1
|
Si L, Zhang S, Su X, Li M. Structural basis for the distinct core-antenna assembly of cryptophyte photosystem II. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6812. [PMID: 39122741 PMCID: PMC11316039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light-driven charge separation and water oxidation reactions of photosynthesis. Eukaryotic PSII core is usually associated with membrane-embedded light-harvesting antennae, which greatly increase the absorbance cross-section of the core. The peripheral antennae in different phototrophs vary considerably in protein composition and arrangement. Photosynthetic cryptophytes possess chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (CACs) that serve as their antennae. How these CACs assemble with the PSII core remains unclear. Here, we report the 2.57-Å resolution structure of cryptophyte PSII-CAC purified from cells at nitrogen-limited stationary growth phase. We show that each monomer of the PSII homodimer contains a core complex, six chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (CACs) and a previously unseen chlorophyll-binding protein (termed CAL-II). Six CACs are arranged as a double-layered arc-shaped non-parallel belt, and two such belts attach to the dimeric core from opposite sides. The CAL-II simultaneously interacts with a number of core subunits and five CACs. The distinct organization of CACs and the presence of CAL-II may play a critical role in stabilizing the dimeric PSII-CAC complex under stress conditions. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the assembly and function of the PSII-CAC complex as well as the possible adaptation of cryptophytes in response to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Si
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Milrad Y, Mosebach L, Buchert F. Regulation of Microalgal Photosynthetic Electron Transfer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2103. [PMID: 39124221 PMCID: PMC11314055 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The global ecosystem relies on the metabolism of photosynthetic organisms, featuring the ability to harness light as an energy source. The most successful type of photosynthesis utilizes a virtually inexhaustible electron pool from water, but the driver of this oxidation, sunlight, varies on time and intensity scales of several orders of magnitude. Such rapid and steep changes in energy availability are potentially devastating for biological systems. To enable a safe and efficient light-harnessing process, photosynthetic organisms tune their light capturing, the redox connections between core complexes and auxiliary electron mediators, ion passages across the membrane, and functional coupling of energy transducing organelles. Here, microalgal species are the most diverse group, featuring both unique environmental adjustment strategies and ubiquitous protective mechanisms. In this review, we explore a selection of regulatory processes of the microalgal photosynthetic apparatus supporting smooth electron flow in variable environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Milrad
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Buchert
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mao Z, Li X, Li Z, Shen L, Li X, Yang Y, Wang W, Kuang T, Shen JR, Han G. Structure and distinct supramolecular organization of a PSII-ACPII dimer from a cryptophyte alga Chroomonas placoidea. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4535. [PMID: 38806516 PMCID: PMC11133340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptophyte algae are an evolutionarily distinct and ecologically important group of photosynthetic unicellular eukaryotes. Photosystem II (PSII) of cryptophyte algae associates with alloxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (ACPs) to act as the peripheral light-harvesting system, whose supramolecular organization is unknown. Here, we purify the PSII-ACPII supercomplex from a cryptophyte alga Chroomonas placoidea (C. placoidea), and analyze its structure at a resolution of 2.47 Å using cryo-electron microscopy. This structure reveals a dimeric organization of PSII-ACPII containing two PSII core monomers flanked by six symmetrically arranged ACPII subunits. The PSII core is conserved whereas the organization of ACPII subunits exhibits a distinct pattern, different from those observed so far in PSII of other algae and higher plants. Furthermore, we find a Chl a-binding antenna subunit, CCPII-S, which mediates interaction of ACPII with the PSII core. These results provide a structural basis for the assembly of antennas within the supercomplex and possible excitation energy transfer pathways in cryptophyte algal PSII, shedding light on the diversity of supramolecular organization of photosynthetic machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Mao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Guangdong, China
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China
- Academician Workstation of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Area of the Yellow River Delta, National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, 257300, Dongying, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China
- Academician Workstation of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Area of the Yellow River Delta, National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, 257300, Dongying, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China.
