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Pavesic MW, Gale AN, Nickels TJ, Harrington AA, Bussey M, Cunningham KW. Calcineurin-dependent contributions to fitness in the opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata. mSphere 2024; 9:e0055423. [PMID: 38171022 PMCID: PMC10826367 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00554-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase calcineurin is vital for the virulence of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata. The host-induced stresses that activate calcineurin signaling are unknown, as are the targets of calcineurin relevant to virulence. To potentially shed light on these processes, millions of transposon insertion mutants throughout the genome of C. glabrata were profiled en masse for fitness defects in the presence of FK506, a specific inhibitor of calcineurin. Eighty-seven specific gene deficiencies depended on calcineurin signaling for full viability in vitro both in wild-type and pdr1∆ null strains lacking pleiotropic drug resistance. Three genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis (FKS1, DCW1, FLC1) possess co-essential paralogs whose expression depended on calcineurin and Crz1 in response to micafungin, a clinical antifungal that interferes with cell wall biogenesis. Interestingly, 80% of the FK506-sensitive mutants were deficient in different aspects of vesicular trafficking, such as endocytosis, exocytosis, sorting, and biogenesis of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In response to the experimental antifungal manogepix that blocks GPI-anchor biosynthesis in the ER, calcineurin signaling increased and strongly prevented cell death independent of Crz1, one of its major targets. Comparisons between manogepix, micafungin, and the ER-stressing tunicamycin reveal a correlation between the degree of calcineurin signaling and the degree of cell survival. These findings suggest that calcineurin plays major roles in mitigating stresses of vesicular trafficking. Such stresses may arise during host infection and in response to antifungal therapies.IMPORTANCECalcineurin plays critical roles in the virulence of most pathogenic fungi. This study sheds light on those roles in the opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata using a genome-wide analysis in vitro. The findings could lead to antifungal developments that also avoid immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Pavesic
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew N. Gale
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy J. Nickels
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Maya Bussey
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle W. Cunningham
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ohtsuka H, Sakata H, Kitazaki Y, Tada M, Shimasaki T, Otsubo Y, Maekawa Y, Kobayashi M, Imada K, Yamashita A, Aiba H. The ecl family gene ecl3+ is induced by phosphate starvation and contributes to sexual differentiation in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:287015. [PMID: 36779416 PMCID: PMC10038150 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, ecl family genes are induced by several signals, such as starvation of various nutrients, including sulfur, amino acids and Mg2+, and environmental stress, including heat or oxidative stress. These genes mediate appropriate cellular responses and contribute to the maintenance of cell viability and induction of sexual differentiation. Although this yeast has three ecl family genes with overlapping functions, any environmental conditions that induce ecl3+ remain unidentified. We demonstrate that ecl3+ is induced by phosphate starvation, similar to its chromosomally neighboring genes, pho1+ and pho84+, which respectively encode an extracellular acid phosphatase and an inorganic phosphate transporter. ecl3+ expression was induced by the transcription factor Pho7 and affected by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase Csk1. Phosphate starvation induced G1 arrest and sexual differentiation via ecl family genes. Biochemical analyses suggested that this G1 arrest was mediated by the stabilization of the CDK inhibitor Rum1, which was dependent on ecl family genes. This study shows that ecl family genes are required for appropriate responses to phosphate starvation and provides novel insights into the diversity and similarity of starvation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakata
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuto Kitazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tada
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoko Otsubo
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-858, Japan
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
- Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasukichi Maekawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikuto Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuki Imada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-858, Japan
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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HAGIHARA KANAKO, HOSONAKA KOUSUKE, HOSHINO SHUHEI, IWATA KAZUKI, OGAWA NAOKI, SATOH RYOSUKE, TAKASAKI TERUAKI, MAEDA TAKUYA, SUGIURA REIKO. Ellagic Acid Combined with Tacrolimus Showed Synergistic Cell Growth Inhibition in Fission Yeast. Biocontrol Sci 2022; 27:31-39. [DOI: 10.4265/bio.27.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KANAKO HAGIHARA
- Laboratory of Hygienic Science, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences
| | - KOUSUKE HOSONAKA
- Laboratory of Hygienic Science, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences
| | - SHUHEI HOSHINO
- Laboratory of Hygienic Science, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences
| | - KAZUKI IWATA
- Laboratory of Hygienic Science, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences
| | - NAOKI OGAWA
- Laboratory of Hygienic Science, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences
| | - RYOSUKE SATOH
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
| | - TERUAKI TAKASAKI
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
| | - TAKUYA MAEDA
