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Tiedemann R, Riesch R, Tomowski M, Havenstein K, Schlupp J, Berbel-Filho WM, Schlupp I. Genetic and phenotypic diversification in a widespread fish, the Sailfin Molly (Poecilia latipinna). BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:87. [PMID: 38951779 PMCID: PMC11218414 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Widespread species often experience significant environmental clines over the area they naturally occupy. We investigated a widespread livebearing fish, the Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) combining genetic, life-history, and environmental data, asking how structured populations are. Sailfin mollies can be found in coastal freshwater and brackish habitats from roughly Tampico, Veracruz in Mexico to Wilmington, North Carolina, in the USA. In addition, they are found inland on the Florida peninsula. Using microsatellite DNA, we genotyped 168 individuals from 18 populations covering most of the natural range of the Sailfin molly. We further determined standard life-history parameters for both males and females for these populations. Finally, we measured biotic and abiotic parameters in the field. We found six distinct genetic clusters based on microsatellite data, with very strong indication of isolation by distance. However, we also found significant numbers of migrants between adjacent populations. Despite genetic structuring we did not find evidence of cryptic speciation. The genetic clusters and the migration patterns do not match paleodrainages. Life histories vary between populations but not in a way that is easy to interpret. We suggest a role of humans in migration in the sailfin molly, for example in the form of a ship channel that connects southern Texas with Louisiana which might be a conduit for fish migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Maxi Tomowski
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Havenstein
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Schlupp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Amazon, amazon.com, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Waldir Miron Berbel-Filho
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- International Stock Center for Livebearing Fishes, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- International Stock Center for Livebearing Fishes, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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2
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Pacher K, Hernández-Román N, Juarez-Lopez A, Jiménez-Jiménez JE, Lukas J, Sevinchan Y, Krause J, Arias-Rodríguez L, Bierbach D. Thermal tolerance in an extremophile fish from Mexico is not affected by environmental hypoxia. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060223. [PMID: 38314873 PMCID: PMC10868586 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermal ecology of ectotherm animals has gained considerable attention in the face of human-induced climate change. Particularly in aquatic species, the experimental assessment of critical thermal limits (CTmin and CTmax) may help to predict possible effects of global warming on habitat suitability and ultimately species survival. Here we present data on the thermal limits of two endemic and endangered extremophile fish species, inhabiting a geothermally heated and sulfur-rich spring system in southern Mexico: The sulfur molly (Poecilia sulphuraria) and the widemouth gambusia (Gambusia eurystoma). Besides physiological challenges induced by toxic hydrogen sulfide and related severe hypoxia during the day, water temperatures have been previously reported to exceed those of nearby clearwater streams. We now present temperature data for various locations and years in the sulfur spring complex and conducted laboratory thermal tolerance tests (CTmin and CTmax) both under normoxic and severe hypoxic conditions in both species. Average CTmax limits did not differ between species when dissolved oxygen was present. However, critical temperature (CTmax=43.2°C) in P. sulphuraria did not change when tested under hypoxic conditions, while G. eurystoma on average had a lower CTmax when oxygen was absent. Based on this data we calculated both species' thermal safety margins and used a TDT (thermal death time) model framework to relate our experimental data to observed temperatures in the natural habitat. Our findings suggest that both species live near their thermal limits during the annual dry season and are locally already exposed to temperatures above their critical thermal limits. We discuss these findings in the light of possible physiological adaptions of the sulfur-adapted fish species and the anthropogenic threats for this unique system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Pacher
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12487 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Hernández-Román
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma Tabasco, 86150 Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Juarez-Lopez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma Tabasco, 86150 Villahermosa, Mexico
| | | | - Juliane Lukas
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12487 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yunus Sevinchan
- Science of intelligence cluster has the state of a department at TU Berlin, Excellence Cluster Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Krause
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12487 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Science of intelligence cluster has the state of a department at TU Berlin, Excellence Cluster Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lenin Arias-Rodríguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma Tabasco, 86150 Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - David Bierbach
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12487 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Science of intelligence cluster has the state of a department at TU Berlin, Excellence Cluster Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Oliveira MFS, Rocha LIQ, Dias LC, de Moura CEB, Vogt RC, Magalhães MS. Embryonic development of Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-022-00571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
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4
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Zhou L, Ouyang X, Zhao Y, Gomes-Silva G, Segura-Muñoz SI, Jourdan J, Riesch R, Plath M. Invasive fish retain plasticity of naturally selected, but diverge in sexually selected traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152386. [PMID: 34915006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Invasive alien species (IAS) have become a major threat to ecosystems worldwide. From an evolutionary ecological perspective, they allow teasing apart the relative contributions of plasticity and evolutionary divergence in driving rapid phenotypic diversification. When IAS spread across extensive geographic ranges, climatic variation may represent a source of strong natural selection through overwinter mortality and summer heat stress. This could favour local adaptation, i.e., evolutionary divergence of certain traits. IAS, however, are likely to show plasticity in survival-related traits, and environmental fluctuation in their new distribution range could favour the maintenance of this pre-existing phenotypic plasticity. By contrast, sexually selected traits are more likely to undergo evolutionary divergence when components of sexual selection differ geographically. Here, using data from a common-garden rearing experiment of Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard, 1853) from five populations across the species' invasive range in China, we show that invasive mosquitofish have retained plasticity in key physiological (thermal tolerances), morphological and life-history traits even 100 years after their introduction to China, but exhibit heritable population differences in several sexually selected traits, including the shape of the male copulatory organ. Adaptive plasticity of traits linked to immediate survival in different thermal environments-while likely responsible for the species' extraordinary invasion success-could slow down genetic evolution. Several sexually selected traits could diverge geographically and show rapid evolutionary change, e.g., because climate alters selective landscapes arising from mate competition as an indirect consequence of variation in overwinter mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Xu Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Guilherme Gomes-Silva
