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Gilbert T, Gorlt C, Barbier M, Duployer B, Plozza M, Dufrancais O, Martet LE, Dalbard E, Segot L, Tenailleau C, Haren L, Vérollet C, Bierkamp C, Merdes A. Loss of ninein interferes with osteoclast formation and causes premature ossification. eLife 2024; 13:e93457. [PMID: 38836552 PMCID: PMC11175614 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ninein is a centrosome protein that has been implicated in microtubule anchorage and centrosome cohesion. Mutations in the human NINEIN gene have been linked to Seckel syndrome and to a rare form of skeletal dysplasia. However, the role of ninein in skeletal development remains unknown. Here, we describe a ninein knockout mouse with advanced endochondral ossification during embryonic development. Although the long bones maintain a regular size, the absence of ninein delays the formation of the bone marrow cavity in the prenatal tibia. Likewise, intramembranous ossification in the skull is more developed, leading to a premature closure of the interfrontal suture. We demonstrate that ninein is strongly expressed in osteoclasts of control mice, and that its absence reduces the fusion of precursor cells into syncytial osteoclasts, whereas the number of osteoblasts remains unaffected. As a consequence, ninein-deficient osteoclasts have a reduced capacity to resorb bone. At the cellular level, the absence of ninein interferes with centrosomal microtubule organization, reduces centrosome cohesion, and provokes the loss of centrosome clustering in multinucleated mature osteoclasts. We propose that centrosomal ninein is important for osteoclast fusion, to enable a functional balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts during skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gilbert
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR5077, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Camille Gorlt
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR5077, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UMR5089, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Merlin Barbier
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR5077, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | | | - Marianna Plozza
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UMR5089, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Ophélie Dufrancais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UMR5089, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Laure-Elene Martet
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR5077, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Elisa Dalbard
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR5077, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Loelia Segot
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR5077, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | | | - Laurence Haren
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR5077, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UMR5089, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- International Research Project CNRS “MAC-TB/HIV”ToulouseFrance
| | - Christiane Bierkamp
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR5077, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Andreas Merdes
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR5077, CNRS & Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
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2
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Kim M, Park JH, Go M, Lee N, Seo J, Lee H, Kim D, Ha H, Kim T, Jeong MS, Kim S, Kim T, Kim HS, Kang D, Shim H, Lee SY. RUFY4 deletion prevents pathological bone loss by blocking endo-lysosomal trafficking of osteoclasts. Bone Res 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38744829 PMCID: PMC11094054 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mature osteoclasts degrade bone matrix by exocytosis of active proteases from secretory lysosomes through a ruffled border. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lysosomal trafficking and secretion in osteoclasts remain largely unknown. Here, we show with GeneChip analysis that RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 4 (RUFY4) is strongly upregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Mice lacking Rufy4 exhibited a high trabecular bone mass phenotype with abnormalities in osteoclast function in vivo. Furthermore, deleting Rufy4 did not affect osteoclast differentiation, but inhibited bone-resorbing activity due to disruption in the acidic maturation of secondary lysosomes, their trafficking to the membrane, and their secretion of cathepsin K into the extracellular space. Mechanistically, RUFY4 promotes late endosome-lysosome fusion by acting as an adaptor protein between Rab7 on late endosomes and LAMP2 on primary lysosomes. Consequently, Rufy4-deficient mice were highly protected from lipopolysaccharide- and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Thus, RUFY4 plays as a new regulator in osteoclast activity by mediating endo-lysosomal trafficking and have a potential to be specific target for therapies against bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Miyeon Go
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Nawon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Jeongin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, South Korea
| | - Doyong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, South Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Suree Kim
- Fluorescence Core Imaging Center and Bioimaging Data Curation Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, South Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- Fluorescence Core Imaging Center and Bioimaging Data Curation Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyunbo Shim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
- Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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3
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Das BK, Minocha T, Kunika MD, Kannan A, Gao L, Mohan S, Xing W, Varughese KI, Zhao H. Molecular and functional mapping of Plekhm1-Rab7 interaction in osteoclasts. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae034. [PMID: 38586475 PMCID: PMC10994564 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PLEKHM1 cause osteopetrosis in humans and rats. The germline and osteoclast conditional deletions of Plekhm1 gene in mice lead to defective osteoclast bone resorption and increased trabecular bone mass without overt abnormalities in other organs. As an adaptor protein, pleckstrin homology and RUN domain containing M1 (PLEKHM1) interacts with the key lysosome regulator small GTPase RAB7 via its C-terminal RUBICON homologous (RH) domain. In this study, we have conducted a structural-functional study of the PLEKHM1 RH domain and RAB7 interaction in osteoclasts in vitro. The single mutations of the key residues in the Plekhm1 RH predicted from the crystal structure of the RUBICON RH domain and RAB7 interface failed to disrupt the Plekhm1-Rab7 binding, lysosome trafficking, and bone resorption. The compound alanine mutations at Y949-R954 and L1011-I1018 regions decreased Plekhm1 protein stability and Rab7-binding, respectively, thereby attenuated lysosome trafficking and bone resorption in osteoclasts. In contrast, the compound alanine mutations at R1060-Q1068 region were dispensable for Rab7-binding and Plekhm1 function in osteoclasts. These results indicate that the regions spanning Y949-R954 and L1011-I1018 of Plekhm1 RH domain are functionally important for Plekhm1 in osteoclasts and offer the therapeutic targets for blocking bone resorption in treatment of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaba K Das
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
| | - Tarun Minocha
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
| | - Mikaela D Kunika
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
| | - Aarthi Kannan
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Ling Gao
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, United States
| | - Weirong Xing
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, United States
| | - Kottayil I Varughese
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, AR, United States
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
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4
