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Lord SO, Dawson PW, Chunthorng-Orn J, Ng J, Baehr LM, Hughes DC, Sridhar P, Knowles T, Bodine SC, Lai YC. Uncovering the mechanisms of MuRF1-induced ubiquitylation and revealing similarities with MuRF2 and MuRF3. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101636. [PMID: 38283190 PMCID: PMC10818185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
MuRF1 (Muscle-specific RING finger protein 1; gene name TRIM63) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase, associated with the progression of muscle atrophy. As a RING (Really Interesting New Gene) type E3 ligase, its unique activity of ubiquitylation is driven by a specific interaction with a UBE2 (ubiquitin conjugating enzyme). Our understanding of MuRF1 function remains unclear as candidate UBE2s have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we screened human ubiquitin dependent UBE2s in vitro and found that MuRF1 engages in ubiquitylation with UBE2D, UBE2E, UBE2N/V families and UBE2W. MuRF1 can cause mono-ubiquitylation, K48- and K63-linked polyubiquitin chains in a UBE2 dependent manner. Moreover, we identified a two-step UBE2 dependent mechanism whereby MuRF1 is monoubiquitylated by UBE2W which acts as an anchor for UBE2N/V to generate polyubiquitin chains. With the in vitro ubiquitylation assay, we also found that MuRF2 and MuRF3 not only share the same UBE2 partners as MuRF1 but can also directly ubiquitylate the same substrates: Titin (A168-A170), Desmin, and MYLPF (Myosin Light Chain, Phosphorylatable, Fast Skeletal Muscle; also called Myosin Light Regulatory Chain 2). In summary, our work presents new insights into the mechanisms that underpin MuRF1 activity and reveals overlap in MuRF-induced ubiquitylation which could explain their partial redundancy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O. Lord
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter W.J. Dawson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jimi Ng
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Leslie M. Baehr
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David C. Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Pooja Sridhar
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy Knowles
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sue C. Bodine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yu-Chiang Lai
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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McAuley ABT, Hughes DC, Tsaprouni LG, Varley I, Suraci B, Bradley B, Baker J, Herbert AJ, Kelly AL. Genetic Associations With Acceleration, Change of Direction, Jump Height, and Speed in English Academy Football Players. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:350-359. [PMID: 38258831 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT McAuley, ABT, Hughes, DC, Tsaprouni, LG, Varley, I, Suraci, B, Bradley, B, Baker, J, Herbert, AJ, and Kelly, AL. Genetic associations with acceleration, change of direction, jump height, and speed in English academy football players. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 350-359, 2024-High-intensity movements and explosive actions are commonly assessed during athlete development in football (soccer). Although many environmental factors underpin these power-orientated traits, research suggests that there is also a sizeable genetic component. Therefore, this study examined the association of 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with acceleration, change of direction, jump height, and speed in academy football players. One hundred and forty-nine, male, under-12 to under-23 football players from 4 English academies were examined. Subjects performed 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-m sprints, countermovement jumps (CMJs), and the 5-0-5 agility test. Simple linear regression was used to analyze individual SNP associations, whereas both unweighted and weighted total genotype scores (TGS; TWGS) were computed to measure the combined influence of all SNPs. To control for multiple testing, a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate of 0.05 was applied to all genotype model comparisons. In isolation, the GALNT13 (rs10196189) G allele and IL6 (rs1800795) G/G genotype were associated with faster (∼4%) 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints and higher (∼16%) CMJs, respectively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the TGS and TWGS significantly correlated with all performance assessments, explaining between 6 and 33% of the variance (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that some genetic variants are associated with power-orientated phenotypes in youth football players and may add value toward a future polygenic profile of physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B T McAuley
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hughes
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Loukia G Tsaprouni
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Varley
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Suraci
- Academy Coaching Department, AFC Bournemouth, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ben Bradley
- Academy Coaching Department, AFC Bournemouth, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; and
| | - Joseph Baker
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J Herbert
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Adam L Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
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Hughes DC, Goodman CA, Baehr LM, Gregorevic P, Bodine SC. A critical discussion on the relationship between E3 ubiquitin ligases, protein degradation, and skeletal muscle wasting: it's not that simple. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1567-C1582. [PMID: 37955121 PMCID: PMC10861180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00457.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification (PTM) for protein substrates, whereby ubiquitin is added to proteins through the coordinated activity of activating (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes. The E3s provide key functions in the recognition of specific protein substrates to be ubiquitinated and aid in determining their proteolytic or nonproteolytic fates, which has led to their study as indicators of altered cellular processes. MuRF1 and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 were two of the first E3 ubiquitin ligases identified as being upregulated in a range of different skeletal muscle atrophy models. Since their discovery, the expression of these E3 ubiquitin ligases has often been studied as a surrogate measure of changes to bulk protein degradation rates. However, emerging evidence has highlighted the dynamic and complex regulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in skeletal muscle and demonstrated that protein ubiquitination is not necessarily equivalent to protein degradation. These observations highlight the potential challenges of quantifying E3 ubiquitin ligases as markers of protein degradation rates or ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) activation. This perspective examines the usefulness of monitoring E3 ubiquitin ligases for determining specific or bulk protein degradation rates in the settings of skeletal muscle atrophy. Specific questions that remain unanswered within the skeletal muscle atrophy field are also identified, to encourage the pursuit of new research that will be critical in moving forward our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern protein function and degradation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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McAuley AB, Hughes DC, Tsaprouni LG, Varley I, Suraci B, Baker J, Herbert AJ, Kelly AL. Genetic associations with technical capabilities in English academy football players: a preliminary study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:230-240. [PMID: 35666584 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technical capabilities have significant discriminative and prognostic power in youth football. Although, many factors influence technical performance, no research has explored the genetic contribution. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with technical assessments in youth football players. METHODS Fifty-three male under-13 to under-18 outfield football players from two Category 3 English academies were genotyped for eight SNPs. Objective and subjective technical performance scores in dribbling, passing, and shooting were collated. Simple linear regression was used to analyse individual SNP associations each variable, whereas both unweighted and weighted total genotype scores (TGSs; TWGSs) were computed to measure the combined influence of all SNPs. RESULTS In isolation, the ADBR2 (rs1042714) C allele, BDNF (rs6265) C/C genotype, DBH (rs1611115) C/C genotype, and DRD1 (rs4532) C allele were associated with superior (8-10%) objective dribbling and/or shooting performance. The TGSs and/or TWGSs were significantly correlated with each technical assessment (except subjective passing), explaining up to 36% and 40% of the variance in the objective and subjective assessments, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest inter-individual genetic variation may influence the technical capabilities of youth football players and proposes several candidate SNPs that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B McAuley
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK -
| | - David C Hughes
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Loukia G Tsaprouni
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruce Suraci
- Academy Coaching Department, AFC Bournemouth, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Joseph Baker
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J Herbert
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam L Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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McAuley AB, Hughes DC, Tsaprouni LG, Varley I, Suraci B, Baker J, Herbert AJ, Kelly AL. Genetic Variations between Youth and Professional Development Phase English Academy Football Players. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112001. [PMID: 36360238 PMCID: PMC9689905 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the genotype frequency distribution of thirty-three single nucleotide variants (SNVs) between youth development phase (YDP) and professional development phase (PDP) academy football players. One hundred and sixty-six male football players from two Category 1 and Category 3 English academies were examined within their specific age phase: YDP (n = 92; aged 13.84 ± 1.63 years) and PDP (n = 74; aged 18.09 ± 1.51 years). Fisher's exact tests were used to compare individual genotype frequencies, whereas unweighted and weighted total genotype scores (TGS; TWGS) were computed to assess differences in polygenic profiles. In isolation, the IL6 (rs1800795) G allele was overrepresented in PDP players (90.5%) compared to YDP players (77.2%; p = 0.023), whereby PDP players had nearly three times the odds of possessing a G allele (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.13-7.09). The TGS (p = 0.001) and TWGS (p < 0.001) were significant, but poor, in distinguishing YDP and PDP players (AUC = 0.643-0.694), with PDP players exhibiting an overall more power-orientated polygenic profile. If validated in larger independent youth football cohorts, these findings may have important implications for future studies examining genetic associations in youth football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B.T. McAuley
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - David C. Hughes
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
| | - Loukia G. Tsaprouni
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Bruce Suraci
- Academy Coaching Department, AFC Bournemouth, Bournemouth BH7 7AF, UK
| | - Joseph Baker
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Adam J. Herbert
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
| | - Adam L. Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; University of Canberra Research Institute of Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Australia
| | - John W Orchard
- Cricket Australia, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily M Partridge
- Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; University of Canberra Research Institute of Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Andre La Gerche
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia; National Centre for Sports Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolyn Broderick
- Tennis Australia, School of Medical Sciences, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
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Hughes DC, Baehr LM, Waddell DS, Bodine SC. Overexpression of Multiple E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Gastrocnemius Muscles from Mice. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hughes DC, Hardee JP, Waddell DS, Goodman CA. CORP: Gene delivery into murine skeletal muscle using in vivo electroporation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:41-59. [PMID: 35511722 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00088.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategy of gene delivery into skeletal muscles has provided exciting avenues in identifying new potential therapeutics towards muscular disorders and addressing basic research questions in muscle physiology through overexpression and knockdown studies. In vivo electroporation methodology offers a simple, rapidly effective technique for the delivery of plasmid DNA into post-mitotic skeletal muscle fibers and the ability to easily explore the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle plasticity. The purpose of this review is to describe how to robustly electroporate plasmid DNA into different hindlimb muscles of rodent models. Further, key parameters (e.g., voltage, hyaluronidase, plasmid concentration) which contribute to the successful introduction of plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle fibers will be discussed. In addition, details on processing tissue for immunohistochemistry and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) analysis will be outlined. The overall goal of this review is to provide the basic and necessary information needed for successful implementation of in vivo electroporation of plasmid DNA and thus open new avenues of discovery research in skeletal muscle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Waddell
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle size is highly plastic and sensitive to a variety of stimuli. Muscle atrophy occurs as the result of changes in multiple signaling pathways that regulate both protein synthesis and degradation. The signaling pathways that are activated or inhibited depend on the specific stimuli that are altered. To view this SnapShot, open of download the PDF.