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Inés Segura-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - Martin Plath
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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6
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Santi F, Vella E, Jeffress K, Deacon A, Riesch R. Phenotypic responses to oil pollution in a poeciliid fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118023. [PMID: 34461415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollution damages ecosystems around the globe and some forms of pollution, like oil pollution, can be either man-made or derived from natural sources. Despite the pervasiveness of oil pollution, certain organisms are able to colonise polluted or toxic environments, yet we only have a limited understanding of how they are affected by it. Here, we analysed phenotypic responses to oil pollution in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) living in oil-polluted habitats across southern Trinidad. We analysed body-shape and life-history traits for 352 individuals from 11 independent populations, six living in oil-polluted environments (including the naturally oil-polluted Pitch Lake), and five stemming from non-polluted habitats. Based on theory of, and previous studies on, responses to environmental stressors, we predicted guppies from oil-polluted waters to have larger heads and shallower bodies, to be smaller, to invest more into reproduction, and to produce more but smaller offspring compared to guppies from non-polluted habitats. Contrary to most of our predictions, we uncovered strong population-specific variation regardless of the presence of oil pollution. Moreover, guppies from oil-polluted habitats were characterised by increased body size; rounder, deeper bodies with increased head size; and increased offspring size, when compared to their counterparts from non-polluted sites. This suggests that guppies in oil-polluted environments are not only subject to the direct negative effects of oil pollution, but might gain some (indirect) benefits from other concomitant environmental factors, such as reduced predation and reduced parasite load. Our results extend our knowledge of organismal responses to oil pollution and highlight the importance of anthropogenic pollution as a source of environmental variation. They also emphasise the understudied ecological heterogeneity of extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Santi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK.
| | - Emily Vella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Katherine Jeffress
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Amy Deacon
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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7
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Mousavi SE, Patil JG. Stages of embryonic development in the live-bearing fish, Gambusia holbrooki. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:287-320. [PMID: 34139034 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Divergent morphology and placentation of Poeciliids make them suitable model for investigating how evolutionary selection has altered and conserved the developmental mechanisms. However, there is limited description of their embryonic staging, despite representing a key evolutionary node that shares developmental strategy with placental vertebrates. Here, we describe the embryonic developmental stages of Gambusia holbrooki from zygote to parturition using freshly harvested embryos. RESULTS We defined 40 embryonic stages using a numbered (stages 0-39; zygote to parturition, respectively) and named (grouped into seven periods, ie, zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, and parturition) staging system. Two sets of quantitative (ie, egg diameter, embryonic total length, otic vesicle closure index, heart rates, the number of caudal fin rays and elements) and qualitative (ie, three-dimensional analysis of images and key morphological criteria) data were acquired and used in combination to describe each stage. All 40 stages are separated by well-defined morphological traits, revealing developmental novelties that are influenced by narrow perivitelline space, placentation, internal gestation, and sex differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The principal diagnostic features described are quick, reliable, and easy to apply. This system will benefit researchers investigating molecular ontogeny, particularly sexual differentiation mechanisms in G. holbrooki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ehsan Mousavi
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jawahar G Patil
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia.,Inland Fisheries Service, New Norfolk, Tasmania, Australia
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Santi F, Riesch R, Baier J, Grote M, Hornung S, Jüngling H, Plath M, Jourdan J. A century later: Adaptive plasticity and rapid evolution contribute to geographic variation in invasive mosquitofish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:137908. [PMID: 32481217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One century after their introduction to Europe, eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) represent a natural experiment to determine the relative contributions of adaptive plasticity and rapid evolutionary change in creating large-scale geographic variation in phenotypes. We evaluated the population-genetic structure and invasion history based on allele length polymorphisms of 15 nuclear microsatellites, which we quantified for N = 660 individuals from 23 populations sampled in 2013 across the invasive range of G. holbrooki in Europe. We analysed body-shape and life-history variation in N = 1331 individuals from 36 populations, sampled in 2013 and 2017, and tested heritability of phenotypic differences in a subset of four populations using a common-garden experiment. The genetic structure of wild-caught individuals suggested a single introduction for all European mosquitofish, which were genetically impoverished compared to their native counterparts. We found some convergent patterns of phenotypic divergence across native and invasive climatic gradients (e.g., increased body size in colder/more northern populations); however, several phenotypic responses were not consistent between sampling years, pointing towards plastic phenotypes. Our analysis of common-garden reared individuals uncovered moderate heritability estimates only for two measures of male body size (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.628 and 0.556) and offspring fat content (ICC = 0.734), while suggesting high levels of plasticity in most other phenotypic traits (ICC ≤ 0.407). Our results highlight the importance of phenotypic plasticity in invasive species during range expansions and demonstrate that strong selective pressures-in this case towards increased body size in colder environments-simultaneously promote rapid evolutionary divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Santi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jasmin Baier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michaela Grote
