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Shayor AA, Kabir ME, Rifath MSA, Rashid AB, Oh KW. A Synergistic Overview between Microfluidics and Numerical Research for Vascular Flow and Pathological Investigations. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5872. [PMID: 39338617 PMCID: PMC11435959 DOI: 10.3390/s24185872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Vascular diseases are widespread, and sometimes such life-threatening medical disorders cause abnormal blood flow, blood particle damage, changes to flow dynamics, restricted blood flow, and other adverse effects. The study of vascular flow is crucial in clinical practice because it can shed light on the causes of stenosis, aneurysm, blood cancer, and many other such diseases, and guide the development of novel treatments and interventions. Microfluidics and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) are two of the most promising new tools for investigating these phenomena. When compared to conventional experimental methods, microfluidics offers many benefits, including lower costs, smaller sample quantities, and increased control over fluid flow and parameters. In this paper, we address the strengths and weaknesses of computational and experimental approaches utilizing microfluidic devices to investigate the rheological properties of blood, the forces of action causing diseases related to cardiology, provide an overview of the models and methodologies of experiments, and the fabrication of devices utilized in these types of research, and portray the results achieved and their applications. We also discuss how these results can inform clinical practice and where future research should go. Overall, it provides insights into why a combination of both CFDs, and experimental methods can give even more detailed information on disease mechanisms recreated on a microfluidic platform, replicating the original biological system and aiding in developing the device or chip itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abrar Shayor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emamul Kabir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Md Sartaj Ahamed Rifath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Adib Bin Rashid
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang W Oh
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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2
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Oshinowo O, Azer SS, Lin J, Lam WA. Why platelet mechanotransduction matters for hemostasis and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2339-2353. [PMID: 37331517 PMCID: PMC10529432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is the ability of cells to "feel" or sense their mechanical microenvironment and integrate and convert these physical stimuli into adaptive biochemical cellular responses. This phenomenon is vital for the physiology of numerous nucleated cell types to affect their various cellular processes. As the main drivers of hemostasis and clot retraction, platelets also possess this ability to sense the dynamic mechanical microenvironments of circulation and convert those signals into biological responses integral to clot formation. Like other cell types, platelets leverage their "hands" or receptors/integrins to mechanotransduce important signals in responding to vascular injury to achieve hemostasis. The clinical relevance of cellular mechanics and mechanotransduction is imperative as pathologic alterations or aberrant mechanotransduction in platelets has been shown to lead to bleeding and thrombosis. As such, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the most recent research related to platelet mechanotransduction, from platelet generation to platelet activation, within the hemodynamic environment and clot contraction at the site of vascular injury, thereby covering the entire "life cycle" of platelets. Additionally, we describe the key mechanoreceptors in platelets and discuss the new biophysical techniques that have enabled the field to understand how platelets sense and respond to their mechanical microenvironment via those receptors. Finally, the clinical significance and importance of continued exploration of platelet mechanotransduction have been discussed as the key to better understanding of both thrombotic and bleeding disorders lies in a more complete mechanistic understanding of platelet function by way of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwamayokun Oshinowo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Inc, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sally S Azer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Inc, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Inc, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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3
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Bowers DT, McCulloch ME, Brown JL. Evaluation of focal adhesion mediated subcellular curvature sensing in response to engineered extracellular matrix. Biointerphases 2023; 18:021004. [PMID: 37019799 PMCID: PMC10079328 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibril curvature is bioinstructive to attached cells. Similar to natural healthy tissues, an engineered extracellular matrix can be designed to stimulate cells to adopt desired phenotypes. To take full advantage of the curvature control in biomaterial fabrication methodologies, an understanding of the response to fibril subcellular curvature is required. In this work, we examined morphology, signaling, and function of human cells attached to electrospun nanofibers. We controlled curvature across an order of magnitude using nondegradable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) attached to a stiff substrate with flat PMMA as a control. Focal adhesion length and the distance of maximum intensity from the geographic center of the vinculin positive focal adhesion both peaked at a fiber curvature of 2.5 μm-1 (both ∼2× the flat surface control). Vinculin experienced slightly less tension when attached to nanofiber substrates. Vinculin expression was also more affected by a subcellular curvature than structural proteins α-tubulin or α-actinin. Among the phosphorylation sites we examined (FAK397, 576/577, 925, and Src416), FAK925 exhibited the most dependance on the nanofiber curvature. A RhoA/ROCK dependance of migration velocity across curvatures combined with an observation of cell membrane wrapping around nanofibers suggested a hybrid of migration modes for cells attached to fibers as has been observed in 3D matrices. Careful selection of nanofiber curvature for regenerative engineering scaffolds and substrates used to study cell biology is required to maximize the potential of these techniques for scientific exploration and ultimately improvement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Bowers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Mary Elizabeth McCulloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Justin L. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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4
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Apte G, Hirtz M, Nguyen TH. FluidFM-Based Fabrication of Nanopatterns: Promising Surfaces for Platelet Storage Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24133-24143. [PMID: 35594573 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are cell fragments from megakaryocytes devoid of the cell nucleus. They are highly sensitive and easily activated by nonphysiological surfaces. Activated platelets have an intrinsic mechanism to release various proteins that participate in multiple pathways, initiating the platelet activation cascade. Surface-induced platelet activation is a challenge encountered during platelet storage, which eventually leads to aggregation of platelets and can thereby result in the degradation of the platelet concentrates. We have previously reported that surface-induced platelet activation can be minimized by either modifying their contact surfaces with polymers or introducing nanogroove patterns underneath the platelets. Here, we investigated the response of platelets to various nanotopographical surfaces printed using fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM). We found that the hemispherical array (grid) and hexagonal tile (hive) structures caused a reduction of surface stiffness, which leads to an inhibition of platelet adhesion. Our results reveal that nanopatterns enable the inhibition of platelet activation on surfaces, thus implying that development in nanotexturing of storage bags can extend the lifetime of platelet concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurunath Apte
