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Qiao J, Xu M, Xu F, Che Z, Han P, Dai X, Miao N, Zhu M. Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes Associated with Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Duroc × Erhualian F 2 Population. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9745. [PMID: 39273692 PMCID: PMC11396299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pig immune function is crucial for disease-resistant breeding and potentially for human health research due to shared immune system features. Immune cell ratios, like monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), offer a more comprehensive view of immune status compared to individual cell counts. However, research on pig immune cell ratios remains limited. This study investigated MLR and NLR in a Duroc × Erhualian F2 resource population. Heritability analysis revealed high values (0.649 and 0.688 for MLR and NLR, respectively), suggesting a strong genetic component. Furthermore, we employed an ensemble-like GWAS (E-GWAS) strategy and functional annotation analysis to identify 11 MLR-associated and 6 NLR-associated candidate genes. These genes were significantly enriched in immune-related biological processes. These findings provide novel genetic markers and candidate genes associated with porcine immunity, thereby providing valuable insights for addressing biosecurity and animal welfare concerns in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Qiao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minghang Xu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangjun Xu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Che
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pingping Han
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Na Miao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengjin Zhu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Roth K, Pröll-Cornelissen MJ, Henne H, Appel AK, Schellander K, Tholen E, Große-Brinkhaus C. Multivariate genome-wide associations for immune traits in two maternal pig lines. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:492. [PMID: 37641029 PMCID: PMC10463314 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune traits are considered to serve as potential biomarkers for pig's health. Medium to high heritabilities have been observed for some of the immune traits suggesting genetic variability of these phenotypes. Consideration of previously established genetic correlations between immune traits can be used to identify pleiotropic genetic markers. Therefore, genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches are required to explore the joint genetic foundation for health biomarkers. Usually, GWAS explores phenotypes in a univariate (uv), trait-by-trait manner. Besides two uv GWAS methods, four multivariate (mv) GWAS approaches were applied on combinations out of 22 immune traits for Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW) pig lines. RESULTS In total 433 (LR: 351, LW: 82) associations were identified with the uv approach implemented in PLINK and a Bayesian linear regression uv approach (BIMBAM) software. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that were identified with both uv approaches (n = 32) were mostly associated with immune traits such as haptoglobin, red blood cell characteristics and cytokines, and were located in protein-coding genes. Mv GWAS approaches detected 647 associations for different mv immune trait combinations which were summarized to 133 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). SNPs for different trait combinations (n = 66) were detected with more than one mv method. Most of these SNPs are associated with red blood cell related immune trait combinations. Functional annotation of these QTL revealed 453 immune-relevant protein-coding genes. With uv methods shared markers were not observed between the breeds, whereas mv approaches were able to detect two conjoint SNPs for LR and LW. Due to unmapped positions for these markers, their functional annotation was not clarified. CONCLUSIONS This study evaluated the joint genetic background of immune traits in LR and LW piglets through the application of various uv and mv GWAS approaches. In comparison to uv methods, mv methodologies identified more significant associations, which might reflect the pleiotropic background of the immune system more accurately. In genetic research of complex traits, the SNP effects are generally small. Furthermore, one genetic variant can affect several correlated immune traits at the same time, termed pleiotropy. As mv GWAS methods consider strong dependencies among traits, the power to detect SNPs can be boosted. Both methods revealed immune-relevant potential candidate genes. Our results indicate that one single test is not able to detect all the different types of genetic effects in the most powerful manner and therefore, the methods should be applied complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Roth
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Hubert Henne
- BHZP GmbH, An der Wassermühle 8, 21368, Dahlenburg-Ellringen, Germany
| | | | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Gorssen W, Winters C, Meyermans R, Chapard L, Hooyberghs K, Janssens S, Huisman A, Peeters K, Mulder H, Buys N. A promising resilience parameter for breeding: the use of weight and feed trajectories in growing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:101. [PMID: 37525252 PMCID: PMC10391771 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing resilience is a priority in modern pig breeding. Recent research shows that general resilience can be quantified via variability in longitudinal data. The collection of such longitudinal data on weight, feed intake and feeding behaviour in pigs has been facilitated by the development of technologies such as automated feeding stations. The goal of this study was to investigate resilience traits, which were estimated as deviations from longitudinal weight, feed intake and feeding behaviour data during the finishing phase. A dataset with 324,207 records between the age of 95 and 155 days on 5,939 Piétrain pigs with known pedigree and genomic information was used. We provided guidelines for a rigid quality control of longitudinal body weight data, as we found that outliers can significantly affect results. Gompertz growth curve analysis, linear modelling and trajectory analyses were used for quantifying resilience traits. RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing resilience traits from longitudinal body weight, feed intake and feeding behaviour data in pigs. We demonstrated that the resilience traits are lowly to moderately heritable for deviations in body weight (h2 = 2.9%-20.2%), in feed intake (9.4%-23.3%) and in feeding behaviour (16.2%-28.3%). Additionally, these traits have good predictive abilities in cross-validation analyses. Deviations in individual body weight and feed intake trajectories are highly correlated (rg = 0.78) with low to moderate favourable genetic correlations with feed conversion ratio (rg = 0.39-0.49). Lastly, we showed that some resilience traits, such as the natural logarithm of variances of observed versus predicted body weights (lnvarweight), are more robust to lower observation frequencies and are repeatable over three different time periods of the finishing phase. CONCLUSIONS Our results will help future studies investigating resilience traits and resilience-related traits. Moreover, our study provides first results on standardization of quality control and efficient data sampling from automated feeding station data. Our findings will be valuable for breeding organizations as they offer evidence that pigs' general resilience can be selected on with good accuracy. Moreover, this methodology might be extended to other species to quantify resilience based on longitudinal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Gorssen
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 - Box 2472, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Winters
- Laboratory for Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 - Box 3714, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roel Meyermans
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 - Box 2472, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Léa Chapard
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 - Box 2472, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Hooyberghs
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 - Box 2472, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Janssens
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 - Box 2472, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abe Huisman
- Hendrix Genetics, P.O. Box 114, 5830 AC, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Katrijn Peeters
- Hendrix Genetics, P.O. Box 114, 5830 AC, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Han Mulder
- Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine Buys
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 - Box 2472, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ballester M, Jové-Juncà T, Pascual A, López-Serrano S, Crespo-Piazuelo D, Hernández-Banqué C, González-Rodríguez O, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Quintanilla R. Genetic architecture of innate and adaptive immune cells in pigs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1058346. [PMID: 36814923 PMCID: PMC9939681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1058346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pig industry is facing new challenges that make necessary to reorient breeding programs to produce more robust and resilient pig populations. The aim of the present work was to study the genetic determinism of lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of pigs and identify genomic regions and biomarkers associated to them. For this purpose, we stained peripheral blood mononuclear cells to measure ten immune-cell-related traits including the relative abundance of different populations of lymphocytes, the proportions of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells from 391 healthy Duroc piglets aged 8 weeks. Medium to high heritabilities were observed for the ten immune-cell-related traits and significant genetic correlations were obtained between the proportion of some lymphocytes populations. A genome-wide association study pointed out 32 SNPs located at four chromosomal regions on pig chromosomes SSC3, SSC5, SSC8, and SSCX as significantly associated to T-helper cells, memory T-helper cells and γδ T cells. Several genes previously identified in human association studies for the same or related traits were located in the associated regions, and were proposed as candidate genes to explain the variation of T cell populations such as CD4, CD8A, CD8B, KLRC2, RMND5A and VPS24. The transcriptome analysis of whole blood samples from animals with extreme proportions of γδ T, T-helper and memory T-helper cells identified differentially expressed genes (CAPG, TCF7L1, KLRD1 and CD4) located into the associated regions. In addition, differentially expressed genes specific of different T cells subpopulations were identified such as SOX13 and WC1 genes for γδ T cells. Our results enhance the knowledge about the genetic control of lymphocyte traits that could be considered to optimize the induction of immune responses to vaccines against pathogens. Furthermore, they open the possibility of applying effective selection programs for improving immunocompetence in pigs and support the use of the pig as a very reliable human biomedical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Teodor Jové-Juncà
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Afra Pascual
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Sergi López-Serrano
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Carles Hernández-Banqué
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Olga González-Rodríguez
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
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5
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Zhang S, Yu B, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Shi L, Chen H. Assessment of Hematologic and Biochemical Parameters for Healthy Commercial Pigs in China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182464. [PMID: 36139329 PMCID: PMC9494985 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic and biochemical data are useful for indicating disease diagnosis and growth performance in swine. However, the assessment of these parameters in healthy commercial pigs is rare in China. Thus, blood samples were collected from 107 nursery pigs and 87 sows and were analyzed for 25 hematologic and 14 biochemical variables. After the rejection of the outliers and the detection of the data distribution, the correlations between the blood parameters were analyzed and the hematologic/biochemical RIs were preliminarily established using the 95% percentile RI. Correlation analysis showed that albumin was the hub parameter among the blood parameters investigated, and genes overlapping with key correlated variables were discovered. Most of the hematologic and biochemical parameters were significantly different between nursery pigs and sows. The 95% RIs of white blood cells and red blood cells were 7.18–24.52 × 109/L and 5.62–7.84 × 1012/L, respectively, for nursery pigs, but 9.34–23.84 × 109/L and 4.98–8.29 × 1012/L for sows. The 95% RIs of total protein and albumin were 43.16–61.23 g/dL and 19.35–37.86 g/dL, respectively, for nursery pigs, but 64.96–88.68 g/dL and 31.91–43.28 g/dL for sows. In conclusion, our study highlights the variability in blood parameters between nursery pigs and sows and provides fundamental data for the health monitoring of commercial pigs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yongjin Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture & Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Mengjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangyu Shi
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-027-83956175 (H.C.)
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-027-83956175 (H.C.)
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Roth K, Pröll-Cornelissen MJ, Heuß EM, Dauben CM, Henne H, Appel AK, Schellander K, Tholen E, Große-Brinkhaus C. Genetic parameters of immune traits for Landrace and Large White pig breeds. J Anim Breed Genet 2022; 139:695-709. [PMID: 35904167 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Improving the immunocompetence towards pathogens represents a desirable objective of breeding strategies to increase resilience. However, the immune system is complex and the genetic foundation of the underlying components is not yet clarified. In the present study, we focused on 22 blood parameters of 1,144 Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW) piglets at the age of 6-7 weeks. The immune profiles covered immune cells, red blood cell characteristics and cytokines. Genetic parameters based on pedigree information along with possible environmental effects were estimated. Litter effects play an important role in the expression of immune parameters of their young progenies. Hence, litter impacts on the piglet's immune profile including the immune parameters of the dam itself were investigated by different models. To incorporate the complexity of the immune network, the data were further investigated with a principal component analysis. Immune traits showed low to high breed-specific heritabilities (h2 ). Strong positive rg were estimated among red blood cell characteristics (0.77-0.99) and among cytokines (0.48-0.99). Neutrophils and lymphocytes illustrated a high negative rg (-0.96 to -0.98). The litter impact on piglet's immunity was examined and strengthened already observed breed differences. In LR, h2 (0.22-0.15) and litter effect (c2 ) (0.52-0.44) for IFN-γ decreased after statistical consideration of maternal impact. In LW, a decrease in h2 (0.32-0.18) for IFN-γ and an increase in c2 (0.54-0.56) were observed. Here, sufficient correlations were detected within various immune traits and functional biological networks of principal components. Most immune traits are heritable and are promising to cover global breed-specific immunocompetence in pigs. The analysis of immune traits has to be extended in order to find an optimal range and to characterize relationships between immunity and performance to gain an improved immune system without accidental losses in productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Roth
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Application of Gene Editing Technology in Resistance Breeding of Livestock. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071070. [PMID: 35888158 PMCID: PMC9325061 DOI: 10.3390/life12071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a new genetic engineering technology, gene editing can precisely modify the specific gene sequence of the organism’s genome. In the last 10 years, with the rapid development of gene editing technology, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like endonucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas9 systems have been applied to modify endogenous genes in organisms accurately. Now, gene editing technology has been used in mice, zebrafish, pigs, cattle, goats, sheep, rabbits, monkeys, and other species. Breeding for disease-resistance in agricultural animals tends to be a difficult task for traditional breeding, but gene editing technology has made this easier. In this work, we overview the development and application of gene editing technology in the resistance breeding of livestock. Also, we further discuss the prospects and outlooks of gene editing technology in disease-resistance breeding.