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Hornung
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hannah Jüngling
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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9
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Gao J, Santi F, Zhou L, Wang X, Riesch R, Plath M. Geographical and temporal variation of multiple paternity in invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki, Gambusia affinis). Mol Ecol 2019; 28:5315-5329. [PMID: 31677202 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple paternity (MP) increases offspring's genetic variability, which could be linked to invasive species' evolvability in novel distribution ranges. Shifts in MP can be adaptive, with greater MP in harsher/colder environments or towards the end of the reproductive season, but climate could also affect MP indirectly via its effect on reproductive life histories. We tested these hypotheses by genotyping N = 2,903 offspring from N = 306 broods of two closely related livebearing fishes, Gambusia holbrooki and Gambusia affinis. We sampled pregnant females across latitudinal gradients in their invasive ranges in Europe and China, and found more sires per brood and a greater reproductive skew towards northern sampling sites. Moreover, examining monthly sampling from two G. affinis populations, we found MP rates to vary across the reproductive season in a northern Chinese, but not in a southern Chinese population. While our results confirm an increase of MP in harsher/more unpredictable environments, path analysis indicated that, in both cases, the effects of climate are likely to be indirect, mediated by altered life histories. In both species, which rank amongst the 100 most invasive species worldwide, higher MP at the northern edge of their distribution probably increases their invasive potential and favours range expansions, especially in light of the predicted temperature increases due to global climate changes.
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10
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Santi F, Bierbach D, Schartl M, Riesch R. Life histories of guppies (Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1869; Poeciliidae) from the Pitch Lake in Trinidad. CARIBB J SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v49i2.a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Santi
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - David Bierbach
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Hagler Institute for Advanced Studies and Department of Biology, Texas A&M Un
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
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11
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Torres-Dowdall J, Karagic N, Plath M, Riesch R. Evolution in caves: selection from darkness causes spinal deformities in teleost fishes. Biol Lett 2019; 14:rsbl.2018.0197. [PMID: 29875208 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Only few fish species have successfully colonized subterranean habitats, but the underlying biological constraints associated with this are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the influence of permanent darkness on spinal-column development in one species (Midas cichlid, Amphilophus citrinellus) with no known cave form, and one (Atlantic molly, Poecilia mexicana) with two phylogenetically young cave forms. Specifically, fish were reared under a normal light : dark cycle or in permanent darkness (both species). We also surveyed wild-caught cave and surface ecotypes of P. mexicana In both species, permanent darkness was associated with significantly higher rates of spinal deformities (especially in A. citrinellus). This suggests strong developmental (intrinsic) constraints on the successful colonization of subterranean environments in teleost fishes and might help explain the relative paucity of cave-adapted lineages. Our results add depth to our understanding of the aspects of selection driving trait divergence and maintaining reproductive isolation in cave faunas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Torres-Dowdall
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nidal Karagic
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
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12
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Santi F, Petry AC, Plath M, Riesch R. Phenotypic differentiation in a heterogeneous environment: morphological and life‐history responses to ecological gradients in a livebearing fish. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Santi
- School of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - A. C. Petry
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentatibilidade – NUPEM Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ Macaé Brazil
| | - M. Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - R. Riesch
- School of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
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13
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Guzmán‐Bárcenas MG, Uribe MC. Superfetation in the viviparous fish
Heterandria formosa
(Poeciliidae). J Morphol 2019; 280:756-770. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Guzmán‐Bárcenas
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción AnimalUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Mari Carmen Uribe
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción AnimalUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
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14
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Hydrogen sulphide toxicity and the importance of amphibious behaviour in a mangrove fish inhabiting sulphide-rich habitats. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:223-235. [PMID: 30719531 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated amphibious behaviour, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) tolerance, and the mechanism of H2S toxicity in the amphibious mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus). We found that fish emersed (left water) in response to acutely elevated [H2S] (~ 130-200 µmol l-1). The emersion response to H2S may be influenced by prior acclimation history due to acclimation-induced alterations in gill morphology and/or the density and size of neuroepithelial cells (NECs) on the gills and skin. Thus, we acclimated fish to water (control), H2S-rich water, or air and tested the hypotheses that acclimation history influences H2S sensitivity due to acclimation-induced changes in (i) gill surface area and/or (ii) NEC density and/or size. Air-acclimated fish emersed at significantly lower [H2S] relative to fish acclimated to control or H2S-rich water, but exhibited no change in gill surface area or in NEC density or size in the gills or skin. Despite possessing exceptional H2S tolerance, all fish lost equilibrium when unable to emerse from environments containing extremely elevated [H2S] (2272 ± 46 µmol l-1). Consequently, we tested the hypothesis that impaired blood oxygen transport (i.e., sulphemoglobin formation) causes H2S toxicity in amphibious fishes. In vitro exposure of red blood cells to physiologically relevant [H2S] did not cause a substantial increase in sulphemoglobin formation. We found evidence, however, for an alternative hypothesis that H2S toxicity is caused by impaired oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., cytochrome c oxidase inhibition). Collectively, our results show that amphibious behaviour is critical for the survival of K. marmoratus in H2S-rich environments as fish experience impaired oxidative phosphorylation when unable to emerse.