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Bruno NE, Nwachukwu JC, Hughes DC, Srinivasan S, Hawkins R, Sturgill D, Hager GL, Hurst S, Sheu SS, Bodine SC, Conkright MD, Nettles KW. Activation of Crtc2/Creb1 in skeletal muscle enhances weight loss during intermittent fasting. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21999. [PMID: 34748223 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100171r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Creb-Regulated Transcriptional Coactivator (Crtc) family of transcriptional coregulators drive Creb1-mediated transcription effects on metabolism in many tissues, but the in vivo effects of Crtc2/Creb1 transcription on skeletal muscle metabolism are not known. Skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of Crtc2 (Crtc2 mice) induced greater mitochondrial activity, metabolic flux capacity for both carbohydrates and fats, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increased oxidative capacity, supported by upregulation of key metabolic genes. Crtc2 overexpression led to greater weight loss during alternate day fasting (ADF), selective loss of fat rather than lean mass, maintenance of higher energy expenditure during the fast and reduced binge-eating during the feeding period. ADF downregulated most of the mitochondrial electron transport genes, and other regulators of mitochondrial function, that were substantially reversed by Crtc2-driven transcription. Glucocorticoids acted with AMPK to drive atrophy and mitophagy, which was reversed by Crtc2/Creb1 signaling. Crtc2/Creb1-mediated signaling coordinates metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle that explain how Crtc2/Creb1 regulates metabolism and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson E Bruno
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Jerome C Nwachukwu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - David C Hughes
- Section for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sathish Srinivasan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Richard Hawkins
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - David Sturgill
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Hurst
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Section for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael D Conkright
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Kendall W Nettles
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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11
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Baehr LM, Hughes DC, Lynch SA, Van Haver D, Maia TM, Marshall AG, Radoshevich L, Impens F, Waddell DS, Bodine SC. Identification of the MuRF1 Skeletal Muscle Ubiquitylome Through Quantitative Proteomics. Function (Oxf) 2021; 2:zqab029. [PMID: 34179788 PMCID: PMC8218097 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MuRF1 (TRIM63) is a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase and component of the ubiquitin proteasome system. MuRF1 is transcriptionally upregulated under conditions that cause muscle loss, in both rodents and humans, and is a recognized marker of muscle atrophy. In this study, we used in vivo electroporation to determine whether MuRF1 overexpression alone can cause muscle atrophy and, in combination with ubiquitin proteomics, identify the endogenous MuRF1 substrates in skeletal muscle. Overexpression of MuRF1 in adult mice increases ubiquitination of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, increases expression of genes associated with neuromuscular junction instability, and causes muscle atrophy. A total of 169 ubiquitination sites on 56 proteins were found to be regulated by MuRF1. MuRF1-mediated ubiquitination targeted both thick and thin filament contractile proteins, as well as, glycolytic enzymes, deubiquitinases, p62, and VCP. These data reveal a potential role for MuRF1 in not only the breakdown of the sarcomere but also the regulation of metabolism and other proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah A Lynch
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Delphi Van Haver
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium,VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teresa Mendes Maia
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium,VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lilliana Radoshevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Francis Impens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium,VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David S Waddell
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Wallace MA, Aguirre NW, Marcotte GR, Marshall AG, Baehr LM, Hughes DC, Hamilton KL, Roberts MN, Lopez‐Dominguez JA, Miller BF, Ramsey JJ, Baar K. The ketogenic diet preserves skeletal muscle with aging in mice. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13322. [PMID: 33675103 PMCID: PMC8045940 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of the decline in skeletal muscle mass and function with age, known as sarcopenia, are poorly understood. Nutrition (calorie restriction) interventions impact many cellular processes and increase lifespan and preserve muscle mass and function with age. As we previously observed an increase in life span and muscle function in aging mice on a ketogenic diet (KD), we aimed to investigate the effect of a KD on the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass with age and the potential molecular mechanisms of this action. Twelve‐month‐old mice were assigned to an isocaloric control or KD until 16 or 26 months of age, at which time skeletal muscle was collected for evaluating mass, morphology, and biochemical properties. Skeletal muscle mass was significantly greater at 26 months in the gastrocnemius of mice on the KD. This result in KD mice was associated with a shift in fiber type from type IIb to IIa fibers and a range of molecular parameters including increased markers of NMJ remodeling, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, and antioxidant capacity, while decreasing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, protein synthesis, and proteasome activity. Overall, this study shows the effectiveness of a long‐term KD in mitigating sarcopenia. The diet preferentially preserved oxidative muscle fibers and improved mitochondrial and antioxidant capacity. These adaptations may result in a healthier cellular environment, decreasing oxidative and ER stress resulting in less protein turnover. These shifts allow mice to better maintain muscle mass and function with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita A. Wallace
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
- CellMet Performance Health Perth WA Australia
| | - Nicholas W. Aguirre
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - George R. Marcotte
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Leslie M. Baehr
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - David C. Hughes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Megan N. Roberts
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA
| | | | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology School of Medicine University of California Davis CA USA
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McAuley ABT, Hughes DC, Tsaprouni LG, Varley I, Suraci B, Roos TR, Herbert AJ, Kelly AL. The association of the ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms with athlete status in football: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:200-211. [PMID: 32856541 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1812195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to assess the association of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms with athlete status in football and determine which allele and/or genotypes are most likely to influence this phenotype via a meta-analysis. A comprehensive search identified 17 ACTN3 and 19 ACE studies. Significant associations were shown between the presence of the ACTN3 R allele and professional footballer status (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.18-1.53) and the ACE D allele and youth footballers (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.38). More specifically, the ACTN3 RR genotype (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.23-1.77) and ACE DD genotype (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02-1.63) exhibited the strongest associations, respectively. These findings may be explained by the association of the ACTN3 RR genotype and ACE DD genotype with power-orientated phenotypes and the relative contribution of power-orientated phenotypes to success in football. As such, the results of this review provide further evidence that individual genetic variation may contribute towards athlete status and can differentiate athletes of different competitive playing statuses in a homogenous team-sport cohort. Moreover, the ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms are likely (albeit relatively minor) contributing factors that influence athlete status in football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B T McAuley
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University , Birmingham, UK
| | - David C Hughes
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University , Birmingham, UK
| | - Loukia G Tsaprouni
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University , Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruce Suraci
- Academy Coaching Department, AFC Bournemouth , Bournemouth, UK
| | - Thomas R Roos
- The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology (AISTS), University of Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam J Herbert
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University , Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam L Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University , Birmingham, UK
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14
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Huang XF, Li Z, De Guzman E, Robinson P, Gensler L, Ward MM, Rahbar MH, Lee M, Weisman MH, Macfarlane GJ, Jones GT, Klingberg E, Forsblad-d'Elia H, McCluskey P, Wakefield D, Coombes JS, Fiatarone Singh MA, Mavros Y, Vlahovich N, Hughes DC, Marzo-Ortega H, Van der Horste-Bruinsma I, O'Shea F, Martin TM, Rosenbaum J, Breban M, Jin ZB, Leo P, Reveille JD, Wordsworth BP, Brown MA. Genomewide Association Study of Acute Anterior Uveitis Identifies New Susceptibility Loci. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:3. [PMID: 32492107 PMCID: PMC7415282 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is a common intraocular inflammatory disease. AAU occurs in 30% to 50% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and both conditions are strongly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, implying a shared etiology. This study aims to apply genomewide association study (GWAS) to characterize the genetic associations of AAU and their relationship to the genetics of AS. Methods We undertook the GWAS analyses in 2752 patients with AS with AAU (cases) and 3836 patients with AS without AAU (controls). There were 7,436,415 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available after SNP microarray genotyping, imputation, and quality-control filtering. Results We identified one locus associated with AAU at genomewide significance: rs9378248 (P = 2.69 × 10−8, odds ratio [OR] = 0.78), lying close to HLA-B. Suggestive association was observed at 11 additional loci, including previously reported AS loci ERAP1 (rs27529, P = 2.19 × 10−7, OR = 1.22) and NOS2 (rs2274894, P = 8.22 × 10−7, OR = 0.83). Multiple novel suggestive associations were also identified, including MERTK (rs10171979, P = 2.56 × 10−6, OR = 1.20), KIFAP3 (rs508063, P = 5.64 × 10−7, OR = 1.20), CLCN7 (rs67412457, P = 1.33 × 10−6, OR = 1.25), ACAA2 (rs9947182, P = 9.70 × 10−7, OR = 1.37), and 5 intergenic loci. The SNP-based heritability is approximately 0.5 for AS alone, and is much higher (approximately 0.7) for AS with AAU. Consistent with the high heritability, a genomewide polygenic risk score shows strong power in identifying individuals at high risk of either AS with AAU or AS alone. Conclusions We report here the first GWAS for AAU and identify new susceptibility loci. Our findings confirm the strong overlap in etiopathogenesis of AAU with AS, and also provide new insights into the genetic basis of AAU.
