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Peng T, Sun F, Yang JC, Cai MH, Huai MX, Pan JX, Zhang FY, Xu LM. Novel lactylation-related signature to predict prognosis for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2575-2602. [PMID: 38817665 PMCID: PMC11135411 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i19.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate, previously considered a metabolic byproduct, is pivotal in cancer progression and maintaining the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Further investigations confirmed that lactate is a primary regulator, introducing recently described post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins, termed lysine lactylation. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas are characterized by increased glycolysis and lactate accumulation. However, our understanding of lactylation-related genes in pancreatic adenocarcinomas remains limited. AIM To construct a novel lactylation-related gene signature to predict the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS RNA-seq and clinical data of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were obtained from the GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) databases via Xena Explorer, and GSE62452 datasets from GEO. Data on lactylation-related genes were obtained from publicly available sources. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired by using R package "DESeq2" in R. Univariate COX regression analysis, LASSO Cox and multivariate Cox regressions were produced to construct the lactylation-related prognostic model. Further analyses, including functional enrichment, ESTIMATE, and CIBERSORT, were performed to analyze immune status and treatment responses in patients with pancreatic cancer. PDAC and normal human cell lines were subjected to western blot analysis under lactic acid intervention; two PDAC cell lines with the most pronounced lactylation were selected. Subsequently, RT-PCR was employed to assess the expression of LRGs genes; SLC16A1, which showed the highest expression, was selected for further investigation. SLC16A1-mediated lactylation was analyzed by immunofluorescence, lactate production analysis, colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays to investigate its role in promoting the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells. In vivo validation was performed using an established tumor model. RESULTS In this study, we successfully identified 10 differentially expressed lactylation-related genes (LRGs) with prognostic value. Subsequently, a lactylation-related signature was developed based on five OS-related lactylation-related genes (SLC16A1, HLA-DRB1, KCNN4, KIF23, and HPDL) using Lasso Cox hazard regression analysis. Subsequently, we evaluated the clinical significance of the lactylation-related genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A comprehensive examination of infiltrating immune cells and tumor mutation burden was conducted across different subgroups. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SLC16A1 modulates lactylation in pancreatic cancer cells through lactate transport. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that decreasing SLC16A1 Level and its lactylation significantly inhibited tumor progression, indicating the potential of targeting the SLC16A1/Lactylation-associated signaling pathway as a therapeutic strategy against pancreatic adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION We constructed a novel lactylation-related prognostic signature to predict OS, immune status, and treatment response of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, providing new strategic directions and antitumor immunotherapies.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters/genetics
- Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Symporters/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Male
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Female
- Animals
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Chun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mei-Hong Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Man-Xiu Huai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Xing Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Guo Z, Ashrafizadeh M, Zhang W, Zou R, Sethi G, Zhang X. Molecular profile of metastasis, cell plasticity and EMT in pancreatic cancer: a pre-clinical connection to aggressiveness and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:29-53. [PMID: 37453022 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The metastasis is a multistep process in which a small proportion of cancer cells are detached from the colony to enter into blood cells for obtaining a new place for metastasis and proliferation. The metastasis and cell plasticity are considered major causes of cancer-related deaths since they improve the malignancy of cancer cells and provide poor prognosis for patients. Furthermore, enhancement in the aggressiveness of cancer cells has been related to the development of drug resistance. Metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells has been considered one of the major causes of death in patients and their undesirable prognosis. PC is among the most malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and in addition to lifestyle, smoking, and other factors, genomic changes play a key role in its progression. The stimulation of EMT in PC cells occurs as a result of changes in molecular interaction, and in addition to increasing metastasis, EMT participates in the development of chemoresistance. The epithelial, mesenchymal, and acinar cell plasticity can occur and determines the progression of PC. The major molecular pathways including STAT3, PTEN, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt participate in regulating the metastasis of PC cells. The communication in tumor microenvironment can provide by exosomes in determining PC metastasis. The components of tumor microenvironment including macrophages, neutrophils, and cancer-associated fibroblasts can modulate PC progression and the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, 128 Jinling Road, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Effat H, Abosharaf HA, Radwan AM. Combined effects of naringin and doxorubicin on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway reduce the development and spread of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2824. [PMID: 38310190 PMCID: PMC10838285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer therapy options are limited due to its late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Doxorubicin is the fundamental therapy approach for this disease. Because chemotherapy has numerous adverse effects, the scope of the existing research was to appraise the synergetic effect of doxorubicin and naringin and explore the underlying mechanism. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and naringin on MCF-7 was monitored. Furthermore, the expression of STAT3 and JAK1 as well as the apoptotic and metastatic related genes (Bax, Bcl-2, Survivin, and VEGF) were conducted by immunoblotting assay and qRT-PCR. In addition, a wound healing test was utilized to appraise the migration and metastasis of MCF-7. Our results revealed that naringin and doxorubicin had a synergetic inhibitory influence on MCF-7 cells growth and migration. The synergetic action of doxorubicin and naringin effectively hindered the expression of STAT3, JAK1, Bcl-2, Survivin, and VEGF, with a boost in the level of Bax compared to cells treated with either doxorubicin or naringin. In conclusion, our findings imply that combining doxorubicin with naringin may be a favorable strategy for inhibiting the growth of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Effat
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institut, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hamed A Abosharaf
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aliaa M Radwan
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Adesoye T, Tripathy D, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Exploring Novel Frontiers: Leveraging STAT3 Signaling for Advanced Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:492. [PMID: 38339245 PMCID: PMC10854592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a significant role in diverse physiologic processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and survival. STAT3 activation via phosphorylation of tyrosine and serine residues is a complex and tightly regulated process initiated by upstream signaling pathways with ligand binding to receptor and non-receptor-linked kinases. Through downstream deregulation of target genes, aberrations in STAT3 activation are implicated in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and recurrence in multiple cancers. While there have been extensive efforts to develop direct and indirect STAT3 inhibitors using novel drugs as a therapeutic strategy, direct clinical application remains in evolution. In this review, we outline the mechanisms of STAT3 activation, the resulting downstream effects in physiologic and malignant settings, and therapeutic strategies for targeting STAT3. We also summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of novel drug therapies targeting STAT3 and discuss the challenges of establishing their therapeutic efficacy in the current clinical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Adesoye
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Debasish Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Kelly K. Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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sFLT01 modulates invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer DU145 cells by inhibition of VEGF/GRP78/MMP2&9 axis. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:30. [PMID: 34011277 PMCID: PMC8135984 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background About 90% of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis of cancer cells, and angiogenesis is a critical step in this process. sFLT01 is a novel fusion protein and a dual-targeting agent that neutralizes both VEGF and PlGF proangiogenic activities. GRP78 dual effect in tumor growth and angiogenesis could be activated under VEGF stimulation. The current study was designed to investigate the inhibitory impact of sFLT01 protein on VEGF/GRP78 axis. To this point, sFLT01 construct was synthesized, recombinant plasmid was expressed in eukaryotic host cells, sFLT01-HisTag protein was extracted and analyzed. The functional activity of sFLT01 on VEGF-enhanced tube formation and angiogenesis of HUVEC cells were examined. Eventually, the inhibitory impact of sFLT01 on growth, invasiveness, and migration of human prostate cancer cell line, DU145, was assessed. Real-time PCR evaluated the level of GRP78 and its effect on the downstream factors; matrix metallopeptidase proteins 2&9 (MMP2&9) along with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase proteins1&2 (TIMP1&2) under sFLT01 stimulation. Results According to the data, sFLT01 protein showed modulatory impact on proliferation, invasion, and migration of DU145 cells along with the potential of HUVECs angiogenesis. Real-Time PCR analysis depicted a significant downregulation in GRP78, MMP2 and MMP9 transcripts’ levels, and a subsequent elevation of TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression under sFLT01 stimulation was detected. Conclusion Overall, these data indicated that the inhibitory impact of sFLT01 on cancer cells growth and invasiveness could be mediated through the modulation of VEGF/GRP78/MMP2&9 axis and activation of TIMPs.