- Academician Workstation of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Area of the Yellow River Delta, National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, 257300, Dongying, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang S, Si L, Su X, Zhao X, An X, Li M. Growth phase-dependent reorganization of cryptophyte photosystem I antennae. Commun Biol 2024; 7:560. [PMID: 38734819 PMCID: PMC11088674 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic cryptophytes are eukaryotic algae that utilize membrane-embedded chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (CACs) and lumen-localized phycobiliproteins (PBPs) as their light-harvesting antennae. Cryptophytes go through logarithmic and stationary growth phases, and may adjust their light-harvesting capability according to their particular growth state. How cryptophytes change the type/arrangement of the photosynthetic antenna proteins to regulate their light-harvesting remains unknown. Here we solve four structures of cryptophyte photosystem I (PSI) bound with CACs that show the rearrangement of CACs at different growth phases. We identify a cryptophyte-unique protein, PsaQ, which harbors two chlorophyll molecules. PsaQ specifically binds to the lumenal region of PSI during logarithmic growth phase and may assist the association of PBPs with photosystems and energy transfer from PBPs to photosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Si
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin An
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schomaker RA, Richardson TL, Dudycha JL. Consequences of light spectra for pigment composition and gene expression in the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3280-3297. [PMID: 37845005 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Algae with a more diverse suite of pigments can, in principle, exploit a broader swath of the light spectrum through chromatic acclimation, the ability to maximize light capture via plasticity of pigment composition. We grew Rhodomonas salina in wide-spectrum, red, green, and blue environments and measured how pigment composition differed. We also measured expression of key light-capture and photosynthesis-related genes and performed a transcriptome-wide expression analysis. We observed the highest concentration of phycoerythrin in green light, consistent with chromatic acclimation. Other pigments showed trends inconsistent with chromatic acclimation, possibly due to feedback loops among pigments or high-energy light acclimation. Expression of some photosynthesis-related genes was sensitive to spectrum, although expression of most was not. The phycoerythrin α-subunit was expressed two-orders of magnitude greater than the β-subunit even though the peptides are needed in an equimolar ratio. Expression of genes related to chlorophyll-binding and phycoerythrin concentration were correlated, indicating a potential synthesis relationship. Pigment concentrations and expression of related genes were generally uncorrelated, implying post-transcriptional regulation of pigments. Overall, most differentially expressed genes were not related to photosynthesis; thus, examining associations between light spectrum and other organismal functions, including sexual reproduction and glycolysis, may be important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tammi L Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- School of the Earth, Ocean, & Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffry L Dudycha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mendes CRB, Costa RR, Ferreira A, Jesus B, Tavano VM, Dotto TS, Leal MC, Kerr R, Islabão CA, Franco ADODR, Mata MM, Garcia CAE, Secchi ER. Cryptophytes: An emerging algal group in the rapidly changing Antarctic Peninsula marine environments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1791-1808. [PMID: 36656050 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a climatically sensitive region where foundational changes at the basis of the food web have been recorded; cryptophytes are gradually outgrowing diatoms together with a decreased size spectrum of the phytoplankton community. Based on a 11-year (2008-2018) in-situ dataset, we demonstrate a strong coupling between biomass accumulation of cryptophytes, summer upper ocean stability, and the mixed layer depth. Our results shed light on the environmental conditions favoring the cryptophyte success in coastal regions of the WAP, especially during situations of shallower mixed layers associated with lower diatom biomass, which evidences a clear competition or niche segregation between diatoms and cryptophytes. We also unravel the cryptophyte photo-physiological niche by exploring its capacity to thrive under high light stress normally found in confined stratified upper layers. Such conditions are becoming more frequent in the Antarctic coastal waters and will likely have significant future implications at various levels of the marine food web. The competitive advantage of cryptophytes in environments with significant light level fluctuations was supported by laboratory experiments that revealed a high flexibility of cryptophytes to grow in different light conditions driven by a fast photo-regulating response. All tested physiological parameters support the hypothesis that cryptophytes are highly flexible regarding their growing light conditions and extremely efficient in rapidly photo-regulating changes to environmental light levels. This plasticity would give them a competitive advantage in exploiting an ecological niche where light levels fluctuate quickly. These findings provide new insights on niche separation between diatoms and cryptophytes, which is vital for a thorough understanding of the WAP marine ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rafael Borges Mendes
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Raul Rodrigo Costa
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Afonso Ferreira
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências, MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Jesus
- Laboratoire Mer Molécules Santé, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Virginia Maria Tavano
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Tiago Segabinazzi Dotto
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Miguel Costa Leal
- Departamento de Biologia, ECOMARE, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Kerr
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Carolina Antuarte Islabão
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Andréa de Oliveira da Rocha Franco
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Mauricio M Mata
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Eiras Garcia
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Resende Secchi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Falciatore A, Bailleul B, Boulouis A, Bouly JP, Bujaldon S, Cheminant-Navarro S, Choquet Y, de Vitry C, Eberhard S, Jaubert M, Kuras R, Lafontaine I, Landier S, Selles J, Vallon O, Wostrikoff K. Light-driven processes: key players of the functional biodiversity in microalgae. C R Biol 2022; 345:15-38. [PMID: 36847462 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are prominent aquatic organisms, responsible for about half of the photosynthetic activity on Earth. Over the past two decades, breakthroughs in genomics and ecosystem biology, as well as the development of genetic resources in model species, have redrawn the boundaries of our knowledge on the relevance of these microbes in global ecosystems. However, considering their vast biodiversity and complex evolutionary history, our comprehension of algal biology remains limited. As algae rely on light, both as their main source of energy and for information about their environment, we focus here on photosynthesis, photoperception, and chloroplast biogenesis in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and marine diatoms. We describe how the studies of light-driven processes are key to assessing functional biodiversity in evolutionary distant microalgae. We also emphasize that integration of laboratory and environmental studies, and dialogues between different scientific communities are both timely and essential to understand the life of phototrophs in complex ecosystems and to properly assess the consequences of environmental changes on aquatic environments globally.