- Laboratory of Hygienic Science, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences
| | - REIKO SUGIURA
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
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Yagüe N, Gómez-Delgado L, Curto MÁ, Carvalho VSD, Moreno MB, Pérez P, Ribas JC, Cortés JCG. Echinocandin Drugs Induce Differential Effects in Cytokinesis Progression and Cell Integrity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121332. [PMID: 34959732 PMCID: PMC8706178 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fission yeast contains three essential β(1,3)-D-glucan synthases (GSs), Bgs1, Bgs3, and Bgs4, with non-overlapping roles in cell integrity and morphogenesis. Only the bgs4+ mutants pbr1-8 and pbr1-6 exhibit resistance to GS inhibitors, even in the presence of the wild-type (WT) sequences of bgs1+ and bgs3+. Thus, Bgs1 and Bgs3 functions seem to be unaffected by those GS inhibitors. To learn more about echinocandins' mechanism of action and resistance, cytokinesis progression and cell death were examined by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy in WT and pbr1-8 cells at the start of treatment with sublethal and lethal concentrations of anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin. In WT, sublethal concentrations of the three drugs caused abundant cell death that was either suppressed (anidulafungin and micafungin) or greatly reduced (caspofungin) in pbr1-8 cells. Interestingly, the lethal concentrations induced differential phenotypes depending on the echinocandin used. Anidulafungin and caspofungin were mostly fungistatic, heavily impairing cytokinesis progression in both WT and pbr1-8. As with sublethal concentrations, lethal concentrations of micafungin were primarily fungicidal in WT cells, causing cell lysis without impairing cytokinesis. The lytic phenotype was suppressed again in pbr1-8 cells. Our results suggest that micafungin always exerts its fungicidal effect by solely inhibiting Bgs4. In contrast, lethal concentrations of anidulafungin and caspofungin cause an early cytokinesis arrest, probably by the combined inhibition of several GSs.
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Béland S, Désy O, Ung RV, Vallin P, Latulippe E, Riopel J, De Serres SA. Tacrolimus prevents von Willebrand factor secretion by allostimulated human glomerular endothelium. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:2314-2321. [PMID: 29790290 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the endothelial injury caused directly by circulating donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) during antibody-mediated rejection. von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a highly thrombotic glycoprotein stored in Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells. It has been shown that its secretion is triggered by allostimulation. Calcineurin-like phosphatases regulate pathways involved in vWF secretion. Therefore, we hypothesized that tacrolimus would prevent alloantibody-induced glomerular lesions, in part via inhibition of vWF secretion from endothelial cells. Here, we used a human in vitro model of glomerular endothelium expressing HLA class I and II antigens and demonstrated that anti-HLA class II antibodies elicit a higher endothelial release of vWF than do anti-HLA class I antibodies in cell supernatants. We observed that tacrolimus treatment decreased vWF secretion after stimulation with both classes of anti-HLA antibodies and decreased platelet adhesion on allostimulated endothelial cells in a microfluidic chamber. In kidney recipients, tacrolimus trough levels were negatively associated with vWF blood levels. These results indicate that direct disruption of hemostasis via vWF secretion is a potential mechanism of antibody-mediated injury in patients with DSAs. Our results further suggest that the targeting of microcirculation hemostasis may be beneficial to prevent the development of microangiopathic lesions in antibody-mediated rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Béland
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - O Désy
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R V Ung
- Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - P Vallin
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - E Latulippe
- Department of Pathology, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - J Riopel
- Department of Pathology, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - S A De Serres
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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Yang Y, Liu Q, Jiang G, Chen S, Zhou L, Sakamoto N, Kuno T, Fang Y, Yao F. Genome-wide screen reveals important roles for ESCRT proteins in drug/ion resistance of fission yeast. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198516. [PMID: 29856841 PMCID: PMC5983419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To study sodium homeostasis, we performed a genome-wide screen for deletion strains that show resistance to NaCl. We identified 34 NaCl-resistant strains. Among them, the largest group that consists of 10 genes related to membrane trafficking and 7 out of 10 genes are ESCRT proteins which are involved in cargo transportation into luminal vesicles within the multivesicular body. All of the ESCRT related mutants which showed sodium resistance also showed defects in vacuole fusion. To further understand the role of the ESCRT pathway in various ion homeostasis, we examined sensitivity of these ESCRT mutants to various cation salts other than NaCl, including KCl, LiCl, CaCl2, CoCl2, MgCl2, NiSO4 and MnCl2. While these ESCRT mutants showed resistance to LiCl, CoCl2 and MgCl2, they showed sensitivity to KCl, CaCl2, NiSO4 and MnCl2. Then we examined sensitivity of these ESCRT mutants to various drugs which are known to inhibit the growth of fission yeast cells. While these ESCRT mutants were more or equally sensitive to most of the drugs tested as compared to the wild-type cells, they showed resistance to some drugs such as tamoxifen, fluorouracil and amiodarone. These results suggest that the ESCRT pathway plays important roles in drug/ion resistance of fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guanglie Jiang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Norihiro Sakamoto
- Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Department of Social/Community Medicine and Health Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kuno
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Department of Social/Community Medicine and Health Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yue Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Doi A, Fujimoto A, Sato S, Uno T, Kanda Y, Asami K, Tanaka Y, Kita A, Satoh R, Sugiura R. Chemical genomics approach to identify genes associated with sensitivity to rapamycin in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe. Genes Cells 2015; 20:292-309. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Doi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; 1-8 Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8472 Japan
| | - Ayumi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Takaya Uno
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Yuki Kanda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Keita Asami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Yuriko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Ayako Kita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Satoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kinki University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
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8
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Juvvadi PR, Lamoth F, Steinbach WJ. Calcineurin as a Multifunctional Regulator: Unraveling Novel Functions in Fungal Stress Responses, Hyphal Growth, Drug Resistance, and Pathogenesis. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2014; 28:56-69. [PMID: 25383089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin signaling plays diverse roles in fungi in regulating stress responses, morphogenesis and pathogenesis. Although calcineurin signaling is conserved among fungi, recent studies indicate important divergences in calcineurin-dependent cellular functions among different human fungal pathogens. Fungal pathogens utilize the calcineurin pathway to effectively survive the host environment and cause life-threatening infections. The immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitors (FK506 and cyclosporine A) are active against fungi, making targeting calcineurin a promising antifungal drug development strategy. Here we summarize current knowledge on calcineurin in yeasts and filamentous fungi, and review the importance of understanding fungal-specific attributes of calcineurin to decipher fungal pathogenesis and develop novel antifungal therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen R Juvvadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
| | - Frédéric Lamoth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA ; Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland ; Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William J Steinbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
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Gaytán BD, Vulpe CD. Functional toxicology: tools to advance the future of toxicity testing. Front Genet 2014; 5:110. [PMID: 24847352 PMCID: PMC4017141 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased presence of chemical contaminants in the environment is an undeniable concern to human health and ecosystems. Historically, by relying heavily upon costly and laborious animal-based toxicity assays, the field of toxicology has often neglected examinations of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity for the majority of compounds—information that, if available, would strengthen risk assessment analyses. Functional toxicology, where cells or organisms with gene deletions or depleted proteins are used to assess genetic requirements for chemical tolerance, can advance the field of toxicity testing by contributing data regarding chemical mechanisms of toxicity. Functional toxicology can be accomplished using available genetic tools in yeasts, other fungi and bacteria, and eukaryotes of increased complexity, including zebrafish, fruit flies, rodents, and human cell lines. Underscored is the value of using less complex systems such as yeasts to direct further studies in more complex systems such as human cell lines. Functional techniques can yield (1) novel insights into chemical toxicity; (2) pathways and mechanisms deserving of further study; and (3) candidate human toxicant susceptibility or resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Gaytán
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chris D Vulpe
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
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10
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Galat A. Functional diversity and pharmacological profiles of the FKBPs and their complexes with small natural ligands. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3243-75. [PMID: 23224428 PMCID: PMC11113493 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
From 5 to 12 FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) are encoded in the genomes of disparate marine organisms, which appeared at the dawn of evolutionary events giving rise to primordial multicellular organisms with elaborated internal body plan. Fifteen FKBPs, several FKBP-like proteins and some splicing variants of them are expressed in humans. Human FKBP12 and some of its paralogues bind to different macrocyclic antibiotics such as FK506 or rapamycin and their derivatives. FKBP12/(macrocyclic antibiotic) complexes induce diverse pharmacological activities such as immunosuppression in humans, anticancerous actions and as sustainers of quiescence in certain organisms. Since the FKBPs bind to various assemblies of proteins and other intracellular components, their complexes with the immunosuppressive drugs may differentially perturb miscellaneous cellular functions. Sequence-structure relationships and pharmacological profiles of diverse FKBPs and their involvement in crucial intracellular signalization pathways and modulation of cryptic intercellular communication networks were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Galat
