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He P, Meng XH, Zhang X, Lin X, Zhang Q, Jiang RL, Schiller MR, Deng FY, Deng HW. Identifying Pleiotropic SNPs Associated With Femoral Neck and Heel Bone Mineral Density. Front Genet 2020; 11:772. [PMID: 32774344 PMCID: PMC7388689 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) routinely identify loci associated with risk factors for osteoporosis. However, GWASs with relatively small sample sizes still lack sufficient power to ascertain the majority of genetic variants with small to modest effect size, which may together truly influence the phenotype. The loci identified only account for a small percentage of the heritability of osteoporosis. This study aims to identify novel genetic loci associated with DXA-derived femoral neck (FNK) bone mineral density (BMD) and quantitative ultrasound of the heel calcaneus estimated BMD (eBMD), and to detect shared/causal variants for the two traits, to assess whether the SNPs or putative causal SNPs associated with eBMD were also associated with FNK-BMD. Methods Novel loci associated with eBMD and FNK-BMD were identified by the genetic pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method. Shared putative causal variants between eBMD and FNK-BMD and putative causal SNPs for each trait were identified by the colocalization method. Mendelian randomization analysis addresses the causal relationship between eBMD/FNK-BMD and fracture. Results We identified 9,500 (cFDR < 9.8E-6), 137 (cFDR < 8.9E-4) and 124 SNPs associated with eBMD, FNK-BMD, and both eBMD and FNK-BMD, respectively, with 37 genomic regions where there was a SNP that influences both eBMD and FNK-BMD. Most genomic regions only contained putative causal SNPs associated with eBMD and 3 regions contained two distinct putative causal SNPs influenced both traits, respectively. We demonstrated a causal effect of FNK-BMD/eBMD on fracture. Conclusion Most of SNPs or putative causal SNPs associated with FNK-BMD were also associated with eBMD. However, most of SNPs or putative causal SNPs associated with eBMD were not associated with FNK-BMD. The novel variants we identified may help to account for the additional proportion of variance of each trait and advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei He
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xiang-He Meng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Center of Reproductive Health, System Biology and Data Information, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xu Lin
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ri-Li Jiang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Martin R Schiller
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Center of Reproductive Health, System Biology and Data Information, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Mullin BH, Walsh JP, Zheng HF, Brown SJ, Surdulescu GL, Curtis C, Breen G, Dudbridge F, Richards JB, Spector TD, Wilson SG. Genome-wide association study using family-based cohorts identifies the WLS and CCDC170/ESR1 loci as associated with bone mineral density. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:136. [PMID: 26911590 PMCID: PMC4766752 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a common and debilitating bone disease that is characterised by a low bone mineral density (BMD), a highly heritable trait. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proven to be very successful in identifying common genetic variants associated with BMD adjusted for age, gender and weight, however a large portion of the genetic variance for this trait remains unexplained. There is evidence to suggest significant genetic correlation between body size traits and BMD. It has also recently been suggested that unintended bias can be introduced as a result of adjusting a phenotype for a correlated trait. We performed a GWAS meta-analysis in two populations (total n = 6,696) using BMD data adjusted for only age and gender, in an attempt to identify genetic variants associated with BMD including those that may have potential pleiotropic effects on BMD and body size traits. Results We observed a single variant, rs2566752, associated with spine BMD at the genome-wide significance level in the meta-analysis (P = 3.36 × 10−09). Logistic regression analysis also revealed an association between rs2566752 and fracture rate in one of our study cohorts (P = 0.017, n = 5,654). This is an intronic variant located in the wntless Wnt ligand secretion mediator (WLS) gene (1p31.3), a known BMD locus which encodes an integral component of the Wnt ligand secretion pathway. Bioinformatics analyses of variants in moderate LD with rs2566752 produced strong evidence for a regulatory role for the variants rs72670452, rs17130567 and rs1430738. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis suggested that the variants rs12568456 and rs17130567 are associated with expression of the WLS gene in whole blood, cerebellum and temporal cortex brain tissue (P = 0.034–1.19 × 10−23). Gene-wide association testing using the VErsatile Gene-based Association Study 2 (VEGAS2) software revealed associations between the coiled-coil domain containing 170 (CCDC170) gene, located adjacent to the oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene, and BMD at the spine, femoral neck and total hip sites (P = 1.0 × 10−06, 2.0 × 10−06 and 2.0 × 10−06 respectively). Conclusions Genetic variation at the WLS and CCDC170/ESR1 loci were found to be significantly associated with BMD adjusted for only age and gender at the genome-wide level in this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia. .,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia.
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia. .,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia.
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia.
| | - Gabriela L Surdulescu
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Charles Curtis
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK. .,Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia. .,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia. .,Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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Maijer KI, Noort AR, de Hair MJH, van der Leij C, van Zoest KPM, Choi IY, Gerlag DM, Maas M, Tak PP, Tas SW. Nuclear Factor-κB-inducing Kinase Is Expressed in Synovial Endothelial Cells in Patients with Early Arthritis and Correlates with Markers of Inflammation: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:1573-81. [PMID: 26178280 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is strongly involved in synovial inflammation. We have previously shown that NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is a key regulator of inflammation-induced angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST). Here, we investigated synovial NIK expression in patients with early arthritis and in autoantibody-positive individuals at risk of developing RA. METHODS ST biopsies were obtained by arthroscopy from 154 patients with early arthritis (duration < 1 yr) with various diagnoses and 54 IgM rheumatoid factor-positive and/or anticitrullinated protein antibodies-positive individuals without evidence of arthritis. ST was stained for NIK and endothelial cell (EC) markers. Additionally, measures of disease activity were collected and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in a subset of these patients. RESULTS In patients with early arthritis, NIK was predominantly expressed in EC of small blood vessels. Further, NIK expression correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r 0.184, p = 0.024), C-reactive protein (r 0.194, p = 0.017), joint swelling (r 0.297, p < 0.001), synovial immune cell markers (lining r 0.585, p < 0.001; sublining macrophages r 0.728, p < 0.001; T cells r 0.733, p < 0.001; and B cells r 0.264, p = 0.040), MRI effusion (r 0.665, p < 0.001), MRI synovitis (r 0.632, p < 0.001), and MRI total score (r 0.569, p < 0.001). In 18.5% of autoantibody-positive individuals, ST NIK(+)EC were present, but this was not predictive of the development of arthritis. CONCLUSION NIK(+)EC are present in the earliest phase of synovial inflammation and may be indicative of high angiogenic activity in the inflamed ST. Therefore, NIK(+)EC may play an important role in the persistence of synovitis. Collectively, our data underscore the importance of angiogenesis in synovial inflammation and identify NIK as a potential therapeutic target in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen I Maijer
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam
| | - Ae Ri Noort
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam
| | - Maria J H de Hair
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam
| | - Christiaan van der Leij
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam
| | - Katinka P M van Zoest
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam
| | - Ivy Y Choi
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam
| | - Daniëlle M Gerlag
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam
| | - Mario Maas
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam
| | - Paul P Tak
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam
| | - Sander W Tas
- From the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the Department of Experimental Immunology, and the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.K.I. Maijer, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; A.R. Noort, MSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; M.J. de Hair, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; C. van der Leij, MD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; K.P. van Zoest, BSc, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; I.Y. Choi, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; D.M. Gerlag, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline; M. Maas, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; P.P. Tak, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, and University of Cambridge; S.W. Tas, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam.
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