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Lipsit S, Facciuolo A, Scruten E, Griebel P, Napper S. Plasma Cytokines and Birth Weight as Biomarkers of Vaccine-Induced Humoral Responses in Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:922992. [PMID: 35903142 PMCID: PMC9325413 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.922992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to mount an effective immune response to vaccination leaves individuals at risk for infection and can compromise herd immunity. Vaccine unresponsiveness can range from poor responses “low responders” to a failure to seroconvert “non-responders.” Biomarkers of vaccine unresponsiveness, particularly those measured at the time of vaccination, could facilitate more strategic vaccination programs. We previously reported that pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling within peripheral blood mononuclear cells, elevated plasma interferon-gamma (IFNγ), and low birth weight correlated with vaccine-induced serum IgG titers in piglets that were below the threshold of detectable seroconversion (vaccine non-responders). These observations suggested that plasma IFNγ concentration and birth weight might serve as pre-vaccination biomarkers of vaccine unresponsiveness. To test this hypothesis, piglets (n = 67) from a different production facility were vaccinated with the same commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin (RespiSure-One) to determine if there was a consistent and significant association between vaccine-induced serum IgG titers and either plasma cytokine concentrations or birth weight. All piglets seroconverted following vaccination with significantly less variability in vaccine-induced serum IgG titers than observed in the previous vaccine trial. Piglets exhibited highly variable birth weights and plasma cytokine concentrations prior to vaccination, but there were no significant associations (p > 0.05) between these variables and vaccine-induced serum IgG titers. There were significant (p < 0.001) differences in plasma IFNγ concentrations among individual litters (n = 6), and plasma IFNγ concentrations decreased in all pigs from birth to 63-days of age. One of the six litters (n = 11 piglets) exhibited significantly elevated plasma IFNγ concentrations during the first 3 weeks of life (p < 0.001) and at the time of vaccination (p < 0.01). This litter, however, had similar vaccine-induced serum IgG titers when compared to the other piglets in this study. Collectively the two studies indicate that while plasma cytokines and birth weight can be associated with vaccine non-responsiveness, their temporal and individual variation, as well as the complexity of the vaccine responsiveness phenotype, make them inconsistent biomarkers for predicting the less extreme phenotype of vaccine low responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Lipsit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Antonio Facciuolo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Erin Scruten
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Scott Napper
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Bai X, Plastow GS. Breeding for disease resilience: opportunities to manage polymicrobial challenge and improve commercial performance in the pig industry. CABI AGRICULTURE AND BIOSCIENCE 2022; 3:6. [PMID: 35072100 PMCID: PMC8761052 DOI: 10.1186/s43170-022-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Disease resilience, defined as an animal's ability to maintain productive performance in the face of infection, provides opportunities to manage the polymicrobial challenge common in pig production. Disease resilience can deliver a number of benefits, including more sustainable production as well as improved animal health and the potential for reduced antimicrobial use. However, little progress has been made to date in the application of disease resilience in breeding programs due to a number of factors, including (1) confusion around definitions of disease resilience and its component traits disease resistance and tolerance, and (2) the difficulty in characterizing such a complex trait consisting of multiple biological functions and dynamic elements of rates of response and recovery from infection. Accordingly, this review refines the definitions of disease resistance, tolerance, and resilience based on previous studies to help improve the understanding and application of these breeding goals and traits under different scenarios. We also describe and summarize results from a "natural disease challenge model" designed to provide inputs for selection of disease resilience. The next steps for managing polymicrobial challenges faced by the pig industry will include the development of large-scale multi-omics data, new phenotyping technologies, and mathematical and statistical methods adapted to these data. Genome editing to produce pigs resistant to major diseases may complement selection for disease resilience along with continued efforts in the more traditional areas of biosecurity, vaccination and treatment. Altogether genomic approaches provide exciting opportunities for the pig industry to overcome the challenges provided by hard-to-manage diseases as well as new environmental challenges associated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Bai
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Graham S. Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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10
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Crespo-Piazuelo D, Ramayo-Caldas Y, González-Rodríguez O, Pascual M, Quintanilla R, Ballester M. A Co-Association Network Analysis Reveals Putative Regulators for Health-Related Traits in Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:784978. [PMID: 34899750 PMCID: PMC8662732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the increase in awareness of antimicrobial resistance together with the societal demand of healthier meat products have driven attention to health-related traits in livestock production. Previous studies have reported medium to high heritabilities for these traits and described genomic regions associated with them. Despite its genetic component, health- and immunity-related traits are complex and its study by association analysis with genomic markers may be missing some information. To analyse multiple phenotypes and gene-by-gene interactions, systems biology approaches, such as the association weight matrix (AWM), allows combining genome wide association study results with network inference algorithms. The present study aimed to identify gene networks, key regulators and candidate genes associated to immunocompetence in pigs by integrating multiple health-related traits, enriched for innate immune phenotypes, using the AWM approach. The co-association network analysis unveiled a network comprised of 3,636 nodes (genes) and 451,407 edges (interactions), including a total of 246 regulators. From these, five genes (ARNT2, BRMS1L, MED12L, SUPT3H and TRIM25) were selected as key regulators as they were associated with the maximum number of genes with the minimum overlapping (1,827 genes in total). The five regulators were involved in pathways related to immunity such as lymphocyte differentiation and activation, platelet activation and degranulation, megakaryocyte differentiation, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis and response to nitric oxide, among others, but also in immunometabolism. Furthermore, we identified genes co-associated with the key regulators previously reported as candidate genes (e.g., ANGPT1, CD4, CD36, DOCK1, PDE4B, PRKCE, PTPRC and SH2B3) for immunity traits in humans and pigs, but also new candidate ones (e.g., ACSL3, CXADR, HBB, MMP12, PTPN6, WLS) that were not previously described. The co-association analysis revealed new regulators associated with health-related traits in pigs. This approach also identified gene-by-gene interactions and candidate genes involved in pathways related to cell fate and metabolic and immune functions. Our results shed new light in the regulatory mechanisms involved in pig immunity and reinforce the use of the pig as biomedical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Olga González-Rodríguez
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Mariam Pascual
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
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11
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Ramayo-Caldas Y, Zingaretti LM, Pérez-Pascual D, Alexandre PA, Reverter A, Dalmau A, Quintanilla R, Ballester M. Leveraging host-genetics and gut microbiota to determine immunocompetence in pigs. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:74. [PMID: 34689834 PMCID: PMC8543910 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota influences host performance playing a relevant role in homeostasis and function of the immune system. The aim of the present work was to identify microbial signatures linked to immunity traits and to characterize the contribution of host-genome and gut microbiota to the immunocompetence in healthy pigs. RESULTS To achieve this goal, we undertook a combination of network, mixed model and microbial-wide association studies (MWAS) for 21 immunity traits and the relative abundance of gut bacterial communities in 389 pigs genotyped for 70K SNPs. The heritability (h2; proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the host genetics) and microbiability (m2; proportion of variance explained by the microbial composition) showed similar values for most of the analyzed immunity traits, except for both IgM and IgG in plasma that was dominated by the host genetics, and the haptoglobin in serum which was the trait with larger m2 (0.275) compared to h2 (0.138). Results from the MWAS suggested a polymicrobial nature of the immunocompetence in pigs and revealed associations between pigs gut microbiota composition and 15 of the analyzed traits. The lymphocytes phagocytic capacity (quantified as mean fluorescence) and the total number of monocytes in blood were the traits associated with the largest number of taxa (6 taxa). Among the associations identified by MWAS, 30% were confirmed by an information theory network approach. The strongest confirmed associations were between Fibrobacter and phagocytic capacity of lymphocytes (r = 0.37), followed by correlations between Streptococcus and the percentage of phagocytic lymphocytes (r = -0.34) and between Megasphaera and serum concentration of haptoglobin (r = 0.26). In the interaction network, Streptococcus and percentage of phagocytic lymphocytes were the keystone bacterial and immune-trait, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings reveal an important connection between gut microbiota composition and immunity traits in pigs, and highlight the need to consider both sources of information, host genome and microbial levels, to accurately characterize immunocompetence in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimón, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura M. Zingaretti
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Pascual
- Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, Paris, France
| | | | - Antonio Reverter
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Antoni Dalmau
- Animal Welfare Subprogram, IRTA, 17121 Monells, Girona Spain
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimón, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimón, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona Spain
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12
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Dauben CM, Pröll-Cornelissen MJ, Heuß EM, Appel AK, Henne H, Roth K, Schellander K, Tholen E, Große-Brinkhaus C. Genome-wide associations for immune traits in two maternal pig lines. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:717. [PMID: 34610786 PMCID: PMC8491387 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, animal welfare and health has become more and more important in pig breeding. So far, numerous parameters have been considered as important biomarkers, especially in the immune reaction and inflammation. Previous studies have shown moderate to high heritabilities in most of these traits. However, the genetic background of health and robustness of pigs needs to be extensively clarified. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions with a biological relevance for the immunocompetence of piglets. Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) in 535 Landrace (LR) and 461 Large White (LW) piglets were performed, investigating 20 immune relevant traits. Besides the health indicators of the complete and differential blood count, eight different cytokines and haptoglobin were recorded in all piglets and their biological dams to capture mediating processes and acute phase reactions. Additionally, all animals were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60v2 BeadChip. Results In summary, GWAS detected 25 genome-wide and 452 chromosome-wide significant SNPs associated with 17 immune relevant traits in the two maternal pig lines LR and LW. Only small differences were observed considering the maternal immune records as covariate within the statistical model. Furthermore, the study identified across- and within-breed differences as well as relevant candidate genes. In LR more significant associations and related candidate genes were detected, compared with LW. The results detected in LR and LW are partly in accordance with previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions. In addition, promising novel genomic regions were identified which might be of interest for further detailed analysis. Especially putative pleiotropic regions on SSC5, SSC12, SSC15, SSC16 and SSC17 are of major interest with regard to the interacting structure of the immune system. The comparison with already identified QTL gives indications on interactions with traits affecting piglet survival and also production traits. Conclusion In conclusion, results suggest a polygenic and breed-specific background of immune relevant traits. The current study provides knowledge about regions with biological relevance for health and immune traits. Identified markers and putative pleiotropic regions provide first indications in the context of balancing a breeding-based modification of the porcine immune system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s12864-021-07997-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Dauben
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | | | - Esther M Heuß
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Anne K Appel
- BHZP GmbH, An der Wassermühle 8, Dahlenburg-Ellringen, 21368, Germany
| | - Hubert Henne
- BHZP GmbH, An der Wassermühle 8, Dahlenburg-Ellringen, 21368, Germany
| | - Katharina Roth
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany
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13
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Chen AYA, Huang CW, Liu SH, Liu AC, Chaung HC. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Immunity-Related Genes and Their Effects on Immunophenotypes in Different Pig Breeds. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091377. [PMID: 34573362 PMCID: PMC8471458 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing resistance and tolerance to pathogens remains an important selection objective in the production of livestock animals. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) vary gene expression at the transcriptional level, influencing an individual's immune regulation and susceptibility to diseases. In this study, we investigated the distribution of SNP sites in immune-related genes and their correlations with cell surface markers of immune cells within purebred (Taiwan black, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire) and crossbred (Landrace-Yorkshire) pigs. Thirty-nine SNPs of immune-related genes, including 11 cytokines, 5 chemokines and 23 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (interferon-α and γ (IFN-α, γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) were selected, and the percentages of positive cells with five cell surface markers of CD4, CD8, CD80/86, MHCI, and MHCII were analyzed. There were 28 SNPs that were significantly different among breeds, particularly between Landrace and Taiwan black. For instance, the frequency of SNP1 IFN-α -235A/G in Taiwan black and Landrace was 11.11% and 96.15%, respectively. In addition, 18 SNPs significantly correlated with the expression of cell surface markers, including CD4, CD8, CD80/86, and MHCII. The percentage of CD4+ (39.27%) in SNP33 TLR-8 543C/C was significantly higher than those in A/C (24.34%), at p < 0.05. Together, our findings show that Taiwan black pigs had a unique genotype distribution, whereas Landrace and Yorkshire had a more similar genotype distribution. Thus, an understanding of the genetic uniqueness of each breed could help to identify functionally important SNPs in immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ying-An Chen
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; (A.Y.-A.C.); (A.-C.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Huang
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan;
| | - Shyh-Hwa Liu
- Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan;
| | - An-Chi Liu
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; (A.Y.-A.C.); (A.-C.L.)