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Saba KH, Difilippo V, Kovac M, Cornmark L, Magnusson L, Nilsson J, van den Bos H, Spierings DC, Bidgoli M, Jonson T, Sumathi VP, Brosjö O, Staaf J, Foijer F, Styring E, Nathrath M, Baumhoer D, Nord KH. Disruption of the TP53 locus in osteosarcoma leads to TP53 promoter gene fusions and restoration of parts of the TP53 signalling pathway. J Pathol 2024; 262:147-160. [PMID: 38010733 DOI: 10.1002/path.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. This gene shows not only loss-of-function mutations but also recurrent missense mutations with gain-of-function activity. We have studied the primary bone malignancy osteosarcoma, which harbours one of the most rearranged genomes of all cancers. This is odd since it primarily affects children and adolescents who have not lived the long life thought necessary to accumulate massive numbers of mutations. In osteosarcoma, TP53 is often disrupted by structural variants. Here, we show through combined whole-genome and transcriptome analyses of 148 osteosarcomas that TP53 structural variants commonly result in loss of coding parts of the gene while simultaneously preserving and relocating the promoter region. The transferred TP53 promoter region is fused to genes previously implicated in cancer development. Paradoxically, these erroneously upregulated genes are significantly associated with the TP53 signalling pathway itself. This suggests that while the classical tumour suppressor activities of TP53 are lost, certain parts of the TP53 signalling pathway that are necessary for cancer cell survival and proliferation are retained. In line with this, our data suggest that transposition of the TP53 promoter is an early event that allows for a new normal state of genome-wide rearrangements in osteosarcoma. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim H Saba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valeria Difilippo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michal Kovac
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Louise Cornmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hilda van den Bos
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Cj Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mahtab Bidgoli
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Medical Services, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tord Jonson
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Medical Services, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vaiyapuri P Sumathi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Otte Brosjö
- Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emelie Styring
- Department of Orthopedics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Children's Cancer Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karolin H Nord
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Noda K, Lu SL, Chen S, Tokuda K, Li Y, Hao F, Wada Y, Sun-Wada GH, Murakami S, Fukuda M, Itoh T, Noda T. Characterization of Rab32- and Rab38-positive lysosome-related organelles in osteoclasts and macrophages. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105191. [PMID: 37625588 PMCID: PMC10518718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the biogenesis and functions of osteoclasts and macrophages involves dynamic membrane traffic. We screened transcript levels for Rab family small GTPases related to osteoclasts and identified Rab38. Rab38 expression is upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and maturation. In osteoclasts, both Rab38 and its paralog, Rab32, colocalize to lysosome-related organelles (LROs). In macrophages, Rab32 is also found in LROs. LROs are part of the endocytic pathway but are distinct from lysosomes. After receptor activator of NF-κB ligand stimulation, LROs contain cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase inside and help both proteins to accumulate around bone resorption pits. After osteoclast maturation, these enzymes are hardly found within LROs. In macrophages derived from Rab32 and Rab38 double knockout mice, both acidification and V-ATPase a3 localization were severely compromised. Both the double knockout macrophage and bafilomycin-treated wildtype macrophage show an increase in Lamp1-positive organelles, implying that biogenesis of lysosomes and LROs are related. These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 both play a crucial role in LRO biogenesis in macrophages and in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Noda
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiou-Ling Lu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanako Tokuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yangjie Li
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Feike Hao
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Itoh
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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6
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Zheng Z, Zhang X, Oh BK, Kim KY. Identification of combined biomarkers for predicting the risk of osteoporosis using machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4270-4280. [PMID: 35580864 PMCID: PMC9186773 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a severe chronic skeletal disorder that affects older individuals, especially postmenopausal women. However, molecular biomarkers for predicting the risk of osteoporosis are not well characterized. The aim of this study was to identify combined biomarkers for predicting the risk of osteoporosis using machine learning methods. We merged three publicly available gene expression datasets (GSE56815, GSE13850, and GSE2208) to obtain expression data for 6354 unique genes in postmenopausal women (45 with high bone mineral density and 45 with low bone mineral density). All machine learning methods were implemented in R, with the GEOquery and limma packages, for dataset download and differentially expressed gene identification, and a nomogram for predicting the risk of osteoporosis was constructed. We detected 378 significant differentially expressed genes using the limma package, representing 15 major biological pathways. The performance of the predictive models based on combined biomarkers (two or three genes) was superior to that of models based on a single gene. The best predictive gene set among two-gene sets included PLA2G2A and WRAP73. The best predictive gene set among three-gene sets included LPN1, PFDN6, and DOHH. Overall, we demonstrated the advantages of using combined versus single biomarkers for predicting the risk of osteoporosis. Further, the predictive nomogram constructed using combined biomarkers could be used by clinicians to identify high-risk individuals and in the design of efficient clinical trials to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Kyeong Oh
- Institute for the Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Yeol Kim
- BK21 PLUS Project, Department of Dental Education, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Tang CY, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhu G, McVicar A, Li YP, Chen W. GPR125 positively regulates osteoclastogenesis potentially through AKT-NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:2392-2405. [PMID: 35414778 PMCID: PMC8990458 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.70620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling is critical to cell differentiation and activation. However, the function of GPCRs in osteoclast differentiation and activation remains unclear. We found that the G-protein coupled receptor 125 (GPCR 125) gene (Gpr125) gene was highly expressed in osteoclasts through RNA-sequencing technology, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. We characterized the role of GPCR125 in osteoclast differentiation and activation by loss-of-function and gain-of-function methods in osteoclasts. Osteoclasts with lentivirus-mediated GPR125 silencing demonstrated a dramatic reduction in differentiation and impaired bone resorption function. In contrast, overexpression of Gpr125 in osteoclasts increased NFATC1 expression and enhanced osteoclast differentiation and enhanced osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. These results indicated that GPCR125 positively regulates osteoclast formation and function. Following receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) stimulation, the expression levels of MAPK signaling pathway proteins phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) and phosphorylated-p38 (p-p38) were significantly decreased in the Gpr125 knockdown (sh-GPR125) group compared to its control group. We also found that phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) expression was downregulated, as well as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway protein phosphorylated-IKB alpha (p-IKBα). Our results demonstrated that GPCR125 positively regulates osteoclasts via RANKL-stimulated MAPK and AKT-NF-κB signaling pathways, and GPCR125 could potentially be utilized as a novel therapeutic target in bone related diseases including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Tang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Guochun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abigail McVicar
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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8