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Bat. 152, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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11
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Negative functional interaction between cell integrity MAPK pathway and Rho1 GTPase in fission yeast. Genetics 2013; 195:421-32. [PMID: 23934882 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.154807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho1 GTPase is the main activator of cell wall glucan biosynthesis and regulates actin cytoskeleton in fungi, including Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We have obtained a fission yeast thermosensitive mutant strain carrying the rho1-596 allele, which displays reduced Rho1 GTPase activity. This strain has severe cell wall defects and a thermosensitive growth, which is partially suppressed by osmotic stabilization. In a global screening for rho1-596 multicopy suppresors the pmp1+ gene was identified. Pmp1 is a dual specificity phosphatase that negatively regulates the Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway. Accordingly, elimination of Pmk1 MAPK partially rescued rho1-596 thermosensitivity, corroborating the unexpected antagonistic functional relationship of these genes. We found that rho1-596 cells displayed increased basal activation of the cell integrity MAPK pathway and therefore were hypersensitive to MgCl2 and FK506. Moreover, the absence of calcineurin was lethal for rho1-596. We found a higher level of calcineurin activity in rho1-596 than in wild-type cells, and overexpression of constitutively active calcineurin partially rescued rho1-596 thermosensitivity. All together our results suggest that loss of Rho1 function causes an increase in the cell integrity MAPK activity, which is detrimental to the cells and turns calcineurin activity essential.
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12
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Zhang L, Ma N, Liu Q, Ma Y. Genome-wide screening for genes associated with valproic acid sensitivity in fission yeast. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68738. [PMID: 23861937 PMCID: PMC3702616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been studying the action mechanisms of valproic acid (VPA) in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by developing a genetic screen for mutants that show hypersensitivity to VPA. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide screen of 3004 haploid deletion strains and confirmed 148 deletion strains to be VPA sensitive. Of the 148 strains, 93 strains also showed sensitivity to another aliphatic acids HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate (SB), and 55 strains showed sensitivity to VPA but not to SB. Interestingly, we found that both VPA and SB treatment induced a marked increase in the transcription activity of Atf1 in wild-type cells. However, in clr6-1, a mutant allele the clr6+ gene encoding class I HDAC, neither VPA- nor SB induced the activation of Atf1 transcription activity. We also found that VPA, but not SB, caused an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ level. We further found that the cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase was caused by Ca2+ influx from extracellular medium via Cch1-Yam8 channel complex. Altogether, our present study indicates that VPA and SB play similar but distinct roles in multiple physiological processes in fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yan Ma
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Cadou A, Couturier A, Le Goff C, Xie L, Paulson JR, Le Goff X. The Kin1 kinase and the calcineurin phosphatase cooperate to link actin ring assembly and septum synthesis in fission yeast. Biol Cell 2013; 105:129-48. [PMID: 23294323 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The Kin1 protein kinase of fission yeast, which regulates cell surface cohesiveness during interphase cell growth, is also present at the cell division site during mitosis; however, its function in cell division has remained elusive. RESULTS In FK506-mediated calcineurin deficient cells, mitosis is extended and ring formation is transiently compromised but septation remains normal. Here, we show that Kin1 inhibition in these cells leads to polyseptation and defects in membrane closure. Actomyosin ring disassembly is prevented and ultimately the daughter cells fail to separate. We show that the Pmk1 MAP kinase pathway and the type V myosin Myo4 act downstream of the cytokinetic function of Kin1. Kin1 inhibition also promotes polyseptation in myo3Δ, a type II myosin heavy-chain mutant defective in ring assembly. In contrast, Kin1 inactivation rescues septation in a myosin light-chain cdc4-8 thermosensitive mutant. A structure/function analysis of the Kin1 protein sequence identified a novel motif outside the kinase domain that is important for its polarised localisation and its catalytic activity. This motif is remarkably conserved in all fungal Kin1 homologues but is absent in related kinases of metazoans. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that calcineurin and Kin1 activities must be tightly coordinated to link actomyosin ring assembly with septum synthesis and membrane closure and to ensure separation of the daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cadou
- CNRS UMR6290 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, France