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thi-Huong Nguyen
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98694 Ilmenau, Germany
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5
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Palankar R, Sachs L, Wesche J, Greinacher A. Cytoskeleton Dependent Mobility Dynamics of FcγRIIA Facilitates Platelet Haptotaxis and Capture of Opsonized Bacteria. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101615. [PMID: 35626650 PMCID: PMC9139458 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and spreading at the sites of vascular injury is vital to hemostasis. As an integral part of the innate immune system, platelets interact with opsonized bacterial pathogens through FcγRIIA and contribute to host defense. As mechanoscavangers, platelets actively migrate and capture bacteria via cytoskeleton-rich, dynamic structures, such as filopodia and lamellipodia. However, the role of human platelet FcγRIIA in cytoskeleton-dependent interaction with opsonized bacteria is not well understood. To decipher this, we used a reductionist approach with well-defined micropatterns functionalized with immunoglobulins mimicking immune complexes at planar interfaces and bacteriamimetic microbeads. By specifically blocking of FcγRIIA and selective disruption of the platelet cytoskeleton, we show that both functional FcγRIIA and cytoskeleton are necessary for human platelet adhesion and haptotaxis. The direct link between FcγRIIA and the cytoskeleton is further explored by single-particle tracking. We then demonstrate the relevance of cytoskeleton-dependent differential mobilities of FcγRIIA on bacteria opsonized with the chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) and patient-derived anti-PF4/polyanion IgG. Our data suggest that efficient capture of opsonized bacteria during host-defense is governed by mobility dynamics of FcγRIIA on filopodia and lamellipodia, and the cytoskeleton plays an essential role in platelet morphodynamics at biological interfaces that display immune complexes.
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6
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Xu Y, Yu G, Nie R, Wu Z. Microfluidic systems toward blood hemostasis monitoring and thrombosis diagnosis: From design principles to micro/nano fabrication technologies. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Soft Intelligence Lab State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Guang Yu
- Experimental Medicine Center Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ruqiong Nie
- Department of Cardiology Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Soft Intelligence Lab State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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7
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Apte G, Börke J, Rothe H, Liefeith K, Nguyen TH. Modulation of Platelet-Surface Activation: Current State and Future Perspectives. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5574-5589. [PMID: 35021790 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of platelet-surface activation is important for many biomedical applications such as in vivo performance, platelet storage, and acceptance of an implant. Reducing platelet-surface activation is challenging because they become activated immediately after short contact with nonphysiological surfaces. To date, controversies and open questions in the field of platelet-surface activation still remain. Here, we review state-of-the-art approaches in inhibiting platelet-surface activation, mainly focusing on modification, patterning, and methodologies for characterization of the surfaces. As a future perspective, we discuss how the combination of biochemical and physiochemical strategies together with the topographical modulations would assist in the search for an ideal nonthrombogenic surface.
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8
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Sadoul K, Lafanechère L, Grichine A. Live imaging of single platelets at work. Platelets 2020; 31:551-558. [PMID: 31880193 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1708886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although live imaging of dynamic processes in platelets is a challenging task, several important observations have been published during the last 20 years. We will discuss the amazing insights that have been achieved, the difficulties that can be encountered as well as some questions still open and the future technical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sadoul
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France
| | - Alexei Grichine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France
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9
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Oshinowo O, Lambert T, Sakurai Y, Copeland R, Hansen CE, Lam WA, Myers DR. Getting a good view: in vitro imaging of platelets under flow. Platelets 2020; 31:570-579. [PMID: 32106734 PMCID: PMC7332395 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1732320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As the anucleate cells responsible for hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are exposed to a myriad of biophysical and biochemical stimuli within vasculature and heterogeneous blood clots. Highly controlled, reductionist in vitro imaging studies have been instrumental in providing a detailed and quantitative understanding of platelet biology and behavior, and have helped elucidate some surprising functions of platelets. In this review, we highlight the tools and approaches that enable visualization of platelets in conjunction with precise control over the local biofluidic and biochemical microenvironment. We also discuss next generation tools that add further control over microenvironment cell stiffness or enable visualization of the interactions between platelets and endothelial cells. Throughout the review, we include pragmatic knowledge on imaging systems, experimental conditions, and approaches that have proved to be useful to our in vitro imaging studies of platelets under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwamayokun Oshinowo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tamara Lambert
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Renee Copeland
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Caroline E. Hansen
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David R. Myers
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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10
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Mayr S, Hauser F, Puthukodan S, Axmann M, Göhring J, Jacak J. Statistical analysis of 3D localisation microscopy images for quantification of membrane protein distributions in a platelet clot model. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007902. [PMID: 32603371 PMCID: PMC7384682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the software platform 2CALM that allows for a comparative analysis of 3D localisation microscopy data representing protein distributions in two biological samples. The in-depth statistical analysis reveals differences between samples at the nanoscopic level using parameters such as cluster-density and -curvature. An automatic classification system combines multiplex and multi-level statistical approaches into one comprehensive parameter for similarity testing of the compared samples. We demonstrated the biological importance of 2CALM, comparing the protein distributions of CD41 and CD62p on activated platelets in a 3D artificial clot. Additionally, using 2CALM, we quantified the impact of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β on platelet activation in clots. The platform is applicable to any other cell type and biological system and can provide new insights into biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mayr
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Fabian Hauser
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Markus Axmann
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Janett Göhring
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
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11