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15
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Riesch R, Martin RA, Diamond SE, Jourdan J, Plath M, Brian Langerhans R. Thermal regime drives a latitudinal gradient in morphology and life history in a livebearing fish. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Riesch
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Ryan A Martin
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah E Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - R Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Sciences & W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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16
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Ouyang X, Gao J, Xie M, Liu B, Zhou L, Chen B, Jourdan J, Riesch R, Plath M. Natural and sexual selection drive multivariate phenotypic divergence along climatic gradients in an invasive fish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11164. [PMID: 30042477 PMCID: PMC6057953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species that rapidly spread throughout novel distribution ranges are prime models to investigate climate-driven phenotypic diversification on a contemporary scale. Previous studies on adaptive diversification along latitudinal gradients in fish have mainly considered body size and reported either increased or decreased body size towards higher latitudes (i.e. Bergmann's rule). Our study is the first to investigate phenotypic divergence in multiple traits, including sexually selected traits (size and shape of the male copulatory organ, the gonopodium) of invasive Gambusia affinis in China. We studied body size, life history traits and morphological variation across populations spanning 17 degrees of latitude and 16 degrees of longitude. Even though we found phenotypic variation along climatic gradients to be strongest in naturally selected traits, some sexually selected traits also showed systematic gradual divergence. For example, males from southern populations possessed wider gonopodia with increased armament. Generally, males and females diverged in response to different components of climatic gradients (latitudinal or longitudinal variation) and in different trait suites. We discuss that not only temperature regimes, but also indirect effects of increased resource and mate competition (as a function of different extrinsic overwinter mortality rates) alter the selective landscape along climatic gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Meifeng Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Binghua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Bojian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
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17
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Scherer U, Tiedemann R, Schlupp I. Male size, not female preferences influence female reproductive success in a poeciliid fish (Poecilia latipinna): a combined behavioural/genetic approach. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:364. [PMID: 29884214 PMCID: PMC5994011 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the potential role of indirect benefits for female mate preferences in a highly promiscuous species of live-bearing fishes, the sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna using an integrative approach that combines methods from animal behavior, life-history evolution, and genetics. Males of this species solely contribute sperm for reproduction, and consequently females do not receive any direct benefits. Despite this, females typically show clear mate preferences. It has been suggested that females can increase their reproductive success through indirect benefits from choosing males of higher quality. Results Although preferences for large body size have been recorded as an honest signal for genetic quality, this particular study resulted in female preference being unaffected by male body size. Nonetheless, larger males did sire more offspring, but with no effect on offspring quality. This study presents a methodical innovation by combining preference testing with life history measurements—such as the determination of the dry weight of fish embryos—and paternity analyses on single fish embryos. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3487-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Scherer
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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18
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Uribe MC, Grier HJ. Insemination, intrafollicular fertilization and development of the fertilization plug during gestation in Heterandria formosa
(Poeciliidae). J Morphol 2018; 279:970-980. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México México
| | - Harry J. Grier
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Fish and Wildlife Research Institute; Saint Petersburg Florida
- Division of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC
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19
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Shared and unique patterns of phenotypic diversification along a stream gradient in two congeneric species. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38971. [PMID: 27982114 PMCID: PMC5159898 DOI: 10.1038/srep38971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stream ecosystems show gradual variation of various selection factors, which can result in a zonation of species distributions and gradient evolution of morphological and life-history traits within species. Identifying the selective agents underlying such phenotypic evolution is challenging as different species could show shared and/or unique (species-specific) responses to components of the river gradient. We studied a stream gradient inhabited by two mosquitofishes (genus Gambusia) in the Río Grijalva basin in southern Mexico and found a patchy distribution pattern of both congeners along a stretch of 100 km, whereby one species was usually dominant at a given site. We uncovered both shared and unique patterns of diversification: some components of the stream gradient, including differences in piscine predation pressure, drove shared patterns of phenotypic divergence, especially in females. Other components of the gradient, particularly abiotic factors (max. annual temperature and temperature range) resulted in unique patterns of divergence, especially in males. Our study highlights the complexity of selective regimes in stream ecosystems. It exemplifies that even closely related, congeneric species can respond in unique ways to the same components of the river gradient and shows how both sexes can exhibit quite different patterns of divergence in multivariate phenotypic character suites.