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Tay Z, Eng RJ, Sajiki K, Lim KK, Tang MY, Yanagida M, Chen ES. Cellular robustness conferred by genetic crosstalk underlies resistance against chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in fission yeast. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55041. [PMID: 23365689 PMCID: PMC3554685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic that is among one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in the clinical setting. The usage of doxorubicin is faced with many problems including severe side effects and chemoresistance. To overcome these challenges, it is important to gain an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms with regards to the mode of action of doxorubicin. To facilitate this aim, we identified the genes that are required for doxorubicin resistance in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We further demonstrated interplay between factors controlling various aspects of chromosome metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and membrane transport. In the nucleus we observed that the subunits of the Ino80, RSC, and SAGA complexes function in the similar epistatic group that shares significant overlap with the homologous recombination genes. However, these factors generally act in synergistic manner with the chromosome segregation regulator DASH complex proteins, possibly forming two major arms for regulating doxorubicin resistance in the nucleus. Simultaneous disruption of genes function in membrane efflux transport or the mitochondrial respiratory chain integrity in the mutants defective in either Ino80 or HR function resulted in cumulative upregulation of drug-specific growth defects, suggesting a rewiring of pathways that synergize only when the cells is exposed to the cytotoxic stress. Taken together, our work not only identified factors that are required for survival of the cells in the presence of doxorubicin but has further demonstrated that an extensive molecular crosstalk exists between these factors to robustly confer doxorubicin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Tay
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ru Jun Eng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kenichi Sajiki
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kim Kiat Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ming Yi Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mitsuhiro Yanagida
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
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15
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Genome-wide screen reveals novel mechanisms for regulating cobalt uptake and detoxification in fission yeast. Mol Genet Genomics 2012; 287:651-62. [PMID: 22806344 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-012-0705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt is an essential micronutrient but is toxic when present in excess. To study cobalt homeostasis we performed a genome-wide screen for deletion strains that show sensitivity or resistance to CoCl(2). Among 54 cobalt-sensitive strains, 18 are supersensitive strains, which are involved in histidine biosynthetic process, ubiquitination, mitochondria function, membrane trafficking, transporter and a variety of other known functions or still unknown functions. Furthermore, we identified 56 cobalt-resistant deletion strains, which are mainly involved in mitochondria function, signal transduction, ubiquitination, and gene expression and chromatin remodeling. Notably, deletion of the zhf1(+) gene, encoding a zinc ion transporter, confers supersensitivity to cobalt and overexpression of the zhf1(+) gene confers marked tolerance to cobalt, indicating that Zhf1 play key roles in cobalt detoxification. Interestingly, all the histidine-auxotrophic mutants displayed cobalt sensitivity and deletion of cationic amino acid transporter Cat1, which was shown to be involved in histidine uptake, suppressed the CoCl(2)-sensitive growth defect of the his2 mutants, suggesting that CoCl(2) may be transported into the cell together with histidine via histidine transporters including Cat1. In addition, we obtained results suggesting that the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Rhp6 and Sty1 stress MAP kinase pathway are involved in the regulation of cobalt homeostasis. Altogether, our genome-wide study demonstrates for the first time the mechanisms of cobalt homeostasis, particularly its uptake and detoxification in fission yeast.
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16
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Rentas S, Saberianfar R, Grewal C, Kanippayoor R, Mishra M, McCollum D, Karagiannis J. The SET domain protein, Set3p, promotes the reliable execution of cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31224. [PMID: 22347452 PMCID: PMC3275627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to perturbation of the cell division machinery fission yeast cells activate regulatory networks that ensure the faithful completion of cytokinesis. For instance, when cells are treated with drugs that impede constriction of the actomyosin ring (low doses of Latrunculin A, for example) these networks ensure that cytokinesis is complete before progression into the subsequent mitosis. Here, we identify three previously uncharacterized genes, hif2, set3, and snt1, whose deletion results in hyper-sensitivity to LatA treatment and in increased rates of cytokinesis failure. Interestingly, these genes are orthologous to TBL1X, MLL5, and NCOR2, human genes that encode components of a histone deacetylase complex with a known role in cytokinesis. Through co-immunoprecipitation experiments, localization studies, and phenotypic analysis of gene deletion mutants, we provide evidence for an orthologous complex in fission yeast. Furthermore, in light of the putative role of the complex in chromatin modification, together with our results demonstrating an increase in Set3p levels upon Latrunculin A treatment, global gene expression profiles were generated. While this analysis demonstrated that the expression of cytokinesis genes was not significantly affected in set3Δ backgrounds, it did reveal defects in the ability of the mutant to regulate genes with roles in the cellular response to stress. Taken together, these findings support the existence of a conserved, multi-protein complex with a role in promoting the successful completion of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rentas
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reza Saberianfar
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charnpal Grewal
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mithilesh Mishra
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dannel McCollum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jim Karagiannis
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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