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15
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Hughes DC, Turner DC, Baehr LM, Seaborne RA, Viggars M, Jarvis JC, Gorski PP, Stewart CE, Owens DJ, Bodine SC, Sharples AP. Knockdown of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR5 and its role in skeletal muscle anabolism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C45-C56. [PMID: 33052072 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00432.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UBR5 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase positively associated with anabolism, hypertrophy, and recovery from atrophy in skeletal muscle. The precise mechanisms underpinning UBR5's role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remain unknown. The present study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by silencing the UBR5 gene in vivo. To achieve this aim, we electroporated a UBR5-RNAi plasmid into mouse tibialis anterior muscle to investigate the impact of reduced UBR5 on anabolic signaling MEK/ERK/p90RSK and Akt/GSK3β/p70S6K/4E-BP1/rpS6 pathways. Seven days after UBR5 RNAi electroporation, although reductions in overall muscle mass were not detected, the mean cross-sectional area (CSA) of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive fibers were reduced (-9.5%) and the number of large fibers were lower versus the control. Importantly, UBR5-RNAi significantly reduced total RNA, muscle protein synthesis, ERK1/2, Akt, and GSK3β activity. Although p90RSK phosphorylation significantly increased, total p90RSK protein levels demonstrated a 45% reduction with UBR5-RNAi. Finally, these early events after 7 days of UBR5 knockdown culminated in significant reductions in muscle mass (-4.6%) and larger reductions in fiber CSA (-18.5%) after 30 days. This was associated with increased levels of phosphatase PP2Ac and inappropriate chronic elevation of p70S6K and rpS6 between 7 and 30 days, as well as corresponding reductions in eIF4e. This study demonstrates that UBR5 plays an important role in anabolism/hypertrophy, whereby knockdown of UBR5 culminates in skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel C Turner
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NiH), Institute for Physical Performance, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert A Seaborne
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Viggars
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Jarvis
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr P Gorski
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NiH), Institute for Physical Performance, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NiH), Institute for Physical Performance, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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16
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Elliott BT, Hayes LD, Hughes DC, Burtscher M. Editorial: Exercise as a Countermeasure to Human Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:883. [PMID: 32848842 PMCID: PMC7399164 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T Elliott
- Translational Physiology Research Group, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Hughes DC, Baehr LM, Driscoll JR, Lynch SA, Waddell DS, Bodine SC. Identification and characterization of Fbxl22, a novel skeletal muscle atrophy-promoting E3 ubiquitin ligase. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C700-C719. [PMID: 32783651 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00253.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases have been identified in muscle atrophy-inducing conditions. The purpose of the current study was to explore the functional role of F-box and leucine-rich protein 22 (Fbxl22), and a newly identified splice variant (Fbxl22-193), in skeletal muscle homeostasis and neurogenic muscle atrophy. In mouse C2C12 muscle cells, promoter fragments of the Fbxl22 gene were cloned and fused with the secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter gene to assess the transcriptional regulation of Fbxl22. The tibialis anterior muscles of male C57/BL6 mice (12-16 wk old) were electroporated with expression plasmids containing the cDNA of two Fbxl22 splice variants and tissues collected after 7, 14, and 28 days. Gastrocnemius muscles of wild-type and muscle-specific RING finger 1 knockout (MuRF1 KO) mice were electroporated with an Fbxl22 RNAi or empty plasmid and denervated 3 days posttransfection, and tissues were collected 7 days postdenervation. The full-length gene and novel splice variant are transcriptionally induced early (after 3 days) during neurogenic muscle atrophy. In vivo overexpression of Fbxl22 isoforms in mouse skeletal muscle leads to evidence of myopathy/atrophy, suggesting that both are involved in the process of neurogenic muscle atrophy. Knockdown of Fbxl22 in the muscles of MuRF1 KO mice resulted in significant additive muscle sparing 7 days after denervation. Targeting two E3 ubiquitin ligases appears to have a strong additive effect on protecting muscle mass loss with denervation, and these findings have important implications in the development of therapeutic strategies to treat muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Julia R Driscoll
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Sarah A Lynch
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - David S Waddell
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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18
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McAuley ABT, Hughes DC, Tsaprouni LG, Varley I, Suraci B, Roos TR, Herbert AJ, Kelly AL. Genetic association research in football: A systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:714-752. [PMID: 32466725 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1776401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation is responsible for a large amount of the inter-individual performance disparities seen in sport. As such, in the last ten years genetic association studies have become more common; with one of the most frequently researched sports being football. However, the progress and methodological rigour of genetic association research in football is yet to be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to identify and evaluate all genetic association studies involving football players and outline where and how future research should be directed. Firstly, a systematic search was conducted in the Pubmed and SPORTDiscus databases, which identified 80 eligible studies. Progression analysis revealed that 103 distinct genes have been investigated across multiple disciplines; however, research has predominately focused on the association of the ACTN3 or ACE gene. Furthermore, 55% of the total studies have been published within the last four years; showcasing that genetic association research in football is increasing at a substantial rate. However, there are several methodological inconsistencies which hinder research implications, such as; inadequate description or omission of ethnicity and on-field positions. Furthermore, there is a limited amount of research on several key areas crucial to footballing performance, in particular; psychological related traits. Moving forward, improved research designs, larger sample sizes, and the utilisation of genome-wide and polygenic profiling approaches are recommended. Finally, we introduce the Football Gene Project, which aims to address several of these limitations and ultimately facilitate greater individualised athlete development within football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B T McAuley
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Westbourne Road, Edgbaston, B15 3TN, UK
| | - David C Hughes
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Loukia G Tsaprouni
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruce Suraci
- Academy Coaching Department, AFC Bournemouth, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Thomas R Roos
- The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology (AISTS), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam J Herbert
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam L Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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19
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Hughes DC, Baehr LM, Sharples AP, Bodine SC. The role of UBR5 on Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and muscle mass regulation in mice. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.08938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Melton CA, Hughes DC, Page DL, Phillips MS. Temporal multispectral and 3D analysis of Cerro de Pasco, Peru. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135640. [PMID: 31862591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mining operations across the world often lead to contamination of land, water resources, ecosystems and in some cases, entire communities.Results of recent health and ground sampling studies revealed extensive lead contamination within the populace and around the City of Cerro de Pasco, Peru. Tailings excavated from a large open pit zinc mine in the center of the city have been aggregated in four large stockpiles within close proximity to neighborhoods, schools, and hospitals. Visual comparison of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) imagery from 2001 and Sentinel-2 imagery from 2018 suggests a size increase in one tailing stockpile in particular near the neighborhood of Paragsha. Due to ongoing mining efforts, the hypothesis motivating the work presented here is that Pb-bearing minerals would be detectable through multispectral analysis, an increase in Pb mineral percent abundance would be observed and tailing stockpile volume would be detectable between 2001 and 2016. This hypothesis is tested using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Adaptive Coherence Estimator (ACE), and Jeffries-Matusita distance calculation on ASTER (2001) and Sentinel-2 (2018) VNIR and SWIR bands. Volume and area estimate of tailing stockpiles were calculated using a photogrammetrically derived point cloud. SAM detected the presence of five Pb-bearing minerals around Cerro de Pasco and Paragsha. The results of the temporal SAM analysis displayed an increase of approximately 17% of Pb-bearing minerals around the greater Cerro de Pasco city area and approximately 11% for the neighborhood of Paragsha. Jeffries-Matusita distance results suggest clear correlation between contamination sources and affected locations. Total tailing stockpile volume was measured to be approximately 200,300,000 m3. Volume for Pile 4 was estimated to have increased by approximately 46,000,000 m3 between 2001 and 2018. These presented results will hopefully inspire and guide future remote sensing campaigns, perhaps involving a UAV or aircraft-based hyperspectral instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Melton
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States of America; University of Tennessee, Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, United States of America; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States of America.
| | - D C Hughes
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States of America.
| | - D L Page
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States of America.
| | - M S Phillips
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States of America; University of Tennessee, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, United States of America.