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Chen Y, Huang C, Chen X, Cai Y, Li W, Fang X, Zhang W. Bone protein analysis via label-free quantitative proteomics in patients with periprosthetic joint infection. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104448. [PMID: 34883267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication of arthroplasty. The treatment of PJI often requires multiple operations and long-term use of antibiotics, making PJI a substantial health and economic burden for patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the pathological mechanism of PJI to explore new therapeutic methods. This study aimed to explore proteomics changes in bone tissue around the prosthesis during PJI development, to explain the pathological mechanism and to provide new treatment ideas. Ten patients who underwent revision surgery at our institution were included: 5 patients with Staphylococcus aureus PJI and 5 patients with aseptic failure. The proteomics changes in bone tissues after PJI were investigated by label-free quantitative proteomics, and the pathways affected by the differential proteins were analyzed by GO annotation, GO enrichment analysis, KEGG enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis. We identified 435 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 213 upregulated and 222 downregulated proteins. Analysis revealed activation of immune-related pathways, such as complement and coagulation cascades, phagocytosis, and neutrophil activation, and inhibition of energy metabolism pathways represented by the TCA cycle. We also observed an altered balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts during S. aureus PJI. We hope that these processes will reveal new treatment ideas. SIGNIFICANCE: PJI is a catastrophic complication of arthroplasty. When infection occurs, bacteria may invade periprosthetic bone tissue to escape immunity and cause damage. So far, only few studies focused on the changes of proteomics associated to PJI. This is the first study to describe the proteomics changes of periprosthetic bone tissue of patients with PJI. We found that the pathological process of S. aureus PJI mainly involves activation of the immune system, decreased energy metabolism, and an altered balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changyu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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9
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Das BK, Gogoi J, Kannan A, Gao L, Xing W, Mohan S, Zhao H. The Cytoplasmic Dynein Associated Protein NDE1 Regulates Osteoclastogenesis by Modulating M-CSF and RANKL Signaling Pathways. Cells 2021; 11:13. [PMID: 35011575 PMCID: PMC8750859 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton organization and lysosome secretion play an essential role in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. The cytoplasmic dynein is a molecular motor complex that regulates microtubule dynamics and transportation of cargos/organelles, including lysosomes along the microtubules. LIS1, NDE1, and NDEL1 belong to an evolutionary conserved pathway that regulates dynein functions. Disruption of the cytoplasmic dynein complex and deletion of LIS1 in osteoclast precursors arrest osteoclastogenesis. Nonetheless, the role of NDE1 and NDEL1 in osteoclast biology remains elusive. In this study, we found that knocking-down Nde1 expression by lentiviral transduction of specific shRNAs markedly inhibited osteoclastogenesis in vitro by attenuating the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells via suppression of signaling pathways downstream of M-CSF and RANKL as well as osteoclast differentiation transcription factor NFATc1. To dissect how NDEL1 regulates osteoclasts and bone homeostasis, we generated Ndel1 conditional knockout mice in myeloid osteoclast precursors (Ndel1ΔlysM) by crossing Ndel1-floxed mice with LysM-Cre mice on C57BL/6J background. The Ndel1ΔlysM mice developed normally. The µCT analysis of distal femurs and in vitro osteoclast differentiation and functional assays in cultures unveiled the similar bone mass in both trabecular and cortical bone compartments as well as intact osteoclastogenesis, cytoskeleton organization, and bone resorption in Ndel1ΔlysM mice and cultures. Therefore, our results reveal a novel role of NDE1 in regulation of osteoclastogenesis and demonstrate that NDEL1 is dispensable for osteoclast differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaba K. Das
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jyoti Gogoi
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Aarthi Kannan
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ling Gao
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Weirong Xing
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (W.X.); (S.M.)
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (W.X.); (S.M.)
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (H.Z.)
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10
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Vergarajauregui S, Becker R, Steffen U, Sharkova M, Esser T, Petzold J, Billing F, Kapiloff MS, Schett G, Thievessen I, Engel FB. AKAP6 orchestrates the nuclear envelope microtubule-organizing center by linking golgi and nucleus via AKAP9. eLife 2020; 9:61669. [PMID: 33295871 PMCID: PMC7725499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The switch from centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) to non-centrosomal MTOCs during differentiation is poorly understood. Here, we identify AKAP6 as key component of the nuclear envelope MTOC. In rat cardiomyocytes, AKAP6 anchors centrosomal proteins to the nuclear envelope through its spectrin repeats, acting as an adaptor between nesprin-1α and Pcnt or AKAP9. In addition, AKAP6 and AKAP9 form a protein platform tethering the Golgi to the nucleus. Both Golgi and nuclear envelope exhibit MTOC activity utilizing either AKAP9, or Pcnt-AKAP9, respectively. AKAP6 is also required for formation and activity of the nuclear envelope MTOC in human osteoclasts. Moreover, ectopic expression of AKAP6 in epithelial cells is sufficient to recruit endogenous centrosomal proteins. Finally, AKAP6 is required for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and osteoclast bone resorption activity. Collectively, we decipher the MTOC at the nuclear envelope as a bi-layered structure generating two pools of microtubules with AKAP6 as a key organizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vergarajauregui
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Becker
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Sharkova
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilman Esser
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Petzold
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Billing
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - George Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Thievessen
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Aesculetin Inhibits Osteoclastic Bone Resorption through Blocking Ruffled Border Formation and Lysosomal Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228581. [PMID: 33203061 PMCID: PMC7696459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For the optimal resorption of mineralized bone matrix, osteoclasts require the generation of the ruffled border and acidic resorption lacuna through lysosomal trafficking and exocytosis. Coumarin-type aesculetin is a naturally occurring compound with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the direct effects of aesculetin on osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated. This study found that aesculetin inhibited osteoclast activation and bone resorption through blocking formation and exocytosis of lysosomes. Raw 264.7 cells were differentiated in the presence of 50 ng/mL receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and treated with 1–10 μM aesculetin. Differentiation, bone resorption, and lysosome biogenesis of osteoclasts were determined by tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, bone resorption assay, Western blotting, immunocytochemical analysis, and LysoTracker staining. Aesculetin inhibited RANKL-induced formation of multinucleated osteoclasts with a reduction of TRAP activity. Micromolar aesculetin deterred the actin ring formation through inhibition of induction of αvβ3 integrin and Cdc42 but not cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) in RANKL-exposed osteoclasts. Administering aesculetin to RANKL-exposed osteoclasts attenuated the induction of autophagy-related proteins, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, and small GTPase Rab7, hampering the lysosomal trafficking onto ruffled border crucial for bone resorption. In addition, aesculetin curtailed cellular induction of Pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein family member 1 and lissencephaly-1 involved in lysosome positioning to microtubules involved in the lysosomal transport within mature osteoclasts. These results demonstrate that aesculetin retarded osteoclast differentiation and impaired lysosomal trafficking and exocytosis for the formation of the putative ruffled border. Therefore, aesculetin may be a potential osteoprotective agent targeting RANKL-induced osteoclastic born resorption for medicinal use.