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20
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Riesch R, Tobler M, Lerp H, Jourdan J, Doumas T, Nosil P, Langerhans RB, Plath M. Extremophile Poeciliidae: multivariate insights into the complexity of speciation along replicated ecological gradients. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:136. [PMID: 27334284 PMCID: PMC4918007 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Replicate population pairs that diverge in response to similar selective regimes allow for an investigation of (a) whether phenotypic traits diverge in a similar and predictable fashion, (b) whether there is gradual variation in phenotypic divergence reflecting variation in the strength of natural selection among populations, (c) whether the extent of this divergence is correlated between multiple character suites (i.e., concerted evolution), and (d) whether gradual variation in phenotypic divergence predicts the degree of reproductive isolation, pointing towards a role for adaptation as a driver of (ecological) speciation. Here, we use poeciliid fishes of the genera Gambusia and Poecilia that have repeatedly evolved extremophile lineages able to tolerate high and sustained levels of toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to answer these questions. Results We investigated evolutionary divergence in response to H2S in Gambusia spp. (and to a lesser extent Poecilia spp.) using a multivariate approach considering the interplay of life history, body shape, and population genetics (nuclear miscrosatellites to infer population genetic differentiation as a proxy for reproductive isolation). We uncovered both shared and unique patterns of evolution: most extremophile Gambusia predictably evolved larger heads and offspring size, matching a priori predictions for adaptation to sulfidic waters, while variation in adult life histories was idiosyncratic. When investigating patterns for both genera (Gambusia and Poecilia), we found that divergence in offspring-related life histories and body shape were positively correlated across populations, but evidence for individual-level associations between the two character suites was limited, suggesting that genetic linkage, developmental interdependencies, or pleiotropic effects do not explain patterns of concerted evolution. We further found that phenotypic divergence was positively correlated with both environmental H2S-concentration and neutral genetic differentiation (a proxy for gene flow). Conclusions Our results suggest that higher toxicity exerts stronger selection, and that divergent selection appears to constrain gene flow, supporting a scenario of ecological speciation. Nonetheless, progress toward ecological speciation was variable, partially reflecting variation in the strength of divergent selection, highlighting the complexity of selective regimes even in natural systems that are seemingly governed by a single, strong selective agent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0705-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Riesch
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK. .,Department of Biological Sciences & W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA.
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Hannes Lerp
- Natural History Collections, Museum Wiesbaden, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 2, 65185, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Evolutionary Ecology Group, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Tess Doumas
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Patrik Nosil
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - R Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Sciences & W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
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21
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Schulz‐Mirbach T, Eifert C, Riesch R, Farnworth MS, Zimmer C, Bierbach D, Klaus S, Tobler M, Streit B, Indy JR, Arias‐Rodriguez L, Plath M. Toxic hydrogen sulphide shapes brain anatomy: a comparative study of sulphide‐adapted ecotypes in the
Poecilia mexicana
complex. J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Schulz‐Mirbach
- Department Biology II Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| | - C. Eifert
- Ecology and Evolution J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - R. Riesch
- School of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - M. S. Farnworth
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - C. Zimmer
- Ecology and Evolution J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - D. Bierbach
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany
| | - S. Klaus
- Ecology and Evolution J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - M. Tobler
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA
| | - B. Streit
- Ecology and Evolution J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - J. R. Indy
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT) Villahermosa Tabasco México
| | - L. Arias‐Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT) Villahermosa Tabasco México
| | - M. Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
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22
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Ho ALFC, Pruett CL, Lin J. Phylogeny and biogeography of Poecilia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliinae) across Central and South America based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 101:32-45. [PMID: 27129899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Poeciliids are a diverse group of small Neotropical fishes, and despite considerable research attention as models in ecology and evolutionary biology, our understanding of their biogeographic and phylogenetic relationships is still limited. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of South and Central American Poecilia, by examining 2395 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (ATPase 8/6, COI) and nuclear DNA (S7) for 18 species across six subgenera. Fifty-eight novel sequences were acquired from newly collected specimens and 20 sequences were obtained from previously published material. Analyses of concatenated and partitioned mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sets resulted in a well-supported phylogeny that resolved several monophyletic groups corresponding to previously hypothesized subgenera and species complexes. A divergence-dating analysis supported the hypothesis of the genus Poecilia dispersing into Central America in the early Pliocene (ancestors of Psychropoecilia+Allopoecilia+Mollienesia: 7.3-2.0Mya) from predominantly South America. Subsequently, one lineage (subgenus Allopoecilia: 5.1-1.3Mya) expanded deeper into South America from Lower-Central America, and one lineage expanded from Nuclear-Central America into South America (subgenus Mollienesia: 0.71-0.14Mya). The subgenus Mollienesia diverged into three monophyletic groups that can be identified by nuptial male dorsal fin morphology and inner jaw dentition. A subclade of the unicuspid short-fins (subgenus Mollienesia) was the lineage that expanded into South America during the middle Pleistocene. Species in this subclade are now distributed across northern South America, where they are partially sympatric with Allopoecilia. However the P. (A.) caucana complex was not monophyletic, with P. (A.) wandae clustering in the Mollienesia subclade that expanded into South America. It is apparent that characters (body size, scale count, pigmentation, and gonopodium morphology) used to define the P. (A.) caucana complex are homoplastic and suggestive of rapid convergence in northern South America. Our improved taxon sampling and divergence-time calibration allowed for insights into the timing and direction of dispersals, and provides an improved understanding of the biogeographic history of an enigmatic group of fishes. Furthermore, we provided strong evidence for the monophyly of the subgenus Mollienesia and further substantiated its species complexes; therefore, we advise a taxonomic re-evaluation for the P. (A.) caucana complex to maintain monophyly of both Mollienesia and Allopoecilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeljean L F C Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