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Qiu Y, Myers DR, Lam WA. The biophysics and mechanics of blood from a materials perspective. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2019; 4:294-311. [PMID: 32435512 PMCID: PMC7238390 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cells actively interact with their microenvironment, constantly sensing and modulating biochemical and biophysical signals. Blood comprises a variety of non-adherent cells that interact with each other and with endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of the blood vessel walls. Blood cells are further experiencing a range of external forces by the hemodynamic environment and they also exert forces to remodel their local environment. Therefore, the biophysics and material properties of blood cells and blood play an important role in determining blood behaviour in health and disease. In this Review, we discuss blood cells and tissues from a materials perspective, considering the mechanical properties and biophysics of individual blood cells and endothelial cells as well as blood cell collectives. We highlight how blood vessels provide a mechanosensitive barrier between blood and tissues and how changes in vessel stiffness and flow shear stress can be correlated to plaque formation and exploited for the design of vascular grafts. We discuss the effect of the properties of fibrin on blood clotting, and investigate how forces exerted by platelets are correlated to disease. Finally, we hypothesize that blood and vascular cells are constantly establishing a mechanical homeostasis, which, when imbalanced, can lead to hematologic and vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Qiu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David R. Myers
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Corresponding author,
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12
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Zarka R, Horev MB, Volberg T, Neubauer S, Kessler H, Spatz JP, Geiger B. Differential Modulation of Platelet Adhesion and Spreading by Adhesive Ligand Density. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1418-1427. [PMID: 30649888 PMCID: PMC6437653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play a major role in hemostasis and thrombosis, by binding to the underlying extracellular matrix around injured blood vessels, via integrin receptors. In this study, we investigated the effects of adhesive ligand spacing on the stability of platelets' adhesion and the mode of their spreading on extracellular surfaces. Toward this end, we have examined the differential adhesion and spreading of human platelets onto nanogold-patterned surfaces, functionalized with the αIIbβ3 integrin ligand, SN528. Combining light- and scanning electron-microscopy, we found that interaction of platelets with surfaces coated with SN528 at spacing of 30-60 nm induces the extension of filopodia through which the platelets stably attach to the nanopatterned surface and spread on it. Increasing the nanopattern-gold spacing to 80-100 nm resulted in a dramatic reduction (>95%) in the number of adhering platelets. Surprisingly, a further increase in ligand spacing to 120 nm resulted in platelet binding to the surface at substantially larger numbers, yet these platelets remained discoid and were essentially devoid of filopodia and lamellipodia. These results indicate that the stimulation of filopodia extension by adhering platelets, and the consequent spreading on these surfaces depend on different ligand densities. Thus, the extension of filopodia occurs on surfaces with a ligand spacing of 100 nm or less, while the sustainability and growth of these initial adhesions and induction of extensive platelet adhesion and spreading requires lower ligand-to-ligand spacing (≤60 nm). The mechanisms underlying this differential ligand-density sensing by platelets, as well as the unexpected retention of discoid platelets on surfaces with even larger spacing (120 nm) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Zarka
- Department
of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Melanie B. Horev
- Department
of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tova Volberg
- Department
of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute
for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science,
Department of Chemistry, Technical University
of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute
for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science,
Department of Chemistry, Technical University
of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department
of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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13
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Williams EK, Oshinowo O, Ravindran A, Lam WA, Myers DR. Feeling the Force: Measurements of Platelet Contraction and Their Diagnostic Implications. Semin Thromb Hemost 2018; 45:285-296. [PMID: 30566972 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the classical biological and biochemical framework, blood clots can also be considered as active biomaterials composed of dynamically contracting platelets, nascent polymeric fibrin that functions as a matrix scaffold, and entrapped blood cells. As platelets sense, rearrange, and apply forces to the surrounding microenvironment, they dramatically change the material properties of the nascent clot, increasing its stiffness by an order of magnitude. Hence, the mechanical properties of blood clots are intricately tied to the forces applied by individual platelets. Research has also shown that the pathophysiological changes in clot mechanical properties are associated with bleeding and clotting disorders, cancer, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and more. By approaching the study of hemostasis and thrombosis from a biophysical and mechanical perspective, important insights have been made into how the mechanics of clotting and the forces applied by platelets are linked to various diseases. This review will familiarize the reader with a mechanics framework that is contextualized with relevant biology. The review also includes a discussion of relevant tools used to study platelet forces either directly or indirectly, and finally, concludes with a summary of potential links between clotting forces and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kendall Williams
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Oluwamayokun Oshinowo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Abhijit Ravindran
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David R Myers
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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14
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Krauel K, Medvedev N, Palankar R, Greinacher A, Delcea M. Micropatterned array to assess the interaction of single platelets with platelet factor 4-heparin-IgG complexes. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:862-72. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-09-0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryWe report a strategy to generate by electron beam lithography high fidelity micropatterned arrays to assess the interaction of single platelets with immobilised ligands. As a proof-of-principle we functionalised the microarrays with platelet factor 4 (PF4)-heparin-IgG complexes. We embedded biotinylated water-soluble quantum dots into polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated micropatterned arrays and functionalised them via streptavidin to bind biotinylated ligands, here biotinylated-PF4/heparin complexes. The integrity of the PF4/heparin-complexes was shown by binding of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies. Ligand density was quantified by immunofluorescence and immunogold antibody labelling. Real-time calcium imaging was employed for read-out of single platelets activated on micropatterned surfaces functionalised with PF4/heparin-IgG complexes. With the smallest micropatterns (0.5x0.5 µm) we show that single platelets become strongly activated by binding to surface-immobilised PF4/heparin-IgG, while on larger micropatterns (10x10 µm), platelet aggregates formed. These findings that HIT antibodies can cause platelet activation on microarrays illustrate how this novel method opens new avenues to study platelet function at single cell level. Generating functionalized microarray surfaces to which highly complex ligands can be bound and quantified has the potential for platelet and other cell function assays integrated into high-throughput microfluidic microdevices.