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21
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Hughes DC, Marcotte GR, Baehr LM, West DWD, Marshall AG, Ebert SM, Davidyan A, Adams CM, Bodine SC, Baar K. Alterations in the muscle force transfer apparatus in aged rats during unloading and reloading: impact of microRNA-31. J Physiol 2019; 596:2883-2900. [PMID: 29726007 DOI: 10.1113/jp275833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Force transfer is integral for maintaining skeletal muscle structure and function. One important component is dystrophin. There is limited understanding of how force transfer is impacted by age and loading. Here, we investigate the force transfer apparatus in muscles of adult and old rats exposed to periods of disuse and reloading. Our results demonstrate an increase in dystrophin protein during the reloading phase in the adult tibialis anterior muscle that is delayed in the old muscle. The consequence of this delay is an increased susceptibility towards contraction-induced muscle injury. Central to the lack of dystrophin protein is an increase in miR-31, a microRNA that inhibits dystrophin translation. In vivo electroporation with a miR-31 sponge led to increased dystrophin protein and decreased contraction-induced muscle injury in old skeletal muscle. Overall, our results detail the importance of the force transfer apparatus and provide new mechanisms for contraction-induced injury in ageing skeletal muscle. ABSTRACT In healthy muscle, the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC), the integrin/focal adhesion complex, intermediate filaments and Z-line proteins transmit force from the contractile proteins to the extracellular matrix. How loading and age affect these proteins is poorly understood. The experiments reported here sought to determine the effect of ageing on the force transfer apparatus following muscle unloading and reloading. Adult (9 months) and old (28 months) rats were subjected to 14 days of hindlimb unloading and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of reloading. The DGC complex, intermediate filament and Z-line protein and mRNA levels, as well as dystrophin-targeting miRNAs (miR-31, -146b and -374) were examined in the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius muscles at both ages. There was a significant increase in dystrophin protein levels (2.79-fold) upon 3 days of reloading in the adult TA muscle that did not occur in the old rats (P ≤ 0.05), and the rise in dystrophin protein occurred independent of dystrophin mRNA. The disconnect between dystrophin protein and mRNA levels can partially be explained by age-dependent differences in miR-31. The impaired dystrophin response in aged muscle was followed by an increase in other force transfer proteins (β-dystroglycan, desmuslin and LIM) that was not sufficient to prevent membrane disruption and muscle injury early in the reloading period. Inserting a miR-31 sponge increased dystrophin protein and decreased contraction-induced injury in the TA (P ≤ 0.05). Collectively, these data suggest that increased miR-31 with age contributes to an impaired dystrophin response and increased muscle injury after disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - George R Marcotte
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Daniel W D West
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Scott M Ebert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Arik Davidyan
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
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22
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Seaborne RA, Hughes DC, Turner DC, Owens DJ, Baehr LM, Gorski P, Semenova EA, Borisov OV, Larin AK, Popov DV, Generozov EV, Sutherland H, Ahmetov II, Jarvis JC, Bodine SC, Sharples AP. UBR5 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and recovery from atrophy. J Physiol 2019; 597:3727-3749. [PMID: 31093990 DOI: 10.1113/jp278073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We have recently identified that a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, named UBR5, is altered epigenetically (via DNA methylation) after human skeletal muscle hypertrophy, where its gene expression is positively correlated with increasing lean leg mass after training and retraining. In the present study we extensively investigate this novel and uncharacterised E3 ubiquitin ligase (UBR5) in skeletal muscle atrophy, recovery from atrophy and injury, anabolism and hypertrophy. We demonstrated that UBR5 was epigenetically altered via DNA methylation during recovery from atrophy. We also determined that UBR5 was alternatively regulated versus well characterised E3 ligases, MuRF1/MAFbx, at the gene expression level during atrophy, recovery from atrophy and hypertrophy. UBR5 also increased at the protein level during recovery from atrophy and injury, hypertrophy and during human muscle cell differentiation. Finally, in humans, genetic variations of the UBR5 gene were strongly associated with larger fast-twitch muscle fibres and strength/power performance versus endurance/untrained phenotypes. ABSTRACT We aimed to investigate a novel and uncharacterized E3 ubiquitin ligase in skeletal muscle atrophy, recovery from atrophy/injury, anabolism and hypertrophy. We demonstrated an alternate gene expression profile for UBR5 vs. well characterized E3-ligases, MuRF1/MAFbx, where, after atrophy evoked by continuous-low-frequency electrical-stimulation in rats, MuRF1/MAFbx were both elevated, yet UBR5 was unchanged. Furthermore, after recovery of muscle mass post TTX-induced atrophy in rats, UBR5 was hypomethylated and increased at the gene expression level, whereas a suppression of MuRF1/MAFbx was observed. At the protein level, we also demonstrated a significant increase in UBR5 after recovery of muscle mass from hindlimb unloading in both adult and aged rats, as well as after recovery from atrophy evoked by nerve crush injury in mice. During anabolism and hypertrophy, UBR5 gene expression increased following acute loading in three-dimensional bioengineered mouse muscle in vitro, and after chronic electrical stimulation-induced hypertrophy in rats in vivo, without increases in MuRF1/MAFbx. Additionally, UBR5 protein abundance increased following functional overload-induced hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle in mice and during differentiation of primary human muscle cells. Finally, in humans, genetic association studies (>700,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms) demonstrated that the A alleles of rs10505025 and rs4734621 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the UBR5 gene were strongly associated with larger cross-sectional area of fast-twitch muscle fibres and favoured strength/power vs. endurance/untrained phenotypes. Overall, we suggest that: (i) UBR5 comprises a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase that is inversely regulated to MuRF1/MAFbx; (ii) UBR5 is epigenetically regulated; and (iii) UBR5 is elevated at both the gene expression and protein level during recovery from skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Seaborne
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK.,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel C Turner
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Piotr Gorski
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Borisov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrey K Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil V Popov
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edward V Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hazel Sutherland
- Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan C Jarvis
- Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
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Elkington LJ, Manzanero S, Hughes DC. An update to the AIS-AMA position statement on concussion in sport. Med J Aust 2019; 208:246-248. [PMID: 29614933 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hughes DC, Baehr LM, Driscoll J, Waddell DS, Bodine SC. Overexpression of a Novel E3 Ligase leads to a Skeletal Muscle Myopathy through Alterations in Cytoskeleton Proteins and Enhanced Protein Degradation. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.700.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Hughes
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Leslie M. Baehr
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Julia Driscoll
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North FloridaJacksonvilleFL
| | | | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
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Abstract
The capacity for human exercise performance can be enhanced with prolonged exercise training, whether it is endurance- or strength-based. The ability to adapt through exercise training allows individuals to perform at the height of their sporting event and/or maintain peak physical condition throughout the life span. Our continued drive to understand how to prescribe exercise to maximize health and/or performance outcomes means that our knowledge of the adaptations that occur as a result of exercise continues to evolve. This review will focus on current and new insights into endurance and strength-training adaptations and will highlight important questions that remain as far as how we adapt to training.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, Functional Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Section of Sports Sciences, Lillehammer University College, 2604 Lillehammer, Norway.,Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2380 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, Functional Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
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26
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Manzanero S, Kozlovskaia M, Vlahovich N, Hughes DC. Recruitment and Participation of Recreational Runners in a Large Epidemiological and Genetic Research Study: Retrospective Data Analysis. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e141. [PMID: 29792293 PMCID: PMC5990859 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.8243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the increasing capacity for remote collection of both data and samples for medical research, a thorough assessment is needed to determine the association of population characteristics and recruitment methodologies with response rates. Objective The aim of this research was to assess population representativeness in a two-stage study of health and injury in recreational runners, which consisted of an epidemiological arm and genetic analysis. Methods The cost and success of various classical and internet-based methods were analyzed, and demographic representativeness was assessed for recruitment to the epidemiological survey, reported willingness to participate in the genetic arm of the study, actual participation, sample return, and approval for biobank storage. Results A total of 4965 valid responses were received, of which 1664 were deemed eligible for genetic analysis. Younger age showed a negative association with initial recruitment rate, expressed willingness to participate in genetic analysis, and actual participation. Additionally, female sex was associated with higher initial recruitment rates, and ethnic origin impacted willingness to participate in the genetic analysis (all P<.001). Conclusions The sharp decline in retention through the different stages of the study in young respondents suggests the necessity to develop specific recruitment and retention strategies when investigating a young, physically active population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Manzanero
- Australian Institute of Sport, Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Sports Commission, Bruce, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Maria Kozlovskaia
- Australian Institute of Sport, Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Sports Commission, Bruce, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Nicole Vlahovich
- Australian Institute of Sport, Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Sports Commission, Bruce, Australia
| | - David C Hughes
- Australian Institute of Sport, Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Sports Commission, Bruce, Australia
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27
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Varley I, Hughes DC, Greeves JP, Fraser WD, Sale C. SNPs in the vicinity of P2X7R, RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt signalling pathways and their association with bone phenotypes in academy footballers. Bone 2018; 108:179-185. [PMID: 29325759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genotype plays an important role in influencing bone phenotypes, such as bone mineral density, but the role of genotype in determining responses of bone to exercise has yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To determine whether 10 SNPs associated with genes in the vicinity of P2X7R, RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt Signalling Pathways are associated with bone phenotypes in elite academy footballers (Soccer players) and to determine whether these genotypes are associated with training induced changes in bone. Design, participants, and methods: 99 elite academy footballers volunteered to participate. Peripheral computed tomography of the tibia (4%, 14%, 38% and 66% sites) was performed immediately before and 12 weeks after an increase in football training volume. Genotypes were determined using proprietary fluorescence-based competitive allele-specific PCR assays. RESULTS No significant genotype by time interactions were shown for any of the SNPs analysed (P > .05). A main effect of genotype was shown. SOST SNP rs1877632 (trabecular density), P2X7R SNPs rs1718119 (cortical thickness and CSA), rs3751143 (SSI, CSA, cortical CSA and periosteal circumference) RANK/RANKL/OPG SNPs rs9594738 (periosteal circumference), rs1021188 (cortical thickness and CSA) and rs9594759 (cortical density) were associated with bone phenotypes (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS No association was shown between P2X7R, RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt Signalling SNPs and a change in bone phenotypes following 12 weeks of increased training volume in elite academy footballers. However, SNPs were associated with bone phenotypes pre training. These data highlight the complexity of the interaction between SNPs in the vicinity of the RANK/RANKL/OPG, P2X7R and Wnt metabolic regulatory pathways and bone phenotypes in elite academy footballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Edgbaston B15 3TN, UK.
| | | | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, UK.