| | - Christin L Pruett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Junda Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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23
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Riesch R, Easter T, Layman CA, Langerhans RB. Rapid human-induced divergence of life-history strategies in Bahamian livebearing fishes (family Poeciliidae). J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1732-43. [PMID: 26237432 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) can have dramatic impacts on ecosystems, leading to rapid trait changes in some organisms and extinction in others. Such changes in traits signify that human actions can lead to cases of increased phenotypic diversity and consequently can strongly impact population-, community- and ecosystem-level dynamics. Here, we examine whether the ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation have led to changes in the life histories of three native species of mosquitofish (Gambusia spp.) inhabiting tidal creeks on six different Bahamian islands. We address two important questions: (i) How predictable and parallel are life-history changes in response to HIREC across islands and species, and (ii) what is the relative importance of shared (i.e. parallel) responses to fragmentation, differences between species or islands and species- or island-specific responses to fragmentation? Phenotypic differences between fragmentation regimes were as great or greater than differences between species or islands. While some adult life histories (lean weight and fat content) showed strong, shared responses to fragmentation, offspring-related life histories (embryo fat and fecundity) exhibited idiosyncratic, island-specific responses. While shared responses to fragmentation appeared largely driven by a reduction in piscivorous fish density, increased conspecific density and changes in salinity, we found some evidence that among-population variation in male reproductive investment and embryo fat content may have arisen via variation in conspecific density. Our results suggest that phenotypic responses to HIREC can be complex, with the predictability of response varying across traits. We therefore emphasize the need for more theoretical and empirical work to better understand the predictability of phenotypic responses to human-induced disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Riesch
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Tara Easter
- Department of Biological Sciences, W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA
- Center for Biological Diversity, PO Box 11374, Portland, OR, 97211-0374, USA
| | - Craig A Layman
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA
| | - Randall Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Sciences, W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA
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24
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Riesch R, Plath M, Schlupp I, Tobler M, Brian Langerhans R. Colonisation of toxic environments drives predictable life-history evolution in livebearing fishes (Poeciliidae). Ecol Lett 2013; 17:65-71. [PMID: 24188245 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
New World livebearing fishes (family Poeciliidae) have repeatedly colonised toxic, hydrogen sulphide-rich waters across their natural distribution. Physiological considerations and life-history theory predict that these adverse conditions should favour the evolution of larger offspring. Here, we examined nine poeciliid species that independently colonised toxic environments, and show that these fishes have indeed repeatedly evolved much larger offspring size at birth in sulphidic waters, thus uncovering a widespread pattern of predictable evolution. However, a second pattern, only indirectly predicted by theory, proved additionally common: a reduction in the number of offspring carried per clutch (i.e. lower fecundity). Our analyses reveal that this secondary pattern represents a mere consequence of a classic life-history trade-off combined with strong selection on offspring size alone. With such strong natural selection in extreme environments, extremophile organisms may commonly exhibit multivariate phenotypic shifts even though not all diverging traits necessarily represent adaptations to the extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences & W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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25
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Gradient evolution of body colouration in surface- and cave-dwelling Poecilia mexicana and the role of phenotype-assortative female mate choice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:148348. [PMID: 24175282 PMCID: PMC3794506 DOI: 10.1155/2013/148348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ecological speciation assumes reproductive isolation to be the product of ecologically based divergent selection. Beside natural selection, sexual selection via phenotype-assortative mating is thought to promote reproductive isolation. Using the neotropical fish Poecilia mexicana from a system that has been described to undergo incipient ecological speciation in adjacent, but ecologically divergent habitats characterized by the presence or absence of toxic H2S and darkness in cave habitats, we demonstrate a gradual change in male body colouration along the gradient of light/darkness, including a reduction of ornaments that are under both inter- and intrasexual selection in surface populations. In dichotomous choice tests using video-animated stimuli, we found surface females to prefer males from their own population over the cave phenotype. However, female cave fish, observed on site via infrared techniques, preferred to associate with surface males rather than size-matched cave males, likely reflecting the female preference for better-nourished (in this case: surface) males. Hence, divergent selection on body colouration indeed translates into phenotype-assortative mating in the surface ecotype, by selecting against potential migrant males. Female cave fish, by contrast, do not have a preference for the resident male phenotype, identifying natural selection against migrants imposed by the cave environment as the major driver of the observed reproductive isolation.