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6
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Kotlyarov S. Participation of ABCA1 Transporter in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3334. [PMID: 33805156 PMCID: PMC8037621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the important medical and social problem. According to modern concepts, COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease, macrophages play a key role in its pathogenesis. Macrophages are heterogeneous in their functions, which is largely determined by their immunometabolic profile, as well as the features of lipid homeostasis, in which the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role. The objective of this work is the analysis of the ABCA1 protein participation and the function of reverse cholesterol transport in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of the ABCA1 gene in lung tissues takes the second place after the liver, which indicates the important role of the carrier in lung function. The participation of the transporter in the development of COPD consists in provision of lipid metabolism, regulation of inflammation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. Violation of the processes in which ABCA1 is involved may be a part of the pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to the formation of a heterogeneous clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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Tolomeo M, Cascio A. The Multifaced Role of STAT3 in Cancer and Its Implication for Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020603. [PMID: 33435349 PMCID: PMC7826746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is one of the most complex regulators of transcription. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been reported in many types of tumors and depends on mechanisms such as hyperactivation of receptors for pro-oncogenic cytokines and growth factors, loss of negative regulation, and excessive cytokine stimulation. In contrast, somatic STAT3 mutations are less frequent in cancer. Several oncogenic targets of STAT3 have been recently identified such as c-myc, c-Jun, PLK-1, Pim1/2, Bcl-2, VEGF, bFGF, and Cten, and inhibitors of STAT3 have been developed for cancer prevention and treatment. However, despite the oncogenic role of STAT3 having been widely demonstrated, an increasing amount of data indicate that STAT3 functions are multifaced and not easy to classify. In fact, the specific cellular role of STAT3 seems to be determined by the integration of multiple signals, by the oncogenic environment, and by the alternative splicing into two distinct isoforms, STAT3α and STAT3β. On the basis of these different conditions, STAT3 can act both as a potent tumor promoter or tumor suppressor factor. This implies that the therapies based on STAT3 modulators should be performed considering the pleiotropic functions of this transcription factor and tailored to the specific tumor type.
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Emerging roles for the IL-6 family of cytokines in pancreatic cancer. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2091-2115. [PMID: 32808663 PMCID: PMC7434989 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the poorest prognoses of all malignancies, with little improvement in clinical outcome over the past 40 years. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is responsible for the vast majority of pancreatic cancer cases, and is characterised by the presence of a dense stroma that impacts therapeutic efficacy and drives pro-tumorigenic programs. More specifically, the inflammatory nature of the tumour microenvironment is thought to underlie the loss of anti-tumour immunity and development of resistance to current treatments. Inflammatory pathways are largely mediated by the expression of, and signalling through, cytokines, chemokines, and other cellular messengers. In recent years, there has been much attention focused on dual targeting of cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment. Here we review our current understanding of the role of IL-6, and the broader IL-6 cytokine family, in pancreatic cancer, including their contribution to pancreatic inflammation and various roles in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. We also summarise potential opportunities for therapeutic targeting of these pathways as an avenue towards combating poor patient outcomes.
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Garg M, Shanmugam MK, Bhardwaj V, Goel A, Gupta R, Sharma A, Baligar P, Kumar AP, Goh BC, Wang L, Sethi G. The pleiotropic role of transcription factor STAT3 in oncogenesis and its targeting through natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1291-1336. [PMID: 33289118 DOI: 10.1002/med.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of the crucial transcription factors, responsible for regulating cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation, migration, programmed cell death, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and immune activation. In this review, we have discussed the classical regulation of STAT3 via diverse growth factors, cytokines, G-protein-coupled receptors, as well as toll-like receptors. We have also highlighted the potential role of noncoding RNAs in regulating STAT3 signaling. However, the deregulation of STAT3 signaling has been found to be associated with the initiation and progression of both solid and hematological malignancies. Additionally, hyperactivation of STAT3 signaling can maintain the cancer stem cell phenotype by modulating the tumor microenvironment, cellular metabolism, and immune responses to favor drug resistance and metastasis. Finally, we have also discussed several plausible ways to target oncogenic STAT3 signaling using various small molecules derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vipul Bhardwaj
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akul Goel
- La Canada High School, La Canada Flintridge, California, USA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arundhiti Sharma
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Baligar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Vundavilli H, Datta A, Sima C, Hua J, Lopes R, Bittner M. In Silico Design and Experimental Validation of Combination Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 17:1010-1018. [PMID: 30281473 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2018.2872573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of deaths associated with Pancreatic Cancer has been on the rise in the United States making it an especially dreaded disease. The overall prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients continues to be grim because of the complexity of the disease at the molecular level involving the potential activation/inactivation of several diverse signaling pathways. In this paper, we first model the aberrant signaling in pancreatic cancer using a multi-fault Boolean Network. Thereafter, we theoretically evaluate the efficacy of different drug combinations by simulating this boolean network with drugs at the relevant intervention points and arrive at the most effective drug(s) to achieve cell death. The simulation results indicate that drug combinations containing Cryptotanshinone, a traditional Chinese herb derivative, result in considerably enhanced cell death. These in silico results are validated using wet lab experiments we carried out on Human Pancreatic Cancer (HPAC) cell lines.
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Ma W, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Guo S. STAT3 promotes chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression through upregulating SMYD3 expression. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1163-1175. [PMID: 31572461 PMCID: PMC6764298 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.77733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was designed to investigate the roles of STAT3 and SMYD3 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the regulatory relationship between STAT3 and SMYD3 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of STAT3 and SMYD3 was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot in chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples and cells (MEC1, CLL). Small interfering RNA was used to knock down the mRNA level of STAT3 and the pcDNA3.1-SMYD3 plasmid was used to construct a SMYD3 overexpression model. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. A transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion ability. Afterwards, a luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment (ChIP assay) were applied to confirm the correlation between STAT3 and SMYD3. RESULTS STAT3 was highly expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia mononuclear cells and cancerous cell lines. STAT3 knockdown dramatically inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of SMYD3 in MEC1 and CLL cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay combined with the ChIP assay revealed that STAT3 bound to the promoter region of STAT3 and contributed to the transcription of SMYD3. Knockdown of STAT3 positively correlated with inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion abilities, while overexpression of SMYD3 negatively correlated with inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 may promote chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression through elevating SMYD3 expression. Targeting STAT3 and SMYD3 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Scientific Research Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Nursing Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Guo
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang HX, Yang PL, Li EM, Xu LY. STAT3beta, a distinct isoform from STAT3. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:130-139. [PMID: 30822557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STAT3β is an isoform of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) that differs from the STAT3α isoform by the replacement of the C-terminal 55 amino acid residues with 7 specific residues. The constitutive activation of STAT3α plays a pivotal role in the activation of oncogenic pathways, such as cell proliferation, maturation and survival, while STAT3β is often referred to as a dominant-negative regulator of cancer. STAT3β reveals a "spongy cushion" effect through its cooperation with STAT3α or forms a ternary complex with other co-activators. Especially in tumour cells, relatively high levels of STAT3β lead to some favourable changes. However, there are still many mechanisms that have not been clearly explained in contrast to STAT3α, such as STAT3β nuclear retention, more stable heterodimers and the prolonged Y705 phosphorylation. In addition to its transcriptional activities, STAT3β may also function in the cytosol with respect to the mitochondria, cytoskeleton rearrangements and metastasis of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms that underlie the unique roles of STAT3β combined with total STAT3 to enlighten and draw the attention of researchers studying STAT3 and discuss some interesting questions that warrant answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncological Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ping-Lian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncological Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncological Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Li S, Xu HX, Wu CT, Wang WQ, Jin W, Gao HL, Li H, Zhang SR, Xu JZ, Qi ZH, Ni QX, Yu XJ, Liu L. Angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer: current research status and clinical implications. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:15-36. [PMID: 30168025 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Although the standard of care in pancreatic cancer has improved, prognoses for patients remain poor with a 5-year survival rate of < 5%. Angiogenesis, namely, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is an important event in tumor growth and hematogenous metastasis. It is a dynamic and complex process involving multiple mechanisms and is regulated by various molecules. Inhibition of angiogenesis has been an established therapeutic strategy for many solid tumors. However, clinical outcomes are far from satisfying for pancreatic cancer patients receiving anti-angiogenic therapies. In this review, we summarize the current status of angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer research and explore the reasons for the poor efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapies, aiming to identify some potential therapeutic targets that may enhance the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chun-Tao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - He-Li Gao