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12
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Hussein NJ, Mbimba T, Al-Adlaan AA, Ansari MY, Jaber FA, McDermott S, Kasumov T, Safadi FF. A novel regulatory role of TRAPPC9 in L-plastin-mediated osteoclast actin ring formation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:284-298. [PMID: 31453638 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trafficking protein particle complex 9 (TRAPPC9) is a major subunit of the TRAPPII complex. TRAPPC9 has been reported to bind nuclear factor κB kinase subunit β (IKKβ) and NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK) where it plays a role in the canonical and noncanonical of nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB) signaling pathways, receptively. The role of TRAPPC9 in protein trafficking and cytoskeleton organization in osteoclast (OC) has not been studied yet. In this study, we examined the mRNA expression of TRAPPC9 during OC differentiation. Next, we examined the colocalization of TRAPPC9 with cathepsin-K, known to mediate OC resorption suggesting that TRAPPC9 mediates the trafficking pathway within OC. To identify TRAPPC9 protein partners important for OC-mediated cytoskeleton re-organization, we conducted immunoprecipitation of TRAPPC9 in mature OCs followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Our data showed that TRAPPC9 binds various protein partners. One protein with high recovery rate is L-plastin (LPL). LPL localizes at the podosomes and reported to play a crucial role in actin aggregation thereby actin ring formation and OC function. Although the role of LPL in OC-mediated bone resorption has not fully reported in detail. Here, first, we confirmed the binding of LPL to TRAPPC9 and, then, we investigated the potential regulatory role of TRAPPC9 in LPL-mediated OC cytoskeleton reorganization. We assessed the localization of TRAPPC9 and LPL in OC and found that TRAPPC9 is colocalized with LPL at the periphery of OC. Next, we determined the effect of TRAPPC9 overexpression on LPL recruitment to the actin ring using a viral system. Interestingly, our data showed that TRAPPC9 overexpression promotes the recruitment of LPL to the actin ring when compared with control cultures. In addition, we observed that TRAPPC9 overexpression reorganizes actin clusters/aggregates and regulates vinculin recruitment into the OC periphery to initiate podosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar J Hussein
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Thomas Mbimba
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Asaad A Al-Adlaan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Mohammad Y Ansari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.,Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA.,Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Scott McDermott
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUMMA Heath System, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUMMA Heath System, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUMMA Heath System, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children Hospital, Akron, Ohio
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13
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Elango J, Saravanakumar K, Rahman SU, Henrotin Y, Regenstein JM, Wu W, Bao B. Chitosan-Collagen 3D Matrix Mimics Trabecular Bone and Regulates RANKL-Mediated Paracrine Cues of Differentiated Osteoblast and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Marrow Macrophage-Derived Osteoclastogenesis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050173. [PMID: 31060346 PMCID: PMC6571924 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified the regulatory mechanism of collagen in bone ossification and resorption. Due to its excellent bio-mimicry property, collagen is used for the treatment of several bone and joint disease such as arthritis, osteoporosis, and osteopenia. In bone, the biological action of collagen is highly influenced by the interactions of other bone materials such as glycosaminoglycan and minerals. In view of the above perceptions, collagen was crosslinked with chitosan, hydroxyapatite (H), and chondroitin sulfate (Cs), to produce a natural bone-like 3D structure and to evaluate its effect on bone homeostasis using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblast, and bone marrow macrophages. The XRD and micro-CT data confirmed the arrangement of H crystallites in the chitosan-collagen-H-Cs (CCHCs) three-dimensional (3D)-matrix and the three-dimensional structure of the matrix. The stimulatory osteoblastogenic and exploitive osteoclastogenic activity of 3D-matrices were identified using differentiated osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Besides, osteogenic progenitor’s paracrine cues for osteoclastogenesis showed that the differentiated osteoblast secreted higher levels of RANKL to support osteoclastogenesis, and the effect was downregulated by the CCHCs 3D-matrix. From that, it was hypothesized that the morphology of the CCHCs 3D-matrix resembles trabecular bone, which enhances bone growth, limits bone resorption, and could be a novel biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea.
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA.
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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14
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Membrane trafficking in osteoclasts and implications for osteoporosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:639-650. [PMID: 30837319 PMCID: PMC6490703 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells exquisitely adapted to resorb bone matrix. Like other eukaryotes, osteoclasts possess an elaborate ensemble of intracellular organelles through which solutes, proteins and other macromolecules are trafficked to their target destinations via membrane-bound intermediaries. During bone resorption, membrane trafficking must be tightly regulated to sustain the structural and functional polarity of the osteoclasts’ membrane domains. Of these, the ruffled border (RB) is most characteristic, functioning as the osteoclasts' secretory apparatus. This highly convoluted organelle is classically considered to be formed by the targeted fusion of acidic vesicles with the bone-facing plasma membrane. Emerging findings disclose new evidence that the RB is far more complex than previously envisaged, possessing discrete subdomains that are serviced by several intersecting endocytic, secretory, transcytotic and autophagic pathways. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts therefore serve as a unique model system for studying polarized membrane trafficking. Recent advances in high-resolution microscopy together with the convergence of genetic and cell biological studies in humans and in mice have helped illuminate the major membrane trafficking pathways in osteoclasts and unmask the core molecular machinery that governs these distinct vesicle transport routes. Among these, small Rab GTPases, their binding partners and members of the endocytic sorting nexin family have emerged as critical regulators. This mini review summarizes our current understanding of membrane trafficking in osteoclasts, the key molecular participants, and discusses how these transport machinery may be exploited for the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders of bone-like osteoporosis.
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15
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Zeng L, Xu Y, Xing G. [Effect of lipopolysaccharide on osteoclasts formation and bone resorption function and its mechanism]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:568-574. [PMID: 29806344 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201712044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the effect and mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on osteoclasts formation and its bone resorption function. Methods Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were extracted from the marrow of femur and tibia of 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Flow cytometry was used to detect BMMs. The effect of different concentrations of LPS (0, 100, 200, 500, 1 000, 2 000 ng/mL) on BMMs activity was examined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) activity test. In order to investigate the effect of LPS on osteoclastogenesis, BMMs were divided into macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) group, M-CSF+receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) group, M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS group, M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group. After the completion of culture, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to observe the formation of osteoclasts. In order to investigate the effect of LPS on the expression of Connexin43, BMMs were divided into the control group (M-CSF+RANKL) and the LPS group (M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS); and the control group (M-CSF+RANKL), 50 ng/mL LPS group (M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS), and 100 ng/mL LPS group (M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS). The expressions of Connexin43 mRNA and protein were detected by Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively. In order to investigate the effect of LPS on osteoclast bone resorption, BMMs were divided into M-CSF group, M-CSF+RANKL group, M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS group, and M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group. Bone absorption test was used to detect the ratio of bone resorption area. Results The flow cytometry test confirmed that the cultured cells were BMMs, and CCK-8 activity test proved that the 100 ng/mL LPS could promote the proliferation of