| | - Hso-Chi Chaung
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; (A.Y.-A.C.); (A.-C.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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14
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Jeon RL, Gilbert C, Cheng J, Putz AM, Dyck MK, Plastow GS, Fortin F, Dekkers JCM, Harding JCS. Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy piglets after mitogen stimulation as indicators of disease resilience. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6263915. [PMID: 33944943 PMCID: PMC8363040 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease resilience refers to the productivity of an animal under disease. Given the high biosecurity of pig nucleus herds, traits that can be measured on healthy pigs and that are genetically correlated with disease resilience, that is, genetic indicator traits, offer a strategy to select for disease resilience. Our objective was to evaluate mitogen stimulation assays (MSAs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from young healthy pigs as genetic indicators for disease resilience. Data were from a natural disease challenge in which batches of 60 or 75 naïve Yorkshire × Landrace piglets were introduced every 3 wk into a continuous flow barn that was seeded with multiple diseases. In this environment, disease resilience traits, including growth, treatment, and mortality rates, were recorded on 3,136 pigs that were genotyped with a high-density marker panel. PBMCs from 882 of these pigs from 19 batches were isolated from whole blood collected prior to the disease challenge and stimulated with five mitogens: concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The proliferation of cells was evaluated at 48, 72, and 96 h and compared with unstimulated samples (rest count). Heritabilities of cell proliferation were estimated using a model with batch as a fixed effect and covariates of entry age; rest count; complete blood count proportions of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils; and pen, litter, and animal genetics as random effects. Heritability estimates were highest for response to ConA (0.30 ± 0.09, 0.28 ± 0.10, 0.17 ± 0.10, and 0.25 ±0.10 at 48, 72, and 96 h after stimulation and for area under the curve across the three time points, respectively). Estimates were in a similar range for response to PHA and PMA but low for PWM and LPS. Responses to ConA, PHA, and PMA were moderately genetically correlated with several disease resilience traits and in the expected direction, but individual estimates were not significantly different from zero due to large SEs. In conclusion, although validation is needed, MSAss, in particular based on ConA, show promise as genetic indicator traits for disease resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA
| | - Austin M Putz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.,Swine Business Unit, Hendrix Genetics, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Mike K Dyck
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frederic Fortin
- Centre de développement du porc du Québec inc., Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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15
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Uemoto Y, Ichinoseki K, Matsumoto T, Oka N, Takamori H, Kadowaki H, Kojima-Shibata C, Suzuki E, Okamura T, Aso H, Kitazawa H, Satoh M, Uenishi H, Suzuki K. Genome-wide association studies for production, respiratory disease, and immune-related traits in Landrace pigs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15823. [PMID: 34349215 PMCID: PMC8338966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) related to a chronic respiratory disease such as Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) and immune-related traits is important for the genetic improvement of disease resistance in pigs. The objective of this study was to detect a novel QTL for a total of 22 production, respiratory disease, and immune-related traits in Landrace pigs. A total of 874 Landrace purebred pigs, which were selected based on MPS resistance, were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. We performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based and haplotype-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect a novel QTL and to evaluate the possibility of a pleiotropic QTL for these traits. SNP-based GWAS detected a total of six significant regions in backfat thickness, ratio of granular leucocytes to lymphatic cells, plasma concentration of cortisol at different ages, and complement alternative pathway activity in serum. The significant region detected by haplotype-based GWAS was overlapped across the region detected by SNP-based GWAS. Most of these detected QTL regions were novel regions with some candidate genes located in them. With regard to a pleiotropic QTL among traits, only three of these detected QTL regions overlapped among traits, and many detected regions independently affected the traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Uemoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Kasumi Ichinoseki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toshimi Matsumoto
- Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Nozomi Oka
- Miyagi Prefecture Animal Industry Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6445, Japan
| | - Hironori Takamori
- Miyagi Prefecture Animal Industry Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6445, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadowaki
- Miyagi Prefecture Animal Industry Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6445, Japan
| | | | - Eisaku Suzuki
- Miyagi Prefecture Animal Industry Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6445, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamura
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Keiichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
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16
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Borey M, Blanc F, Lemonnier G, Leplat JJ, Jardet D, Rossignol MN, Ravon L, Billon Y, Bernard M, Estellé J, Rogel-Gaillard C. Links between fecal microbiota and the response to vaccination against influenza A virus in pigs. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:92. [PMID: 34294732 PMCID: PMC8298503 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the associations between fecal microbiota and vaccine response variability in pigs, using 98 piglets vaccinated against the influenza A virus at 28 days of age (D28) with a booster at D49. Immune response to the vaccine is measured at D49, D56, D63, and D146 by serum levels of IAV-specific IgG and assays of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). Analysis of the pre-vaccination microbiota characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA reveals a higher vaccine response in piglets with a richer microbiota, and shows that 23 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are differentially abundant between high and low IAV-specific IgG producers at D63. A stronger immune response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genus Prevotella and family Muribaculaceae, and a weaker response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genera Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella. A set of 81 OTUs accurately predicts IAV-specific IgG and HAI titer levels at all time points, highlighting early and late associations between pre-vaccination fecal microbiota composition and immune response to the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Borey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Fany Blanc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëtan Lemonnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Deborah Jardet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | - Maria Bernard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jordi Estellé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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17
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High Heritabilities for Antibiotic Usage Show Potential to Breed for Disease Resistance in Finishing Pigs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070829. [PMID: 34356750 PMCID: PMC8300637 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in animal production is under public debate, mainly due to the risk of transfer of resistance to pathogenic bacteria in humans. Therefore, measures have been taken during the last few decades to reduce antibiotic usage in animals, for instance, by national monitoring programmes and by improving animal health management. Although some initiatives exist in molecular genetic selection, quantitative genetic selection of animals towards decreased antibiotic usage is an underexplored area to reduce antibiotic usage. However, this strategy could yield cumulative effects. In this study, we derived new phenotypes from on-farm parenteral antibiotic records from commercially grown crossbred finishing pigs used in the progeny test of Piétrain terminal sires to investigate the heritability of antibiotics usage. Parenteral antibiotic records, production parameters and pedigree records of 2238 full-sib pens from two experimental farms in Belgium between 2014 and 2020 were analysed. Heritability estimates were moderate (18–44%) for phenotypes derived from all antibiotic treatments, and low (1–15%) for phenotypes derived from treatments against respiratory diseases only. Moreover, genetic correlations between these new phenotypes and mortality were low to moderate (0.08–0.60) and no strong adverse genetic correlations with production traits were found. The high heritabilities and favourable genetic correlations suggest these new phenotypes, derived from on-farm antibiotics records, to be promising for inclusion in future pig breeding programs to breed for a decrease in antibiotics usage.