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Xu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zi-Hao Qi
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Quan-Xing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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14
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Pan J, Lee Y, Cheng G, Zielonka J, Zhang Q, Bajzikova M, Xiong D, Tsaih SW, Hardy M, Flister M, Olsen CM, Wang Y, Vang O, Neuzil J, Myers CR, Kalyanaraman B, You M. Mitochondria-Targeted Honokiol Confers a Striking Inhibitory Effect on Lung Cancer via Inhibiting Complex I Activity. iScience 2018; 3:192-207. [PMID: 30428319 PMCID: PMC6137433 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a mitochondria-targeted honokiol (Mito-HNK) that facilitates its mitochondrial accumulation; this dramatically increases its potency and efficacy against highly metastatic lung cancer lines in vitro, and in orthotopic lung tumor xenografts and brain metastases in vivo. Mito-HNK is >100-fold more potent than HNK in inhibiting cell proliferation, inhibiting mitochondrial complex ?, stimulating reactive oxygen species generation, oxidizing mitochondrial peroxiredoxin-3, and suppressing the phosphorylation of mitoSTAT3. Within lung cancer brain metastases in mice, Mito-HNK induced the mediators of cell death and decreased the pathways that support invasion and proliferation. In contrast, in the non-malignant stroma, Mito-HNK suppressed pathways that support metastatic lesions, including those involved in inflammation and angiogenesis. Mito-HNK showed no toxicity and targets the metabolic vulnerabilities of primary and metastatic lung cancers. Its pronounced anti-invasive and anti-metastatic effects in the brain are particularly intriguing given the paucity of treatment options for such patients either alone or in combination with standard chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yongik Lee
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Donghai Xiong
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Micael Hardy
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Michael Flister
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher M Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yian Wang
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ole Vang
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles R Myers
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ming You
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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15
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Tsai WC, Bai LY, Chen YJ, Chu PC, Hsu YW, Sargeant AM, Weng JR. OSU-A9 inhibits pancreatic cancer cell lines by modulating p38-JAK-STAT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29233-29246. [PMID: 28418923 PMCID: PMC5438726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy that is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Since there is a dire need for novel and effective therapies to improve the poor survival rates of advanced pancreatic cancer patients, we analyzed the antitumor effects of OSU-A9, an indole-3-carbinol derivative, on pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. OSU-A9 exhibited a stronger antitumor effect than gemcitabine on two pancreatic cancer cell lines, including gemcitabine-resistant PANC-1 cells. OSU-A9 treatment induced apoptosis, the down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation, up-regulation of p38 phosphorylation and decreased phosphorylation of JAK and STAT3. Cell migration and invasiveness assays showed that OSU-A9 reduced cancer cell aggressiveness and inhibited BxPC-3 xenograft growth in nude mice. These results suggest that OSU-A9 modulates the p38-JAK-STAT3 signaling module, thereby inducing cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. Continued evaluation of OSU-A9 as a potential therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer thus appears warrented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jin Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Chu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11574, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 71745, Taiwan
| | - Aaron M Sargeant
- Charles River Laboratories, Safety Assessment, Spencerville, OH 45887, USA
| | - Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
STAT3 plays a central role in oncogenesis by mediating cell survival, growth, and differentiation. It is constitutively activated in breast cancer. We investigated the role of STAT3 in tumor development by knocking down STAT3 levels in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells using short hairpin RNA. The tumor forming potential of these STAT3-depleted cells was assessed by xenografts in immunocompromised NOD SCID mice. Contrary to its accepted tumor promoting role, we found STAT3 to be a negative regulator of growth in MDA-MB-231- derived tumors. Although similar observations have been made in thyroid carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma xenograft studies, our novel results showed for the first time that the role of STAT3 in promoting tumorigenesis may be context-specific, and that STAT3 may actually be a negative regulator of certain breast-cancer types. Studies to identify the mechanisms of STAT3's negative regulatory role may be useful in developing STAT3-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Banerjee
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Cindy Pru
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - James K Pru
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Haluk Resat
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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17
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The effects of novel chitosan-targeted gemcitabine nanomedicine mediating cisplatin on epithelial mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:650-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Wang JD, Jin K, Chen XY, Lv JQ, Ji KW. Clinicopathological significance of SMAD4 loss in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16704-16711. [PMID: 28053288 PMCID: PMC5369995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Although advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of PDAC, the outcome still remains poor. The aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the precise association between SMAD4 loss and clinicopathological significance in PDAC. A literature search was made in PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, and EMBASE for related publications. The data were extracted and assessed by two reviewers independently. Analysis of pooled data was performed, Odds Ratio or Hazard Ratio with corresponding confidence intervals was calculated and summarized. 12 relevant articles were included for full review in detail and meta-analysis. The frequency of SMAD4 protein loss was significantly increased in PDAC than in nonmalignant pancreatic tissue, Odd Ratio was 0.05 with 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.23, p<0.0001. SMAD4 loss was significantly associated with poor overall survival in patients with PDAC, Hazard Ratio was 0.61 with 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.99, p=0.05. SMAD4 loss was not correlated with the size, grades, and lymph node metastasis of PDAC. In conclusion, SMAD4 is a biomarker for the diagnosis of PDAC. SMAD4 loss is significantly related to poor prognosis in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Dao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- Psychosomatic Second Division, Shaoxing 7th People's Hospital, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie-Qing Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke-Wei Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
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19
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Zeng Y, Rucki AA, Che X, Zheng L. Shifting paradigm of developing biologics for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 8:441-448. [PMID: 28736631 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is still widely considered as a deadly disease even though there are substantial therapeutic developments in the past decade. Using combinational chemotherapy regimens, represented by gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX, was able to improve overall survival in patients with advanced disease to a limited extent. It has been a challenge to develop targeted therapies that are focused on the neoplasm cells of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recently, targeting the stroma and immune compartments of pancreatic adenocarcinoma has shown promising results. The paradigm of biologics drug development therefore has been shifted by extending to these exciting areas. Although some of the preclinical and clinical researches in targeting the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma have shown promising results, others have resulted in controversial findings. Both comprehensive and in-depth researches on the basic science of the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma are thus warranted for the development of effective biologics that target the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, an ideal treatment for pancreatic adenocarcinoma shall be a combination of targeting both neoplastic cells and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Agnieszka A Rucki
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xu Che
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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20
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Momtaz S, Niaz K, Maqbool F, Abdollahi M, Rastrelli L, Nabavi SM. STAT3 targeting by polyphenols: Novel therapeutic strategy for melanoma. Biofactors 2017; 43:347-370. [PMID: 27896891 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma or malignant melanocytes appear with the low incidence rate, but very high mortality rate worldwide. Epidemiological studies suggest that polyphenolic compounds contribute for prevention or treatment of several cancers particularly melanoma. Such findings motivate to dig out novel therapeutic strategies against melanoma, including research toward the development of new chemotherapeutic and biologic agents that can target the tumor cells by different mechanisms. Recently, it has been found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated in many cancer cases surprisingly. Different evidences supply the aspect that STAT3 activation plays a vital role in the metastasis, including proliferation of cells, survival, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. This significant feature plays a vital role in various cellular processes, such as cell proliferation and survival. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms of the STAT3 pathway regulation and their role in promoting melanoma. Also, we have evaluated the emerging data on polyphenols (PPs) specifically their contribution in melanoma therapies with an emphasis on their regulatory/inhibitory actions in relation to STAT3 pathway and current progress in the development of phytochemical therapeutic techniques. An understanding of targeting STAT3 by PPs brings an opportunity to melanoma therapy. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):347-370, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kamal Niaz
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faheem Maqbool
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Wang Y, Lu Z, Wang N, Zhang M, Zeng X, Zhao W. MicroRNA-1299 is a negative regulator of STAT3 in colon cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3227-3234. [PMID: 28498395 PMCID: PMC5442392 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) is a family of transcription factors which regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metastasis, immune and inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis. STAT3 is a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor that belongs to STATs. STAT3 has been reported be regulates genes involved with cellular growth, proliferation and metastasis. Worldwide, colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Cumulative evidence has established that STAT3 is essential for colon cancer progression to advanced malignancy. In our study, we showed that microRNA-1299 (miR-1299) was closely related to the TNM stage of colon cancer, and that the expression of miR-1299 was negatively correlated with the expression of STAT3 in colon cancer which means that miR-1299 can be a negative regulator of STAT3 in colon cancer. A total of 60 cases of different grades of colon samples were used to detect the expression of miR-1299. Results showed that miR-1299 was significantly lower in high-grade colons both in mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, Overall survival (OS) in patients with low miR-1299 is shorter than 25.6 months, as compared with an OS of 28.4 months in patients with high level of miR-1299. We also confirmed that the overexpression of miR-1299 can not only downregulate the STAT3 pathway, but also inhibited colon cancer cell growth. Our findings could provide new insights into the molecular therapeutic of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- The 4th Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Wang