Collapse
|
8
|
Moya R, Norris AC, Spangler LC, Scholes GD, Schlau-Cohen GS. Observation of conformational dynamics in single light-harvesting proteins from cryptophyte algae. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:035102. [PMID: 35868944 PMCID: PMC9894659 DOI: 10.1063/5.0095763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms use pigment-protein complexes to capture the sunlight that powers most life on earth. Within these complexes, the position of the embedded pigments is all optimized for light harvesting. At the same time, the protein scaffold undergoes thermal fluctuations that vary the structure, and, thus, photophysics, of the complexes. While these variations are averaged out in ensemble measurements, single-molecule spectroscopy provides the ability to probe these conformational changes. We used single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy to identify the photophysical substates reflective of distinct conformations and the associated conformational dynamics in phycoerythrin 545 (PE545), a pigment-protein complex from cryptophyte algae. Rapid switching between photophysical states was observed, indicating that ensemble measurements average over a conformational equilibrium. A highly quenched conformation was also identified, and its population increased under high light. This discovery establishes that PE545 has the characteristics to serve as a photoprotective site. Finally, unlike homologous proteins from the evolutionarily related cyanobacteria and red algae, quenching was not observed upon photobleaching, which may allow for robust photophysics without the need for rapid repair or replacement machinery. Collectively, these observations establish the presence of a rich and robust set of conformational states of PE545. Cryptophytes exhibit particularly diverse energetics owing to the variety of microenvironments in which they survive, and the conformational states and dynamics reported here may provide photophysical flexibility that contributes to their remarkable ability to flourish under diverse conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Moya
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Audrey C. Norris
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Leah C. Spangler
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Gabriela S. Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng Z, He B, Guo ML, Xie X, Huan L, Zhang B, Shao Z, Wang G. Overexpression of OHPs in Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) reveals their possible physiological roles. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Spangler LC, Yu M, Jeffrey PD, Scholes GD. Controllable Phycobilin Modification: An Alternative Photoacclimation Response in Cryptophyte Algae. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:340-350. [PMID: 35350600 PMCID: PMC8949638 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryptophyte algae are well-known for their ability to survive under low light conditions using their auxiliary light harvesting antennas, phycobiliproteins. Mainly acting to absorb light where chlorophyll cannot (500-650 nm), phycobiliproteins also play an instrumental role in helping cryptophyte algae respond to changes in light intensity through the process of photoacclimation. Until recently, photoacclimation in cryptophyte algae was only observed as a change in the cellular concentration of phycobiliproteins; however, an additional photoacclimation response was recently discovered that causes shifts in the phycobiliprotein absorbance peaks following growth under red, blue, or green light. Here, we reproduce this newly identified photoacclimation response in two species of cryptophyte algae and elucidate the origin of the response on the protein level. We compare isolated native and photoacclimated phycobiliproteins for these two species using spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and we report the X-ray structures of each phycobiliprotein and the corresponding photoacclimated complex. We find that neither the protein sequences nor the protein structures are modified by photoacclimation. We conclude that cryptophyte algae change one chromophore in the phycobiliprotein β subunits in response to changes in the spectral quality of light. Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy shows that the energy transfer is weakly affected by photoacclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah C. Spangler
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mina Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Philip D. Jeffrey
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Antenna Protein Clustering In Vitro Unveiled by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062969. [PMID: 33804002 PMCID: PMC8000295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenna protein aggregation is one of the principal mechanisms considered effective in protecting phototrophs against high light damage. Commonly, it is induced, in vitro, by decreasing detergent concentration and pH of a solution of purified antennas; the resulting reduction in fluorescence emission is considered to be representative of non-photochemical quenching in vivo. However, little is known about the actual size and organization of antenna particles formed by this means, and hence the physiological relevance of this experimental approach is questionable. Here, a quasi-single molecule method, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), was applied during in vitro quenching of LHCII trimers from higher plants for a parallel estimation of particle size, fluorescence, and antenna cluster homogeneity in a single measurement. FCS revealed that, below detergent critical micelle concentration, low pH promoted the formation of large protein oligomers of sizes up to micrometers, and therefore is apparently incompatible with thylakoid membranes. In contrast, LHCII clusters formed at high pH were smaller and homogenous, and yet still capable of efficient quenching. The results altogether set the physiological validity limits of in vitro quenching experiments. Our data also support the idea that the small, moderately quenching LHCII oligomers found at high pH could be relevant with respect to non-photochemical quenching in vivo.