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18
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Blanc F, Maroilley T, Revilla M, Lemonnier G, Leplat JJ, Billon Y, Ravon L, Bouchez O, Bidanel JP, Bed'Hom B, Pinard-van der Laan MH, Estellé J, Rogel-Gaillard C. Influence of genetics and the pre-vaccination blood transcriptome on the variability of antibody levels after vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs. Genet Sel Evol 2021; 53:24. [PMID: 33731010 PMCID: PMC7972226 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of individual genetic and genomic variations on immune responses is an emerging lever investigated in vaccination strategies. In our study, we used genetic and pre-vaccination blood transcriptomic data to study vaccine effectiveness in pigs. Results A cohort of 182 Large White pigs was vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) at weaning (28 days of age), with a booster 21 days later. Vaccine response was assessed by measuring seric M. hyo antibodies (Ab) at 0 (vaccination day), 21 (booster day), 28, 35, and 118 days post-vaccination (dpv). Inter-individual variability of M. hyo Ab levels was observed at all time points and the corresponding heritabilities ranged from 0.46 to 0.57. Ab persistence was higher in females than in males. Genome-wide association studies with a 658 K SNP panel revealed two genomic regions associated with variations of M. hyo Ab levels at 21 dpv at positions where immunity-related genes have been mapped, DAB2IP on chromosome 1, and ASAP1, CYRIB and GSDMC on chromosome 4. We studied covariations of Ab responses with the pre-vaccination blood transcriptome obtained by RNA-Seq for a subset of 82 pigs. Weighted gene correlation network and differential expression analyses between pigs that differed in Ab responses highlighted biological functions that were enriched in heme biosynthesis and platelet activation for low response at 21 dpv, innate antiviral immunity and dendritic cells for high response at 28 and 35 dpv, and cell adhesion and extracellular matrix for high response at 118 dpv. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis identified 101 genes that efficiently predicted divergent responders at all time points. We found weak negative correlations of M. hyo Ab levels with body weight traits, which revealed a trade-off that needs to be further explored. Conclusions We confirmed the influence of the host genetics on vaccine effectiveness to M. hyo and provided evidence that the pre-vaccination blood transcriptome co-varies with the Ab response. Our results highlight that both genetic markers and blood biomarkers could be used as potential predictors of vaccine response levels and more studies are required to assess whether they can be exploited in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fany Blanc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Tatiana Maroilley
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Manuel Revilla
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëtan Lemonnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Leplat
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Bidanel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bertrand Bed'Hom
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Jordi Estellé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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19
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Genetic parameters of animal traits associated with coccidian and nematode parasite load and growth in Scottish Blackface sheep. Animal 2021; 15:100185. [PMID: 33653675 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasitism is a global problem for grazing ruminants which can be addressed in a sustainable way through breeding animals to be more resistant to disease. This study estimates the genetic parameters of common and new disease phenotypes associated with natural nematode and coccidian infection in Scottish Blackface sheep to underpin future genetic improvement strategies for parasite control. Data on faecal egg counts (FEC) from different species of strongyle parasites and faecal oocyst counts (FOC) from coccidian parasites were collected on 3-month-old lambs together with a faecal soiling score in the breech area dagginess (DAG) and live weight (LWT). Faecal count data were obtained for Strongyles (FECS), Nematodirus (FECN) and Coccidia (FOC). Data from 3 731 lambs sampled between 2011 and 2017 were included. Faecal egg counts and DAG records were log-transformed prior to analysis. Data were analysed using linear mixed models. Average age at sampling was 92 days with a mean LWT of 24.5 kg. Faecal soiling was not evident in 69% of lambs. Coccidia were the most prevalent parasite (99.5%), while Strongyles and Nematodirus had a prevalence of 95.4% and 72.7%, respectively. Heritability estimates (±SE) were 0.16 ± 0.03, 0.17 ± 0.03, 0.09 ± 0.03, 0.09 ± 0.03 and 0.33 ± 0.04 for FECS, FECN, FOC, DAG and LWT, respectively. Strongyles faecal egg count had a strong and positive genetic correlation with FECN (0.74 ± 0.09) and a moderate positive correlation with FOC (0.39 ± 0.15) while DAG was negatively genetically correlated with LWT (-0.33 ± 0.15). The significant positive genetic correlations between FECS, FECN and FOC at 3 months of age show that co-selection of sheep for resistance to these different parasites is feasible. Selection for increased resistance to parasite infection is not expected to adversely affect live BW, as no significant antagonistic genetic correlations were found between LWT and FEC. There were significant antagonistic phenotypic and genetic relationships between DAG and LWT being -0.19 ± 0.02 and -0.33 ± 0.15, respectively, indicating that the expression of the manifestation of disease in lambs may be a more meaningful indicator of the impact of parasite burden on productivity.
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20
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Mehrotra A, Bhushan B, Kumar A, Panigrahi M, A K, Singh A, Tiwari AK, Pausch H, Dutt T, Mishra BP. A 1.6 Mb region on SSC2 is associated with antibody response to classical swine fever vaccination in a mixed pig population. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:1128-1133. [PMID: 33451274 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1873145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is a contagious viral disease of pigs which is endemic in several parts of the world, including India. Prophylactic vaccination using live attenuated vaccine is the preferred method of control. However, there is significant inter-individual variation in the antibody response to vaccination. In this study, we measured the E2 antibody blocking percentage after 21 days of CSF vaccination in a mixed pig population consisting of Landrace, indigenous Ghurrah pigs, and their crossbreds. A Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) carried out using single-SNP and haplotype based methods detected a 1.6 Mb region on SSC2 (28.92-30.52 Mb) as significantly associated with antibody response to CSF vaccination. The significant region and 1 Mb flanking sequences encompass 3 genes - EIF3M, DNAJC24 and ARL14EP, which code for proteins involved in Pestivirus replication and host immune response system. Our results combined with previous studies on immune response of pigs present this region as a suitable candidate for future functional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Mehrotra
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Karthikeyan A
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Akansha Singh
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Ashok K Tiwari
- Biological Standardization Division, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | | | - Triveni Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Bishnu P Mishra
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
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21
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Islam MA, Rony SA, Rahman MB, Cinar MU, Villena J, Uddin MJ, Kitazawa H. Improvement of Disease Resistance in Livestock: Application of Immunogenomics and CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2236. [PMID: 33260762 PMCID: PMC7761152 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease occurrence adversely affects livestock production and animal welfare, and have an impact on both human health and public perception of food-animals production. Combined efforts from farmers, animal scientists, and veterinarians have been continuing to explore the effective disease control approaches for the production of safe animal-originated food. Implementing the immunogenomics, along with genome editing technology, has been considering as the key approach for safe food-animal production through the improvement of the host genetic resistance. Next-generation sequencing, as a cutting-edge technique, enables the production of high throughput transcriptomic and genomic profiles resulted from host-pathogen interactions. Immunogenomics combine the transcriptomic and genomic data that links to host resistance to disease, and predict the potential candidate genes and their genomic locations. Genome editing, which involves insertion, deletion, or modification of one or more genes in the DNA sequence, is advancing rapidly and may be poised to become a commercial reality faster than it has thought. The clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) [CRISPR/Cas9] system has recently emerged as a powerful tool for genome editing in agricultural food production including livestock disease management. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated insertion of NRAMP1 gene for producing tuberculosis resistant cattle, and deletion of CD163 gene for producing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) resistant pigs are two groundbreaking applications of genome editing in livestock. In this review, we have highlighted the technological advances of livestock immunogenomics and the principles and scopes of application of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted genome editing in animal breeding for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Aminul Islam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural University Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Research and Education Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Sharmin Aqter Rony
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammad Bozlur Rahman
- Department of Livestock Services, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh;
| | - Mehmet Ulas Cinar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural University Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA), Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
- School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural University Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Research and Education Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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22
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Genetic parameters and associated genomic regions for global immunocompetence and other health-related traits in pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18462. [PMID: 33116177 PMCID: PMC7595139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of health-related traits, or functionally associated genetic markers, in pig breeding programs could contribute to produce more robust and disease resistant animals. The aim of the present work was to study the genetic determinism and genomic regions associated to global immunocompetence and health in a Duroc pig population. For this purpose, a set of 30 health-related traits covering immune (mainly innate), haematological, and stress parameters were measured in 432 healthy Duroc piglets aged 8 weeks. Moderate to high heritabilities were obtained for most traits and significant genetic correlations among them were observed. A genome wide association study pointed out 31 significantly associated SNPs at whole-genome level, located in six chromosomal regions on pig chromosomes SSC4, SSC6, SSC17 and SSCX, for IgG, γδ T-cells, C-reactive protein, lymphocytes phagocytic capacity, total number of lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. A total of 16 promising functionally-related candidate genes, including CRP, NFATC2, PRDX1, SLA, ST3GAL1, and VPS4A, have been proposed to explain the variation of immune and haematological traits. Our results enhance the knowledge of the genetic control of traits related with immunity and support the possibility of applying effective selection programs to improve immunocompetence in pigs.
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23
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Chen Y, Tibbs Cortes LE, Ashley C, Putz AM, Lim KS, Dyck MK, Fortin F, Plastow GS, Dekkers JCM, Harding JCS. The genetic basis of natural antibody titers of young healthy pigs and relationships with disease resilience. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:648. [PMID: 32962629 PMCID: PMC7510148 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease resilience is the ability to maintain performance under pathogen exposure but is difficult to select for because breeding populations are raised under high health. Selection for resilience requires a trait that is heritable, easy to measure on healthy animals, and genetically correlated with resilience. Natural antibodies (NAb) are important parts of the innate immune system and are found to be heritable and associated with disease susceptibility in dairy cattle and poultry. Our objective was to investigate NAb and total IgG in blood of healthy, young pigs as potential indicator traits for disease resilience. Results Data were from Yorkshire x Landrace pigs, with IgG and IgM NAb (four antigens) and total IgG measured by ELISA in blood plasma collected ~ 1 week after weaning, prior to their exposure to a natural polymicrobial challenge. Heritability estimates were lower for IgG NAb (0.12 to 0.24, + 0.05) and for total IgG (0.19 + 0.05) than for IgM NAb (0.33 to 0.53, + 0.07) but maternal effects were larger for IgG NAb (0.41 to 0.52, + 0.03) and for total IgG (0.19 + 0.05) than for IgM NAb (0.00 to 0.10, + 0.04). Phenotypically, IgM NAb titers were moderately correlated with each other (average 0.60), as were IgG NAb titers (average 0.42), but correlations between IgM and IgG NAb titers were weak (average 0.09). Phenotypic correlations of total IgG were moderate with NAb IgG (average 0.46) but weak with NAb IgM (average 0.01). Estimates of genetic correlations among NAb showed similar patterns but with small SE, with estimates averaging 0.76 among IgG NAb, 0.63 among IgM NAb, 0.17 between IgG and IgM NAb, 0.64 between total IgG and IgG NAb, and 0.13 between total IgG and IgM NAb. Phenotypically, pigs that survived had slightly higher levels of NAb and total IgG than pigs that died. Genetically, higher levels of NAb tended to be associated with greater disease resilience based on lower mortality and fewer parenteral antibiotic treatments. Genome-wide association analyses for NAb titers identified several genomic regions, with several candidate genes for immune response. Conclusions Levels of NAb in blood of healthy young piglets are heritable and potential genetic indicators of resilience to polymicrobial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Carolyn Ashley
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Austin M Putz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kyu-Sang Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael K Dyck
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frederic Fortin
- Centre de développement du porc du Québec inc. (CDPQ), Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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24
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Ogawa S, Yazaki N, Ohnishi C, Ishii K, Uemoto Y, Satoh M. Maternal effect on body measurement and meat production traits in purebred Duroc pigs. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:237-245. [PMID: 32949477 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated maternal effect on nine body measurement traits (body height, body length, front width (FW), chest width (CW), hind width (HW), chest depth, chest girth (CHG), front cannon circumference (FCC) and rear cannon circumference (RCC)) measured at the end of performance testing and five meat production traits (ages at the start and end of performance testing (D30 and D105), average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness and loin muscle area) in purebred Duroc pigs. Genetic parameters for each trait were estimated by using six single-trait models with and without common litter environmental effect, maternal genetic effect and direct-maternal genetic correlation. The value of Akaike's information criterion was lowest with the model including direct additive genetic and common litter environmental effects for 10 traits. The estimated proportion of common litter environmental variance to phenotypic variance was approximately ≥0.1 for D30, D105, ADG, FW, CW, HW, CHG, FCC and RCC. Using a model without common litter environmental effect would overestimate the direct heritability of most traits. Standard errors of estimated genetic parameters tended to be larger in models including maternal genetic effect. The results indicate that a compromise could be made for accurate genetic parameter estimation for body measurement traits, as well as meat production traits, in pigs by considering common litter environmental effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yazaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chika Ohnishi
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Miyazaki Station, Kobayashi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ishii
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Uemoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Bronzo V, Lopreiato V, Riva F, Amadori M, Curone G, Addis MF, Cremonesi P, Moroni P, Trevisi E, Castiglioni B. The Role of Innate Immune Response and Microbiome in Resilience of Dairy Cattle to Disease: The Mastitis Model. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1397. [PMID: 32796642 PMCID: PMC7459693 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal health is affected by many factors such as metabolic stress, the immune system, and epidemiological features that interconnect. The immune system has evolved along with the phylogenetic evolution as a highly refined sensing and response system, poised to react against diverse infectious and non-infectious stressors for better survival and adaptation. It is now known that high genetic merit for milk yield is correlated with a defective control of the inflammatory response, underlying the occurrence of several production diseases. This is evident in the mastitis model where high-yielding dairy cows show high disease prevalence of the mammary gland with reduced effectiveness of the innate immune system and poor control over the inflammatory response to microbial agents. There is growing evidence of epigenetic effects on innate immunity genes underlying the response to common microbial agents. The aforementioned agents, along with other non-infectious stressors, can give rise to abnormal activation of the innate immune system, underlying serious disease conditions, and affecting milk yield. Furthermore, the microbiome also plays a role in shaping immune functions and disease resistance as a whole. Accordingly, proper modulation of the microbiome can be pivotal to successful disease control strategies. These strategies can benefit from a fundamental re-appraisal of native cattle breeds as models of disease resistance based on successful coping of both infectious and non-infectious stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Bronzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Dipartimento di Scienze animali, Alimentazione e Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Scienze Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (V.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Federica Riva
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Massimo Amadori
- Rete Nazionale di Immunologia Veterinaria, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulio Curone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology in Agriculture, National Research Council (CNR), 26900 Lodi, Italy; (P.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze animali, Alimentazione e Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Scienze Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (V.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology in Agriculture, National Research Council (CNR), 26900 Lodi, Italy; (P.C.); (B.C.)