- The 2nd Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhang
- The 2nd Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiandong Zeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- The 4th Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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22
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Li B, Huang C. Regulation of EMT by STAT3 in gastrointestinal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 50:753-767. [PMID: 28098855 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is characterized by its aggressiveness and tendency to metastasize at early stage. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), commonly known as the preparing step of metastasis, may account for the aggressive phenotype of GI cancer cells. The process of EMT is finely orchestrated by multiple layers of regulators. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor constitutively activated in diverse malignancies. Recent studies have suggested an involvement of STAT3 in GI cancer EMT. In this review, we first take an insight into the oncogenic functions of STAT3 in GI cancer, and then summarize the possible mechanisms by which STAT3 regulates the EMT process. Through the extensive interactions with EMT-inducing transcription factors and non-coding RNAs, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways, STAT3 has been demonstrated to promote the mesenchymal and invasive phenotype of GI cancer, which provides rationales for specifically targeting STAT3 to prevent and reverse the progression of GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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23
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Cen G, Zhang K, Cao J, Qiu Z. Downregulation of the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 is related to enhanced proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1189-1195. [PMID: 28075464 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is differently expressed in human malignancies according to the tumor type. We investigated the expression of NDRG1 in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines as well as how it affects tumor growth, invasion and migration in pancreatic cancer cells. Experimental groups included NDRG1 overexpression and knockdown pancreatic cancer cell lines. Lentivirus-based empty vector transfected cells (NC group) were considered control groups. Proliferation, invasion and migration related proteins such as STAT3, MMPs, PTEN, PI3K/AKT were assessed by CCK-8, Transwell assay and western blotting. Efficient NDRG1 overexpression results in reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Inversely, downregulation of NDRG1 promoted proliferation, invasion and migration. We also found NDRG1 could deactivate p-STAT3, PI3K, p-AKT, MMP2, MMP9 and activate PTEN. NDRG1 is a potential anti-oncogene. Its upregulation significantly decreases pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, likely by inhibiting STAT3 and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kundong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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24
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Geng L, Li X, Zhou X, Fang X, Yuan D, Wang X. WP1066 exhibits antitumor efficacy in nasal‑type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma cells through downregulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2868-2874. [PMID: 27633398 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (nasal NKTCL) is an aggressive hematological neoplasm with poor prognosis, and its incidence is higher in Asia than in Western countries. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is related to numerous malignancies. However, the involvement of STAT3 in the pathogenesis of nasal NKTCL is poorly understood. In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that 21/28 (75.0%) nasal NKTCL tissues harbored constitutively expression of phospho‑STAT3 (p‑STAT3) which was positively correlated with the Ki‑67 levels (P﹤0.05). Immunofluorescence (IF) also detected p‑STAT3 expression in SNK6 cells (NKTCL cell line). Furthermore, WP1066 (a novel selective STAT3 inhibitor) was able to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SNK6 cells. Moreover, western blot analysis and RT‑PCR demonstrated that WP1066 downregulated the protein and mRNA expressions of the pro‑survival molecules (including c‑Myc, cyclin D1, and Bcl‑2) in SNK6 cells. These results suggested that STAT3 activation represents a potential target in nasal NKTCL. WP1066 may be a promising agent in antitumor therapy against nasal NKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Geng
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Dai Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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25
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Jakubowska K, Pryczynicz A, Januszewska J, Sidorkiewicz I, Kemona A, Niewiński A, Lewczuk Ł, Kędra B, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K. Expressions of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2, 7, and 9 in Carcinogenesis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9895721. [PMID: 27429508 PMCID: PMC4939209 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9895721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly fatal disease, usually diagnosed in an advanced stage which gives a slight chance of recovery. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that participate in tissue remodeling and stimulate neovascularization and inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in normal ducts, tumor pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, and peritumoral stroma in correlation with clinicohistopathological parameters. The study material was obtained from 29 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The expressions of MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 were performed by immunohistochemical technique. Microvessel density (MVD) was visualized by special immunostaining. The expressions of MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 were mainly observed in tumor cells and peritumoral stroma. MMP-2 expression in cancer cells was correlated with female gender, stronger inflammation, and histopathological type of cancer (R = 0.460, p = 0.013; R = 0.690, p = 0.0001; R = -0.440, p = 0.005, resp.). The expression of MMP-7 in tumor cells was found to positively correlate with the presence of necrosis and negatively correlate with MVD (R = 0.402, p = 0.031; R = -0.682, p = 0.000). We also showed that positive MMP-9 expression in tumor cells was associated with MVD (R = 0.368, p = 0.084); however, it was not statistically significant. Our results demonstrate that MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 expressions correlate with various morphological features of the PDAC tumor such as inflammation, necrosis, and formation of the new blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jakubowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 15-027 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Januszewska
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kemona
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Niewiński
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Lewczuk
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
| | - Bogusław Kędra
- 2nd Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
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26
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Arpin CC, Mac S, Jiang Y, Cheng H, Grimard M, Page BDG, Kamocka MM, Haftchenary S, Su H, Ball DP, Rosa DA, Lai PS, Gómez-Biagi RF, Ali AM, Rana R, Hanenberg H, Kerman K, McElyea KC, Sandusky GE, Gunning PT, Fishel ML. Applying Small Molecule Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) Protein Inhibitors as Pancreatic Cancer Therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:794-805. [PMID: 26873728 PMCID: PMC4873422 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Constitutively activated STAT3 protein has been found to be a key regulator of pancreatic cancer and a target for molecular therapeutic intervention. In this study, PG-S3-001, a small molecule derived from the SH-4-54 class of STAT3 inhibitors, was found to inhibit patient-derived pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo in the low micromolar range. PG-S3-001 binds the STAT3 protein potently, Kd = 324 nmol/L by surface plasmon resonance, and showed no effect in a kinome screen (>100 cancer-relevant kinases). In vitro studies demonstrated potent cell killing as well as inhibition of STAT3 activation in pancreatic cancer cells. To better model the tumor and its microenvironment, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) cultures of patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells in the absence and presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). In this coculture model, inhibition of tumor growth is maintained following STAT3 inhibition in the presence of CAFs. Confocal microscopy was used to verify tumor cell death following treatment of 3D cocultures with PG-S3-001. The 3D model was predictive of in vivo efficacy as significant tumor growth inhibition was observed upon administration of PG-S3-001. These studies showed that the inhibition of STAT3 was able to impact the survival of tumor cells in a relevant 3D model, as well as in a xenograft model using patient-derived cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 794-805. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn C Arpin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Mac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Huiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michelle Grimard
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brent D G Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malgorzata M Kamocka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sina Haftchenary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Han Su
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel P Ball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodolfo F Gómez-Biagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rahul Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery (ENT), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle C McElyea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George E Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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27
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Blockage of STAT3 Signaling Pathway by Morusin Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Invasion in Human Pancreatic Tumor Cells. Pancreas 2016; 45:409-19. [PMID: 26646273 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor implicated in carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of morusin, the major prenylflavonoid, isolated from Chinese herbal medicine in abrogating the constitutive STAT3 activation in human pancreatic tumor cells. METHODS The effect of morusin on STAT3 activation, associated protein kinases, STAT3-regulated gene products, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis was examined. RESULTS Morusin specifically inhibited constitutive STAT3 activation both at tyrosine residue 705 and serine residue 727 in 4 pancreatic tumor cells. The inhibition of STAT3 was mediated through the suppression of activation of upstream JAK1, JAK2, and c-Src kinases. Morusin led to the accumulation of the cells in different phases of the cell cycle and caused induction of apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Morusin downregulated the expression of various STAT3-regulated gene products; this correlated with induction of caspase-3 activation and anti-invasive effects. Treatment with the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate reversed the morusin-induced downregulation of STAT3, thereby suggesting the involvement of a protein tyrosine phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS Morusin is a novel blocker of STAT3 activation and thus may have potential in negative regulation of growth and metastasis of pancreatic tumor cells.