BMMs, showing significant differences when compared with the 0, 200, 500, 1 000, and 2 000 ng/mL LPS ( P<0.05). TRAP staining showed no osteoclast formation in M-CSF group. Compared with M-CSF+RANKL group, the osteoclasts in M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS group and M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group were larger with more nuclei, while the osteoclasts in M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group were more obvious, and the differences in the ratio of osteoclast area between groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Western blot result showed that the relative expression of Connexin43 protein in LPS group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed that the relative expression of Connexin43 mRNA in control group, 50 ng/mL LPS group, and 100 ng/mL LPS group increased gradually, and the differences between groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Bone resorption test showed that osteoclast bone resorption did not form in M-CSF group, but the ratio of bone resorption area increased gradually in M-CSF+RANKL group, M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS group, and M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group, and the differences between groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion LPS at concentration of 100 ng/mL can promote the expression of Connexin43, resulting in increased osteoclastogenesis and enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces of Jinzhou Medical University Postgraduate Training Base, Beijing, 100039, P.R.China
| | - Yongming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, P.R.China
| | - Gengyan Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039,
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16
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Wang L, Fang B, Fujiwara T, Krager K, Gorantla A, Li C, Feng JQ, Jennings ML, Zhou J, Aykin-Burns N, Zhao H. Deletion of ferroportin in murine myeloid cells increases iron accumulation and stimulates osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9248-9264. [PMID: 29724825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, osteopenia, and pathological bone fractures are frequent complications of iron-overload conditions such as hereditary hemochromatosis, thalassemia, and sickle cell disease. Moreover, animal models of iron overload have revealed increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Although systemic iron overload affects multiple organs and tissues, leading to significant changes on bone modeling and remodeling, the cell autonomous effects of excessive iron on bone cells remain unknown. Here, to elucidate the role of cellular iron homeostasis in osteoclasts, we generated two mouse strains in which solute carrier family 40 member 1 (Slc40a1), a gene encoding ferroportin (FPN), the sole iron exporter in mammalian cells, was specifically deleted in myeloid osteoclast precursors or mature cells. The FPN deletion mildly increased iron levels in both precursor and mature osteoclasts, and its loss in precursors, but not in mature cells, increased osteoclastogenesis and decreased bone mass in vivo Of note, these phenotypes were more pronounced in female than in male mice. In vitro studies revealed that the elevated intracellular iron promoted macrophage proliferation and amplified expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (Nfatc1) and PPARG coactivator 1β (Pgc-1β), two transcription factors critical for osteoclast differentiation. However, the iron excess did not affect osteoclast survival. While increased iron stimulated global mitochondrial metabolism in osteoclast precursors, it had little influence on mitochondrial mass and reactive oxygen species production. These results indicate that FPN-regulated intracellular iron levels are critical for mitochondrial metabolism, osteoclastogenesis, and skeletal homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- From the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.,the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Bin Fang
- the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine.,the Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Kimberly Krager
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Akshita Gorantla
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246
| | - Jian Q Feng
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246
| | - Michael L Jennings
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Jian Zhou
- From the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China,
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Haibo Zhao
- the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205.,the Research Department, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California 90822, and.,the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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17
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Ahmadpour A, Goodarzi A, Lee DJ, Panchal RR, Kim KD. Cervical spine fractures in osteopetrosis: a case report and review of the literature. J Biomed Res 2018; 32:68-76. [PMID: 29353820 PMCID: PMC5956260 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20170055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While management of appendicular fractures has been well described in the setting of osteopetrosis, there is limited information on managing fractures of the axial spine. Here we present an osteopetrotic patient with multiple traumatic multiple, comminuted, unstable cervical spinal fractures managed with non-operative stabilization, and provide a review of the pathophysiology, genetic characteristics, and special considerations that must be explored when determining operative versus non-operative management of spinal injury in osteopetrosis. A PubMed query was performed for English articles in the literature published up to June 2016, and used the following search terms alone and in combination: "osteopetrosis", "spine", "fractures", "osteoclasts", and "operative management". Within four months after initial injury, treatment with halo vest allowed for adequate healing. The patient was asymptomatic with cervical spine dynamic radiographs confirming stability at four months. On four-year follow up examination, the patient remained without neck pain, and CT scan demonstrated partially sclerotic fracture lines with appropriate anatomical alignment. In conclusion, external halo stabilization may be an effective option for treatment of multiple unstable acute traumatic cervical spine fractures in patients with osteopetrosis. Given the challenge of surgical stabilization in osteopetrosis, further research is necessary to elucidate the optimal form of treatment in this select patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjang Ahmadpour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Amir Goodarzi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ripul R Panchal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kee D Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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18
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Dwivedi D, Sharma M. Multiple Roles, Multiple Adaptors: Dynein During Cell Cycle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1112:13-30. [PMID: 30637687 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynein is an essential protein complex present in most eukaryotes that regulate biological processes ranging from ciliary beating, intracellular transport, to cell division. Elucidating the detailed mechanism of dynein function has been a challenging task owing to its large molecular weight and high complexity of the motor. With the advent of technologies in the last two decades, studies have uncovered a wealth of information about the structural, biochemical, and cell biological roles of this motor protein. Cytoplasmic dynein associates with dynactin through adaptor proteins to mediate retrograde transport of vesicles, mRNA, proteins, and organelles on the microtubule tracts. In a mitotic cell, dynein has multiple localizations, such as at the nuclear envelope, kinetochores, mitotic spindle and spindle poles, and cell cortex. In line with this, dynein regulates multiple events during the cell cycle, such as centrosome separation, nuclear envelope breakdown, spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation, chromosome segregation, and spindle positioning. Here, we provide an overview of dynein structure and function with focus on the roles played by this motor during different stages of the cell cycle. Further, we review in detail the role of dynactin and dynein adaptors that regulate both recruitment and activity of dynein during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Ye S, Fujiwara T, Zhou J, Varughese KI, Zhao H. LIS1 Regulates Osteoclastogenesis through Modulation of M-SCF and RANKL Signaling Pathways and CDC42. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1488-1499. [PMID: 27994513 PMCID: PMC5166490 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that depletion of LIS1, a key regulator of microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein motor complex, in osteoclast precursor cells by shRNAs attenuates osteoclastogenesis in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we show that conditional deletion of LIS1 in osteoclast progenitors in mice led to increased bone mass and decreased osteoclast number on trabecular bone. In vitro mechanistic studies revealed that loss of LIS1 had little effects on cell cycle progression but accelerated apoptosis of osteoclast precursor cells. Furthermore, deletion of LIS1 prevented prolonged activation of ERK by M-CSF and aberrantly enhanced prolonged JNK activation stimulated by RANKL. Finally, lack of LIS1 abrogated M-CSF and RANKL induced CDC42 activation and retroviral transduction of a constitutively active form of CDC42 partially rescued osteoclastogenesis in LIS1-deficient macrophages. Therefore, these data identify a key role of LIS1 in regulation of cell survival of osteoclast progenitors by modulating M-CSF and RANKL induced signaling pathways and CDC42 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA;; Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Kottayil I Varughese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA;; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Fujiwara T, Ye S, Castro-Gomes T, Winchell CG, Andrews NW, Voth DE, Varughese KI, Mackintosh SG, Feng Y, Pavlos N, Nakamura T, Manolagas SC, Zhao H. PLEKHM1/DEF8/RAB7 complex regulates lysosome positioning and bone homeostasis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86330. [PMID: 27777970 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the Plekhm1 gene in humans and rats cause osteopetrosis, an inherited bone disease characterized by diminished bone resorption by osteoclasts. PLEKHM1 binds to RAB7 and is critical for lysosome trafficking. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PLEKHM1 regulates lysosomal pathways remain unknown. Here, we generated germline and conditional Plekhm1-deficient mice. These mice displayed no overt abnormalities in major organs, except for an increase in trabecular bone mass. Furthermore, loss of PLEKHM1 abrogated the peripheral distribution of lysosomes and bone resorption in osteoclasts. Mechanistically, we indicated that DEF8 interacts with PLEKHM1 and promotes its binding to RAB7, whereas the binding of FAM98A and NDEL1 with PLEKHM1 connects lysosomes to microtubules. Importantly, suppression of these proteins results in lysosome positioning and bone resorption defects similar to those of Plekhm1-null osteoclasts. Thus, PLHKEM1, DEF8, FAM98A, and NDEL1 constitute a molecular complex that regulates lysosome positioning and secretion through RAB7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Norma W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Yunfeng Feng
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nathan Pavlos
- Center for Orthopedic Research, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry & Integrative Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and
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Novack DV, Mbalaviele G. Osteoclasts-Key Players in Skeletal Health and Disease. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0011-2015. [PMID: 27337470 PMCID: PMC4920143 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mchd-0011-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of osteoclasts (OCs) from early myeloid progenitors is a tightly regulated process that is modulated by a variety of mediators present in the bone microenvironment. Once generated, the function of mature OCs depends on cytoskeletal features controlled by an αvβ3-containing complex at the bone-apposed membrane and the secretion of protons and acid-protease cathepsin K. OCs also have important interactions with other cells in the bone microenvironment, including osteoblasts and immune cells. Dysregulation of OC differentiation and/or function can cause bone pathology. In fact, many components of OC differentiation and activation have been targeted therapeutically with great success. However, questions remain about the identity and plasticity of OC precursors and the interplay between essential networks that control OC fate. In this review, we summarize the key principles of OC biology and highlight recently uncovered mechanisms regulating OC development and function in homeostatic and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Veis Novack
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine
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Witwicka H, Jia H, Kutikov A, Reyes-Gutierrez P, Li X, Odgren PR. TRAFD1 (FLN29) Interacts with Plekhm1 and Regulates Osteoclast Acidification and Resorption. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127537. [PMID: 25992615 PMCID: PMC4438057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plekhm1 is a large, multi-modular, adapter protein implicated in osteoclast vesicle trafficking and bone resorption. In patients, inactivating mutations cause osteopetrosis, and gain-of-function mutations cause osteopenia. Investigations of potential Plekhm1 interaction partners by mass spectrometry identified TRAFD1 (FLN29), a protein previously shown to suppress toll-like receptor signaling in monocytes/macrophages, thereby dampening inflammatory responses to innate immunity. We mapped the binding domains to the TRAFD1 zinc finger (aa 37-60), and to the region of Plekhm1 between its second pleckstrin homology domain and its C1 domain (aa 784-986). RANKL slightly increased TRAFD1 levels, particularly in primary osteoclasts, and the co-localization of TRAFD1 with Plekhm1 also increased with RANKL treatment. Stable knockdown of TRAFD1 in RAW 264.7 cells inhibited resorption activity proportionally to the degree of knockdown, and inhibited acidification. The lack of acidification occurred despite the presence of osteoclast acidification factors including carbonic anhydrase II, a3-V-ATPase, and the ClC7 chloride channel. Secretion of TRAP and cathepsin K were also markedly inhibited in knockdown cells. Truncated Plekhm1 in ia/ia osteopetrotic rat cells prevented vesicle localization of Plekhm1 and TRAFD1. We conclude that TRAFD1, in association with Plekhm1/Rab7-positive late endosomes-early lysosomes, has a previously unknown role in vesicle trafficking, acidification, and resorption in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Witwicka
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655 United States of America
| | - Hong Jia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655 United States of America
| | - Artem Kutikov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655 United States of America
| | - Pablo Reyes-Gutierrez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655 United States of America
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655 United States of America
| | - Paul R. Odgren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655 United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhou J, Fujiwara T, Ye S, Li X, Zhao H. Ubiquitin E3 Ligase LNX2 is Critical for Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro by Regulating M-CSF/RANKL Signaling and Notch2. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:465-75. [PMID: 25712254 PMCID: PMC4730947 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a crucial role in skeletal development and homeostasis by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, the molecular mechanisms modulating the level and activity of Notch receptors in bone cells remain unknown. In this study, we uncovered that LNX2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and Notch inhibitor Numb binding protein, was up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation. Knocking-down LNX2 expression in bone marrow macrophages by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNAs markedly inhibited osteoclast formation. Decreased LNX2 expression attenuated macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced ERK and AKT activation and RANKL-stimulated activation of NF-κB and JNK pathways; therefore, accelerated osteoclast apoptosis. Additionally, loss of LNX2 led to an increased accumulation of Numb, which promoted the degradation of Notch and caused a reduction of the expression of the Notch downstream target gene, Hes1. We conclude that LNX2 regulates M-CSF/RANKL and the Notch signaling pathways during osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Haibo Zhao, MD, PhD, Center for Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot 587, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA Ph: (501) 686-5130; Fax: (501) 686-8148; , Xiaolin Li, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China Ph: 86-21-24058051; Fax: 86-21-64363802;
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Haibo Zhao, MD, PhD, Center for Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot 587, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA Ph: (501) 686-5130; Fax: (501) 686-8148; , Xiaolin Li, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China Ph: 86-21-24058051; Fax: 86-21-64363802;
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Fowler TW, Kamalakar A, Akel NS, Kurten RC, Suva LJ, Gaddy D. Activin A inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation, movement and function in murine bone marrow macrophage cultures. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:683-94. [PMID: 25609708 PMCID: PMC4327386 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.157834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of osteoclastic bone resorption is complex and regulated at multiple levels. The role of osteoclast (OCL) fusion and motility in bone resorption are unclear, with the movement of OCL on bone largely unexplored. RANKL (also known as TNFSF11) is a potent stimulator of murine osteoclastogenesis, and activin A (ActA) enhances that stimulation in whole bone marrow. ActA treatment does not induce osteoclastogenesis in stroma-free murine bone marrow macrophage cultures (BMM), but rather inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We hypothesized that ActA and RANKL differentially regulate osteoclastogenesis by modulating OCL precursors and mature OCL migration. Time-lapse video microscopy measured ActA and RANKL effects on BMM and OCL motility and function. ActA completely inhibited RANKL-stimulated OCL motility, differentiation and bone resorption, through a mechanism mediated by ActA-dependent changes in SMAD2, AKT1 and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IκB) signaling. The potent and dominant inhibitory effect of ActA was associated with decreased OCL lifespan because ActA significantly increased activated caspase-3 in mature OCL and OCL precursors. Collectively, these data demonstrate a dual action for ActA on murine OCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan W Fowler