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hughes DJ, Giannini FC, Ciotti AM, Doblin MA, Ralph PJ, Varkey D, Verma A, Suggett DJ. Taxonomic Variability in the Electron Requirement for Carbon Fixation Across Marine Phytoplankton. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:111-127. [PMID: 32885422 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry (FRRf) has been increasingly used to measure marine primary productivity by oceanographers to understand how carbon (C) uptake patterns vary over space and time in the global ocean. As FRRf measures electron transport rates through photosystem II (ETRPSII ), a critical, but difficult to predict conversion factor termed the "electron requirement for carbon fixation" (Φe,C ) is needed to scale ETRPSII to C-fixation rates. Recent studies have generally focused on understanding environmental regulation of Φe,C , while taxonomic control has been explored by only a handful of laboratory studies encompassing a limited diversity of phytoplankton species. We therefore assessed Φe,C for a wide range of marine phytoplankton (n = 17 strains) spanning multiple taxonomic and size classes. Data mined from previous studies were further considered to determine whether Φe,C variability could be explained by taxonomy versus other phenotypic traits influencing growth and physiological performance (e.g., cell size). We found that Φe,C exhibited considerable variability (~4-10 mol e- · [mol C]-1 ) and was negatively correlated with growth rate (R2 = 0.7, P < 0.01). Diatoms exhibited a lower Φe,C compared to chlorophytes during steady-state, nutrient-replete growth. Inclusion of meta-analysis data did not find significant relationships between Φe,C and class, or growth rate, although confounding factors inherent to methodological inconsistencies between studies likely contributed to this. Knowledge of empirical relationships between Φe,C and growth rate coupled with recent improvements in quantifying phytoplankton growth rates in situ, facilitate up-scaling of FRRf campaigns to routinely derive Φe,C needed to assess ocean C-cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Hughes
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Fernanda C Giannini
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Laboratorio Aquarela, Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar/USP) - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rodovia Manoel Hypolito Rego, km 131.5, Sao Sebastiao, SP, Brazil
| | - Aurea M Ciotti
- Laboratorio Aquarela, Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar/USP) - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rodovia Manoel Hypolito Rego, km 131.5, Sao Sebastiao, SP, Brazil
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Deepa Varkey
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Arjun Verma
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Šebelík V, West R, Trsková EK, Kaňa R, Polívka T. Energy transfer pathways in the CAC light-harvesting complex of Rhodomonas salina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148280. [PMID: 32717221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms had to evolve diverse mechanisms of light-harvesting to supply photosynthetic apparatus with enough energy. Cryptophytes represent one of the groups of photosynthetic organisms combining external and internal antenna systems. They contain one type of immobile phycobiliprotein located at the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane, together with membrane-bound chlorophyll a/c antenna (CAC). Here we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study energy transfer pathways in the CAC proteins of cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina. The major CAC carotenoid, alloxanthin, is a cryptophyte-specific carotenoid, and it is the only naturally-occurring carotenoid with two triple bonds in its structure. In order to explore the energy transfer pathways within the CAC complex, three excitation wavelengths (505, 590, and 640 nm) were chosen to excite pigments in the CAC antenna. The excitation of Chl c at either 590 or 640 nm proves efficient energy transfer between Chl c and Chl a. The excitation of alloxanthin at 505 nm shows an active pathway from the S2 state with efficiency around 50%, feeding both Chl a and Chl c with approximately 1:1 branching ratio, yet, the S1-route is rather inefficient. The 57 ps energy transfer time to Chl a gives ~25% efficiency of the S1 channel. The low efficiency of the S1 route renders the overall carotenoid-Chl energy transfer efficiency low, pointing to the regulatory role of alloxanthin in the CAC antenna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šebelík
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert West