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28
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Niu Z, Wang M, Zhou L, Yao L, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Elevated GRP78 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16067. [PMID: 26530532 PMCID: PMC4632002 DOI: 10.1038/srep16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the heat-shock protein 70 family. We evaluated the expression of GRP78 using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues from 180 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. The associations between the expression levels of GRP78, clinicopathological factors, and overall survival were evaluated. The results showed that the expression of GRP78 was significantly higher in PDAC cells than in normal pancreatic duct cells within adjacent nontumor tissues (p < 0.05). The increased expression of GRP78 in the tumor tissues was significantly correlated with a higher T-stage (p < 0.05) and a shorter overall survival (OS, p < 0.05). In an in vitro study, the regulation of GRP78 in the PDAC cell lines affected the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PDAC cells through the regulation of CyclinD1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, CDK6, phospho-signal transducer, activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), janus kinase 2 (JAK2), ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1), and sterile alpha motif domain containing protein 4 (Smad4). The present data suggest that GRP78 plays a crucial role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and may be a suitable prognostic marker in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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29
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Ge Y, Yang B, Chen Z, Cheng R. Cryptotanshinone suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7782-8. [PMID: 26459366 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a challenging disease worldwide. Cryptotanshinone (CPT) is one of the active constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and exhibits significant antitumor activities in several human cancer cells. However, the efficacy and molecular mechanism of CPT in pancreatic cancer remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effect of CPT on the proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of human pancreatic cancer cell BxPC‑3 cells was evaluated. The results demonstrated that CPT inhibited proliferation of the BxPC‑3 cells in a concentration‑dependent manner, and significantly induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The protein levels of cleaved caspase‑3, caspase‑9 and poly ADP ribose polymerase were upregulated, while the levels of c‑myc, survivin and cyclin D1 were downregulated following treatment with CPT. In addition, CPT decreased the activities of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and several upstream regulatory signaling pathways after 24 h. However, CPT only inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 Tyr705 within 30 min, without marked effects on the phosphorylation of the other proteins. These results suggested that the inhibition of STAT3 activity by CPT was directly and independent of the upstream regulators in human pancreatic cancer. The present study demonstrated that CPT exerts anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway in human BxPC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ge
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Chen
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Rubin Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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30
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Hurwitz HI, Uppal N, Wagner SA, Bendell JC, Beck JT, Wade SM, Nemunaitis JJ, Stella PJ, Pipas JM, Wainberg ZA, Manges R, Garrett WM, Hunter DS, Clark J, Leopold L, Sandor V, Levy RS. Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II Study of Ruxolitinib or Placebo in Combination With Capecitabine in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer for Whom Therapy With Gemcitabine Has Failed. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:4039-47. [PMID: 26351344 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.61.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma have a poor prognosis and limited second-line treatment options. Evidence suggests a role for the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in the pathogenesis and clinical course of pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this double-blind, phase II study, patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who had experienced treatment failure with gemcitabine were randomly assigned 1:1 to the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (15 mg twice daily) plus capecitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily) or placebo plus capecitabine. The primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points included progression-free survival, clinical benefit response, objective response rate, and safety. Prespecified subgroup analyses evaluated treatment heterogeneity and efficacy in patients with evidence of inflammation. RESULTS In the intent-to-treat population (ruxolitinib, n = 64; placebo, n = 63), the hazard ratio was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.18; P = .25) for OS and was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.52 to 1.10; P = .14) for progression-free survival. In a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients with inflammation, defined by serum C-reactive protein levels greater than the study population median (ie, 13 mg/L), OS was significantly greater with ruxolitinib than with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.85; P = .011). Prolonged survival in this subgroup was supported by post hoc analyses of OS that categorized patients by the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, a systemic inflammation-based prognostic system. Grade 3 or greater adverse events were observed with similar frequency in the ruxolitinib (74.6%) and placebo (81.7%) groups. Grade 3 or greater anemia was more frequent with ruxolitinib (15.3%; placebo, 1.7%). CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib plus capecitabine was generally well tolerated and may improve survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and evidence of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert I Hurwitz
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE.
| | - Nikhil Uppal
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Stephanie A Wagner
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Johanna C Bendell
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - J Thaddeus Beck
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Seaborn M Wade
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - John J Nemunaitis
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Philip J Stella
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - J Marc Pipas
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Zev A Wainberg
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Robert Manges
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - William M Garrett
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Deborah S Hunter
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Jason Clark
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Lance Leopold
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Victor Sandor
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Richard S Levy
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
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Hurwitz HI, Uppal N, Wagner SA, Bendell JC, Beck JT, Wade SM, Nemunaitis JJ, Stella PJ, Pipas JM, Wainberg ZA, Manges R, Garrett WM, Hunter DS, Clark J, Leopold L, Sandor V, Levy RS. Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II Study of Ruxolitinib or Placebo in Combination With Capecitabine in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer for Whom Therapy With Gemcitabine Has Failed. J Clin Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26351344 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma have a poor prognosis and limited second-line treatment options. Evidence suggests a role for the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in the pathogenesis and clinical course of pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this double-blind, phase II study, patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who had experienced treatment failure with gemcitabine were randomly assigned 1:1 to the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (15 mg twice daily) plus capecitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily) or placebo plus capecitabine. The primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points included progression-free survival, clinical benefit response, objective response rate, and safety. Prespecified subgroup analyses evaluated treatment heterogeneity and efficacy in patients with evidence of inflammation. RESULTS In the intent-to-treat population (ruxolitinib, n = 64; placebo, n = 63), the hazard ratio was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.18; P = .25) for OS and was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.52 to 1.10; P = .14) for progression-free survival. In a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients with inflammation, defined by serum C-reactive protein levels greater than the study population median (ie, 13 mg/L), OS was significantly greater with ruxolitinib than with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.85; P = .011). Prolonged survival in this subgroup was supported by post hoc analyses of OS that categorized patients by the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, a systemic inflammation-based prognostic system. Grade 3 or greater adverse events were observed with similar frequency in the ruxolitinib (74.6%) and placebo (81.7%) groups. Grade 3 or greater anemia was more frequent with ruxolitinib (15.3%; placebo, 1.7%). CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib plus capecitabine was generally well tolerated and may improve survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and evidence of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert I Hurwitz
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE.