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15
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Liu AP, Chaudhuri O, Parekh SH. New advances in probing cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:383-405. [PMID: 28352896 PMCID: PMC5708530 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical support to cells within tissues. An emerging body of evidence has established that the ECM plays a key role in cell mechanotransduction - the study of coupling between mechanical inputs and cellular phenotype - through either mediating transmission of forces to the cells, or presenting mechanical cues that guide cellular behaviors. Recent progress in cell mechanotransduction research has been facilitated by advances of experimental tools, particularly microtechnologies, engineered biomaterials, and imaging and analytical methods. Microtechnologies have enabled the design and fabrication of controlled physical microenvironments for the study and measurement of cell-ECM interactions. Advances in engineered biomaterials have allowed researchers to develop synthetic ECMs that mimic tissue microenvironments and investigate the impact of altered physicochemical properties on various cellular processes. Finally, advanced imaging and spectroscopy techniques have facilitated the visualization of the complex interaction between cells and ECM in vitro and in living tissues. This review will highlight the application of recent innovations in these areas to probing cell-ECM interactions. We believe cross-disciplinary approaches, combining aspects of the different technologies reviewed here, will inspire innovative ideas to further elucidate the secrets of ECM-mediated cell control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
- Biophysics Program , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy , Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Mainz 55128 , Germany .
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16
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Dollinger C, Ndreu-Halili A, Uka A, Singh S, Sadam H, Neuman T, Rabineau M, Lavalle P, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A, Ghaemmaghami AM, Vrana NE. Controlling Incoming Macrophages to Implants: Responsiveness of Macrophages to Gelatin Micropatterns under M1/M2 Phenotype Defining Biochemical Stimulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arban Uka
- Department of Computer Engineering; Epoka University; 1039 Tirana Albania
| | - Sonali Singh
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | | | | | - Morgane Rabineau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; INSERM; UMR-S 1121 Strasbourg Cedex 67000 France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; INSERM; UMR-S 1121 Strasbourg Cedex 67000 France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Université de Strasbourg; 1 Place de l'Hôpital Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Biomedical Engineering; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02115 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02319 USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02115 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02319 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02155 USA
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21569 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nihal E. Vrana
- Protip Medical; Fundamental Research Unit; 67000 Strasbourg France
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17
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Li Y, Xiao Y, Liu C. The Horizon of Materiobiology: A Perspective on Material-Guided Cell Behaviors and Tissue Engineering. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4376-4421. [PMID: 28221776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the biological functions of cell and tissue can be regulated by biochemical factors (e.g., growth factors, hormones), the biophysical effects of materials on the regulation of biological activity are receiving more attention. In this Review, we systematically summarize the recent progress on how biomaterials with controllable properties (e.g., compositional/degradable dynamics, mechanical properties, 2D topography, and 3D geometry) can regulate cell behaviors (e.g., cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, cell alignment, and the differentiation or self-maintenance of stem cells) and tissue/organ functions. How the biophysical features of materials influence tissue/organ regeneration have been elucidated. Current challenges and a perspective on the development of novel materials that can modulate specific biological functions are discussed. The interdependent relationship between biomaterials and biology leads us to propose the concept of "materiobiology", which is a scientific discipline that studies the biological effects of the properties of biomaterials on biological functions at cell, tissue, organ, and the whole organism levels. This Review highlights that it is more important to develop ECM-mimicking biomaterials having a self-regenerative capacity to stimulate tissue regeneration, instead of attempting to recreate the complexity of living tissues or tissue constructs ex vivo. The principles of materiobiology may benefit the development of novel biomaterials providing combinative bioactive cues to activate the migration of stem cells from endogenous reservoirs (i.e., cell niches), stimulate robust and scalable self-healing mechanisms, and unlock the body's innate powers of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ngo ATP, Thierheimer MLD, Babur Ö, Rocheleau AD, Huang T, Pang J, Rigg RA, Mitrugno A, Theodorescu D, Burchard J, Nan X, Demir E, McCarty OJT, Aslan JE. Assessment of roles for the Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor Ly-GDI in platelet function: a spatial systems approach. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C527-C536. [PMID: 28148498 PMCID: PMC5407014 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00274.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
On activation at sites of vascular injury, platelets undergo morphological alterations essential to hemostasis via cytoskeletal reorganizations driven by the Rho GTPases Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA. Here we investigate roles for Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor proteins (RhoGDIs) in platelet function. We find that platelets express two RhoGDI family members, RhoGDI and Ly-GDI. Whereas RhoGDI localizes throughout platelets in a granule-like manner, Ly-GDI shows an asymmetric, polarized localization that largely overlaps with Rac1 and Cdc42 as well as microtubules and protein kinase C (PKC) in platelets adherent to fibrinogen. Antibody interference and platelet spreading experiments suggest a specific role for Ly-GDI in platelet function. Intracellular signaling studies based on interactome and pathways analyses also support a regulatory role for Ly-GDI, which is phosphorylated at PKC substrate motifs in a PKC-dependent manner in response to the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI-specific agonist collagen-related peptide. Additionally, PKC inhibition diffuses the polarized organization of Ly-GDI in spread platelets relative to its colocalization with Rac1 and Cdc42. Together, our results suggest a role for Ly-GDI in the localized regulation of Rho GTPases in platelets and hypothesize a link between the PKC and Rho GTPase signaling systems in platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T P Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Marisa L D Thierheimer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and