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26
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Chinchilla-Vargas J, Kramer LM, Tucker JD, Hubbell DS, Powell JG, Lester TD, Backes EA, Anschutz K, Decker JE, Stalder KJ, Rothschild MF, Koltes JE. Genetic Basis of Blood-Based Traits and Their Relationship With Performance and Environment in Beef Cattle at Weaning. Front Genet 2020; 11:717. [PMID: 32719722 PMCID: PMC7350949 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to explore the usefulness of blood-based traits as indicators of health and performance in beef cattle at weaning and identify the genetic basis underlying the different blood parameters obtained from complete blood counts (CBCs). Disease costs represent one of the main factors determining profitability in animal production. Previous research has observed associations between blood cell counts and an animal’s health status in some species. CBC were recorded from approximately 570 Angus based, crossbred beef calves at weaning born between 2015 and 2016 and raised on toxic or novel tall fescue. The calves (N = ∼600) were genotyped at a density of 50k SNPs and the genotypes (N = 1160) were imputed to a density of 270k SNPs. Genetic parameters were estimated for 15 blood and 4 production. Finally, with the objective of identifying the genetic basis underlying the different blood-based traits, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed for all traits. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.11 to 0.60, and generally weak phenotypic correlations and strong genetic correlations were observed among blood-based traits only. Genome-wide association study identified ninety-one 1-Mb windows that accounted for 0.5% or more of the estimated genetic variance for at least 1 trait with 21 windows overlapping across two or more traits (explaining more than 0.5% of estimated genetic variance for two or more traits). Five candidate genes have been identified in the most interesting overlapping regions related to blood-based traits. Overall, this study represents one of the first efforts represented in scientific literature to identify the genetic basis of blood cell traits in beef cattle. The results presented in this study allow us to conclude that: (1) blood-based traits have weak phenotypic correlations but strong genetic correlations among themselves. (2) Blood-based traits have moderate to high heritability. (3) There is evidence of an important overlap of genetic control among similar blood-based traits which will allow for their use in improvement programs in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke M Kramer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - John D Tucker
- Division of Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry Research Station, Batesville, AR, United States
| | - Donald S Hubbell
- Division of Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry Research Station, Batesville, AR, United States
| | - Jeremy G Powell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Toby D Lester
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Backes
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Karen Anschutz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jared E Decker
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kenneth J Stalder
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Max F Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - James E Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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27
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Bai X, Putz AM, Wang Z, Fortin F, Harding JCS, Dyck MK, Dekkers JCM, Field CJ, Plastow GS, Canada P. Exploring Phenotypes for Disease Resilience in Pigs Using Complete Blood Count Data From a Natural Disease Challenge Model. Front Genet 2020; 11:216. [PMID: 32231686 PMCID: PMC7083204 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease resilience is a valuable trait to help manage infectious diseases in livestock. It is anticipated that improved disease resilience will sustainably increase production efficiency, as resilient animals maintain their performance in the face of infection. The objective of this study was to identify phenotypes related to disease resilience using complete blood count (CBC) data from a wean-to-finish natural disease challenge model, established to mimic the disease pressure caused by many common pathogens at the commercial level of pig production. In total, 2433 F1 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows that went through the natural disease challenge model were classified into four groups (resilient, average, susceptible, and dead) based on their divergent responses in terms of growth and individual treatment. Three sets of blood samples for CBC analysis were drawn at 2-weeks before, and at 2- and 6-weeks after the challenge: Blood 1, Blood 3, and Blood 4 respectively. CBC of Blood 1 taken from healthy pigs before challenge did not show differences between groups. However, resilient animals were found to be primed to initiate a faster adaptive immune response and recover earlier following infection, with greater increases of lymphocyte concentration from Blood 1 to Blood 3 and for hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit from Blood 3 to Blood 4, but a lower neutrophil concentration from Blood 3 to Blood 4 than in susceptible and dead animals (FDR < 0.05). The CBC traits in response to the challenge were found to be heritable and genetically correlated with growth and treatment, which may indicate the potential for developing CBC under disease or commercial conditions as a phenotype in commercial systems as part of developing predictions for disease resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Bai
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Austin M Putz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frédéric Fortin
- Centre de Développement du Porc du Québec, Inc., Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael K Dyck
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Catherine J Field
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - PigGen Canada
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Centre de Développement du Porc du Québec, Inc., Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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28
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Revilla M, Friggens NC, Broudiscou LP, Lemonnier G, Blanc F, Ravon L, Mercat MJ, Billon Y, Rogel-Gaillard C, Le Floch N, Estellé J, Muñoz-Tamayo R. Towards the quantitative characterisation of piglets' robustness to weaning: a modelling approach. Animal 2019; 13:2536-2546. [PMID: 31092303 PMCID: PMC6801654 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning is a critical transition phase in swine production in which piglets must cope with different stressors that may affect their health. During this period, the prophylactic use of antibiotics is still frequent to limit piglet morbidity, which raises both economic and public health concerns such as the appearance of antimicrobial-resistant microbes. With the interest of developing tools for assisting health and management decisions around weaning, it is key to provide robustness indexes that inform on the animals' capacity to endure the challenges associated with weaning. This work aimed at developing a modelling approach for facilitating the quantification of piglet resilience to weaning. A total of 325 Large White pigs weaned at 28 days of age were monitored and further housed and fed conventionally during the post-weaning period without antibiotic administration. Body weight and diarrhoea scores were recorded before and after weaning, and blood was sampled at weaning and 1 week later for collecting haematological data. A dynamic model was constructed based on the Gompertz-Makeham law to describe live weight trajectories during the first 75 days after weaning, following the rationale that the animal response is partitioned in two time windows (a perturbation and a recovery window). Model calibration was performed for each animal. Our results show that the transition time between the two time windows, as well as the weight trajectories are characteristic for each individual. The model captured the weight dynamics of animals at different degrees of perturbation, with an average coefficient of determination of 0.99, and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.99. The utility of the model is that it provides biologically meaningful parameters that inform on the amplitude and length of perturbation, and the rate of animal recovery. Our rationale is that the dynamics of weight inform on the capability of the animal to cope with the weaning disturbance. Indeed, there were significant correlations between model parameters and individual diarrhoea scores and haematological traits. Overall, the parameters of our model can be useful for constructing weaning robustness indexes by using exclusively the growth curves. We foresee that this modelling approach will provide a step forward in the quantitative characterisation of robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Revilla
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- UMR MoSAR, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
| | - N. C. Friggens
- UMR MoSAR, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
| | - L. P. Broudiscou
- UMR MoSAR, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
| | - G. Lemonnier
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F. Blanc
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - L. Ravon
- UE GenESI, INRA, 17700, Surgères, France
| | - M. J. Mercat
- IFIP-Institut du porc and Alliance R&D, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - Y. Billon
- UE GenESI, INRA, 17700, Surgères, France
| | - C. Rogel-Gaillard
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - N. Le Floch
- UMR PEGASE, INRA, AgroCampus Ouest, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - J. Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - R. Muñoz-Tamayo
- UMR MoSAR, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
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Islam MA, Neuhoff C, Aqter Rony S, Große-Brinkhaus C, Uddin MJ, Hölker M, Tesfaye D, Tholen E, Schellander K, Pröll-Cornelissen MJ. PBMCs transcriptome profiles identified breed-specific transcriptome signatures for PRRSV vaccination in German Landrace and Pietrain pigs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222513. [PMID: 31536525 PMCID: PMC6752781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating viral disease affecting the swine industry worldwide. Genetic variation in host immunity has been considered as one of the potential determinants to improve the immunocompetence, thereby resistance to PRRS. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the breed difference in innate immune response to PRRSV vaccination between German Landrace (DL) and Pietrain (Pi) pigs. We analyzed microarray-based transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected before (0 h) and 24 h after PRRSV vaccination from purebred DL and Pi pigs with three biological replicates. In total 4,269 transcripts were identified to be differentially expressed in PBMCs in at least any of four tested contrast pairs (i.e. DL-24h vs. DL-0h, Pi-24h vs. Pi-0h, DL-0h vs. Pi-0h and DL-24h vs. Pi-24h). The number of vaccine-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was much higher (2,459) in DL pigs than that of Pi pigs (291). After 24 h of PRRSV vaccination, 1,046 genes were differentially expressed in PMBCs of DL pigs compared to that of Pi (DL-24h vs. Pi-24h), indicating the breed differences in vaccine responsiveness. The top biological pathways significantly affected by DEGs of both breeds were linked to immune response functions. The network enrichment analysis identified ADAM17, STAT1, MMS19, RPA2, BAD, UCHL5 and APC as potential regulatory genes for the functional network of PRRSV vaccine response specific for DL; while FOXO3, IRF2, ADRBK1, FHL3, PPP2CB and NCOA6 were found to be the most potential hubs of Pi specific transcriptome network. In conclusion, our data provided insights of breed-specific host transcriptome responses to PRRSV vaccination which might contribute in better understanding of PPRS resistance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Aminul Islam
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sharmin Aqter Rony
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Hölker
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station on Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station on Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Maren Julia Pröll-Cornelissen
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abella G, Novell E, Tarancon V, Varona L, Pena RN, Estany J, Fraile L. Identification of resilient sows in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus infected farms. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:skz192. [PMID: 31173084 PMCID: PMC6667243 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of resilient sows can improve reproductive performance in farms exposed to multiple challenges. A common challenge is the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). A key issue to deal with disease resilience is to set up a feasible phenotyping strategy. Our aim was to develop a phenotyping criterion to discriminate susceptible from resilient sows in PRRSV-infected farms. A total of 517 Landrace x Large White gilts were classified as resilient (R) or susceptible (S) to PRRSV virus, following vaccination with MLV-PRRSV at 6-7 wk of age, in a PRRSV negative multiplication farm. Female piglets were phenotyped as R if their serum was negative to PRRSV at 7 and 21 d post-vaccination (DPV) or as S if their serum was positive at 7 and/or 21 DPV. Amongst them, 382 gilts were transferred to a PRRSV-positive production farm, where the number of piglets born alive (NBA), stillborn (NSB), mummified (NMU), lost (NLP=NSB+NMU) and total born (NTB = NBA+NLP) were recorded for almost three years. Data were collected during two periods according to the PRRSV farm health status, which were confirmed as either PRRSV-positive stable (endemic) or inestable (epidemic). Analyses were carried out under a Bayesian approach. The heritability for the resilience criterion was estimated using a threshold model. A linear (for NTB and NBA) and a binomial model (for NSB, NMU and NLP) on the resilience criterion by the farm health status were used to assess the difference between R and S sows. The heritability of the resilience criterion was 0.46 (SD 0.06). The probability of a piglet being lost was greater (≥0.97) in S than in R litters, regardless of whether the delivery occurred during a PRRSV outbreak (20.5% vs 17.0%) or not (15.8% vs 13.7%). The lower piglet mortality rate in R sows was due to NSB, in the endemic phase (13.0% vs 15.0% of NTB, with a posterior probability of 98% of S sows showing higher NSB than R sows), and to NMU, in the epidemic phase (4.0% vs 8.4% of NTB, with a posterior probability of >99% of S sows showing higher NMU than R sows). During a PRRSV outbreak, the S sows were twice as likely to give birth to a mummified piglet as compared to R sows. These findings provide evidence that the described phenotyping scheme has a potential use as a PRRSV resilience criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Abella
- Departament de Ciència Animal, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Elena Novell
- Departament de Ciència Animal, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
- Grup de Saneajament Porcí, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Luis Varona
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Departament de Ciència Animal, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
