1
|
Tian Y, Liang P, Zhang L, Zhang X, Wang X, Jin Y, Qi X, Liu Y. High expression of MAGE-C1 gene in colorectal cancer is associated with its poor prognosis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:2872-2881. [PMID: 35070414 PMCID: PMC8748057 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between melanoma antigen gene C1 (MAGE-C1) expression and the prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC), and to establish a mathematical model to comprehensively evaluate the prognosis of patients with CRC. METHODS MAGE-C1 was selected by bioinformatics for its greater expression differences in CRC patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression level of MAGE-C1 in tissue samples of 156 patients with CRC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to assess the relationship between MAGE-C1 and the prognosis of patients with CRC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models analyzed the factors affecting the prognosis of CRC patients. Also, the clinicopathological characteristics of patients and genes with clinical concern were integrated to establish a model to comprehensively predict the prognosis of patients with CRC. RESULTS MAGE-C1 was found to be highly expressed in 28.8% of CRC patients. MAGE-C1 expression was associated with tumor size, number, and metastasis. Survival analysis showed that CRC patients with high expression of MAGE-C1 had a poor prognosis. Regression analysis demonstrated that MAGE-C1 protein status, T stage, differentiation, Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) status, and v-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) status were the independent factors influencing the overall survival of patients with CRC. Meanwhile, MAGE-C1 combined with clinicopathological characteristics and hotspot gene mutations could be used to evaluate the prognosis of CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that MAGE-C1 is differentially expressed in patients with CRC and affects the prognosis of patients. The combination of MAGE-C1, clinicopathological characteristics, and genes with clinical concern can be used to assess the prognosis of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiufen Zhang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yufen Jin
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yankui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hansen MB, Postol M, Tvingsholm S, Nielsen IØ, Dietrich TN, Puustinen P, Maeda K, Dinant C, Strauss R, Egan D, Jäättelä M, Kallunki T. Identification of lysosome-targeting drugs with anti-inflammatory activity as potential invasion inhibitors of treatment resistant HER2 positive cancers. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:805-820. [PMID: 33939112 PMCID: PMC8090911 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Most HER2 positive invasive cancers are either intrinsic non-responsive or develop resistance when treated with 1st line HER2 targeting drugs. Both 1st and 2nd line treatments of HER2 positive cancers are aimed at targeting the HER2 receptor directly, thereby strongly limiting the treatment options of HER2/ErbB2 inhibition resistant invasive cancers. METHODS We used phenotypic high throughput microscopy screening to identify efficient inhibitors of ErbB2-induced invasion using 1st line HER2 inhibitor trastuzumab- and pertuzumab-resistant, p95-ErbB2 expressing breast cancer cells in conjunction with the Prestwick Chemical Library®. The screening entailed a drug's ability to inhibit ErbB2-induced, invasion-promoting positioning of lysosomes at the cellular periphery, a phenotype that defines their invasiveness. In addition, we used high throughput microscopy and biochemical assays to assess the effects of the drugs on lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and autophagy, two features connected to cancer treatment. Using 2nd line HER2 inhibitor lapatinib resistant 3-dimensional model systems, we assessed the effects of the drugs on ErbB2 positive breast cancer spheroids and developed a high-throughput invasion assay for HER2 positive ovarian cancer organoids for further evaluation. RESULTS We identified Auranofin, Colchicine, Monensin, Niclosamide, Podophyllotoxin, Quinacrine and Thiostrepton as efficient inhibitors of invasive growth of 2nd line HER2 inhibitor lapatinib resistant breast cancer spheroids and ovarian cancer organoids. We classified these drugs into four groups based on their ability to target lysosomes by inducing autophagy and/or LMP, i.e., drugs inducing early LMP, early autophagy with late LMP, late LMP, or neither. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that targetable lysosome-engaging cellular pathways downstream of ErbB2 contribute to invasion. They support lysosomal trafficking as an attractive target for therapy aiming at preventing the spreading of cancer cells. Since these drugs additionally possess anti-inflammatory activities, they could serve as multipurpose drugs simultaneously targeting infection/inflammation and cancer spreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malene Bredahl Hansen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Postol
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri Tvingsholm
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inger Ødum Nielsen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiina Naumanen Dietrich
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pietri Puustinen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffel Dinant
- Genome Integrity Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Core Facility for Bioimaging, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Strauss
- Genome Integrity Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Egan