| | - Özgün Babur
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anne D Rocheleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jiaqing Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rachel A Rigg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Annachiara Mitrugno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Surgery, Department of Pharmacology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julja Burchard
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Emek Demir
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;
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19
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Myers DR, Qiu Y, Fay ME, Tennenbaum M, Chester D, Cuadrado J, Sakurai Y, Baek J, Tran R, Ciciliano J, Ahn B, Mannino R, Bunting S, Bennett C, Briones M, Fernandez-Nieves A, Smith ML, Brown AC, Sulchek T, Lam WA. Single-platelet nanomechanics measured by high-throughput cytometry. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:230-235. [PMID: 27723740 PMCID: PMC5266633 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Haemostasis occurs at sites of vascular injury, where flowing blood forms a clot, a dynamic and heterogeneous fibrin-based biomaterial. Paramount in the clot's capability to stem haemorrhage are its changing mechanical properties, the major drivers of which are the contractile forces exerted by platelets against the fibrin scaffold. However, how platelets transduce microenvironmental cues to mediate contraction and alter clot mechanics is unknown. This is clinically relevant, as overly softened and stiffened clots are associated with bleeding and thrombotic disorders. Here, we report a high-throughput hydrogel-based platelet-contraction cytometer that quantifies single-platelet contraction forces in different clot microenvironments. We also show that platelets, via the Rho/ROCK pathway, synergistically couple mechanical and biochemical inputs to mediate contraction. Moreover, highly contractile platelet subpopulations present in healthy controls are conspicuously absent in a subset of patients with undiagnosed bleeding disorders, and therefore may function as a clinical diagnostic biophysical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Meredith E. Fay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | | | - Daniel Chester
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Comparative Medicine Institute at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Jonas Cuadrado
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Jong Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Reginald Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Jordan Ciciliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Byungwook Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Robert Mannino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Silvia Bunting
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Carolyn Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Michael Briones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Alberto Fernandez-Nieves
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
| | - Michael L. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Ashley C. Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Comparative Medicine Institute at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Todd Sulchek
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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20
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Adamson K, Spain E, Prendergast U, Moran N, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. Peptide-Mediated Platelet Capture at Gold Micropore Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32189-32201. [PMID: 27933817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ordered spherical cap gold cavity arrays with 5.4, 1.6, and 0.98 μm diameter apertures were explored as capture surfaces for human blood platelets to investigate the impact of surface geometry and chemical modification on platelet capture efficiency and their potential as platforms for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of single platelets. The substrates were chemically modified with single-constituent self-assembled monolayers (SAM) or mixed SAMs comprised of thiol-functionalized arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD, a platelet integrin target) with or without 1-octanethiol (adhesion inhibitor). As expected, platelet adhesion was promoted and inhibited at RGD and alkanethiol modified surfaces, respectively. Platelet adhesion was reversible, and binding efficiency at the peptide modified substrates correlated inversely with pore diameter. Captured platelets underwent morphological change on capture, the extent of which depended on the topology of the underlying substrate. Regioselective capture of the platelets enabled study for the first time of the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of single blood platelets, yielding high quality Raman spectroscopy of individual platelets at 1.6 μm diameter pore arrays. Given the medical importance of blood platelets across a range of diseases from cancer to psychiatric illness, such approaches to platelet capture may provide a useful route to Raman spectroscopy for platelet related diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Adamson
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine Spain
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Una Prendergast
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moran
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert J Forster
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
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21
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Sandmann R, Köster S. Topographic Cues Reveal Two Distinct Spreading Mechanisms in Blood Platelets. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22357. [PMID: 26934830 PMCID: PMC4776100 DOI: 10.1038/srep22357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets are instrumental in blood clotting and are thus heavily involved in early wound closure. After adhering to a substrate they spread by forming protrusions like lamellipodia and filopodia. However, the interaction of these protrusions with the physical environment of platelets while spreading is not fully understood. Here we dynamically image platelets during this spreading process and compare their behavior on smooth and on structured substrates. In particular we analyze the temporal evolution of the spread area, the cell morphology and the dynamics of individual filopodia. Interestingly, the topographic cues enable us to distinguish two spreading mechanisms, one that is based on numerous persistent filopodia and one that rather involves lamellipodia. Filopodia-driven spreading coincides with a strong response of platelet morphology to the substrate topography during spreading, whereas lamellipodia-driven spreading does not. Thus, we quantify different degrees of filopodia formation in platelets and the influence of filopodia in spreading on structured substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Sandmann
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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22
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Sakurai et al examine the response of single platelets to fibrinogen- and collagen-coated microdots and show that platelets can orient their release of α-granule cargo to promote spreading beyond the dot's boundary.