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Kuthanová Trsková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Streckaite S, Macernis M, Li F, Kuthanová Trsková E, Litvin R, Yang C, Pascal AA, Valkunas L, Robert B, Llansola-Portoles MJ. Modeling Dynamic Conformations of Organic Molecules: Alkyne Carotenoids in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2792-2801. [PMID: 32163283 PMCID: PMC7313542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Calculating
the spectroscopic properties of complex conjugated
organic molecules in their relaxed state is far from simple. An additional complexity arises for
flexible molecules in solution, where the rotational energy barriers
are low enough so that nonminimum conformations may become dynamically
populated. These metastable conformations quickly relax during the
minimization procedures preliminary to density functional theory calculations,
and so accounting for their contribution to the experimentally observed
properties is problematic. We describe a strategy for stabilizing
these nonminimum conformations in silico, allowing
their properties to be calculated. Diadinoxanthin and alloxanthin
present atypical vibrational properties in solution, indicating the
presence of several conformations. Performing energy calculations in vacuo and polarizable continuum model calculations in
different solvents, we found three different conformations with values
for the δ dihedral angle of the end ring ca. 0, 180, and 90°
with respect to the plane of the conjugated chain. The latter conformation,
a nonglobal minimum, is not stable during the minimization necessary
for modeling its spectroscopic properties. To circumvent this classical
problem, we used a Car–Parinello MD supermolecular approach,
in which diadinoxanthin was solvated by water molecules so that metastable
conformations were stabilized by hydrogen-bonding interactions. We
progressively removed the number of solvating waters to find the minimum
required for this stabilization. This strategy represents the first
modeling of a carotenoid in a distorted conformation and provides
an accurate interpretation of the experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Streckaite
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mindaugas Macernis
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Fei Li
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Eliška Kuthanová Trsková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvin
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Molecular Compounds Physics Department, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Bruno Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Oliveira-Júnior RG, Nicolau E, Bonnet A, Prunier G, Beaugeard L, Joguet N, Thiéry V, Picot L. Carotenoids from Rhodomonas salina Induce Apoptosis and Sensitize A2058 Melanoma Cells to Chemotherapy. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
16
|
Lacour T, Babin M, Lavaud J. Diversity in Xanthophyll Cycle Pigments Content and Related Nonphotochemical Quenching (NPQ) Among Microalgae: Implications for Growth Strategy and Ecology. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:245-263. [PMID: 31674660 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophyll cycle-related nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), which is present in most photoautotrophs, allows dissipation of excess light energy. Xanthophyll cycle-related NPQ depends principally on xanthophyll cycle pigments composition and their effective involvement in NPQ. Xanthophyll cycle-related NPQ is tightly controlled by environmental conditions in a species-/strain-specific manner. These features are especially relevant in microalgae living in a complex and highly variable environment. The goal of this study was to perform a comparative assessment of NPQ ecophysiologies across microalgal taxa in order to underline the specific involvement of NPQ in growth adaptations and strategies. We used both published results and data acquired in our laboratory to understand the relationships between growth conditions (irradiance, temperature, and nutrient availability), xanthophyll cycle composition, and xanthophyll cycle pigments quenching efficiency in microalgae from various taxa. We found that in diadinoxanthin-containing species, the xanthophyll cycle pigment pool is controlled by energy pressure in all species. At any given energy pressure, however, the diatoxanthin content is higher in diatoms than in other diadinoxanthin-containing species. XC pigments quenching efficiency is species-specific and decreases with acclimation to higher irradiances. We found a clear link between the natural light environment of species/ecotypes and quenching efficiency amplitude. The presence of diatoxanthin or zeaxanthin at steady state in all species examined at moderate and high irradiances suggests that cells maintain a light-harvesting capacity in excess to cope with potential decrease in light intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory UMI3376, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Johann Lavaud
