re-expressed, SOX11 gene was demethylated, and growth and invasion of cells were inhibited in CNE2 cell line after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study indicate that expression of SOX11 mRNA and protein were related to SOX11 gene methylation status. SOX11 gene methylation may be plays a role in growth and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guang Ming New District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Song Bai Road 339#, Shenzhen, Guang Dong TX 518106, PR China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Tao Yuan Road 89#, Shenzhen, Guang Dong TX 518052, PR China
| | - Jin-Liang Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Tao Yuan Road 89#, Shenzhen, Guang Dong TX 518052, PR China
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25
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Lu TX, Li JY, Xu W. The role of SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1412-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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SOXC transcription factors in mantle cell lymphoma: the role of promoter methylation in SOX11 expression. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1400. [PMID: 23466598 PMCID: PMC3590557 DOI: 10.1038/srep01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The related transcription factors SOX11, SOX4 and SOX12 (classified as the SOXC family) compete for the same target genes. SOX11 is expressed in most mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) but a small subset is, like normal lymphocytes, SOX11 negative. Here we report the variable expression of SOX4 and high expression of SOX12 in MCL compared to non-malignant tissue. Our results show that the expression of the SOXC genes is highly correlated in SOX11 positive MCL. SOX11 expression is epigenetically regulated but there are partly conflicting results regarding the underlying mechanisms. Here we report that the SOX11 promoter region is hypomethylated in both MCL and normal B-lymphocytes. Methylation at other sites is important for sustaining high SOX11 in MCL since treatment with 5-azacytidine decreased SOX11 levels in SOX11 positive MCL cell lines: Granta519 and Rec1. Furthermore, 5-azacytidine treatment of the SOX11 negative MCL cell line, JVM2, induced SOX4 but not SOX11.
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27
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Jian J, Guoying W, Jing Z. Increased expression of sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) in cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:1221-7. [PMID: 23867449 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513476592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) gene expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma and its effect on tumour cell proliferation. METHODS Clinicopathological data and tissue samples from patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma, together with tissue samples from healthy volunteers (controls), were retrospectively reviewed. Protein levels of SOX11 and the antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (Ki-67) in skin lesions were analysed using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between protein levels and clinipathological parameters was investigated. RESULTS Out of 40 patient samples, 25 (62.5%) were positive for SOX11 protein in malignant melanoma tissue. This was significantly higher than in 40 control tissue samples, in which no SOX11 protein was detected. Presence of SOX11 protein was positively related to the proliferation index of cutaneous malignant melanoma tumour cells. Presence of SOX11 protein in cutaneous malignant melanoma was related to tumour type, tumour location, lymph node metastasis and 5-year survival rate. CONCLUSION Human cutaneous malignant melanoma tissues expressed high levels of SOX11 compared with healthy controls, suggesting that SOX11 may be a new prognostic marker for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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28
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Busche S, Ge B, Vidal R, Spinella JF, Saillour V, Richer C, Healy J, Chen SH, Droit A, Sinnett D, Pastinen T. Integration of high-resolution methylome and transcriptome analyses to dissect epigenomic changes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4323-36. [PMID: 23722552 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Although the genetic determinants underlying disease onset remain unclear, epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation are suggested to contribute significantly to leukemogenesis. Using the Illumina 450K array, we assessed DNA methylation in matched tumor-normal samples of 46 childhood patients with pre-B ALL, extending single CpG-site resolution analysis of the pre-B ALL methylome beyond CpG-islands (CGI). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of CpG-site neighborhood, gene, or microRNA (miRNA) gene-associated methylation levels separated the tumor cohort according to major pre-B ALL subtypes, and methylation in CGIs, CGI shores, and in regions around the transcription start site was found to significantly correlate with transcript expression. Focusing on samples carrying the t(12;21) ETV6-RUNX1 fusion, we identified 119 subtype-specific high-confidence marker CpG-loci. Pathway analyses linked the CpG-loci-associated genes with hematopoiesis and cancer. Further integration with whole-transcriptome data showed the effects of methylation on expression of 17 potential drivers of leukemogenesis. Independent validation of array methylation and sequencing-derived transcript expression with Sequenom Epityper technology and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, respectively, indicates more than 80% empirical accuracy of our genome-wide findings. In summary, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling enabled us to separate pre-B ALL according to major subtypes, to map epigenetic biomarkers specific for the t(12;21) subtype, and through a combined methylome and transcriptome approach to identify downstream effects on candidate drivers of leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Busche
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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29
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Bürgesser MV, Gualco G, Diller A, Natkunam Y, Bacchi CE. Clinicopathological features of aggressive B-cell lymphomas including B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell and Burkitt lymphomas: a study of 44 patients from Argentina. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 17:250-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Yamazaki K, Umeno J, Takahashi A, Hirano A, Johnson TA, Kumasaka N, Morizono T, Hosono N, Kawaguchi T, Takazoe M, Yamada T, Suzuki Y, Tanaka H, Motoya S, Hosokawa M, Arimura Y, Shinomura Y, Matsui T, Matsumoto T, Iida M, Tsunoda T, Nakamura Y, Kamatani N, Kubo M. A genome-wide association study identifies 2 susceptibility Loci for Crohn's disease in a Japanese population. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:781-8. [PMID: 23266558 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease induced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic factors that affect the risk for Crohn's disease in European populations, but information from other ethnic groups is scarce. We therefore investigated genetic factors associated with Crohn's disease in the Japanese population. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study with 372 individuals with Crohn's disease (cases) and 3389 controls, all from the Japanese population. To confirm identified associations, we performed a replication study with an independent panel of 1151 Crohn's disease cases and 15,800 controls. We also performed an association analysis using genome-wide genotype imputation in the discovery cohort. RESULTS We confirmed associations of Crohn's disease with variants in MHC (rs7765379, P = 2.11 × 10(-59)), TNFSF15 (rs6478106, P = 3.87 × 10(-45)), and STAT3 (rs9891119, P = 2.24 × 10(-14)). We identified 2 new susceptibility loci: on chromosome 4p14 (rs1487630, P = 2.40 × 10(-11); odds ratio, 1.33), and in the SLC25A15-ELF1-WBP4 region on 13q14 (rs7329174 in ELF1, P = 5.12 × 10(-9); odds ratio, 1.27). CONCLUSIONS In a genome-wide association study, we identified 2 new susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease in a Japanese population. These findings could increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Yokohama, Japan
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SOX11 regulates PAX5 expression and blocks terminal B-cell differentiation in aggressive mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2013; 121:2175-85. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-438937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
SOX11 silencing promotes the shift from a mature B cell into the initial plasmacytic differentiation phenotype in MCL. SOX11 promotes tumor growth of MCL cells in vivo, highlighting its implication in the aggressive behavior of conventional MCL.
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Williams ME, Bernstein SH, Jares P, Kahl BS, Witzig TE, Gordon LI. Recent advances in mantle cell lymphoma: report of the 2012 Mantle Cell Lymphoma Consortium Workshop. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:1882-90. [PMID: 23363271 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.771400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by overexpression of cyclin D1 and the t(11;14)(q13;q32) chromosomal translocation. MCL is biologically and clinically heterogeneous and frequently disseminates to extranodal areas. While a subset of patients have an indolent clinical course, the overall outcome for patients with MCL remains poor. There is no proven curative therapy, and no standard of care has been established for initial or subsequent lines of therapy. Several regimens are highly active in previously untreated patients, and recent research has led to improvements in currently available therapy. Moreover, investigational agents have recently demonstrated promising activity in clinical trials. A workshop was held to review recent data on MCL pathogenesis, novel molecular targets and alternative approaches to immunotherapy, and to discuss recent and ongoing clinical trials in MCL. The presentations are summarized in this article, which is intended to highlight areas of active investigation and identify important avenues for future research.