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23
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Tan X, Heureaux J, Liu AP. Cell spreading area regulates clathrin-coated pit dynamics on micropatterned substrate. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1033-43. [PMID: 26205141 PMCID: PMC4558397 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the most characterized pathway for the endocytic entry of proteins and lipids at the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Numerous studies have probed the roles of different endocytic accessory proteins in regulating the dynamics of clathrin-coated pit (CCP) assembly. However, it is not completely clear how physical cues regulate CCP dynamics. Here we employ microcontact printing to control cell shape and examine CCP dynamics as a function of cell spreading area for three differently sized cells. Cells with a large spreading area had more short-lived CCPs but a higher CCP initiation rate. Interestingly, we found that fluorescence intensity of CCPs decreased with increasing cell spreading area in a manner that was dependent on the cortical actin network. Our results point to another facet of the regulation of CCP dynamics, suggesting that CME may be modulated while cells change their mechanical state and remodel their actin cytoskeleton during various processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan MI 48105, USA.
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24
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Platelet geometry sensing spatially regulates α-granule secretion to enable matrix self-deposition. Blood 2015; 126:531-8. [PMID: 25964667 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-607614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the biology of platelet adhesion on subendothelial matrix after vascular injury is well characterized, how the matrix biophysical properties affect platelet physiology is unknown. Here we demonstrate that geometric orientation of the matrix itself regulates platelet α-granule secretion, a key component of platelet activation. Using protein microcontact printing, we show that platelets spread beyond the geometric constraints of fibrinogen or collagen micropatterns with <5-µm features. Interestingly, α-granule exocytosis and deposition of the α-granule contents such as fibrinogen and fibronectin were primarily observed in those areas of platelet extension beyond the matrix protein micropatterns. This enables platelets to "self-deposit" additional matrix, provide more cellular membrane to extend spreading, and reinforce platelet-platelet connections. Mechanistically, this phenomenon is mediated by actin polymerization, Rac1 activation, and αIIbβ3 integrin redistribution and activation, and is attenuated in gray platelet syndrome platelets, which lack α-granules, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome platelets, which have cytoskeletal defects. Overall, these studies demonstrate how platelets transduce geometric cues of the underlying matrix geometry into intracellular signals to extend spreading, which endows platelets spatial flexibility when spreading onto small sites of exposed subendothelium.
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Resolving the multifaceted mechanisms of the ferric chloride thrombosis model using an interdisciplinary microfluidic approach. Blood 2015; 126:817-24. [PMID: 25931587 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-628594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of the widely used in vivo ferric chloride (FeCl3) thrombosis model remains poorly understood; although endothelial cell denudation is historically cited, a recent study refutes this and implicates a role for erythrocytes. Given the complexity of the in vivo environment, an in vitro reductionist approach is required to systematically isolate and analyze the biochemical, mass transfer, and biological phenomena that govern the system. To this end, we designed an "endothelial-ized" microfluidic device to introduce controlled FeCl3 concentrations to the molecular and cellular components of blood and vasculature. FeCl3 induces aggregation of all plasma proteins and blood cells, independent of endothelial cells, by colloidal chemistry principles: initial aggregation is due to binding of negatively charged blood components to positively charged iron, independent of biological receptor/ligand interactions. Full occlusion of the microchannel proceeds by conventional pathways, and can be attenuated by antithrombotic agents and loss-of-function proteins (as in IL4-R/Iba mice). As elevated FeCl3 concentrations overcome protective effects, the overlap between charge-based aggregation and clotting is a function of mass transfer. Our physiologically relevant in vitro system allows us to discern the multifaceted mechanism of FeCl3-induced thrombosis, thereby reconciling literature findings and cautioning researchers in using the FeCl3 model.
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Roll, adhere, spread and contract: structural mechanics of platelet function. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:129-38. [PMID: 25655000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are involved in life-sustaining processes such as hemostasis, wound healing, atherothrombosis and angiogenesis. Mechanical trauma to blood vessels causes platelet activation resulting in their adherence and clot formation at the damaged site, culminating in clot retraction and tissue repair. Two of the major players underlying this process are the cytoskeleton, i.e., actin and microtubules, and the membrane integrin receptors. Rare congenital bleeding disorders such as Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome are associated with genetic alterations of platelet surface receptors, also affecting the platelet cytoskeletal structure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about platelet structure and adhesion, and delve into the mechanical aspects of platelet function. Platelets lack a nucleus, and can thus provide a minimal model of a biological cell. New biophysical tools may help to scrutinize platelets anew and to extend the existing knowledge on cell biology.