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26
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Rétaux S, Casane D. Evolution of eye development in the darkness of caves: adaptation, drift, or both? EvoDevo 2013; 4:26. [PMID: 24079393 PMCID: PMC3849642 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-4-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals inhabiting the darkness of caves are generally blind and de-pigmented, regardless of the phylum they belong to. Survival in this environment is an enormous challenge, the most obvious being to find food and mates without the help of vision, and the loss of eyes in cave animals is often accompanied by an enhancement of other sensory apparatuses. Here we review the recent literature describing developmental biology and molecular evolution studies in order to discuss the evolutionary mechanisms underlying adaptation to life in the dark. We conclude that both genetic drift (neutral hypothesis) and direct and indirect selection (selective hypothesis) occurred together during the loss of eyes in cave animals. We also identify some future directions of research to better understand adaptation to total darkness, for which integrative analyses relying on evo-devo approaches associated with thorough ecological and population genomic studies should shed some light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rétaux
- DECA group, Neurobiology & Development Laboratory, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Didier Casane
- LEGS, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
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27
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Plath M, Pfenninger M, Lerp H, Riesch R, Eschenbrenner C, Slattery PA, Bierbach D, Herrmann N, Schulte M, Arias-Rodriguez L, Rimber Indy J, Passow C, Tobler M. Genetic differentiation and selection against migrants in evolutionarily replicated extreme environments. Evolution 2013; 67:2647-61. [PMID: 24033173 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated mechanisms of reproductive isolation in livebearing fishes (genus Poecilia) inhabiting sulfidic and nonsulfidic habitats in three replicate river drainages. Although sulfide spring fish convergently evolved divergent phenotypes, it was unclear if mechanisms of reproductive isolation also evolved convergently. Using microsatellites, we found strongly reduced gene flow between adjacent populations from different habitat types, suggesting that local adaptation to sulfidic habitats repeatedly caused the emergence of reproductive isolation. Reciprocal translocation experiments indicate strong selection against immigrants into sulfidic waters, but also variation among drainages in the strength of selection against immigrants into nonsulfidic waters. Mate choice experiments revealed the evolution of assortative mating preferences in females from nonsulfidic but not from sulfidic habitats. The inferred strength of sexual selection against immigrants (RI(s)) was negatively correlated with the strength of natural selection (RI(m)), a pattern that could be attributed to reinforcement, whereby natural selection strengthens behavioral isolation due to reduced hybrid fitness. Overall, reproductive isolation and genetic differentiation appear to be replicated and direct consequences of local adaptation to sulfide spring environments, but the relative contributions of different mechanisms of reproductive isolation vary across these evolutionarily independent replicates, highlighting both convergent and nonconvergent evolutionary trajectories of populations in each drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Plath
- J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Evolutionary Ecology Group, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt, a. M., Germany.
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28
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Bierbach D, Makowicz AM, Schlupp I, Geupel H, Streit B, Plath M. Casanovas are liars: behavioral syndromes, sperm competition risk, and the evolution of deceptive male mating behavior in live-bearing fishes. F1000Res 2013; 2:75. [PMID: 24627773 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.2-75.v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive biology can by characterized through competition over mates as well as mate choice. Multiple mating and male mate choice copying, especially in internally fertilizing species, set the stage for increased sperm competition, i.e., sperm of two or more males can compete for fertilization of the female's ova. In the internally fertilizing fish Poecilia mexicana, males respond to the presence of rivals with reduced expression of mating preferences (audience effect), thereby lowering the risk of by-standing rivals copying their mate choice. Also, males interact initially more with a non-preferred female when observed by a rival, which has been interpreted in previous studies as a strategy to mislead rivals, again reducing sperm competition risk (SCR). Nevertheless, species might differ consistently in their expression of aggressive and reproductive behaviors, possibly due to varying levels of SCR. In the current study, we present a unique data set comprising ten poeciliid species (in two cases including multiple populations) and ask whether species can be characterized through consistent differences in the expression of aggression, sexual activity and changes in mate choice under increased SCR. We found consistent species-specific differences in aggressive behavior, sexual activity as well as in the level of misleading behavior, while decreased preference expression under increased SCR was a general feature of all but one species examined. Furthermore, mean sexual activity correlated positively with the occurrence of potentially misleading behavior. An alternative explanation for audience effects would be that males attempt to avoid aggressive encounters, which would predict stronger audience effects in more aggressive species. We demonstrate a positive correlation between mean aggressiveness and sexual activity (suggesting a hormonal link as a mechanistic explanation), but did not detect a correlation between aggressiveness and audience effects. Suites of correlated behavioral tendencies are termed behavioral syndromes, and our present study provides correlational evidence for the evolutionary significance of SCR in shaping a behavioral syndrome at the species level across poeciliid taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bierbach
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany ; Current address: Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amber M Makowicz