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Core Life Analytics, Padualaan, 83584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Wen L, Ma L, Kang Y, Liu KY, Huang XJ, Ruan GR, Lu J. MAGE genes: Prognostic indicators in AL amyloidosis patients. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5672-5678. [PMID: 31222935 PMCID: PMC6653474 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A high frequency of MAGE-CT (cancer testis) antigens are expressed in Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients; however, in other plasma cell dyscrasias, their potential function remains unclear. We measured the expression of MAGE-CT genes (MAGE-C1/CT7, MAGE-A3, MAGE-C2/CT10) in 105 newly diagnosed amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis patients between June 2013 and January 2018 at Peking University People's Hospital using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In the newly diagnosed AL patients, the positive expression rates of patients with MAGE-C1/CT7, MAGE-C2/CT10 and MAGE-A3 were 83.8% (88/105), 56.71% (38/67) and 22.0% (13/59) respectively. There was no significant correlation between organ propensity and MAGE-CT gene expression. Changes in the MAGE-C1/CT7 levels were consistent with a therapeutic effect. The expression levels of MAGE-C1/CT7, MAGE-C2/CT10 and MAGE-A3 provide potentially effective clinical indicators for auxiliary diagnoses and monitoring treatment efficacy in AL amyloidosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Rui Ruan
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodrigues-Junior DM, Biassi TP, de Albuquerque GE, Carlin V, Buri MV, Machado-Junior J, Vettore AL. Downregulation of DCC sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to bortezomib treatment. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5023-5029. [PMID: 31059005 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease; a better understanding of the molecular aspects of this hematological malignancy could contribute to the development of new treatment strategies and help to improve the survival rates of patients with MM. Previously, the methylation status of the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene was correlated with the survival rate of patients with MM, thus the main goal of this study was to understand DCC contribution to MM tumorigenesis, and to assess the impact of DCC inhibition in the MM response to treatment with bortezomib. Our results demonstrated that hypermethylation of the DCC promoter inhibits gene expression, and DCC silencing is significantly correlated with a reduction in cell viability and an increase in cell death induced by bortezomib. In conclusion, our results suggested that hypermethylation is an important mechanism of DCC expression regulation in MM and that the absence of DCC contributes to the enhanced sensitivity to treatment with bortezomib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Thaís Priscila Biassi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Estrela de Albuquerque
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Viviane Carlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Buri
- Department of Biochemistry, Insitute of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo 04044‑020, Brazil
| | - Joel Machado-Junior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Vettore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng P, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Song X, Yin Y. Cancer‑testis antigen HCA587/MAGEC2 interacts with the general transcription coactivator TAF9 in cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3226-3231. [PMID: 29257297 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 587/melanoma antigen gene (HCA587/MAGEC2) is a cancer‑testis antigen, which is highly expressed in various types of tumors, but not in normal tissues with the exception of male germ‑line cells. HCA587/MAGEC2 has been previously recognized as a tumor‑specific target for immunotherapy; however, its biological functions have been relatively understudied. To investigate the function of HCA587/MAGEC2, the amino acid sequence of HCA587/MAGEC2 was analyzed by bioinformatics and it was demonstrated that HCA587/MAGEC2 contains a 9‑amino acid transactivation domain which may mediate the interaction of most transcription factors with TATA‑box binding protein associated factor 9 (TAF9), a general transcription coactivator. Co‑immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that HCA587/MAGEC2 interacted with TAF9 in transfected 293T and in A375 melanoma cells endogenously expressing HCA587/MAGEC2, and confirmed the endogenous interaction of HCA587/MAGEC2 and TAF9 within cells. Endogenous HCA587/MAGEC2 and TAF9 were demonstrated to be co‑localized principally in the nucleus of tumor cells using immunofluorescence. Glutathione-S-transferase pull‑down experiments demonstrated that HCA587/MAGEC2 interacts with TAF9 directly and the conserved region in the TAF9 may becrucial for HCA587/MAGEC2 binding. The present study demonstrated that the cancer‑testis antigen HCA587/MAGEC2 directly interacted with TAF9, which may provide novel information for identifying the oncogenic functions of HCA587/MAGEC2 in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pumei Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yutian Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu P, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhou D, Ouyang J, Chen B. Expression of MAGE-C1/CT7 provides prognostic information in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:244-246. [PMID: 27248683 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1187271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- a Department of Hematology , The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu Zhang
- a Department of Hematology , The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- a Department of Hematology , The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhou
- a Department of Hematology , The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- a Department of Hematology , The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- a Department of Hematology , The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghafouri-Fard S, Seifi-Alan M, Shamsi R, Esfandiary A. Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma Using Cancer-Testis Antigens. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2015; 8:e3755. [PMID: 26634107 PMCID: PMC4667235 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Context: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by monoclonal expansion of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. It accounts for 10% of hematological malignancies. Although patients respond to a wide range of anticancer modalities, relapse occurs in a significant number of the cases. Immunotherapeutic approaches have been evolved to tackle this problem. Cancer-testis antigens CTAs as a group of tumor-associated antigens are appropriate targets for cancer immunotherapy as they have restricted expression pattern in normal tissues except for testis which is an immune-privileged site. Expression of these antigens has been assessed in different malignancies including MM. Evidence Acquisition: We performed a computerized search of the MEDLINE/PubMed databases with key words: multiple myeloma, cancer-testis antigen, and cancer stem cell and immunotherapy. Results: Several CTAs including NY-ESO-1, MAGE and GAGE family have been shown to be expressed in MM patients. Cellular and humoral immune responses against these antigens have been detected in MM patients. Conclusions: The frequent and high expression level of CTAs in MM patients shows that these antigens can be applied as cancer biomarkers as well as targets for immunotherapy in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahnaz Seifi-Alan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Roshanak Shamsi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Esfandiary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wienand K, Shires K. The use of MAGE C1 and flow cytometry to determine the malignant cell type in multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120734. [PMID: 25793710 PMCID: PMC4368436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The malignant cell phenotype of Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains unclear with studies proposing it to be either clonotypic B or proliferating plasma cells. Cancer/testis antigen MAGE C1 is being extensively studied in MM and it has been suggested that it is involved in the pathogenesis of the cancer. Therefore, we report on the use of MAGE C1 to determine the malignant cell phenotype in MM using flow cytometry. Bone marrow aspirate (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) was collected from twelve MM patients at diagnosis, as well as three MM disease-free controls. Mononuclear cells were isolated using density-gradient centrifugation, and stabilized in 80% ethanol, before analysis via flow cytometry using relevant antibodies against B cell development cell-surface markers and nuclear MAGE C1. MAGE C1 expression was observed consistently in the early stem cells (CD34+) and early pro-B to pre-B cells (CD34+/-/CD19+), as well as the proliferating plasma cells in both the MM PB and BM, while no expression was observed in the corresponding control samples. Monoclonality indicated a common origin of these cell types suggesting that the CD34+/MAGE C1+ are the primary malignant cell phenotype that sustains the downstream B cell maturation processes. Furthermore, this malignant cell phenotype was not restricted to the BM but also found in the circulating PB cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Wienand
- Division of Haematology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Shires
- Division of Haematology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Haematology, National Health Laboratory Services/Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu SQ, Xu ZZ, Niu WY, Huang HB, Zhan R. ShRNA-mediated Bmi-1 silencing sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to bortezomib. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:616-23. [PMID: 24913180 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of bortezomib has resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and has contributed to the improved survival of patients with MM. Inevitably, resistance to therapy develops, and thus the clinical efficacy of bortezomib is hampered by drug resistance. The oncogene B-cell‑specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site‑1 (Bmi-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human malignancies. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi)‑mediated Bmi-1 silencing has been shown to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy and radiation. The role of Bmi-1 in influencing the response to bortezomib therapy has not been investigated to date. In the present study, Bmi-1 was silenced in two MM cell lines (U266 and RPMI8226) using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Bmi-1 (shBmi-1). A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to analyze cell proliferation and evaluate the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of bortezomib. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), and the mRNA and protein expression of associated genes (Bmi-1, p14, p21, Bcl-2 and Bax) was quantified by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The IC50 values significantly decreased in the cells transfected with shBmi-1 (p<0.05). The depletion of Bmi-1 sensitized the MM cells to bortezomib, which increased the G1 phase duration and enhanced bortezomib‑induced apoptosis (p<0.05). The expression of p21 and Bax (apoptosis inducer) was upregulated, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, was downregulated in the Bmi-1‑silenced cells (p<0.05). The depletion of Bmi-1 enhanced the sensitivity of MM cells to bortezomib by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our data suggest that Bmi-1 may serve as an important novel therapeutic target in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Quan Wu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Niu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Bo Huang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhan
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tyler EM, Jungbluth AA, Gnjatic S, O'Reilly RJ, Koehne G. Cancer-testis antigen 7 expression and immune responses following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:547-58. [PMID: 24894092 PMCID: PMC5705031 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigen 7 (CT7) is the most frequently and consistently expressed MAGE antigen in multiple myeloma, exhibits tissue-restricted expression, and is an independent negative prognostic factor for multiple myeloma. We sought to characterize CT7 protein expression in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma undergoing allogeneic T cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloTCD-HSCT), and to examine the significance of CT7-specific cellular immune responses. We further aimed to determine CT7-derived immunogenic epitopes and their associated allelic restrictions. CT7 protein expression in neoplastic CD138(+) plasma cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in bone marrow biopsies from 10 patients. CT7 was present in 8 of 10 patients. Longitudinal analyses of the 10 patients revealed an association between CT7 expression and prognosis. Longitudinal monitoring of CT7-specific T cells revealed an association between increased frequencies of CT7-specific T cells and reductions in specific myeloma markers. Epitope-specific reactivity to the nonamer FLAMLKNTV was detected by intracellular IFNγ assay in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow-derived T cells from HLA-A*0201(+) patients. Serial monitoring of PB CT7-specific T-cell frequencies in 4 HLA-A*0201(+) patients by HLA-A*0201-CT7(1087-1095) tetramer staining revealed an association with disease course. Phenotypic analyses revealed bone marrow enrichment for central memory CT7-specific T cells, while effector memory cells dominated the PB. Together, these findings support the development of immunotherapeutic strategies that aim to enhance CT7-directed immune responses for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Tyler
- Authors' Affiliations: Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Sloan-Kettering Institute; Department of Pathology, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, and Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New YorkAuthors' Affiliations: Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Sloan-Kettering Institute; Department of Pathology, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, and Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Authors' Affiliations: Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Sloan-Kettering Institute; Department of Pathology, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, and Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Authors' Affiliations: Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Sloan-Kettering Institute; Department of Pathology, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, and Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Authors' Affiliations: Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Sloan-Kettering Institute; Department of Pathology, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, and Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New YorkAuthors' Affiliations: Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Sloan-Kettering Institute; Department of Pathology, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, and Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New YorkAuthors' Affiliations: Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Sloan-Kettering Institute; Department of Pathology, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, and Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Guenther Koehne
- Authors' Affiliations: Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Sloan-Kettering Institute; Department of Pathology, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, and Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New YorkAuthors' Affiliations: Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Sloan-Kettering Institute; Department of Pathology, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, and Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He L, Ji JN, Liu SQ, Xue E, Liang Q, Ma Z. Expression of cancer-testis antigen in multiple myeloma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:181-185. [PMID: 24710929 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the immunotherapy has been highlighted among cancer treatments. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) has been studied in a variety of solid tumors because of its specific expression in tumors, and testis, ovary and placenta tissues, but not in other normal tissues. In order to provide a new approach for multiple myeloma (MM) immunotherapy, we examined the CTA expression in MM cell lines, and primary myeloma cells in patients with MM. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in MM cell lines of RPMI-8226 and U266, and bone marrow (BM) cells of 25 MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 4 CTAs were expressed in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in the BM cells of 25 MM patients was 28% (7/25), 80% (20/25), 40% (10/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. In contrast, the expression of any member of the CTAs was not detected in BM cells of 18 healthy volunteers. The expression of two or more CTAs was detected in 80% (20/25) MM patients, and that of at least one CTA in 88% (22/25). The mRNA expression levels of SSX1 and SSX4 were significantly higher in patients with MM at stage III than in those at stage I and II (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression levels of MAGE-C1/CT7 and SSX2 in further stratified analyses by age, gender, MM types and percentage of MM cells in BM (P>0.05). In conclusion, our present study showed that MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 were co-expressed in MM cell lines and the primary myeloma cells in MM patients, but not expressed in BM cells of healthy subjects. The mRNA levels of SSX1 and SSX4 are associated with MM clinical stage. This work may provide a new insight into MM immunotherapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jing-Na Ji
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shang-Qin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Er Xue