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Chen J, Zhao A, Chen H, Liao Y, Yang P, Sun H, Huang N. The effect of full/partial UV-irradiation of TiO 2 films on altering the behavior of fibrinogen and platelets. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:709-718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sandmann R, Henriques SSG, Rehfeldt F, Köster S. Micro-topography influences blood platelet spreading. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:2365-2371. [PMID: 24623273 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Injuries in blood vessels are accompanied by disrupted endothelial cell layers. Missing or destroyed endothelial cells lead to rough, structured surfaces on the micrometer scale. The first cells to arrive at the site of injury and to cover the wound are platelets, which subsequently drive blood clot formation. Therefore, investigating the interactions of platelets with structured surfaces is essential for the understanding of blood clotting. Here, we study the effects of underlying topography on platelet spreading using microstructured model substrates with varying area fractions of protein coating. We thereby distinguish the effects of (physical) topography and of (biochemical) protein availability. By analyzing the cell area and morphology, we find that the extent of protrusion formation - but not the total spread area - is determined by the area fractions of coating. The extent of filopodia formation is influenced by the availability of binding sites and the reaction of cells to the substrate's topography. The cells react to the structured substrate by avoiding topographic holes at the cell periphery and thus adapting their outer shape. This finding leads us to the conclusion that both chemically blocked and fibrinogen-coated holes represent "energetic obstacles" to the cells. Thus, the shape of the cell is governed by the interplay between spreading to an optimized area and adaption to the substrate topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Sandmann
- University of Göttingen, Institute for X-Ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Ciciliano JC, Tran R, Sakurai Y, Lam WA. The platelet and the biophysical microenvironment: lessons from cellular mechanics. Thromb Res 2014; 133:532-7. [PMID: 24440140 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While the role of platelets in hemostasis is well characterized from a biological perspective, the biophysical interactions between platelets and their mechanical microenvironment are relatively unstudied. The field of cellular mechanics has developed a number of approaches to study the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived mechanical forces on various cells, and has elucidated that integrin-cytoskeleton-mediated force transduction governs many cellular processes. As platelets adhere and spread via molecular machinery that is similar to that which enables other cells to mechanosense and mechanotransduce forces from their biophysical microenvironment, platelets too are likely governed by the same overarching mechanisms. Indeed, recent platelet mechanobiology studies have revealed that key aspects of platelet physiology and activation are regulated by the mechanical and spatial properties of the ECM microenvironment. At the same time, there are also key differences that make platelets unique in the world of cells-- their size, origin as megakaryocyte fragments, and unique αIIbβ3 integrin-- render their mechanosensing activities particularly interesting. The structurally "simple," anucleate nature of platelets coupled with their high actin concentration (20% of total protein) and integrin density [1] seem to make them ideal for mechanical force generation and transmission. Further studies will enhance our understanding of the role of platelet mechanobiology in hemostasis and thrombosis, potentially leading to new categories of diagnostics that investigate the mechanical properties of clots to determine bleeding risk, as well as therapies that target the mechanotransduction signaling pathway to alter the stability of clots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Ciciliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Reginald Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Li M, Hotaling NA, Ku DN, Forest CR. Microfluidic thrombosis under multiple shear rates and antiplatelet therapy doses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e82493. [PMID: 24404131 PMCID: PMC3880267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mainstay of treatment for thrombosis, the formation of occlusive platelet aggregates that often lead to heart attack and stroke, is antiplatelet therapy. Antiplatelet therapy dosing and resistance are poorly understood, leading to potential incorrect and ineffective dosing. Shear rate is also suspected to play a major role in thrombosis, but instrumentation to measure its influence has been limited by flow conditions, agonist use, and non-systematic and/or non-quantitative studies. In this work we measured occlusion times and thrombus detachment for a range of initial shear rates (500, 1500, 4000, and 10000 s(-1)) and therapy concentrations (0-2.4 µM for eptifibatide, 0-2 mM for acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA), 3.5-40 Units/L for heparin) using a microfluidic device. We also measured complete blood counts (CBC) and platelet activity using whole blood impedance aggregometry. Effects of shear rate and dose were analyzed using general linear models, logistic regressions, and Cox proportional hazards models. Shear rates have significant effects on thrombosis/dose-response curves for all tested therapies. ASA has little effect on high shear occlusion times, even at very high doses (up to 20 times the recommended dose). Under ASA therapy, thrombi formed at high shear rates were 4 times more prone to detachment compared to those formed under control conditions. Eptifibatide reduced occlusion when controlling for shear rate and its efficacy increased with dose concentration. In contrast, the hazard of occlusion from ASA was several orders of magnitude higher than that of eptifibatide. Our results show similar dose efficacy to our low shear measurements using whole blood aggregometry. This quantitative and statistically validated study of the effects of a wide range of shear rate and antiplatelet therapy doses on occlusive thrombosis contributes to more accurate understanding of thrombosis and to models for optimizing patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Li
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nathan A Hotaling
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David N Ku
- George W. Woodruff Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Craig R Forest
- George W. Woodruff Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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31
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Systems biology of platelet-vessel wall interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 844:85-98. [PMID: 25480638 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are small, anucleated cells that participate in primary hemostasis by forming a hemostatic plug at the site of a blood vessel's breach, preventing blood loss. However, hemostatic events can lead to excessive thrombosis, resulting in life-threatening strokes, emboli, or infarction. Development of multi-scale models coupling processes at several scales and running predictive model simulations on powerful computer clusters can help interdisciplinary groups of researchers to suggest and test new patient-specific treatment strategies.