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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Kozlovskaia M, Vlahovich N, Rathbone E, Manzanero S, Keogh J, Hughes DC. A profile of health, lifestyle and training habits of 4720 Australian recreational runners-The case for promoting running for health benefits. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 30:172-179. [PMID: 30972899 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED The aim of this study was to characterise lifestyle and training habits of a large cohort of Australian recreational runners. Understanding the health benefits of recreational running and differentiating between the habits of males and females may allow for the development of gender-specific messaging for promoting recreational running as a form of physical activity. METHODS An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 4720 Australian recreational runners. Data on physical, lifestyle and training characteristics of male and female subgroups were compared using chi-square tests. Multiple logistic regression method was used to assess the effect of running experience on the reported clinically significant weight loss. RESULTS The study cohort was 54.1% female and 45.9% male. Smoking was uncommon among surveyed runners. The most typical weekly running distance in the cohort was 20-40 km, usually distributed by 2-5 running sessions. Significantly more males than females reported running over 40 km per week (29.9% vs 18.9%, P < .001) and running at least six sessions per week (11.5% vs 6.7%, P < .001). The majority (72.9%) of runners had normal BMI, and the cohort reported a lower overweight/obesity rate than the Australian population. The logistic regression model indicated that commencing running may lead to a clinically significant weight loss irrespectively of sex, participation in other sports and injury history. CONCLUSION Recreational running was associated with beneficial health outcomes. Commencement of running is associated with weight loss, and regular running supports healthy weight maintenance. Male and female runners had different running preferences which should be taken into account for physical activity promotion. SO WHAT?: Captured health outcomes associated with running and described sex differences in training patterns may assist in development of physical activity promotion programmes involving recreational running, particularly targeting weight loss and healthy weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kozlovskaia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicole Vlahovich
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Evelyne Rathbone
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Silvia Manzanero
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Justin Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
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Dugdale HF, Hughes DC, Allan R, Deane CS, Coxon CR, Morton JP, Stewart CE, Sharples AP. The role of resveratrol on skeletal muscle cell differentiation and myotube hypertrophy during glucose restriction. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 444:109-123. [PMID: 29189984 PMCID: PMC6002440 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Glucose restriction (GR) impairs muscle cell differentiation and evokes myotube atrophy. Resveratrol treatment in skeletal muscle cells improves inflammatory-induced reductions in skeletal muscle cell differentiation. We therefore hypothesised that resveratrol treatment would improve muscle cell differentiation and myotube hypertrophy in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts and mature myotubes during GR. Glucose restriction at 0.6 g/L (3.3 mM) blocked differentiation and myotube hypertrophy versus high-glucose (4.5 g/L or 25 mM) differentiation media (DM) conditions universally used for myoblast culture. Resveratrol (10 µM) treatment increased SIRT1 phosphorylation in DM conditions, yet did not improve differentiation when administered to differentiating myoblasts in GR conditions. Resveratrol did evoke increases in hypertrophy of mature myotubes under DM conditions with corresponding elevated Igf-I and Myhc7 gene expression, coding for the ‘slow’ type I MYHC protein isoform. Inhibition of SIRT1 via EX-527 administration (100 nM) also reduced myotube diameter and area in DM conditions and resulted in lower gene expression of Myhc 1, 2 and 4 coding for ‘intermediate’ and ‘faster’ IIx, IIa and IIb protein isoforms, respectively. Resveratrol treatment did not appear to modulate phosphorylation of energy-sensing protein AMPK or protein translation initiator P70S6K. Importantly, in mature myotubes, resveratrol treatment was able to ameliorate reduced myotube growth in GR conditions over an acute 24-h period, but not over 48–72 h. Overall, resveratrol evoked myotube hypertrophy in DM conditions while favouring ‘slower’ Myhc gene expression and acutely ameliorated impaired myotube growth observed during glucose restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Dugdale
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research (SCAMP) Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG), Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Robert Allan
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Colleen S Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christopher R Coxon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research (SCAMP) Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG), Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research (SCAMP) Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG), Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, The Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK. .,Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research (SCAMP) Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG), Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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30
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Vlahovich N, Hughes DC, Griffiths LR, Wang G, Pitsiladis YP, Pigozzi F, Bachl N, Eynon N. Genetic testing for exercise prescription and injury prevention: AIS-Athlome consortium-FIMS joint statement. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:818. [PMID: 29143596 PMCID: PMC5688405 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been considerable growth in basic knowledge and understanding of how genes are influencing response to exercise training and predisposition to injuries and chronic diseases. On the basis of this knowledge, clinical genetic tests may in the future allow the personalisation and optimisation of physical activity, thus providing an avenue for increased efficiency of exercise prescription for health and disease. Results This review provides an overview of the current status of genetic testing for the purposes of exercise prescription and injury prevention. As such there are a variety of potential uses for genetic testing, including identification of risks associated with participation in sport and understanding individual response to particular types of exercise. However, there are many challenges remaining before genetic testing has evidence-based practical applications; including adoption of international standards for genomics research, as well as resistance against the agendas driven by direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies. Here we propose a way forward to develop an evidence-based approach to support genetic testing for exercise prescription and injury prevention. Conclusion Based on current knowledge, there is no current clinical application for genetic testing in the area of exercise prescription and injury prevention, however the necessary steps are outlined for the development of evidence-based clinical applications involving genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Vlahovich
- Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), Australian Sports Commission, Canberra, Australia
| | - David C Hughes
- Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), Australian Sports Commission, Canberra, Australia.,University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Guan Wang
- Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK.,Department of Movement Human and Health Sciences University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement Human and Health Sciences University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nobert Bachl
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Sports and Exercise Physiology, Centre for Sports Science and University Sports of the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
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Manzanero S, Elkington LJ, Praet SF, Lovell G, Waddington G, Hughes DC. Post-concussion recovery in children and adolescents: A narrative review. Journal of Concussion 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2059700217726874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine if current evidence supports a slower recovery from concussion in children and adolescents when compared to adults, and to assess current management guidelines in view of this evidence. Design Narrative review. Methods We examined key recent research studies relating to the question “do children take longer to recover from concussion than adults?” Concussion management strategies and a sample of guidelines from different organisations were analysed in view of the current literature. Results Recovery has been defined as return to baseline on self-reported concussion symptoms or measures of cognitive deficit. Some studies have compared measures of recovery between children and young adults, and a number of cross-sectional studies have compared groups of children of different ages. The findings varied; however, most studies suggested that children may take longer to recover than adults. Age-related differences have been considered when designing guidelines for the management of concussion. Conclusions In view of the differences in time to recovery in children, this review supports the use of more conservative concussion management guidelines in children than in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Manzanero
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Lisa J Elkington
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
| | - Stephan F Praet
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Greg Lovell
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
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Tuttle JA, Chrismas BCR, Gibson OR, Barrington JH, Hughes DC, Castle PC, Metcalfe AJ, Midgley AW, Pearce O, Kabir C, Rayanmarakar F, Al-Ali S, Lewis MP, Taylor L. The Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA Responses to Hot Downhill Running Are Reduced Following a Prior Bout of Hot Downhill Running, and Occur Concurrently within Leukocytes and the Vastus Lateralis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:473. [PMID: 28747888 PMCID: PMC5506191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukocyte heat shock response (HSR) is used to determine individual's thermotolerance. The HSR and thermotolerance are enhanced following interventions such as preconditioning and/or acclimation/acclimatization. However, it is unclear whether the leukocyte HSR is an appropriate surrogate for the HSR in other tissues implicated within the pathophysiology of exertional heat illnesses (e.g., skeletal muscle), and whether an acute preconditioning strategy (e.g., downhill running) can improve subsequent thermotolerance. Physically active, non-heat acclimated participants were split into two groups to investigate the benefits of hot downhill running as preconditioning strategy. A hot preconditioning group (HPC; n = 6) completed two trials (HPC1HOTDOWN and HPC2HOTDOWN) of 30 min running at lactate threshold (LT) on -10% gradient in 30°C and 50% relative humidity (RH) separated by 7 d. A temperate preconditioning group (TPC; n = 5) completed 30 min running at LT on a -1% gradient in 20°C and 50% (TPC1TEMPFLAT) and 7 d later completed 30 min running at LT on -10% gradient in 30°C and 50% RH (TPC2HOTDOWN). Venous blood samples and muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis; VL) were obtained before, immediately after, 3, 24, and 48 h after each trial. Leukocyte and VL Hsp72, Hsp90α, and Grp78 mRNA relative expression was determined via RT-QPCR. Attenuated leukocyte and VL Hsp72 (2.8 to 1.8 fold and 5.9 to 2.4 fold; p < 0.05) and Hsp90α mRNA (2.9 to 2.4 fold and 5.2 to 2.4 fold; p < 0.05) responses accompanied reductions (p < 0.05) in physiological strain [exercising rectal temperature (-0.3°C) and perceived muscle soreness (~ -14%)] during HPC2HOTDOWN compared to HPC1HOTDOWN (i.e., a preconditioning effect). Both VL and leukocyte Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA increased (p < 0.05) simultaneously following downhill runs and demonstrated a strong relationship (p < 0.01) of similar magnitudes with one another. Hot downhill running is an effective preconditioning strategy which ameliorates physiological strain, soreness and Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA responses to a subsequent bout. Leukocyte and VL analyses are appropriate tissues to infer the extent to which the HSR has been augmented.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Tuttle
- Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology Research Group, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of BedfordshireBedford, United Kingdom
| | - Bryna C R Chrismas
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar
| | - Oliver R Gibson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - James H Barrington
- Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology Research Group, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of BedfordshireBedford, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
| | - Paul C Castle
- Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology Research Group, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of BedfordshireBedford, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Metcalfe
- Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology Research Group, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of BedfordshireBedford, United Kingdom.,School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edgehill UniversityOrmskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Pearce
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Chindu Kabir
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sami Al-Ali
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Lewis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, United Kingdom.,ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDoha, Qatar
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33
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Kozlovskaia M, Vlahovich N, Ashton KJ, Hughes DC. Biomedical Risk Factors of Achilles Tendinopathy in Physically Active People: a Systematic Review. Sports Med Open 2017; 3:20. [PMID: 28523640 PMCID: PMC5436990 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-017-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Achilles tendinopathy is the most prevalent tendon disorder in people engaged in running and jumping sports. Aetiology of Achilles tendinopathy is complex and requires comprehensive research of contributing risk factors. There is relatively little research focussing on potential biomedical risk factors for Achilles tendinopathy. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify studies and summarise current knowledge of biomedical risk factors of Achilles tendinopathy in physically active people. Methods Research databases were searched for relevant articles followed by assessment in accordance with PRISMA statement and standards of Cochrane collaboration. Levels of evidence and quality assessment designation were implemented in accordance with OCEBM levels of evidence and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, respectively. Results A systematic review of the literature identified 22 suitable articles. All included studies had moderate level of evidence (2b) with the Newcastle-Ottawa score varying between 6 and 9. The majority (17) investigated genetic polymorphisms involved in tendon structure and homeostasis and apoptosis and inflammation pathways. Overweight as a risk factor of Achilles tendinopathy was described in five included studies that investigated non-genetic factors. COL5A1 genetic variants were the most extensively studied, particularly in association with genetic variants in the genes involved in regulation of cell-matrix interaction in tendon and matrix homeostasis. It is important to investigate connections and pathways whose interactions might be disrupted and therefore alter collagen structure and lead to the development of pathology. Polymorphisms in genes involved in apoptosis and inflammation, and Achilles tendinopathy did not show strong association and, however, should be considered for further investigation. Conclusions This systematic review suggests that biomedical risk factors are an important consideration in the future study of propensity to the development of Achilles tendinopathy. The presence of certain medical comorbidities and genetic markers should be considered when contemplating the aetiology of Achilles tendinopathy. Further elucidation of biomedical risk factors will aid in the understanding of tendon pathology and patient risk, thereby informing prevention and management strategies for Achilles tendinopathy. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42016036558
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kozlovskaia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, 1 Leverrier Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia.
| | - Nicole Vlahovich
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, 1 Leverrier Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, 1 Leverrier Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia
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Hughes DC, Marcotte GR, Marshall AG, West DWD, Baehr LM, Wallace MA, Saleh PM, Bodine SC, Baar K. Age-related Differences in Dystrophin: Impact on Force Transfer Proteins, Membrane Integrity, and Neuromuscular Junction Stability. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:640-648. [PMID: 27382038 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle strength with age has been studied from the perspective of a decline in muscle mass and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) stability. A third potential factor is force transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the force transfer apparatus within aging muscle and the impact on membrane integrity and NMJ stability. We measured an age-related loss of dystrophin protein that was greatest in the flexor muscles. The loss of dystrophin protein occurred despite a twofold increase in dystrophin mRNA. Importantly, this disparity could be explained by the four- to fivefold upregulation of the dystromir miR-31. To compensate for the loss of dystrophin protein, aged muscle contained increased α-sarcoglycan, syntrophin, sarcospan, laminin, β1-integrin, desmuslin, and the Z-line proteins α-actinin and desmin. In spite of the adaptive increase in other force transfer proteins, over the 48 hours following lengthening contractions, the old muscles showed more signs of impaired membrane integrity (fourfold increase in immunoglobulin G-positive fibers and 70% greater dysferlin mRNA) and NMJ instability (14- to 96-fold increases in Runx1, AchRδ, and myogenin mRNA). Overall, these data suggest that age-dependent alterations in dystrophin leave the muscle membrane and NMJ more susceptible to contraction-induced damage even before changes in muscle mass are obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
| | - Daniel W D West
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
| | | | | | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
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35
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Elkington LJ, Hughes DC. Australian Institute of Sport and Australian Medical Association position statement on concussion in sport. Med J Aust 2017; 206:46-50. [DOI: 10.5694/mja16.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Girven M, Dugdale HF, Owens DJ, Hughes DC, Stewart CE, Sharples AP. l-glutamine Improves Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation and Prevents Myotube Atrophy After Cytokine (TNF-α) Stress Via Reduced p38 MAPK Signal Transduction. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2720-32. [PMID: 26991744 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) is chronically elevated in conditions where skeletal muscle loss occurs. As l-glutamine can dampen the effects of inflamed environments, we investigated the role of l-glutamine in both differentiating C2C12 myoblasts and existing myotubes in the absence/presence of TNF-α (20 ng · ml(-1) ) ± l-glutamine (20 mM). TNF-α reduced the proportion of cells in G1 phase, as well as biochemical (CK activity) and morphological differentiation (myotube number), with corresponding reductions in transcript expression of: Myogenin, Igf-I, and Igfbp5. Furthermore, when administered to mature myotubes, TNF-α induced myotube loss and atrophy underpinned by reductions in Myogenin, Igf-I, Igfbp2, and glutamine synthetase and parallel increases in Fox03, Cfos, p53, and Bid gene expression. Investigation of signaling activity suggested that Akt and ERK1/2 were unchanged, JNK increased (non-significantly) whereas P38 MAPK substantially and significantly increased in both myoblasts and myotubes in the presence of TNF-α. Importantly, 20 mM l-glutamine reduced p38 MAPK activity in TNF-α conditions back to control levels, with a corresponding rescue of myoblast differentiation and a reversal of atrophy in myotubes. l-glutamine resulted in upregulation of genes associated with growth and survival including; Myogenin, Igf-Ir, Myhc2 & 7, Tnfsfr1b, Adra1d, and restored atrophic gene expression of Fox03 back to baseline in TNF-α conditions. In conclusion, l-glutamine supplementation rescued suppressed muscle cell differentiation and prevented myotube atrophy in an inflamed environment via regulation of p38 MAPK. l-glutamine administration could represent an important therapeutic strategy for reducing muscle loss in catabolic diseases and inflamed ageing. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: 231: 2720-2732, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Girven
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah F Dugdale
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris 13, France
| | - David C Hughes
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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37
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Varley I, Greeves JP, Sale C, Friedman E, Moran DS, Yanovich R, Wilson PJ, Gartland A, Hughes DC, Stellingwerff T, Ranson C, Fraser WD, Gallagher JA. Functional polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor gene are associated with stress fracture injury. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:103-13. [PMID: 26825304 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Military recruits and elite athletes are susceptible to stress fracture injuries. Genetic predisposition has been postulated to have a role in their development. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) gene, a key regulator of bone remodelling, is a genetic candidate that may contribute to stress fracture predisposition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the putative contribution of P2X7R to stress fracture injury in two separate cohorts, military personnel and elite athletes. In 210 Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) military conscripts, stress fracture injury was diagnosed (n = 43) based on symptoms and a positive bone scan. In a separate cohort of 518 elite athletes, self-reported medical imaging scan-certified stress fracture injuries were recorded (n = 125). Non-stress fracture controls were identified from these cohorts who had a normal bone scan or no history or symptoms of stress fracture injury. Study participants were genotyped for functional SNPs within the P2X7R gene using proprietary fluorescence-based competitive allele-specific PCR assay. Pearson's chi-squared (χ (2)) tests, corrected for multiple comparisons, were used to assess associations in genotype frequencies. The variant allele of P2X7R SNP rs3751143 (Glu496Ala-loss of function) was associated with stress fracture injury, whilst the variant allele of rs1718119 (Ala348Thr-gain of function) was associated with a reduced occurrence of stress fracture injury in military conscripts (P < 0.05). The association of the variant allele of rs3751143 with stress fractures was replicated in elite athletes (P < 0.05), whereas the variant allele of rs1718119 was also associated with reduced multiple stress fracture cases in elite athletes (P < 0.05). The association between independent P2X7R polymorphisms with stress fracture prevalence supports the role of a genetic predisposition in the development of stress fracture injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Headquarters Army Recruiting and Training Division, Trenchard Lines, Upavon, Pewsey, Wilts SN9 6BE, UK.