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Jares P, Colomer D, Campo E. Molecular pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3416-23. [PMID: 23023712 DOI: 10.1172/jci61272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma is a B cell malignancy in which constitutive dysregulation of cyclin D1 and the cell cycle, disruption of DNA damage response pathways, and activation of cell survival mechanisms contribute to oncogenesis. A small number of tumors lack cyclin D1 overexpression, suggesting that its dysregulation is always not required for tumor initiation. Some cases have hypermutated IGHV and stable karyotypes, a predominant nonnodal disease, and an indolent clinical evolution, which suggests that they may correspond to distinct subtypes of the disease. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways that contribute to pathogenesis, and how improved understanding of these molecular mechanisms offers new perspectives for the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jares
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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t(X;14)(p11;q32) in MALT lymphoma involving GPR34 reveals a role for GPR34 in tumor cell growth. Blood 2012; 120:3949-57. [PMID: 22966169 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-11-389908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic aberrations, including trisomies 3 and 18, and well-defined IGH translocations, have been described in marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs); however, these known genetic events are present in only a subset of cases. Here, we report the cloning of an IGH translocation partner on chromosome X, t(X;14)(p11.4;q32) that deregulates expression of an poorly characterized orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR34. Elevated GPR34 gene expression was detected independent of the translocation in multiple subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and distinguished a unique molecular subtype of MZL. Increased expression of GPR34 was also detected in tissue from brain tumors and surface expression of GPR34 was detected on human MZL tumor cells and normal immune cells. Overexpression of GPR34 in lymphoma and HeLa cells resulted in phosphorylation of ERK, PKC, and CREB; induced CRE, AP1, and NF-κB-mediated gene transcription; and increased cell proliferation. In summary, these results are the first to identify a role for a GPR34 in lymphoma cell growth, provide insight into GPR34-mediated signaling, identify a genetically unique subset of MZLs that express high levels of GPR34, and suggest that MEK inhibitors may be useful for treatment of GPR34-expressing tumors.
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Sernbo S, Gustavsson E, Brennan DJ, Gallagher WM, Rexhepaj E, Rydnert F, Jirström K, Borrebaeck CA, Ek S. The tumour suppressor SOX11 is associated with improved survival among high grade epithelial ovarian cancers and is regulated by reversible promoter methylation. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:405. [PMID: 21943380 PMCID: PMC3187763 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neural transcription factor SOX11 has been described as a prognostic marker in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), however its role in individual histological subtypes and tumour grade requires further clarification. Furthermore, methylation-dependent silencing of SOX11 has been reported for B cell lymphomas and indicates that epigenetic drugs may be used to re-express this tumour suppressor, but information on SOX11 promoter methylation in EOC is still lacking. Methods SOX11 expression and clinicopathological data was compared using χ2 test in a cohort of 154 cases of primary invasive EOC. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log rank test were applied to evaluate ovarian cancer-specific survival (OCSS) and overall survival (OS) in strata, according to SOX11 expression. Also, the methylation status of the SOX11 promoter was determined by sodium bisulfite sequencing and methylation specific PCR (MSP). Furthermore, the effect of ectopic overexpression of SOX11 on proliferation was studied through [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Results SOX11 expression was associated with an improved survival of patients with high grade EOC, although not independent of stage. Further analyses of EOC cell lines showed that SOX11 mRNA and protein were expressed in two of five cell lines, correlating with promoter methylation status. Demethylation was successfully performed using 5'-Aza-2'deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) resulting in SOX11 mRNA and protein expression in a previously negative EOC cell line. Furthermore, overexpression of SOX11 in EOC cell lines confirmed the growth regulatory role of SOX11. Conclusions SOX11 is a functionally associated protein in EOC with prognostic value for high-grade tumours. Re-expression of SOX11 in EOC indicates a potential use of epigenetic drugs to affect cellular growth in SOX11-negative tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sernbo
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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