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zi Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is a pivotal intracellular mediator of signaling pathways downstream of TNFR1 and -2 with known pro- and antiviral effects. We investigated its role in the replication of the prototype poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV). Loss of TRAF2 expression, either through small interfering RNA treatment of HeLa cells or through genetic knockout in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), led to significant reductions in VACV growth following low-multiplicity infection. In single-cycle infections, there was delayed production of both early and late VACV proteins as well as accelerated virus-induced alterations to cell morphology, indicating that TRAF2 influences early stages of virus replication. Consistent with an early role, uncoating assays showed normal virus attachment but delayed virus entry in the absence of TRAF2. Although alterations to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling were apparent in VACV-infected TRAF2−/− MEFs, treatment of wild-type cells with a JNK inhibitor did not affect virus entry. Instead, treatment with an inhibitor of endosomal acidification greatly reduced virus entry into TRAF2−/− MEFs, suggesting that VACV is reliant on the endosomal route of entry in the absence of TRAF2. Thus, TRAF2 is a proviral factor for VACV that plays a role in promoting efficient viral entry, most likely via the plasma membrane. IMPORTANCE Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are key facilitators of intracellular signaling with roles in innate and adaptive immunity and stress responses. We have discovered that TRAF2 is a proviral factor in vaccinia virus replication in both HeLa cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts and that its influence is exercised through promotion of efficient virus entry.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pagotto A, Caballero OL, Volkmar N, Devalle S, Simpson AJG, Lu X, Christianson JC. Centrosomal localisation of the cancer/testis (CT) antigens NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 is regulated by proteasome activity in tumour cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83212. [PMID: 24340093 PMCID: PMC3858345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cancer/Testis (CT) antigen family of genes are transcriptionally repressed in most human tissues but are atypically re-expressed in many malignant tumour types. Their restricted expression profile makes CT antigens ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. As little is known about whether CT antigens may be regulated by post-translational processing, we investigated the mechanisms governing degradation of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 in selected cancer cell lines. Inhibitors of proteasome-mediated degradation induced the partitioning of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 into a detergent insoluble fraction. Moreover, this treatment also resulted in increased localisation of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 at the centrosome. Despite their interaction, relocation of either NY-ESO-1 or MAGE-C1 to the centrosome could occur independently of each other. Using a series of truncated fragments, the regions corresponding to NY-ESO-191-150 and MAGE-C1900-1116 were established as important for controlling both stability and localisation of these CT antigens. Our findings demonstrate that the steady state levels of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-C1 are regulated by proteasomal degradation and that both behave as aggregation-prone proteins upon accumulation. With proteasome inhibitors being increasingly used as front-line treatment in cancer, these data raise issues about CT antigen processing for antigenic presentation and therefore immunogenicity in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pagotto
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Otavia L. Caballero
- Ludwig Collaborative Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Devalle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. G. Simpson
- Ludwig Collaborative Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John C. Christianson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sook SH, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Sohn EJ, Jung JH, Kim B, Kim JH, Jeong SJ, Kim SH. Reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase plays a critical role in beta-sitosterol-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma U266 cells. Phytother Res 2013; 28:387-94. [PMID: 23640957 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although beta-sitosterol has been well known to have anti-tumor activity in liver, lung, colon, stomach, breast and prostate cancers via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, the underlying mechanism of anti-cancer effect of beta-sitosterol in multiple myeloma cells was never elucidated until now. Thus, in the present study, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in association with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways was demonstrated in beta-sitosterol-treated multiple myeloma U266 cells. Beta-sitosterol exerted cytotoxicity, increased sub-G1 apoptotic population and activated caspase-9 and -3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) followed by decrease in mitochondrial potential in U266 cells. Beta-sitosterol promoted ROS production, activated AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and JNK in U266 cells. Also, beta-sitosterol attenuated the phosphorylation of AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin and S6K, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and VEGF in U266 cells. Conversely, AMPK inhibitor compound C and JNK inhibitor SP600125 suppressed apoptosis induced by beta-sitosterol in U266 cells. Furthermore, ROS scavenger N-acetyl L-cysteine attenuated beta-sitosterol-mediated sub-G1 accumulation, PARP cleavage, JNK and AMPK activation in U266 cells. Overall, these findings for the first time suggest that ROS-mediated activation of cancer metabolism-related genes such as AMPK and JNK plays an important role in beta-sitosterol-induced apoptosis in U266 multiple myeloma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Hyo Sook