| | - Nikhil Uppal
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Stephanie A Wagner
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Johanna C Bendell
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - J Thaddeus Beck
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Seaborn M Wade
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - John J Nemunaitis
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Philip J Stella
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - J Marc Pipas
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Zev A Wainberg
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Robert Manges
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - William M Garrett
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Deborah S Hunter
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Jason Clark
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Lance Leopold
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Victor Sandor
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
| | - Richard S Levy
- Herbert I. Hurwitz, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Nikhil Uppal, New York University Langone Arena Oncology, Lake Success, NY; Stephanie A. Wagner, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Robert Manges, Investigative Clinical Research of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Johanna C. Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; J. Thaddeus Beck, Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR; Seaborn M. Wade III, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; John J. Nemunaitis, Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, TX; Philip J. Stella, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Alexander Cancer Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI; J. Marc Pipas, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Zev A. Wainberg, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and William M. Garrett, Deborah S. Hunter, Jason Clark, Lance Leopold, Victor Sandor, and Richard S. Levy, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE
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Shen N, Huang X, Li J. Upregulation of miR-129-5p affects laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, and migration by affecting STAT3 expression. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1789-96. [PMID: 26318305 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNA-129-5p may have a relationship with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), but the expression and function of miRNA-129-5p are not fully understood. This study was performed to investigate the expression and function of miRNA-129-5p in LSCC and its effects on STAT3. HBE and Hep-2 cells were cultured and analyzed by western blotting and real-time PCR. miR-129-5p expression was detected by real-time PCR. Hep-2 cells were transfected with a miR-129-5p expression vector. Cell proliferation, invasion, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays were used to determine the role of miRNA-129-5p in the growth, invasion, and migration of LSCC cells and to determine the importance of STAT3 in these effects. STAT3 mRNA expression in Hep-2 cells was significantly higher than that in HBE cells (P < 0.05). miR-129-5p expression detected by real-time PCR showed that it was expressed at a lower level in Hep-2 cells than in HBE cells (P < 0.05). Compared with the control cells, the transfected cells showed lower STAT3 mRNA expression. For up to 7 days in culture, the transfected cells showed lower proliferation than the control cells (P < 0.05). After 24 h in culture, the apoptosis rate in miR-129-5p-transfected cells was 3.48 ± 0.38 %, while the rate in control cells was 0.92 ± 0.09 % (P = 0.0028), but the statistical significance was lost after 72 h in culture (P = 0.3180). The invasion and migration of the cells were inhibited after 24 and 72 h in culture when the miR-129-5p expression in Hep-2 cells was upregulated (P = 0.0037 and 0.00383, respectively), while there was no statistically significant difference at 48 h (P = 0.0712). STAT3 expression could be suppressed by the upregulation of miR-129-5p expression. Both the proliferation and migration of tumor cells were suppressed when the level of STAT3 expression was decreased. The apoptosis rate of tumor cells was also increased. Based on these data, we suggest that miR-129-5p may directly inhibit STAT3 expression and play an important role in the development of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1158 East Gongyuan Road, Qinpu District, Shanghai, 201700, China.
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Pan Q, Yang GL, Yang JH, Lin SL, Liu N, Liu SS, Liu MY, Zhang LH, Huang YR, Shen RL, Liu Q, Gao JX, Bo JJ. Metformin can block precancerous progression to invasive tumors of bladder through inhibiting STAT3-mediated signaling pathways. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:77. [PMID: 26245871 PMCID: PMC4553001 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is the first line of oral antidiabetic drug in the biguanide class for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Increasing evidence has suggested that it is a potential anti-tumor drug. However, the mechanisms underlying inhibiting tumor development remain elusive, especially in bladder tumors. METHODS T24 and J82 cell lines were used as an in vitro model, and 24 female SD rats were used to build an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced orthotopic rat bladder cancer model. Transfection of lentivirus-based shRNA was used to construct the STAT3-KNOCKDOWN T24 cell line. After metformin treatment, the viability of bladde cancer cells was determined by CCK8. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The migration and invasion abilities of cells were evaluated by wound healing and transwell asssays. The inactivation of stat3 pahtway was examined by qRTPCR, western blot and Immunofluorescence. RESULTS Metformin can effectively inhibit precancerous progression to invasive cancer in an MNU-induced rat orthotopic bladder tumor model, although it could not completely suppress normal cells transforming into tumor cells. While the MNU could induce 50 % rats (4/8) to develop invasive bladder cancers, the rats co-administrated with metformin failed to develop invasive tumors but retained at precancerous or non-invasive stages, exhibiting as dysplasia, papillary tumor and/or carcinoma in situ (CIS). Accordingly, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is a well known oncogene, was significantly inhibited in the tumors of rats treated with metformin. In vitro experiments revealed that the metformin could efficiently inhibit STAT3 activation, which was associated with the cell cycle arrest, reduction of cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, and increase in apoptotic cell death of bladder cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide for the first time the evidence that metformin can block precancerous lesions progressing to invasive tumors through inhibiting the activation of STAT3 pathway, and may be used for treatment of the non-invasive bladder cancers to prevent them from progression to invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Liang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiang-Hua Yang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shi-Long Lin
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi-Ran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ru-long Shen
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai, China. .,Laboratory of Tumorigenesis and Immunity, Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juan-Jie Bo
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Laragione T, Cheng KF, Tanner MR, He M, Beeton C, Al-Abed Y, Gulko PS. The cation channel Trpv2 is a new suppressor of arthritis severity, joint damage, and synovial fibroblast invasion. Clin Immunol 2015; 158:183-92. [PMID: 25869297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the regulation of arthritis severity and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) have a central role in joint damage and express increased levels of the cation channel Trpv2. We aimed at determining the role of Trpv2 in arthritis. Treatment with Trpv2-specific agonists decreased the in vitro invasiveness of FLS from RA patients and arthritic rats and mice. Trpv2 stimulation suppressed IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-2 and MMP-3. Trpv2 agonists, including the new and more potent LER13, significantly reduced disease severity in KRN serum- and collagen-induced arthritis, and reduced histologic joint damage, synovial inflammation, and synovial blood vessel numbers suggesting anti-angiogenic activity. In this first in vivo use of Trpv2 agonists we discovered a new central role for Trpv2 in arthritis. These new compounds have the potential to become new therapies for RA and other diseases associated with inflammation, invasion, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresina Laragione
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kai F Cheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingzhu He
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Pércio S Gulko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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Gong J, Muñoz AR, Chan D, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. STAT3 down regulates LC3 to inhibit autophagy and pancreatic cancer cell growth. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2529-41. [PMID: 24796733 PMCID: PMC4058024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dismal 5-year survival (<5%) for pancreatic cancer (PanCA) underscores the need for developing effective therapeutic options. Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that Nexrutine® (Nx), a bark extract from Phellodendron amurense exhibits excellent anticancer activity in human pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of inflammatory signaling via STAT3/NFκB/Cox-2. Given the apparent high oxidative stress and autophagic activity in pancreatic tumors, we investigated the potential of Nx to modulate autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their crosstalk. Our results show that Nx inhibits autophagy and decreases ROS generation. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy led to decreased ROS generation and proliferation with no significant effect on apoptosis. Further, using combination index analysis we also found that combination of late-stage autophagy inhibitor with Nx exhibited a moderate synergistic to additive effect. Additionally, genetic or pharmacological inactivation of STAT3 reduced LC3-II levels and expression indicating a possible role for STAT3 in transcriptional regulation of autophagy. Since both inflammatory and oxidative stress signaling activate STAT3, our data implicates that STAT3 plays a vital role in the regulation of autophagy through its contributions to the positive feedback loop between ROS and autophagy. Overall, our findings reveal an important role for STAT3/LC3/ROS in Nx-mediated anti-pancreatic cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gong
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | - Addanki P Kumar
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