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Archana Kamalakar
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Nisreen S Akel
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Richard C Kurten
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Dana Gaddy
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
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Cappariello A, Maurizi A, Veeriah V, Teti A. Reprint of: The Great Beauty of the osteoclast. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Inhibition of Microtubule Dynamics Affects Podosome Belt Formation During Osteoclast Induction. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:741-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhou J, Fujiwara T, Ye S, Li X, Zhao H. Downregulation of Notch modulators, tetraspanin 5 and 10, inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:209-217. [PMID: 24935633 PMCID: PMC4139439 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies in human and mice have pinpointed an essential role of Notch signaling in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation during skeletal development and bone remodeling. However, the factors and pathways regulating Notch activation in bone cells remain largely unknown. In this in vitro study, we have provided evidence that two of the TspanC8 subfamily members of tetraspanins, Tspan-5 and Tspan-10, are up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation and knockdown of their expression by shRNAs dramatically inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Loss of Tspan-5 and Tspan-10 in osteoclast lineage cells results in attenuation of ADAM10 maturation and Notch activation. Therefore, these two tetraspanins play a critical role in osteoclast formation, at least in part, by modulating Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Haibo Zhao, MD, PhD, Center for Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot 587, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Ph: (501) 686-5130; Fax: (501) 686-8148;
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Cappariello A, Maurizi A, Veeriah V, Teti A. The Great Beauty of the osteoclast. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 558:70-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Role of vesicular trafficking in skeletal dynamics. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 16:7-14. [PMID: 24566133 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking is critical for the function of bone cells, exemplified by bone diseases such as osteopetrosis, which frequently results from defects in this process. Recent work has further dissected the role of the endolysosomal system in both bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. This pathway also plays an important role in the communication between these and other cells in bone, through trafficking and degradation of growth factors and their receptors, and microvesicle release. In addition, a crucial role for autophagy in bone remodelling and bone disease is beginning to emerge. These insights into the molecular control of bone remodelling raise the possibility of developing novel therapeutics for bone diseases designed to target specific aspects of this process.
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Chronic mTOR activation promotes cell survival in Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:272-281. [PMID: 24262658 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer with rising incidence. In this study, we demonstrate that mTOR activation and suppressed autophagy is common in MCCs. mTOR inhibition in two primary human MCC cell lines induces autophagy and cell death that is independent of caspase activation but can be attenuated by autophagy inhibition. This is the first study to evaluate mTOR and autophagy in MCC. Our data suggests a potential role of autophagic cell death upon mTOR inhibition and thus uncovers a previously underappreciated role of mTOR signaling and cell survival, and merits further studies for potential therapeutic targets.
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Microtubule dynamic instability controls podosome patterning in osteoclasts through EB1, cortactin, and Src. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:16-29. [PMID: 24144981 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00578-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In osteoclasts (OCs) podosomes are organized in a belt, a feature critical for bone resorption. Although microtubules (MTs) promote the formation and stability of the belt, the MT and/or podosome molecules that mediate the interaction of the two systems are not identified. Because the growing "plus" ends of MTs point toward the podosome belt, plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) might regulate podosome patterning. Among the +TIPs, EB1 increased as OCs matured and was enriched in the podosome belt, and EB1-positive MTs targeted podosomes. Suppression of MT dynamic instability, displacement of EB1 from MT ends, or EB1 depletion resulted in the loss of the podosome belt. We identified cortactin as an Src-dependent interacting partner of EB1. Cortactin-deficient OCs presented a defective MT targeting to, and patterning of, podosomes and reduced bone resorption. Suppression of MT dynamic instability or EB1 depletion increased cortactin phosphorylation, decreasing its acetylation and affecting its interaction with EB1. Thus, dynamic MTs and podosomes interact to control bone resorption.
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Sobacchi C, Schulz A, Coxon FP, Villa A, Helfrich MH. Osteopetrosis: genetics, treatment and new insights into osteoclast function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2013; 9:522-36. [PMID: 23877423 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteopetrosis is a genetic condition of increased bone mass, which is caused by defects in osteoclast formation and function. Both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms exist, but this Review focuses on autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO), also known as malignant infantile osteopetrosis. The genetic basis of this disease is now largely uncovered: mutations in TCIRG1, CLCN7, OSTM1, SNX10 and PLEKHM1 lead to osteoclast-rich ARO (in which osteoclasts are abundant but have severely impaired resorptive function), whereas mutations in TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11A lead to osteoclast-poor ARO. In osteoclast-rich ARO, impaired endosomal and lysosomal vesicle trafficking results in defective osteoclast ruffled-border formation and, hence, the inability to resorb bone and mineralized cartilage. ARO presents soon after birth and can be fatal if left untreated. However, the disease is heterogeneous in clinical presentation and often misdiagnosed. This article describes the genetics of ARO and discusses the diagnostic role of next-generation sequencing methods. The management of affected patients, including guidelines for the indication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (which can provide a cure for many types of ARO), are outlined. Finally, novel treatments, including preclinical data on in utero stem cell treatment, RANKL replacement therapy and denosumab therapy for hypercalcaemia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sobacchi
- Unit Of Support/Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
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Zhou J, Ye S, Fujiwara T, Manolagas SC, Zhao H. Steap4 plays a critical role in osteoclastogenesis in vitro by regulating cellular iron/reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:30064-30074. [PMID: 23990467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.478750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for osteoclast differentiation, and iron overload in a variety of hematologic diseases is associated with excessive bone resorption. Iron uptake by osteoclast precursors via the transferrin cycle increases mitochondrial biogenesis, reactive oxygen species production, and activation of cAMP response element-binding protein, a critical transcription factor downstream of receptor activator of NF-κB-ligand-induced calcium signaling. These changes are required for the differentiation of osteoclast precursors to mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating cellular iron metabolism in osteoclasts remain largely unknown. In this report, we provide evidence that Steap4, a member of the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (Steap) family proteins, is an endosomal ferrireductase with a critical role in cellular iron utilization in osteoclasts. Specifically, we show that Steap4 is the only Steap family protein that is up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation. Knocking down Steap4 expression in vitro by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNAs inhibits osteoclast formation and decreases cellular ferrous iron, reactive oxygen species, and the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein. These results demonstrate that Steap4 is a critical enzyme for cellular iron uptake and utilization in osteoclasts and, thus, indispensable for osteoclast development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- From the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Shiqiao Ye
- From the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- From the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- From the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Haibo Zhao
- From the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205.