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Daniel S Moran
- Ariel and Heller Institue, Sheba Medical Center, Ariel University, Ramat Gen, Israel.
| | - Ran Yanovich
- Ariel and Heller Institue, Sheba Medical Center, Ariel University, Ramat Gen, Israel.
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Alison Gartland
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - David C Hughes
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Trent Stellingwerff
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Pacific Institute for Sport Excellence, Victoria, BC, V9E 2C5, Canada.
| | - Craig Ranson
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK. .,Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, NR4 7UY, UK.
| | - James A Gallagher
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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Domaschenz R, Vlahovich N, Keogh J, Compton S, Hughes DC. Exercise-Induced Tendon and Bone Injury in Recreational Runners: A Test-Retest Reliability Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2015; 4:e117. [PMID: 36262008 PMCID: PMC6858051 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long-distance runners are prone to injuries including Achilles tendinopathy and medial tibial stress syndrome. We have developed an Internet comprehensive self-report questionnaire examining the medical history, injury history, and running habits of adult recreational runners. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate two alternative forms of test-retest reliability of a comprehensive self-report Internet questionnaire retrospectively examining the medical history, injury history, and running habits among a sample of adult recreational runners. This will contribute to the broad aims of a wider study investigating genetics and running injury. Methods Invitations to complete an Internet questionnaire were sent by email to a convenience pilot population (test group 1). Inclusion criteria required participants to be a recreational runner age 18 or over, who ran over 15 km per week on a consistent basis. The survey questions addressed regular running habits and any injuries (including signs, symptoms, and diagnosis) of the lower limbs that resulted in discontinuation of running for a period of 2 consecutive weeks or more, within the last 2 years. Questions also addressed general health, age, sex, height, weight, and ethnic background. Participants were then asked to repeat the survey using the Internet platform again after 10-14 days. Following analysis of test group 1, we soft-launched the survey to a larger population (test group 2), through a local running club of 900 members via email platform. The same inclusion criteria applied, however, participants were asked to complete a repeat of the survey by telephone interview after 7-10 days. Selected key questions, important to clarify inclusion or exclusion from the wider genetics study, were selected to evaluate test-retest reliability. Reliability was quantified using the kappa coefficient for categorical data. Results
In response to the invitation, 28 participants accessed the survey from test group 1, 23 completed the Internet survey on the first occasion, and 20 completed the Internet retest within 10-21 days. Test-retest reliability scored moderate to almost perfect (kappa=.41 to .99) for 19/19 of the key questions analyzed. Following the invitation, 122 participants accessed the survey from test group 2, 101 completed the Internet survey on the first occasion, and 50 were randomly selected and contacted by email inviting them to repeat the survey by telephone interview. There were 33 participants that consented to the telephone interview and 30 completed the questionnaire within 7-10 days. Test-retest reliability scored moderate to almost perfect for 18/19 (kappa=.41 to .99) and slight for 1/19 of the key questions analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae Domaschenz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Australian Sports Commission, Bruce, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Nicole Vlahovich
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Australian Sports Commission, Bruce, Australia
| | - Justin Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Stacey Compton
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Australian Sports Commission, Bruce, Australia
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Australian Sports Commission, Bruce, Australia
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Sharples AP, Polydorou I, Hughes DC, Owens DJ, Hughes TM, Stewart CE. Skeletal muscle cells possess a 'memory' of acute early life TNF-α exposure: role of epigenetic adaptation. Biogerontology 2015; 17:603-17. [PMID: 26349924 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sufficient quantity and quality of skeletal muscle is required to maintain lifespan and healthspan into older age. The concept of skeletal muscle programming/memory has been suggested to contribute to accelerated muscle decline in the elderly in association with early life stress such as fetal malnutrition. Further, muscle cells in vitro appear to remember the in vivo environments from which they are derived (e.g. cancer, obesity, type II diabetes, physical inactivity and nutrient restriction). Tumour-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is chronically elevated in sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. Higher TNF-α levels are strongly correlated with muscle loss, reduced strength and therefore morbidity and earlier mortality. We have extensively shown that TNF-α impairs regenerative capacity in mouse and human muscle derived stem cells [Meadows et al. (J Cell Physiol 183(3):330-337, 2000); Foulstone et al. (J Cell Physiol 189(2):207-215, 2001); Foulstone et al. (Exp Cell Res 294(1):223-235, 2004); Stewart et al. (J Cell Physiol 198(2):237-247, 2004); Al-Shanti et al. (Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) 26(2):61-73, 2008); Saini et al. (Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) 26(5):239-253, 2008); Sharples et al. (J Cell Physiol 225(1):240-250, 2010)]. We have also recently established an epigenetically mediated mechanism (SIRT1-histone deacetylase) regulating survival of myoblasts in the presence of TNF-α [Saini et al. (Exp Physiol 97(3):400-418, 2012)]. We therefore wished to extend this work in relation to muscle memory of catabolic stimuli and the potential underlying epigenetic modulation of muscle loss. To enable this aim; C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in the absence or presence of early TNF-α (early proliferative lifespan) followed by 30 population doublings in the absence of TNF-α, prior to the induction of differentiation in low serum media (LSM) in the absence or presence of late TNF-α (late proliferative lifespan). The cells that received an early plus late lifespan dose of TNF-α exhibited reduced morphological (myotube number) and biochemical (creatine kinase activity) differentiation vs. control cells that underwent the same number of proliferative divisions but only a later life encounter with TNF-α. This suggested that muscle cells had a morphological memory of the acute early lifespan TNF-α encounter. Importantly, methylation of myoD CpG islands were increased in the early TNF-α cells, 30 population doublings later, suggesting that even after an acute encounter with TNF-α, the cells have the capability of retaining elevated methylation for at least 30 cellular divisions. Despite these fascinating findings, there were no further increases in myoD methylation or changes in its gene expression when these cells were exposed to a later TNF-α dose suggesting that this was not directly responsible for the decline in differentiation observed. In conclusion, data suggest that elevated myoD methylation is retained throughout muscle cells proliferative lifespan as result of early life TNF-α treatment and has implications for the epigenetic control of muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Ioanna Polydorou
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - David C Hughes
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas M Hughes
- Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan, Ghent, Belgium.,Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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40
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Sharples AP, Hughes DC, Deane CS, Saini A, Selman C, Stewart CE. Longevity and skeletal muscle mass: the role of IGF signalling, the sirtuins, dietary restriction and protein intake. Aging Cell 2015; 14:511-23. [PMID: 25866088 PMCID: PMC4531066 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle (SkM) mass and function. Given the worldwide aging demographics, this is a major contributor to morbidity, escalating socio-economic costs and ultimately mortality. Previously, it has been established that a decrease in regenerative capacity in addition to SkM loss with age coincides with suppression of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathways. However, genetic or pharmacological modulations of these highly conserved pathways have been observed to significantly enhance life and healthspan in various species, including mammals. This therefore provides a controversial paradigm in which reduced regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle tissue with age potentially promotes longevity of the organism. This paradox will be assessed and considered in the light of the following: (i) the genetic knockout, overexpression and pharmacological models that induce lifespan extension (e.g. IRS-1/s6K KO, mTOR inhibition) versus the important role of these signalling pathways in SkM growth and adaptation; (ii) the role of the sirtuins (SIRTs) in longevity versus their emerging role in SkM regeneration and survival under catabolic stress; (iii) the role of dietary restriction and its impact on longevity versus skeletal muscle mass regulation; (iv) the crosstalk between cellular energy metabolism (AMPK/TSC2/SIRT1) and survival (FOXO) versus growth and repair of SkM (e.g. AMPK vs. mTOR); and (v) the impact of protein feeding in combination with dietary restriction will be discussed as a potential intervention to maintain SkM mass while increasing longevity and enabling healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing & Molecular Physiology Unit; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES); Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG); Liverpool John Moores University; Tom Reilly Building Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - David C. Hughes
- Stem Cells, Ageing & Molecular Physiology Unit; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES); Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG); Liverpool John Moores University; Tom Reilly Building Liverpool L3 3AF UK
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior; University of California; Davis California CA 95616 USA
| | - Colleen S. Deane
- MRC/ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research; School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Royal Derby Hospital; Derby DE22 3DT UK
- School of Health and Social Care; Bournemouth University; Bournemouth BH12 5BB UK
| | - Amarjit Saini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 171 77 Sweden
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER); Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Claire E. Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing & Molecular Physiology Unit; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES); Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG); Liverpool John Moores University; Tom Reilly Building Liverpool L3 3AF UK
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Abstract