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Ye W, Shi Q, Wong SC, Hou J, Xu X, Yin J. Precise patterning of the SEBS surface by UV lithography to evaluate the platelet function through single platelet adhesion. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1186-1194. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The micropatterned surface which was createdviaUV lithography with a photomask, was demonstrated to control single platelet adhesion, render platelets sensitive to proteins and enable assessment of the platelet function in the presence of antiplatelet agents through single platelet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, China
| | - Shing-Chung Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Akron
- Akron, USA
| | - Jianwen Hou
- Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Polymer Materials Research Center and Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, China
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33
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Tran R, Myers DR, Ciciliano J, Trybus Hardy EL, Sakurai Y, Ahn B, Qiu Y, Mannino RG, Fay ME, Lam WA. Biomechanics of haemostasis and thrombosis in health and disease: from the macro- to molecular scale. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:579-96. [PMID: 23490277 PMCID: PMC3822810 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the processes of haemostasis and thrombosis have been studied extensively in the past several decades, much of the effort has been spent characterizing the biological and biochemical aspects of clotting. More recently, researchers have discovered that the function and physiology of blood cells and plasma proteins relevant in haematologic processes are mechanically, as well as biologically, regulated. This is not entirely surprising considering the extremely dynamic fluidic environment that these blood components exist in. Other cells in the body such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells have been found to biologically respond to their physical and mechanical environments, affecting aspects of cellular physiology as diverse as cytoskeletal architecture to gene expression to alterations of vital signalling pathways. In the circulation, blood cells and plasma proteins are constantly exposed to forces while they, in turn, also exert forces to regulate clot formation. These mechanical factors lead to biochemical and biomechanical changes on the macro- to molecular scale. Likewise, biochemical and biomechanical alterations in the microenvironment can ultimately impact the mechanical regulation of clot formation. The ways in which these factors all balance each other can be the difference between haemostasis and thrombosis. Here, we review how the biomechanics of blood cells intimately interact with the cellular and molecular biology to regulate haemostasis and thrombosis in the context of health and disease from the macro- to molecular scale. We will also show how these biomechanical forces in the context of haemostasis and thrombosis have been replicated or measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David R Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jordan Ciciliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elaissa L Trybus Hardy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Byungwook Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert G Mannino
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meredith E Fay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
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Ye W, Shi Q, Wong SC, Hou J, Shi H, Yin J. Patterning Surfaces for Controlled Platelet Adhesion and Detection of Dysfunctional Platelets. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:676-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The Rho family of GTP binding proteins, also commonly referred to as the Rho GTPases, are master regulators of the platelet cytoskeleton and platelet function. These low-molecular-weight or 'small' GTPases act as signaling switches in the spatial and temporal transduction, and amplification of signals from platelet cell surface receptors to the intracellular signaling pathways that drive platelet function. The Rho GTPase family members RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac1 have emerged as key regulators in the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in platelets and play key roles in platelet aggregation, secretion, spreading and thrombus formation. Rho GTPase regulators, including GEFs and GAPs and downstream effectors, such as the WASPs, formins and PAKs, may also regulate platelet activation and function. In this review, we provide an overview of Rho GTPase signaling in platelet physiology. Previous studies of Rho GTPases and platelets have had a shared history, as platelets have served as an ideal, non-transformed cellular model to characterize Rho function. Likewise, recent studies of the cell biology of Rho GTPase family members have helped to build an understanding of the molecular regulation of platelet function and will continue to do so through the further characterization of Rho GTPases as well as Rho GAPs, GEFs, RhoGDIs and Rho effectors in actin reorganization and other Rho-driven cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Van de Walle AB, Fontenot J, Spain TG, Brunski DB, Sanchez ES, Keay JC, Curtis ME, Johnson MB, Snyder TA, Schmidtke DW. The role of fibrinogen spacing and patch size on platelet adhesion under flow. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4080-91. [PMID: 22820307 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Platelet adhesion to the vessel wall during vascular injury is mediated by platelet glycoproteins binding to their respective ligands on the vascular wall. In this study we investigated the roles that ligand patch spacing and size play in regulating platelet interactions with fibrinogen under hemodynamic flow conditions. To regulate the size and distance between patches of fibrinogen we developed a photolithography-based technique to fabricate patterns of proteins surrounded by a protein-repellant layer of poly(ethylene glycol). We demonstrate that when mepacrine labeled whole blood is perfused at a shear rate of 100 s ⁻¹ over substrates patterned with micron-sized wide lines of fibrinogen, platelets selectively adhere to the areas of patterned fibrinogen. Using fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy we demonstrate that the degree of platelet coverage (3-35%) and the ability of platelet aggregates to grow laterally are dependent upon the distance (6-30 μm) between parallel lines of fibrinogen. We also report on the effects of fibrinogen patch size on platelet adhesion by varying the size of the protein patch (2-20 μm) available for adhesion, demonstrating that the downstream length of the ligand patch is a critical parameter in platelet adhesion under flow. We expect that these results and protein patterning surfaces will be useful in understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of platelet adhesion under physiologic flow, and in the development of novel platelet adhesion assays.
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Ding Y, Leng Y, Huang N, Yang P, Lu X, Ge X, Ren F, Wang K, Lei L, Guo X. Effects of microtopographic patterns on platelet adhesion and activation on titanium oxide surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:622-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Platelet (PLT) production represents the final stage of megakaryocyte (MK) development. During differentiation, bone marrow MKs extend and release long, branched proPLTs into sinusoidal blood vessels, which undergo repeated abscissions to yield circulating PLTs. Circular-prePLTs are dynamic intermediate structures in this sequence that have the capacity to reversibly convert into barbell-proPLTs and may be related to "young PLTs" and "large PLTs" of both inherited and acquired macrothrombocytopenias. Conversion is regulated by the diameter and thickness of the peripheral microtubule coil, and PLTs are capable of enlarging in culture to generate barbell-proPLTs that divide to yield 2 smaller PLT products. Because PLT number and size are inversely proportional, this raises the question: do macrothrombocytopenias represent a failure in the intermediate stages of PLT production? This review aims to bring together and contextualize our current understanding of terminal PLT production against the backdrop of human macrothrombocytopenias to establish how "large PLTs" observed in both conditions are similar, how they are different, and what they can teach us about PLT formation. A better understanding of the cytoskeletal mechanisms that regulate PLT formation and determine PLT size offers the promise of improved therapies for clinical disorders of PLT production and an important source of PLTs for infusion.
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