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches have been gaining attention in the field of cancer treatment because of their possible ability to eradicate cancer cells as well as metastases by recruiting the host immune system. On the other hand, RNA-based therapeutics with the ability to silence expression of specific targets are currently under clinical investigation for various disorders including cancer. As the mechanisms of tumor evasion from the host immune system are versatile, different molecules have the capacity to be targeted by RNAi technology in order to enhance the immune response against tumors. This technology has been used to silence specific targets in tumor cells, as well as immune cells in cancer cell lines, animal models and clinical trials. siRNAs can also stimulate innate immune responses through activation of Toll-like receptors. Although currently clinical trials of the application of siRNA in cancer immunotherapy are few, it is predicted that in future this technology will be used broadly in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Carvalho F, Alves VLF, Braga WMT, Xavier CV, Colleoni GWB. MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 are frequently expressed in multiple myeloma and can be explored in combined immunotherapy for this malignancy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:191-5. [PMID: 23180015 PMCID: PMC11028960 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The exact function of MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 is not yet understood in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the homologs MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 genes encode highly immunogeneic cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) and can be potential targets for T cell-based immunotherapy. MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 mRNA expression were investigated in MM patients, solitary plasmacytomas, monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) and bone marrow (BM) aspirates from healthy donors by RT-PCR. MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C1/CT10 were expressed in 67 and 59 % of the 46 MM analyzed patients. At least one of the genes was expressed in 76 % of MM cases. Solitary plasmacytoma also showed MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 expression. MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 were not expressed in normal BM samples, showing restricted expression of these CTA genes in MM, solitary plasmacytoma and MGUS. In the present study, we found high expression of the homologs MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 in monoclonal gammopathies and speculate whether these genes might represent a valuable therapeutic option for myeloma, in particular for combined immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio de Carvalho
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), Rua Botucatu, 740, 3o andar, Hematologia, Vila Clementino, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pan B, Ma Y, Ren H, He Y, Wang Y, Lv X, Liu D, Ji L, Yu B, Wang Y, Chen YE, Pennathur S, Smith JD, Liu G, Zheng L. Diabetic HDL is dysfunctional in stimulating endothelial cell migration and proliferation due to down regulation of SR-BI expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48530. [PMID: 23133640 PMCID: PMC3487724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic HDL had diminished capacity to stimulate endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, and adhesion to extracellular matrix. The mechanism of such dysfunction is poorly understood and we therefore sought to determine the mechanistic features of diabetic HDL dysfunction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We found that the dysfunction of diabetic HDL on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was associated with the down regulation of the HDL receptor protein, SR-BI. Akt-phosphorylation in HUVECs was induced in a biphasic manner by normal HDL. While diabetic HDL induced Akt phosphorylation normally after 20 minutes, the phosphorylation observed 24 hours after diabetic HDL treatment was reduced. To determine the role of SR-BI down regulation on diminished EC responses of diabetic HDL, Mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) were isolated from wild type and SR-BI (-/-) mice, and treated with normal and diabetic HDL. The proliferative and migratory effects of normal HDL on wild type MAECs were greatly diminished in SR-BI (-/-) cells. In contrast, response to diabetic HDL was impaired in both types suggesting diminished effectiveness of diabetic HDL on EC proliferation and migration might be due to the down regulation of SR-BI. Additionally, SR-BI down regulation diminishes diabetic HDL's capacity to activate Akt chronically. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Diabetic HDL was dysfunctional in promoting EC proliferation, migration, and adhesion to matrix which was associated with the down-regulation of SR-BI. Additionally, SR-BI down regulation diminishes diabetic HDL's capacity to activate Akt chronically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Ma
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ren
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin He
- The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lv
- The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Baoqi Yu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - George Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cancer/Testis Antigen MAGE-C1/CT7: new target for multiple myeloma therapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:257695. [PMID: 22481966 PMCID: PMC3310219 DOI: 10.1155/2012/257695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs) are a promising class of tumor antigens that have a limited expression in somatic tissues (testis, ovary, fetal, and placental cells). Aberrant expression of CTAs in cancer cells may lead to abnormal chromosome segregation and aneuploidy. CTAs are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and acetylation of histones) and are attractive targets for immunotherapy in cancer because the gonads are immune privileged organs and anti-CTA immune response can be tumor-specific. Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy, and several CTAs have been detected in many MM cell lines and patients. Among CTAs expressed in MM we must highlight the MAGE-C1/CT7 located on the X chromosome and expressed specificity in the malignant plasma cells. MAGE-C1/CT7 seems to be related to disease progression and functional studies suggests that this CTA might play a role in cell cycle and mainly in survival of malignant plasma cells, protecting myeloma cells against spontaneous as well as drug-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
|