The loss of muscle strength and increased injury rate in aging skeletal muscle has previously been attributed to loss of muscle protein (cross-sectional area) and/or decreased neural activation. However, it is becoming clear that force transfer within and between fibers plays a significant role in this process as well. Force transfer involves a secondary matrix of proteins that align and transmit the force produced by the thick and thin filaments along muscle fibers and out to the extracellular matrix. These specialized networks of cytoskeletal proteins aid in passing force through the muscle and also serve to protect individual fibers from injury. This review discusses the cytoskeleton proteins that have been identified as playing a role in muscle force transmission, both longitudinally and laterally, and where possible highlights how disease, aging, and exercise influence the expression and function of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Marita A Wallace
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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Varley I, Hughes DC, Greeves JP, Fraser WD, Sale C. Genetic Associations with Changes in Bone Phenotypes in Academy Soccer Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478645.55413.8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hughes DC, Baehr LM, West DWD, Bodine SC, Baar K. Alterations In The Muscle Force Transfer Apparatus In Aged Rats During Unloading And Reloading. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000479033.52193.a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sale C, Hughes DC, Greeves JP, Stellingwerff T, Ranson C, Fraser WD, Varley I. The Association of a Sclerostin Encoding SNP with Stress Fracture Occurrence in Elite Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478646.55413.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Varley I, Hughes DC, Greeves JP, Stellingwerff T, Ranson C, Fraser WD, Sale C. RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway: genetic associations with stress fracture period prevalence in elite athletes. Bone 2015; 71:131-6. [PMID: 25464125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The RANK/RANKL/OPG signalling pathway is important in the regulation of bone turnover, with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes within this pathway associated with bone phenotypic adaptations. OBJECTIVE To determine whether four SNPs associated with genes in the RANK/RANKL/OPG signalling pathway were associated with stress fracture injury in elite athletes. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND METHODS Radiologically confirmed stress fracture history was reported in 518 elite athletes, forming the Stress Fracture Elite Athlete (SFEA) cohort. Data were analysed for the whole group and were sub-stratified into male and cases of multiple stress fracture groups. Genotypes were determined using proprietary fluorescence-based competitive allele-specific PCR assays. RESULTS SNPs rs3018362 (RANK) and rs1021188 (RANKL) were associated with stress fracture injury (P<0.05). 8.1% of the stress fracture group and 2.8% of the non-stress fracture group were homozygote for the rare allele of rs1021188. Allele frequency, heterozygotes and homozygotes for the rare allele of rs3018362 were associated with stress fracture period prevalence (P<0.05). Analysis of the male only group showed 8.2% of rs1021188 rare allele homozygotes had suffered a stress fracture whilst 2.5% of the non-stress fracture group were homozygous. In cases of multiple stress fractures, homozygotes for the rare allele of rs1021188 and individuals possessing at least one copy of the rare allele of rs4355801 (OPG) were shown to be associated with stress fracture injury (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data support an association between SNPs in the RANK/RANKL/OPG signalling pathway and the development of stress fracture injury. The association of rs3018362 (RANK) and rs1021188 (RANKL) with stress fracture injury susceptibility supports their role in the maintenance of bone health and offers potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Varley
- Biomedical Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - David C Hughes
- Biomedical Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Headquarters Army Recruiting and Training Division, UK.
| | | | - Craig Ranson
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| | | | - Craig Sale
- Biomedical Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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Littleton SM, Hughes DC, Gopinath B, Robinson BJ, Poustie SJ, Smith PN, Cameron ID. The health status of people claiming compensation for musculoskeletal injuries following road traffic crashes is not altered by an early intervention programme: a comparative study. Injury 2014; 45:1493-9. [PMID: 24931358 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare health outcomes among claimants compared to those who were ineligible or choose not to lodge a compensation claim. We also evaluated the effect of an early intervention programme on the health outcomes of the participants. DESIGN Prospective comparative study using sequential cohorts. SUBJECTS People presenting to hospital emergency departments with mild to moderate musculoskeletal injuries following road traffic crashes. INTERVENTION referral to an early intervention programme for assessment by musculoskeletal physician, pain management education, promotion of self-management and encouragement of early activity. MAIN OUTCOMES The 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Functional Rating Index (FRI) scores were assessed at post-crash and at 12 months. RESULTS At 12 months, mean scores in six and five of the SF-36 domains were significantly lower among participants who claimed compensation versus those who chose not to claim or were ineligible, respectively. Differences in mean SF-36 scores ranged from 3.0 ('general health perception') to 8.0 units ('role limitations due to physical problems'). Participants who claimed compensation had 6.3- and 4.6-units lower SF-36 physical component score compared to those who were ineligible (p=0.001) or chose not to claim (p=0.01), respectively. Participants who claimed compensation reported a worse HADS-depression score of 6.46 versus 4.97 and 4.69 observed in those who were ineligible (p=0.04) or did not claim (p=0.01). Claimants had worse FRI scores compared to non-claimants (p=0.01) and those who were ineligible (p=0.01). The early intervention did not improve health outcomes, 12 months after injury. CONCLUSIONS Claiming compensation was associated with a worse health status for people with soft tissue injuries caused by road traffic crashes. The health status in people claiming compensation was not altered by an early intervention programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Littleton
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Australia.
| | - D C Hughes
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Australia
| | - B Gopinath
- Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - B J Robinson
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Australia
| | - S J Poustie
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Australia
| | - P N Smith
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Australia; Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, Canberra Hospital, Australia
| | - I D Cameron
- Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
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Varley I, Hughes DC, Greeves JP, Stellingwerff T, Ranson C, Fraser WD, Sale C. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the P2X7 Receptor Gene are Associated with Stress Fracture Risk. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000493275.00496.1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sale C, Hughes DC, Greeves JP, Stellingwerff T, Ranson C, Fraser WD, Varley I. Rankl/rank/opg Pathway. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000493990.33112.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Littleton SM, Hughes DC, Poustie SJ, Robinson BJ, Neeman T, Smith PN, Cameron ID. An early intervention programme had no detectable influence on the health status of people with musculoskeletal injuries following road traffic crashes: comparative study. Injury 2014; 45:304-11. [PMID: 22770872 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the health status of people with minor injuries from road traffic crashes that are exposed to an early, active intervention programme (intervention group) with those receiving usual care (control group) over a 12 month period. DESIGN Prospective comparative study using sequential cohorts. SUBJECTS People presenting to hospital emergency departments with mild to moderate musculoskeletal injuries following road traffic crashes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) health status measure; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Functional Rating Index (FRI) recorded immediately post-crash, at 6 months and at 12 months after injury. RESULTS There were 95 participants allocated to the control group and 98 allocated to the intervention group. Participants were enrolled at a mean of 9.3 days following the crash. There were no significant differences in baseline health measures between the groups. Apart from a small improvement in anxiety for the intervention group, there were no significant differences in health status between the groups. Twenty percent of participants in the intervention group received treatment from external healthcare providers that was inconsistent with the recommendations of the intervention programme. CONCLUSIONS The intervention programme failed to result in a clinically significant improvement in health outcomes compared with usual care. There is some evidence to suggest that the intervention had some psychological benefits, as evidenced by the small improvement in anxiety levels. Limited adherence, frequent use of co-interventions, or other factors (such as intervention content or intensity) may have reduced its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Littleton
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Australia.
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Deane CS, Hughes DC, Sculthorpe N, Lewis MP, Stewart CE, Sharples AP. Impaired hypertrophy in myoblasts is improved with testosterone administration. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:152-61. [PMID: 23714396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of testosterone (T) to restore differentiation in multiple population doubled (PD) murine myoblasts, previously shown to have a reduced differentiation in monolayer and bioengineered skeletal muscle cultures vs. their parental controls (CON) (Sharples et al., 2011, 2012 [7,26]). Cells were exposed to low serum conditions in the presence or absence of T (100nM)±PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) for 72h and 7 days (early and late muscle differentiation respectively). Morphological analyses were performed to determine myotube number, diameter (μm) and myonuclear accretion as indices of differentiation and myotube hypertrophy. Changes in gene expression for myogenin, mTOR and myostatin were also performed. Myotube diameter in CON and PD cells increased from 17.32±2.56μm to 21.02±1.89μm and 14.58±2.66μm to 18.29±3.08μm (P≤0.05) respectively after 72h of T exposure. The increase was comparable in both PD (+25%) and CON cells (+21%) suggesting a similar intrinsic ability to respond to exogenous T administration. T treatment also significantly increased myonuclear accretion (% of myotubes expressing 5+ nuclei) in both cell types after 7 days exposure (P≤0.05). Addition of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) in the presence of T attenuated these effects in myotube morphology (in both cell types) suggesting a role for the PI3K pathway in T stimulated hypertrophy. Finally, PD myoblasts showed reduced responsiveness to T stimulated mRNA expression of mTOR vs. CON cells and T also reduced myostatin expression in PD myoblasts only. The present study demonstrates testosterone administration improves hypertrophy in myoblasts that basally display impaired differentiation and hypertrophic capacity vs. their parental controls, the action of testosterone in this model was mediated by PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Deane
- Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology Research Group (MCMPRG), Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, UK; School of Health and Social Care, Bournemouth University, UK
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