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Holger Geupel
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
| | - Bruno Streit
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
| | - Martin Plath
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
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Riesch R, Martin RA, Langerhans RB. Predation’s Role in Life-History Evolution of a Livebearing Fish and a Test of the Trexler-DeAngelis Model of Maternal Provisioning. Am Nat 2013; 181:78-93. [DOI: 10.1086/668597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bierbach D, Makowicz AM, Schlupp I, Geupel H, Streit B, Plath M. Casanovas are liars: behavioral syndromes, sperm competition risk, and the evolution of deceptive male mating behavior in live-bearing fishes. F1000Res 2013; 2:75. [PMID: 24627773 PMCID: PMC3917653 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.2-75.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive biology can by characterized through competition over mates as well as mate choice. Multiple mating and male mate choice copying, especially in internally fertilizing species, set the stage for increased sperm competition, i.e., sperm of two or more males can compete for fertilization of the female’s ova. In the internally fertilizing fish
Poecilia mexicana, males respond to the presence of rivals with reduced expression of mating preferences (audience effect), thereby lowering the risk of by-standing rivals copying their mate choice. Also, males interact initially more with a non-preferred female when observed by a rival, which has been interpreted in previous studies as a strategy to mislead rivals, again reducing sperm competition risk (SCR). Nevertheless, species might differ consistently in their expression of aggressive and reproductive behaviors, possibly due to varying levels of SCR. In the current study, we present a unique data set comprising ten poeciliid species (in two cases including multiple populations) and ask whether species can be characterized through consistent differences in the expression of aggression, sexual activity and changes in mate choice under increased SCR. We found consistent species-specific differences in aggressive behavior, sexual activity as well as in the level of misleading behavior, while decreased preference expression under increased SCR was a general feature of all but one species examined. Furthermore, mean sexual activity correlated positively with the occurrence of potentially misleading behavior. An alternative explanation for audience effects would be that males attempt to avoid aggressive encounters, which would predict stronger audience effects in more aggressive species. We demonstrate a positive correlation between mean aggressiveness and sexual activity (suggesting a hormonal link as a mechanistic explanation), but did not detect a correlation between aggressiveness and audience effects. Suites of correlated behavioral tendencies are termed behavioral syndromes, and our present study provides correlational evidence for the evolutionary significance of SCR in shaping a behavioral syndrome at the species level across poeciliid taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bierbach
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany ; Current address: Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amber M Makowicz
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Holger Geupel
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
| | - Bruno Streit
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
| | - Martin Plath
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
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Kelley JL, Passow CN, Plath M, Arias Rodriguez L, Yee MC, Tobler M. Genomic resources for a model in adaptation and speciation research: characterization of the Poecilia mexicana transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:652. [PMID: 23170846 PMCID: PMC3585874 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elucidating the genomic basis of adaptation and speciation is a major challenge in natural systems with large quantities of environmental and phenotypic data, mostly because of the scarcity of genomic resources for non-model organisms. The Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae) is a small livebearing fish that has been extensively studied for evolutionary ecology research, particularly because this species has repeatedly colonized extreme environments in the form of caves and toxic hydrogen sulfide containing springs. In such extreme environments, populations show strong patterns of adaptive trait divergence and the emergence of reproductive isolation. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to assemble and annotate the first transcriptome of P. mexicana to facilitate ecological genomics studies in the future and aid the identification of genes underlying adaptation and speciation in the system. Description We provide the first annotated reference transcriptome of P. mexicana. Our transcriptome shows high congruence with other published fish transcriptomes, including that of the guppy, medaka, zebrafish, and stickleback. Transcriptome annotation uncovered the presence of candidate genes relevant in the study of adaptation to extreme environments. We describe general and oxidative stress response genes as well as genes involved in pathways induced by hypoxia or involved in sulfide metabolism. To facilitate future comparative analyses, we also conducted quantitative comparisons between P. mexicana from different river drainages. 106,524 single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in our dataset, including potential markers that are putatively fixed across drainages. Furthermore, specimens from different drainages exhibited some consistent differences in gene regulation. Conclusions Our study provides a valuable genomic resource to study the molecular underpinnings of adaptation to extreme environments in replicated sulfide spring and cave environments. In addition, this study adds to the increasing number of genomic resources in the family Poeciliidae, which are widely used in comparative analyses of behavior, ecology, evolution, and medical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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RIESCH RÜDIGER, PLATH MARTIN, MAKOWICZ AMBERM, SCHLUPP INGO. Behavioural and life-history regulation in a unisexual/bisexual mating system: does male mate choice affect female reproductive life histories? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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