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Xia X, Wu W, Huang C, Cen G, Jiang T, Cao J, Huang K, Qiu Z. SMAD4 and its role in pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:111-9. [PMID: 25464861 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates cell functions and has key roles in pancreatic cancer development. SMAD4, as one of the Smads family of signal transducer from TGF-β, mediates pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis and is specifically inactivated in half of advanced pancreatic cancers. In recent years, many advances concerning SMAD4 had tried to unravel the complex signaling mechanisms of TGF-β and its dual role of tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting efforts in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression through SMAD4-dependent TGF-β signaling and SMAD4-independent TGF-β signaling pathways. Meanwhile, its potential prognostic value based on immunohistochemical expression in surgical sample was variably reported by several studies and short of a systematic analysis. This review aimed to discuss the structure, functions, and regulation of this principal protein and its effects in determining the progression and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
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STAT3 in Cancer-Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1408-40. [PMID: 24995504 PMCID: PMC4190548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles and significance of STAT3 in cancer biology have been extensively studied for more than a decade. Mounting evidence has shown that constitutive activation of STAT3 is a frequent biochemical aberrancy in cancer cells, and this abnormality directly contributes to tumorigenesis and shapes many malignant phenotypes in cancer cells. Nevertheless, results from more recent experimental and clinicopathologic studies have suggested that STAT3 also can exert tumor suppressor effects under specific conditions. Importantly, some of these studies have demonstrated that STAT3 can function either as an oncoprotein or a tumor suppressor in the same cell type, depending on the specific genetic background or presence/absence of specific coexisting biochemical defects. Thus, in the context of cancer biology, STAT3 can be a friend or foe. In the first half of this review, we will highlight the “evil” features of STAT3 by summarizing its oncogenic functions and mechanisms. The differences between the canonical and non-canonical pathway will be highlighted. In the second half, we will summarize the evidence supporting that STAT3 can function as a tumor suppressor. To explain how STAT3 may mediate its tumor suppressor effects, we will discuss several possible mechanisms, one of which is linked to the role of STAT3β, one of the two STAT3 splicing isoforms. Taken together, it is clear that the roles of STAT3 in cancer are multi-faceted and far more complicated than one appreciated previously. The new knowledge has provided us with new approaches and strategies when we evaluate STAT3 as a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Wen Z, Liao Q, Zhao J, Hu Y, You L, Lu Z, Jia C, Wei Y, Zhao Y. High expression of interleukin-22 and its receptor predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:125-32. [PMID: 24132627 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) and its receptor are present in the tumor microenvironment. Their function in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains largely unknown. The goal of the present study was to measure the expression of IL-22 and IL-22R in PDAC and assess their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis. METHODS The expression of IL-22 and IL-22R was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in PDAC tissues from 57 patients and by Western blotting in six tumors and adjacent nontumor tissues. A statistical analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between levels of expression, clinicopathological factors, and overall survival. In addition, the relationship between the expression of IL-22 and IL-22R and invasion was assessed by Western blotting and transwell assay with the PDAC cell lines PANC1 and BxPC3. RESULTS Positive IL-22 staining was detected in PDAC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues. Positive IL-22R staining was detected in PDAC cells. High expression of IL-22 and IL-22R correlated significantly with lymph node involvement. IL-22 increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription3, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, and the invasion in PANC1 and BxPC3 cells in vitro while silencing of IL-22R RNA caused opposite effects. Most importantly, overall survival was significantly poorer in patients with high expression of IL-22 and IL-22R than in those with low expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal the positive role of IL-22 and IL-22R in invasion and metastasis in human PDAC. IL-22 and IL-22R may be suitable independent prognostic markers in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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The role of inflammation in pancreatic cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:129-51. [PMID: 24818722 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with an extremely poor prognosis. Inflammatory processes have emerged as key mediators of pancreatic cancer development and progression. In genetically engineered mouse models, induction of pancreatitis accelerates PDAC development, and patients with chronic pancreatitis are known to have a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer. In recent years, much effort has been given to identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Many inflammatory pathways have been identified and inhibitors have been developed in order to prevent cancer development and progression. In this chapter, we discuss the role of inflammatory pathways in the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer as well as the role of inhibitors used in treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Role of STAT3 in cancer metastasis and translational advances. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:421821. [PMID: 24199193 PMCID: PMC3807846 DOI: 10.1155/2013/421821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor, originally discovered as a transducer of signal from cell surface receptors to the nucleus. It is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation at position 705 leading to its dimerization, nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and activation of gene transcription. Under normal physiological conditions, STAT3 activation is tightly regulated. However, compelling evidence suggests that STAT3 is constitutively activated in many cancers and plays a pivotal role in tumor growth and metastasis. It regulates cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis that are critical for cancer metastasis. In this paper, we first describe the mechanism of STAT3 regulation followed by how STAT3 is involved in cancer metastasis, then we summarize the various small molecule inhibitors that inhibit STAT3 signaling.
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Geraghty P, Wyman AE, Garcia-Arcos I, Dabo AJ, Gadhvi S, Foronjy R. STAT3 modulates cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and protease expression. Front Physiol 2013; 4:267. [PMID: 24101903 PMCID: PMC3787396 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) regulates inflammation, apoptosis, and protease expression, which are critical processes associated with airway injury and lung tissue destruction. However, the precise role of STAT3 in the development of airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been established. This study shows that cigarette smoke activates STAT3 in the lungs of mice. Since cigarette smoke activated STAT3 in the lung, we then evaluated how the loss of STAT3 would impact on smoke-mediated lung inflammation, protease expression, and apoptosis. STAT3+/+ and STAT3−/− mice were exposed to 8 days of cigarette smoke. Compared to the STAT3+/+ mice bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellularity was significantly elevated in the STAT3−/− mice both before and after cigarette smoke exposure, with the increase in cells primarily macrophages. In addition, smoke exposure induced significantly higher BALF protein levels of Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and higher tissue expression of keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in the STAT3−/− mice. Lung mRNA expression of MMP-12 was increased in STAT3−/− at baseline. However, the smoke-induced increase in MMP-10 expression seen in the STAT3+/+ mice was not observed in the STAT3−/− mice. Moreover, lung protein levels of the anti-inflammatory proteins SOCS3 and IL-10 were markedly lower in the STAT3−/− mice compared to the STAT3+/+ mice. Lastly, apoptosis, as determined by caspase 3/7 activity assay, was increased in the STAT3−/− at baseline to levels comparable to those observed in the smoke-exposed STAT3+/+ mice. Together, these results indicate that the smoke-mediated induction of lung STAT3 activity may play a critical role in maintaining normal lung homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Health Sciences Center, New York NY, USA
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Zhao G, Zhang JG, Shi Y, Qin Q, Liu Y, Wang B, Tian K, Deng SC, Li X, Zhu S, Gong Q, Niu Y, Wang CY. MiR-130b is a prognostic marker and inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in pancreatic cancer through targeting STAT3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73803. [PMID: 24040078 PMCID: PMC3769379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in human cancer and contribute to the tumorigenesis, but their roles in pancreatic cancer are still largely unknown. In this study, our data showed that miR-130b was significantly downregulated in 52 pairs of pancreatic cancer tissues and five cell lines. Furthermore, the deregulated miR-130b was correlated with worse prognosis, increased tumor size, late TNM stage, lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that miR-130b expression was a significant and independent prognostic predictor for pancreatic cancer patients. Functional studies indicated that the overexpression of miR-130b dramatically suppressed the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, which could be attributed to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Meanwhile, an overexpressed miR-130b remarkably inhibited the invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, the dual luciferase assay revealed that STAT3 was directly targeted by miR-130b, which was further confirmed by the inverse expression of miR-130b and STAT3 in pancreatic cancer samples. Our findings suggested that miR-130b might have a considerable potential in prognosis identification and application of therapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (CYW)
| | - Jun-gang Zhang
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Qin
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Tian
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-chang Deng
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Gong
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Niu
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-you Wang
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (CYW)