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Abstract
Piglet mortality has a negative impact on animal welfare and public acceptance. Moreover, the number of weaned piglets per sow mainly determines the profitability of piglet production. Increased litter sizes are associated with lower birth weights and piglet survival. Decreased survival rates and performance of piglets make the control of diseases and infections within pig production even more crucial. Consequently, selection for immunocompetence becomes an important key aspect within modern breeding programmes. However, the phenotypic recording of immune traits is difficult and expensive to realize within farm routines. Even though immune traits show genetic variability, only few examples exist on their respective suitability within a breeding programme and their relationships to economically important production traits. The analysis of immune traits for an evaluation of immunocompetence to gain a generally improved immune response is promising. Generally, in-depth knowledge of the genetic background of the immune system is needed to gain helpful insights about its possible incorporation into breeding programmes. Possible physiological drawbacks for enhanced immunocompetence must be considered with regards to the allocation theory and possible trade-offs between the immune system and performance. This review aims to discuss the relationships between the immunocompetence of the pig, piglet survival as well as the potential of these traits to be included into a breeding strategy for improved robustness.
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32
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Nakov D, Hristov S, Stankovic B, Pol F, Dimitrov I, Ilieski V, Mormede P, Hervé J, Terenina E, Lieubeau B, Papanastasiou DK, Bartzanas T, Norton T, Piette D, Tullo E, van Dixhoorn IDE. Methodologies for Assessing Disease Tolerance in Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2019; 5:329. [PMID: 30687721 PMCID: PMC6334556 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Features of intensive farming can seriously threaten pig homeostasis, well-being and productivity. Disease tolerance of an organism is the adaptive ability in preserving homeostasis and at the same time limiting the detrimental impact that infection can inflict on its health and performance without affecting pathogen burden per se. While disease resistance (DRs) can be assessed measuring appropriately the pathogen burden within the host, the tolerance cannot be quantified easily. Indeed, it requires the assessment of the changes in performance as well as the changes in pathogen burden. In this paper, special attention is given to criteria required to standardize methodologies for assessing disease tolerance (DT) in respect of infectious diseases in pigs. The concept is applied to different areas of expertise and specific examples are given. The basic physiological mechanisms of DT are reviewed. Disease tolerance pathways, genetics of the tolerance-related traits, stress and disease tolerance, and role of metabolic stress in DT are described. In addition, methodologies based on monitoring of growth and reproductive performance, welfare, emotional affective states, sickness behavior for assessment of disease tolerance, and methodologies based on the relationship between environmental challenges and disease tolerance are considered. Automated Precision Livestock Farming technologies available for monitoring performance, health and welfare-related measures in pig farms, and their limitations regarding DT in pigs are also presented. Since defining standardized methodologies for assessing DT is a serious challenge for biologists, animal scientists and veterinarians, this work should contribute to improvement of health, welfare and production in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Nakov
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Slavcha Hristov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Françoise Pol
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Université Bretagne-Loire, Ploufragan, France
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Department of Animal Breeding, Agricultural Institute, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Vlatko Ilieski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Pierre Mormede
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Hervé
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Elena Terenina
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Dimitrios K Papanastasiou
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology, Volos, Greece
| | - Thomas Bartzanas
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology, Volos, Greece
| | | | | | - Emanuela Tullo
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Milan, Italy
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Madera RF, Wang L, Gong W, Burakova Y, Buist S, Nietfeld J, Henningson J, Cino-Ozuna AG, Tu C, Shi J. Toward the development of a one-dose classical swine fever subunit vaccine: antigen titration, immunity onset, and duration of immunity. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:393-405. [PMID: 29510474 PMCID: PMC5974521 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly contagious classical swine fever (CSF) remains a major trade and health problem in the pig industry, resulting in large economic losses worldwide. In CSF-endemic countries, attenuated CSF virus (CSFV) vaccines have been routinely used to control the disease. However, eradication of CSFV in a geographical area would require permanent reduction to zero presence of the virus. It is therefore of paramount importance to develop a safe, potent, and non-infectious CSF vaccine. We have previously reported on a cost-effective CSF E2 subunit vaccine, KNB-E2, which can protect against CSF symptoms in a single dose containing 75 µg of recombinant CSFV glycoprotein E2. In this study, we report on a series of animal studies undertaken to elucidate further the efficacy of KNB-E2. We found that pigs vaccinated with a single KNB-E2 dose containing 25 µg of recombinant CSFV glycoprotein E2 were protected from clinical symptoms of CSF. In addition, KNB-E2-mediated reduction of CSF symptoms was observed at two weeks post-vaccination and the vaccinated pigs continued to exhibit reduced CSF clinical signs when virus challenged at two months and four months post-vaccination. These results suggest that KNB-E2 effectively reduces CSF clinical signs, indicating the potential of this vaccine for safely minimizing CSF-related losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Madera
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Wenjie Gong
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yulia Burakova
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sterling Buist
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jerome Nietfeld
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jamie Henningson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ada G Cino-Ozuna
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Changchun Tu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Denholm SJ, McNeilly TN, Banos G, Coffey MP, Russell GC, Bagnall A, Mitchell MC, Wall E. Immune-associated traits measured in milk of Holstein-Friesian cows as proxies for blood serum measurements. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10248-10258. [PMID: 30172405 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has highlighted that immune-associated (IA) traits measurable in blood are associated with health, productivity, and reproduction in dairy cows. The aim of the present study was to determine relationships between IA traits measured in blood serum and those simultaneously measured in milk as well as their association with disease phenotypes. All animals were Holstein-Friesian cows from the Langhill research herd (n = 546) housed at the SRUC Dairy Research Centre in Scotland. Milk and serum samples were collected on 20 separate occasions between July 2010 and March 2015 and analyzed by ELISA for haptoglobin (Hp), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (NAbKLH) and lipopolysaccharide (NAbLPS). Data were analyzed using mixed linear models that included pedigree information. Analyses revealed positive phenotypic correlations between milk and serum NAb (0.59 ≤ r ≤ 0.77), Hp (r = 0.37), and TNF-α (r = 0.12). Milk and serum NAb were also found to have a strong genetic correlation (0.81 ≤ r ≤ 0.94) and were genetically correlated with cow lameness (0.66 and 0.79 for milk NAbKLH and serum NAbLPS, respectively). Clinical mastitis was found to be phenotypically correlated with both milk and serum Hp (0.09 ≤ r ≤ 0.23). Serum Hp was also strongly genetically correlated with other cellular IA traits such as percent NKp46+ (a natural killer cell marker; 0.35) and percent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; -0.90). Similarly, genetic correlations were found to exist between serum TNF-α and percent NKp46+ (0.22), percent PBMC (0.41), and percent lymphocytes (0.47). Excluding serum Hp, all milk and serum IA traits were repeatable, ranging from 0.11 (milk Hp) to 0.43 (serum NAbLPS). Between-animal variation was highest in milk and serum NAb (0.34-0.43) and significant estimates of heritability were also observed in milk and serum NAb (0.17-0.37). Our findings show that certain IA traits, such as NAbKLH and NAbLPS, found in milk and serum are strongly correlated and highlight the potential of using routinely collected milk samples as a less invasive and cost-effective source of informative data for predictive modeling of animal IA traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Denholm
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Banos
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Mike P Coffey
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - George C Russell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ainsley Bagnall
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi C Mitchell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Wall
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
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Maroilley T, Lemonnier G, Lecardonnel J, Esquerré D, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Mercat MJ, Rogel-Gaillard C, Estellé J. Deciphering the genetic regulation of peripheral blood transcriptome in pigs through expression genome-wide association study and allele-specific expression analysis. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:967. [PMID: 29237423 PMCID: PMC5729405 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to improve sustainability in livestock production systems have focused on two objectives: investigating the genetic control of immune function as it pertains to robustness and disease resistance, and finding predictive markers for use in breeding programs. In this context, the peripheral blood transcriptome represents an important source of biological information about an individual's health and immunological status, and has been proposed for use as an intermediate phenotype to measure immune capacity. The objective of this work was to study the genetic architecture of variation in gene expression in the blood of healthy young pigs using two approaches: an expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) and allele-specific expression (ASE) analysis. RESULTS The blood transcriptomes of 60-day-old Large White pigs were analyzed by expression microarrays for eGWAS (242 animals) and by RNA-Seq for ASE analysis (38 animals). Using eGWAS, the expression levels of 1901 genes were found to be associated with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). We recovered 2839 local and 1752 distant associations (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism or SNP located less or more than 1 Mb from expression probe, respectively). ASE analyses confirmed the extensive cis-regulation of gene transcription in blood, and revealed allelic imbalance in 2286 SNPs, which affected 763 genes. eQTLs and ASE-genes were widely distributed on all chromosomes. By analyzing mutually overlapping eGWAS results, we were able to describe putative regulatory networks, which were further refined using ASE data. At the functional level, genes with genetically controlled expression that were detected by eGWAS and/or ASE analyses were significantly enriched in biological processes related to RNA processing and immune function. Indeed, numerous distant and local regulatory relationships were detected within the major histocompatibility complex region on chromosome 7, revealing ASE for most class I and II genes. CONCLUSIONS This study represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first genome-wide map of the genetic control of gene expression in porcine peripheral blood. These results represent an interesting resource for the identification of genetic markers and blood biomarkers associated with variations in immunity traits in pigs, as well as any other complex traits for which blood is an appropriate surrogate tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maroilley
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - G Lemonnier
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J Lecardonnel
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - D Esquerré
- GenPhySE, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Y Ramayo-Caldas
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M J Mercat
- IFIP - Institut du porc/BIOPORC, La Motte au Vicomte, BP 35104, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - C Rogel-Gaillard
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - J Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Transcriptome profile of lung dendritic cells after in vitro porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187735. [PMID: 29140992 PMCID: PMC5687707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an infectious disease that leads to high financial and production losses in the global swine industry. The pathogenesis of this disease is dependent on a multitude of factors, and its control remains problematic. The immune system generally defends against infectious diseases, especially dendritic cells (DCs), which play a crucial role in the activation of the immune response after viral infections. However, the understanding of the immune response and the genetic impact on the immune response to PRRS virus (PRRSV) remains incomplete. In light of this, we investigated the regulation of the host immune response to PRRSV in porcine lung DCs using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Lung DCs from two different pig breeds (Pietrain and Duroc) were collected before (0 hours) and during various periods of infection (3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours post infection (hpi)). RNA-Seq analysis revealed a total of 20,396 predicted porcine genes, which included breed-specific differentially expressed immune genes. Pietrain and Duroc infected lung DCs showed opposite gene expression courses during the first time points post infection. Duroc lung DCs reacted more strongly and distinctly than Pietrain lung DCs during these periods (3, 6, 9, 12 hpi). Additionally, cluster analysis revealed time-dependent co-expressed groups of genes that were involved in immune-relevant pathways. Key clusters and pathways were identified, which help to explain the biological and functional background of lung DCs post PRRSV infection and suggest IL-1β1 as an important candidate gene. RNA-Seq was also used to characterize the viral replication of PRRSV for each breed. PRRSV was able to infect and to replicate differently in lung DCs between the two mentioned breeds. These results could be useful in investigations on immunity traits in pig breeding and enhancing the health of pigs.