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Lacombe J, Karsenty G, Ferron M. Regulation of lysosome biogenesis and functions in osteoclasts. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2744-52. [PMID: 23966172 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to resorb the mineralized bone extracellular matrix, the osteoclast relies on the generation of a resorption lacuna characterized by the presence of specific proteases and a low pH. Hence, bone resorption by osteoclasts is highly dependent on lysosomes, the organelles specialized in intra- and extracellular material degradation. This is best illustrated by the fact that multiple forms of human osteopetrosis are caused by mutations in genes encoding for lysosomal proteins. Yet, until recently, the molecular mechanisms regulating lysosomal biogenesis and function in osteoclasts were poorly understood. Here we review the latest developments in the study of lysosomal biogenesis and function in osteoclasts with an emphasis on the transcriptional control of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lacombe
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
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FU YINGXIAO, GU JIANHONG, ZHANG YIRAN, TONG XISHUAI, ZHAO HONGYAN, YUAN YAN, LIU XUEZHONG, BIAN JIANCHUN, LIU ZONGPING. Osteoprotegerin influences the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1411-7. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kim H, Hyeon S, Kim H, Yang Y, Huh JY, Park DR, Lee H, Seo DH, Kim HS, Lee SY, Jeong W. Dynein Light Chain LC8 Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Prevents Bone Loss in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1312-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ng PY, Cheng TS, Zhao H, Ye S, Sm Ang E, Khor EC, Feng HT, Xu J, Zheng MH, Pavlos NJ. Disruption of the dynein-dynactin complex unveils motor-specific functions in osteoclast formation and bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:119-34. [PMID: 22887640 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclastic bone resorption requires strict interplay between acidified carrier vesicles, motor proteins, and the underlying cytoskeleton in order to sustain the specialized structural and functional polarization of the ruffled border. Cytoplasmic dynein, a large processive mechanochemical motor comprising heavy, intermediate, and light chains coupled to the dynactin cofactor complex, powers unilateral motility of diverse cargos to microtubule minus-ends. We have recently shown that regulators of the dynein motor complex constitute critical components of the osteoclastic bone resorptive machinery. Here, by selectively modulating endogenous dynein activity, we show that the integrity of the dynein-dynactin motor complex is an essential requirement for both osteoclast formation and function. Systematic dissection of the osteoclast dynein-dynactin complex revealed that it is differentially localized throughout RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and activation, undergoing microtubule-coupled reorganization upon the establishment of cellular polarization. In osteoclasts actively resorbing bone, dynein-dynactin intimately co-localizes with the CAP-Gly domain-containing microtubule plus-end protein CLIP-170 at the resorptive front, thus orientating the ruffled border as a microtubule plus-end domain. Unexpectedly, disruption of the dynein-dynactin complex by exogenous p50/dynamitin expression retards osteoclast formation in vitro, owing largely to prolonged mitotic stasis of osteoclast progenitor cells. More importantly, loss of osteoclastic dynein activity results in a drastic redistribution of key intracellular organelles, including the Golgi and lysosomes, an effect that coincides with impaired cathepsin K secretion and diminished bone resorptive function. Collectively, these data unveil a previously unrecognized role for the dynein-dynactin motor complex in osteoclast formation and function, serving not only to regulate their timely maturation but also the delivery of osteolytic cargo that is essential to the bone resorptive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ying Ng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Wu M, Wang Y, Deng L, Chen W, Li YP. TRAF family member-associated NF-κB activator (TANK) induced by RANKL negatively regulates osteoclasts survival and function. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:1398-407. [PMID: 23139637 PMCID: PMC3492797 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the principle bone-resorbing cells. Precise control of balanced osteoclast activity is indispensable for bone homeostasis. Osteoclast activation mediated by RANK-TRAF6 axis has been clearly identified. However, a negative regulation-machinery in osteoclast remains unclear. TRAF family member-associated NF-κB activator (TANK) is induced by about 10 folds during osteoclastogenesis, according to a genome-wide analysis of gene expression before and after osteoclast maturation, and confirmed by western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) transduced with lentivirus carrying tank-shRNA were induced to form osteoclast in the presence of RANKL and M-CSF. Tank expression was downregulated by 90% by Tank-shRNA, which is confirmed by western blot. Compared with wild-type (WT) cells, osteoclastogenesis of Tank-silenced BMMs was increased, according to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain on day 5 and day 7. Number of bone resorption pits by Tank-silenced osteoclasts was increased by 176% compared with WT cells, as shown by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) stain and scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis. Survival rate of Tank-silenced mature osteoclast is also increased. However, acid production of Tank-knockdown cells was not changed compared with control cells. IκBα phosphorylation is increased in tank-silenced cells, indicating that TANK may negatively regulate NF-κB activity in osteoclast. In conclusion, Tank, whose expression is increased during osteoclastogenesis, inhibits osteoclast formation, activity and survival, by regulating NF-κB activity and c-FLIP expression. Tank enrolls itself in a negative feedback loop in bone resorption. These results may provide means for therapeutic intervention in diseases of excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- 1. Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 810, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham AL 35294-2182, USA
- 2. Institute of Genetics, Life Science College, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wang
- 1. Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 810, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham AL 35294-2182, USA
- 2. Institute of Genetics, Life Science College, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- 3. Shanghai Key laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R.China
| | - Wei Chen
- 1. Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 810, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- 1. Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 810, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham AL 35294-2182, USA
- 2. Institute of Genetics, Life Science College, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Zhao H. Membrane trafficking in osteoblasts and osteoclasts: new avenues for understanding and treating skeletal diseases. Traffic 2012; 13:1307-14. [PMID: 22759194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2012.01395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endocytic and exocytic/secretory pathways are two major intracellular membrane trafficking routes that regulate numerous cellular functions in a variety of cell types. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts, two major bone cells responsible for bone remodeling and homeostasis, are no exceptions. During the past few years, emerging evidence has pinpointed a critical role for endocytic and secretory pathways in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function. The endosomal membrane provides a platform to integrate bone tropic signals of hormones and growth factors in osteoblasts. In osteoclasts, endocytosis, followed by transcytosis, of degraded bone matrix promotes bone resorption. Secretory pathways, especially lysosome secretion, not only participate in bone matrix deposition by osteoblasts and degradation of mineralized bone matrix by osteoclasts; they may also be involved in the coupling of bone resorption and bone formation during bone remodeling. More importantly, mutations in genes encoding regulatory factors within the endocytic and secretory pathways have been identified as causes for bone diseases. Identification of the molecular mechanisms of these genes in bone cells may provide new therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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