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Huang C, Li H, Wu W, Jiang T, Qiu Z. Regulation of miR-155 affects pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness and migration by modulating the STAT3 signaling pathway through SOCS1. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1223-30. [PMID: 23817566 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of miR-155 on pancreatic cancer cell invasion and migration in vitro, underlying gene expression, expression of miR-155 and its target genes in pancreatic cancer tissues, and their association with metastasis and clinical stage. miR-155 mimics and an inhibitor were transfected into Panc-1 and Capan-2 cells in order to regulate the expression of miR-155. qPCR and western immunoblotting were performed in order to detect gene expression. Transwell assays were performed to characterize the invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression of protein and microRNA in pancreatic cancer tissue. miR-155 mimics and an inhibitor upregulated and downregulated, respectively, the expression of miR-155 in pancreatic cancer cells. The invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells increased or decreased along with miR-155 expression in vitro. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein expression was upregulated when miR-155 was inhibited and downregulated when miR-155 was increased. However, the expression of P-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) was synchronized with that of miR-155. Transcription of SOCS1 and STAT3 was unchanged by miR-155 regulation. miR-155 expression was high in pancreatic cancer tissues and SOCS1 expression was high in tumor-adjacent tissues. There was no relationship between these genes in cancer and tumor-adjacent tissues. In addition, miR-155 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. In conclusion, miR-155 plays an important role in the regulation of pancreatic cancer cell invasion and migration by modulating the STAT3 signaling pathway and reducing SOCS1 expression in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Dorritie KA, McCubrey JA, Johnson DE. STAT transcription factors in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis: opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Leukemia 2013; 28:248-57. [PMID: 23797472 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins comprise a family of transcription factors that are activated by cytokines, hormones and growth factors. The activation of STAT proteins plays a key role in the production of mature hematopoietic cells via effects on cellular proliferation, survival and lineage-specific differentiation. Emerging evidence also demonstrates frequent, constitutive activation of STATs in primary leukemia specimens. Moreover, roles for STATs in promoting leukemia development have been delineated in numerous preclinical studies. This review summarizes our current understanding of STAT protein involvement in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, as well as recent advances in the development and testing of novel STAT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Dorritie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - D E Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Su K, Huang L, Li W, Yan X, Li X, Zhang Z, Jin F, Lei J, Ba G, Liu B, Wang X, Wang Y. TC-1 (c8orf4) enhances aggressive biologic behavior in lung cancer through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Surg Res 2013; 185:255-63. [PMID: 23880650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid cancer-1 (TC-1) or c8orf4 gene encodes a 106-residue naturally disordered protein that has been found to be associated with thyroid, gastric, and breast cancer. A recent study has indicated that the protein functions as a positive regulator in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human breast cancer. However, no research has been done in the area of lung cancer. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to confirm the relationship among TC-1, lung cancer, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of TC-1 was immunohistochemically examined in 147 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. TC-1-overexpressed and silenced A549 cells were infected using lentivirus and MTT cell proliferation analysis, and Matrigel invasion assays and scratch-wound assays were performed to confirm the biologic behavioral changes in different A549 cell subsets. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, key gene β-catenin, target genes of vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase-7, c-myc, and survivin were tested at the mRNA and protein level. RESULTS TC-1 was detected in 97 of the 147 non-small-cell lung cancer primary tumor specimens, and its expression correlated with the TNM stage and regional lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). In vitro experiments demonstrated that TC-1 expression affected both proliferation and invasion in the A549 cell line. Furthermore, expression of TC-1 protein affected the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway's downstream genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-7, at the mRNA and protein level. CONCLUSIONS TC-1 expression is associated with aggressive biologic behavior in lung cancer and might coordinate with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a positive upstream regulator that induces these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is critical for developed countries, where its rate of diagnosis has been increasing steadily annually. In the past decade, the advances of pancreatic cancer research have not contributed to the decline in mortality rates from pancreatic cancer-the overall 5-year survival rate remains about 5% low. This number only underscores an obvious urgency for us to better understand the biological features of pancreatic carcinogenesis, to develop early detection methods, and to improve novel therapeutic treatments. To achieve these goals, animal modeling that faithfully recapitulates the whole process of human pancreatic cancer is central to making the advancements. In this review, we summarize the currently available animal models for pancreatic cancer and the advances in pancreatic cancer animal modeling. We compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of three major categories of these models: (1) carcinogen-induced; (2) xenograft and allograft; and (3) genetically engineered mouse models. We focus more on the genetically engineered mouse models, a category which has been rapidly expanded recently for their capacities to mimic human pancreatic cancer and metastasis, and highlight the combinations of these models with various newly developed strategies and cell-lineage labeling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Ave, ICRC 10-04, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gloria H. Su
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Ave, ICRC 10-04, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Denley SM, Jamieson NB, McCall P, Oien KA, Morton JP, Carter CR, Edwards J, McKay CJ. Activation of the IL-6R/Jak/stat pathway is associated with a poor outcome in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2013; 17:887-98. [PMID: 23435739 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic localized pancreatic inflammation in the form of chronic pancreatitis is an established risk factor for human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development. Constitutive activation of inflammation-related signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 signaling has been implicated in the development and progression a number of malignancies, including PDAC. Although, the Janus Kinase (Jak)/Stat pathway is a potential drug target, clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic features of Stat3-activated PDAC remain uncertain. Our aim was to determine the clinicopathological impact of this inflammatory pathway in resectable PDAC. METHODS Using a tissue microarray-based cohort of PDAC from 86 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy with curative intent and complete clinicopathological data available, we evaluated expression of the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)/Jak/Stat pathway by immunohistochemistry. IL-6R, Jak, phospho (p)-Jak, Stat3, pStat3(Tyr705), and pStat3(Ser727) were assessed in PDAC and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. A Cox regression multivariate analysis model was used to determine factors influencing survival. Activation of the IL-6R/Jak/Stat3 pathway was compared with the systemic inflammatory response as measured by serum C-reactive protein levels. RESULTS High pJak was associated with reduced overall survival in multivariate analysis when compared with those with moderate or low expression (p = 0.036; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.68) as was pStat3(Tyr705) (p < 0.001; HR = 2.66) independent of lymph node status and tumor grade. Patients with a combination of pJakhigh/pStat3(Tyr705) high expression had an especially poor prognosis (median survival of 8.8 months; 95 % CI, 4.4-13.2). While the IL-6R/Jak/Stat pathway did not correlate with serum C-reactive protein levels, high pStat3 expression was associated with a reduction in the density of the local tumoral immune response. CONCLUSION Activation of the Jak/Stat3 pathway via phosphorylation was associated with adverse outcome following resection of PDAC with curative intent supporting potential roles for pJak and pStat3 as prognostic biomarkers markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Denley
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
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Wörmann SM, Algül H. Risk Factors and Therapeutic Targets in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:282. [PMID: 24303367 PMCID: PMC3831165 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Maria Wörmann
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hana Algül, II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany e-mail:
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Kadekar S, Silins I, Korhonen A, Dreij K, Al-Anati L, Högberg J, Stenius U. Exocrine pancreatic carcinogenesis and autotaxin expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43209. [PMID: 22952646 PMCID: PMC3430650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exocrine pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with an exceptionally high mortality rate. Genetic analysis suggests a causative role for environmental factors, but consistent epidemiological support is scarce and no biomarkers for monitoring the effects of chemical pancreatic carcinogens are available. With the objective to identify common traits for chemicals inducing pancreatic tumors we studied the National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay database. We found that male rats were affected more often than female rats and identified eight chemicals that induced exocrine pancreatic tumors in males only. For a hypothesis generating process we used a text mining tool to analyse published literature for suggested mode of actions (MOA). The resulting MOA analysis suggested inflammatory responses as common feature. In cell studies we found that all the chemicals increased protein levels of the inflammatory protein autotaxin (ATX) in Panc-1, MIA PaCa-2 or Capan-2 cells. Induction of MMP-9 and increased invasive migration were also frequent effects, consistent with ATX activation. Testosterone has previously been implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis and we found that it increased ATX levels. Our data show that ATX is a target for chemicals inducing pancreatic tumors in rats. Several lines of evidence implicate ATX and its product lysophosphatidic acid in human pancreatic cancer. Mechanisms of action may include stimulated invasive growth and metastasis. ATX may interact with hormones or onco- or suppressor-genes often deregulated in exocrine pancreatic cancer. Our data suggest that ATX is a target for chemicals promoting pancreatic tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kadekar
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilona Silins
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Korhonen
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauy Al-Anati
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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