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Harding JC, Ladinig A, Novakovic P, Detmer SE, Wilkinson JM, Yang T, Lunney JK, Plastow GS. Novel insights into host responses and reproductive pathophysiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome caused by PRRSV-2. Vet Microbiol 2017; 209:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Alassane-Kpembi I, Gerez JR, Cossalter AM, Neves M, Laffitte J, Naylies C, Lippi Y, Kolf-Clauw M, Bracarense APL, Pinton P, Oswald IP. Intestinal toxicity of the type B trichothecene mycotoxin fusarenon-X: whole transcriptome profiling reveals new signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7530. [PMID: 28790326 PMCID: PMC5548841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The few data available on fusarenon-X (FX) do not support the derivation of health-based guidance values, although preliminary results suggest higher toxicity than other regulated trichothecenes. Using histo-morphological analysis and whole transcriptome profiling, this study was designed to obtain a global view of the intestinal alterations induced by FX. Deoxynivalenol (DON) served as a benchmark. FX induced more severe histological alterations than DON. Inflammation was the hallmark of the molecular toxicity of both mycotoxins. The benchmark doses for the up-regulation of key inflammatory genes by FX were 4- to 45-fold higher than the previously reported values for DON. The transcriptome analysis revealed that both mycotoxins down-regulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and liver X receptor - retinoid X receptor (LXR-RXR) signaling pathways that control lipid metabolism. Interestingly, several pathways, including VDR/RXR activation, ephrin receptor signaling, and GNRH signaling, were specific to FX and thus discriminated the transcriptomic fingerprints of the two mycotoxins. These results demonstrate that FX induces more potent intestinal inflammation than DON. Moreover, although the mechanisms of toxicity of both mycotoxins are similar in many ways, this study emphasize specific pathways targeted by each mycotoxin, highlighting the need for specific mechanism-based risk assessments of Fusarium mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Camp Guézo, 01BP517, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Juliana Rubira Gerez
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anne-Marie Cossalter
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Neves
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Laffitte
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Kolf-Clauw
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Paula L Bracarense
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, F-31027, Toulouse, France.
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Denholm SJ, McNeilly TN, Banos G, Coffey MP, Russell GC, Bagnall A, Mitchell MC, Wall E. Estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters of cellular immune-associated traits in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2850-2862. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bacou E, Haurogné K, Mignot G, Allard M, De Beaurepaire L, Marchand J, Terenina E, Billon Y, Jacques J, Bach JM, Mormède P, Hervé J, Lieubeau B. Acute social stress-induced immunomodulation in pigs high and low responders to ACTH. Physiol Behav 2016; 169:1-8. [PMID: 27867043 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pig husbandry is known as an intensive breeding system, piglets being submitted to multiple stressful events such as early weaning, successive mixing, crowding and shipping. These stressors are thought to impair immune defences and might contribute, at least partly, to the prophylactic use of antibiotics. Robustness was recently defined as the ability of an individual to express a high-production potential in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Increasing robustness thus appears as a valuable option to improve resilience to stressors and could be obtained by selecting piglets upon their adrenocortical activity. In this study, we aimed at depicting the consequences of an acute social stress on the immune capacity of piglets genetically selected upon divergent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. For this purpose, we monitored neuroendocrine and immune parameters, in high- (HPAhi) and low- (HPAlo) responders to ACTH, just before and immediately after a one-hour mixing with unfamiliar conspecifics. As expected, stressed piglets displayed higher levels of circulating cortisol and norepinephrine. Blood cell count analysis combined to flow cytometry revealed a stress-induced leukocyte mobilization in the bloodstream with a specific recruitment of CD8α+ lymphocytes. Besides, one-hour mixing decreased LPS-induced IL-8 and TNFα secretions in whole-blood assays (WBA) and reduced mononuclear cell phagocytosis. Altogether, our data demonstrate that acute social stress alters immune competence of piglets from both groups, and bring new insights in favour of good farming practices. While for most parameters high- and low-responders to ACTH behaved similarly, HPAhi piglets displayed higher number of CD4+ CD8α- T cells, as well as increased cytokine production in WBA (LPS-induced TNFα and PIL-induced IL-8), which could confer them increased resistance to pathogens. Finally, a principal component analysis including all parameters highlighted that overall stress effects were less pronounced on piglets with a strong HPA axis. Thus, selection upon adrenocortical axis activity seems to reduce the magnitude of response to stress and appears as a good tool to increase piglet robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bacou
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Karine Haurogné
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Grégoire Mignot
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marie Allard
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Laurence De Beaurepaire
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jordan Marchand
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Elena Terenina
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yvon Billon
- GenESI, INRA, Le Magneraud, F-17700 Saint-Pierre-d'Amilly, France
| | | | - Jean-Marie Bach
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre Mormède
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Hervé
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Blandine Lieubeau
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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Watson RL, McNeilly TN, Watt KA, Pemberton JM, Pilkington JG, Waterfall M, Hopper PRT, Cooney D, Zamoyska R, Nussey DH. Cellular and humoral immunity in a wild mammal: Variation with age & sex and association with overwinter survival. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8695-8705. [PMID: 28035261 PMCID: PMC5192870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune defenses are expected to be crucial for survival under the considerable parasite pressures experienced by wild animals. However, our understanding of the association between immunity and fitness in nature remains limited due to both the complexity of the vertebrate immune system and the often‐limited availability of immune reagents in nonmodel organisms. Here, we use methods and reagents developed by veterinary researchers for domestic ungulates on blood samples collected from a wild Soay sheep population, to evaluate an unusually broad panel of immune parameters. Our evaluation included different innate and acquired immune cell types as well as nematode parasite‐specific antibodies of different isotypes. We test how these markers correlate with one another, how they vary with age‐group and sex, and, crucially, whether they predict overwinter survival either within or among demographic groups. We found anticipated patterns of variation in markers with age, associated with immune development, and once these age trends were accounted for, correlations among our 11 immune markers were generally weak. We found that females had higher proportions of naïve T cells and gamma–delta T cells than males, independent of age, while our other markers did not differ between sexes. Only one of our 11 markers predicted overwinter survival: sheep with higher plasma levels of anti‐nematode IgG antibodies were significantly more likely to survive the subsequent high mortality winter, independent of age, sex, or weight. This supports a previous finding from this study system using a different set of samples and shows that circulating antibody levels against ecologically relevant parasites in natural systems represent an important parameter of immune function and may be under strong natural selection. Our data provide rare insights into patterns of variation among age‐ and sex groups in different T‐cell subsets and antibody levels in the wild, and suggest that certain types of immune response—notably those likely to be repeatable within individuals and linked to resistance to ecologically relevant parasites—may be most informative for research into the links between immunity and fitness under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Watson
- School of Biological Sciences Institutes of Evolutionary Biology & Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Kathryn A Watt
- School of Biological Sciences Institutes of Evolutionary Biology & Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Josephine M Pemberton
- School of Biological Sciences Institutes of Evolutionary Biology & Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Jill G Pilkington
- School of Biological Sciences Institutes of Evolutionary Biology & Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Martin Waterfall
- School of Biological Sciences Institutes of Evolutionary Biology & Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Phoebe R T Hopper
- School of Biological Sciences Institutes of Evolutionary Biology & Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Daniel Cooney
- School of Biological Sciences Institutes of Evolutionary Biology & Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- School of Biological Sciences Institutes of Evolutionary Biology & Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Daniel H Nussey
- School of Biological Sciences Institutes of Evolutionary Biology & Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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Wang J, Wang Y, Wang H, Guo J, Wang H, Wu Y, Liu J. MicroRNA Transcriptome of Poly I:C-Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals Evidence for MicroRNAs in Regulating Host Response to RNA Viruses in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101601. [PMID: 27669219 PMCID: PMC5085634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one family of small noncoding RNAs that function to modulate the activity of specific mRNA targets in animals. To understand the role of miRNAs in regulating genes involved in the host immune response to RNA viruses, we profiled and characterized the miRNAs of swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with poly I:C, a synthetic dsRNA analog, by miRNA-sequencing (miRNA-seq). We identified a total of 905 miRNAs, of which 503 miRNAs were firstly exploited herein with no annotation in the latest miRBase 21.0. Expression analysis demonstrated that poly I:C stimulation can elicit significantly differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in Dapulian (n = 20), one Chinese indigenous breed, as well as Landrace (n = 23). By integrating the mRNA expression profiles of the same sample with miRNA profiles, we carried out function analyses of the target genes of these DE miRNAs, with the results indicating that target genes were most enriched in some immune-related pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms, suggesting that DE miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of host to poly I:C stimulation. Furthermore, we also detected 43 and 61 significantly DE miRNAs between the two breeds in the control sample groups and poly I:C stimulation groups, respectively, which may be involved in regulation of the different characteristics of the two breeds. This study describes for the first time the PBMC miRNA transcriptomic response to poly I:C stimulation in pigs, which not only contributes to a broad view of the pig miRNAome but improves our understanding of miRNA function in regulating host immune response to RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yanping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Huaizhong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Gunia M, David I, Hurtaud J, Maupin M, Gilbert H, Garreau H. Resistance to infectious diseases is a heritable trait in rabbits. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:5631-8. [PMID: 26641172 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for disease resistance is a powerful way to improve the health status of herds and to reduce the use of antibiotics. The objectives of this study were to estimate 1) the genetic parameters for simple visually assessed disease syndromes and for a composite trait of resistance to infectious disease including all syndromes and 2) their genetic correlations with production traits in a rabbit population. Disease symptoms were recorded in the selection herds of 2 commercial paternal rabbit lines during weighing at the end of the test (63 and 70 d of age, respectively). Causes of mortality occurring before these dates were also recorded. Seven disease traits were analyzed: 3 elementary traits visually assessed by technicians on farm (diarrhea, various digestive syndromes, and respiratory syndromes), 2 composite traits (all digestive syndromes and all infectious syndromes), and 2 mortality traits (digestive mortality and infectious mortality). Each animal was assigned only 1 disease trait, corresponding to the main syndrome ( = 153,400). Four production traits were also recorded: live weight the day before the end of test on most animals ( = 137,860) and cold carcass weight, carcass yield, and perirenal fat percentage of the carcass on a subset of slaughtered animals ( = 13,765). Records on both lines were analyzed simultaneously using bivariate linear animal models after validation of consistency with threshold models applied to logit-transformed traits. The heritabilities were low for disease traits, from 0.01 ± 0.002 for various digestive syndromes to 0.04 ± 0.004 for infectious mortality, and moderate to high for production traits. The genetic correlations between digestive syndromes were high and positive, whereas digestive and respiratory syndromes were slightly negatively correlated. The genetic correlations between the composite infectious disease trait and digestive or respiratory syndromes were moderate. Genetic correlations between disease and production traits were favorable. Our results indicate that it is possible to select rabbits using visually assessed disease syndromes without the need for a trade-off between health and production traits. Using a composite criterion that includes all infectious syndromes is easy to implement and heritable and is, therefore, a promising way to improve the general disease resistance in livestock species.
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Fonseca AA, Camargos MF, Barbosa AAS, Gonçalves VLS, Heinemann MB, Reis JKPD. Evolutionary Diversity of Suid Herpesvirus 1 Based on Ul44 Partial Sequences. Intervirology 2016; 59:20-9. [PMID: 27362774 DOI: 10.1159/000446540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to use partial Ul44 sequences (glycoprotein C) of Suid herpesvirus 1 to examine the evolution and dynamics of the virus in different periods and hosts. METHODS Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the software MrBayes after analysis in the software jModelTest to evaluate the best phylogenetic models. The software SplitsTree 4.0 was used to create phylogenetic networks, and the BEAST program was used to generate data on phylogeography. Replication kinetics and serum neutralization tests were applied to tree strains from different phylogenetic groups. RESULTS Ul44 sequences derived from domestic swine and wild swine clustered in different clades and had different selective pressures depending on the host. We found no differences in replication kinetics and serum neutralization tests in the strains tested. Data show that the evolution of herpesviruses is complex, and different genetic groups may be evolving at different rates. Ul44 is an important marker for molecular evolution and epidemiology studies, but it is not useful for biological information.
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Parois SP, Prunier A, Mercat MJ, Merlot E, Larzul C. Genetic relationships between measures of sexual development, boar taint, health, and aggressiveness in pigs. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3749-58. [PMID: 26440153 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding intact boars is a promising alternative to surgical castration of piglets. Genetic selection should enable farmers to solve problems due to boar taint and aggressiveness while taking into account potential consequences on other traits of interest. The aim of the study was to estimate genetic relations between sexual development, boar taint, health, and aggressiveness. About 1,600 Pietrain (purebred) or Pietrain × Large White (crossbred) boars were raised in a testing station. Blood samples were collected at about 105 kg BW for measuring sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol) and indicators of the inflammatory status (C-reactive protein [CRP], pig major acute-phase protein [pigMAP], and blood formula). Animals were slaughtered 9 d later and measured for boar taint compounds present in fat (androstenone and skatole) and skin lesions on carcass, an indicator of aggressiveness. For both genetic types, heritability was moderate for sex hormones (from 0.17 to 0.29) and skatole (0.24 for purebred and 0.37 for crossbred) and high for androstenone (0.63 and 0.70 for purebred and crossbred, respectively). Genetic correlations between sex hormones and boar taint compounds were moderate to high (from 0.31 to 0.95). Heritability was moderate for CRP (0.24 and 0.46 for purebred and crossbred, respectively) and very low for pigMAP (0.06 and 0.05 for purebred and crossbred, respectively. Numbers of leukocytes had moderate to high heritabilities according to the genetic type (from 0.21 to 0.52). Heritability of skin lesions was moderate for both genetic types (0.31). Genetic correlations were negative between sex hormones and inflammatory measures (from -0.46 to -0.05), positive between testosterone and number of lesions (0.43 and 0.53 for purebred and crossbred, respectively), and low between androstenone and lesions (-0.06 and -0.17 for purebred and crossbred, respectively). Overall, both breeds of pigs had very similar estimations of heritabilities, but estimates of genetic correlations were different for some pairs of traits. It would be possible to select boars based on their plasma concentration of sex hormones to decrease boar taint and aggressiveness without important consequences on the immune response. However, because of the strong links between boar taint and reproductive function, the possible consequences on the reproductive performance should be evaluated.
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Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes and Gene Sets Controlling the Response of Porcine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Poly I:C Stimulation. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:1267-75. [PMID: 26935416 PMCID: PMC4856078 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.028290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic dsRNA analog, has been demonstrated to have stimulatory effects similar to viral dsRNA. To gain deep knowledge of the host transcriptional response of pigs to poly I:C stimulation, in the present study, we cultured and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of piglets of one Chinese indigenous breed (Dapulian) and one modern commercial breed (Landrace) with poly I:C, and compared their transcriptional profiling using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Our results indicated that poly I:C stimulation can elicit significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes in Dapulian (g = 290) as well as Landrace (g = 85). We also performed gene set analysis using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) package, and identified some significantly enriched gene sets in Dapulian (g = 18) and Landrace (g = 21). Most of the shared DE genes and gene sets were immune-related, and may play crucial rules in the immune response of poly I:C stimulation. In addition, we detected large sets of significantly DE genes and enriched gene sets when comparing the gene expression profile between the two breeds, including control and poly I:C stimulation groups. Besides immune-related functions, some of the DE genes and gene sets between the two breeds were involved in development and growth of various tissues, which may be correlated with the different characteristics of the two breeds. The DE genes and gene sets detected herein provide crucial information towards understanding the immune regulation of antiviral responses, and the molecular mechanisms of different genetic resistance to viral infection, in modern and indigenous pigs.
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Xu J, Cai Z, Liu Y, Wang C, Fu W, Wang H, Wang W, Zhang Q. Expression Profile and PorcinDQB1Gene Association Analysis of the with Peripheral Blood T Lymphocyte Subsets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Brown GP, Shine R. Maternal body size influences offspring immune configuration in an oviparous snake. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160041. [PMID: 27069670 PMCID: PMC4821281 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Like most ectothermic vertebrates, keelback snakes (Tropidonophis mairii) do not exhibit parental care. Thus, offspring must possess an immune system capable of dealing with challenges such as pathogens, without assistance from an attendant parent. We know very little about immune system characteristics of neonatal reptiles, including the magnitude of heritability and other maternal influences. To identify sources of variation in circulating white blood cell (WBC) concentrations and differentials, we examined blood smears from 246 hatchling snakes and their field-caught mothers. WBC concentrations were lower in hatchlings than in adults, and hatchlings had more basophils and fewer azurophils than adults. A hatchling keelback's WBC differential was also influenced by its sex and body size. Although hatchling WBC measures exhibited negligible heritability, they were strongly influenced by maternal body size and parasite infection (but not by maternal body condition, relative clutch mass or time in captivity). Larger mothers produced offspring with more azurophils and fewer lymphocytes. The mechanisms and consequences of WBC variation are currently unknown, but if these maternal effects enhance offspring fitness, the impact of maternal body size on reproductive success may be greater than expected simply from allometric increases in the numbers and sizes of progeny.
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Review: Towards the agroecological management of ruminants, pigs and poultry through the development of sustainable breeding programmes: I-selection goals and criteria. Animal 2016; 10:1749-1759. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sautron V, Terenina E, Gress L, Lippi Y, Billon Y, Larzul C, Liaubet L, Villa-Vialaneix N, Mormède P. Time course of the response to ACTH in pig: biological and transcriptomic study. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:961. [PMID: 26578410 PMCID: PMC4650497 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HPA axis plays a major role in physiological homeostasis. It is also involved in stress and adaptive response to the environment. In farm animals in general and specifically in pigs, breeding strategies have highly favored production traits such as lean growth rate, feed efficiency and prolificacy at the cost of robustness. On the hypothesis that the HPA axis could contribute to the trade-off between robustness and production traits, we have designed this experiment to explore individual variation in the biological response to the main stress hormone, cortisol, in pigs. We used ACTH injections to trigger production of cortisol in 120 juvenile Large White (LW) pigs from 28 litters and the kinetics of the response was measured with biological variables and whole blood gene expression at 4 time points. A multilevel statistical analysis was used to take into account the longitudinal aspect of the data. Results Cortisol level reached its peak 1 h after ACTH injection. White blood cell composition was modified with a decrease of lymphocytes and monocytes and an increase of granulocytes (FDR<0.05). Basal level of cortisol was correlated with birth and weaning weights. Microarray analysis identified 65 unique genes of which expression responded to the injection of ACTH (adjusted P<0.05). These genes were classified into 4 clusters with distinctive kinetics in response to ACTH injection. The first cluster identified genes strongly correlated to cortisol and previously reported as being regulated by glucocorticoids. In particular, DDIT4, DUSP1, FKBP5, IL7R, NFKBIA, PER1, RGS2 and RHOB were shown to be connected to each other by the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1. Most of the differentially expressed genes that encode transcription factors have not been described yet as being important in transcription networks involved in stress response. Their co-expression may mean co-regulation and they could thus provide new patterns of biomarkers of the individual sensitivity to cortisol. Conclusions We identified 65 genes as biological markers of HPA axis activation at the gene expression level. These genes might be candidates for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the stress response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2118-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Sautron
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | - Elena Terenina
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | - Laure Gress
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | | | - Yvon Billon
- INRA, UE 1372 GenESI, Surgeres, F-17700, France.
| | - Catherine Larzul
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | - Laurence Liaubet
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | - Nathalie Villa-Vialaneix
- INRA, UR 0875 MIAT Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France.
| | - Pierre Mormède
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
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