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory UMI3376, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Green BR. What Happened to the Phycobilisome? Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110748. [PMID: 31752285 PMCID: PMC6921069 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phycobilisome (PBS) is the major light-harvesting complex of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, red algae, and glaucophyte algae. In spite of the fact that it is very well structured to absorb light and transfer it efficiently to photosynthetic reaction centers, it has been completely lost in the green algae and plants. It is difficult to see how selection alone could account for such a major loss. An alternative scenario takes into account the role of chance, enabled by (contingent on) the evolution of an alternative antenna system early in the diversification of the three lineages from the first photosynthetic eukaryote.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beverley R Green
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6N 3T7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaňa R, Kotabová E, Šedivá B, Kuthanová Trsková E. Photoprotective strategies in the motile cryptophyte alga Rhodomonas salina-role of non-photochemical quenching, ions, photoinhibition, and cell motility. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:691-703. [PMID: 31352667 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We explored photoprotective strategies in a cryptophyte alga Rhodomonas salina. This cryptophytic alga represents phototrophs where chlorophyll a/c antennas in thylakoids are combined with additional light-harvesting system formed by phycobiliproteins in the chloroplast lumen. The fastest response to excessive irradiation is induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The maximal NPQ appears already after 20 s of excessive irradiation. This initial phase of NPQ is sensitive to Ca2+ channel inhibitor (diltiazem) and disappears, also, in the presence of non-actin, an ionophore for monovalent cations. The prolonged exposure to high light of R. salina cells causes photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) that can be further enhanced when Ca2+ fluxes are inhibited by diltiazem. The light-induced reduction in PSII photochemical activity is smaller when compared with immotile diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We explain this as a result of their different photoprotective strategies. Besides the protective role of NPQ, the motile R. salina also minimizes high light exposure by increased cell velocity by almost 25% percent (25% from 82 to 104 μm/s). We suggest that motility of algal cells might have a photoprotective role at high light because algal cell rotation around longitudinal axes changes continual irradiation to periodically fluctuating light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Šedivá
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Kuthanová Trsková
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Student of Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Büchel C. Light harvesting complexes in chlorophyll c-containing algae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148027. [PMID: 31153887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Besides the so-called 'green lineage' of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms that include vascular plants, a huge variety of different algal groups exist that also harvest light by means of membrane intrinsic light harvesting proteins (Lhc). The main taxa of these algae are the Cryptophytes, Haptophytes, Dinophytes, Chromeridae and the Heterokonts, the latter including diatoms, brown algae, Xanthophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae amongst others. Despite the similarity in Lhc proteins between vascular plants and these algae, pigmentation is significantly different since no Chl b is bound, but often replaced by Chl c, and a large diversity in carotenoids functioning in light harvesting and/or photoprotection is present. Due to the presence of Chl c in most of the taxa the name 'Chl c-containing organisms' has become common, however, Chl b-less is more precise since some harbour Lhc proteins that only bind one type of Chl, Chl a. In recent years huge progress has been made about the occurrence and function of Lhc in diatoms, so-called fucoxanthin chlorophyll proteins (FCP), where also the first molecular structure became available recently. In addition, especially energy transfer amongst the unusual pigments bound was intensively studied in many of these groups. This review summarises the present knowledge about the molecular structure, the arrangement of the different Lhc in complexes, the excitation energy transfer abilities and the involvement in photoprotection of the different Lhc systems in the so-called Chl c-containing organisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Light harvesting, edited by Dr. Roberta Croce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Non-photochemical quenching in the cells of the carotenogenic chlorophyte Haematococcus lacustris under favorable conditions and under stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1429-1442. [PMID: 31075358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The microalga Haematococcus lacustris (formerly H. pluvialis) is the richest source of the valuable pigment astaxanthin, accumulated in red aplanospores (haematocysts). In this work, we report on the photoprotective mechanisms in H. lacustris, conveying this microalga its ability to cope with a wide range of adverse conditions, with special emphasis put on non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited chlorophyll states. We studied the changes in the primary photochemistry of the photosystems (PS) as a function of irradiance and the physiological state. We leveraged the transcriptomic data to gain a deeper insight into possible NPQ mechanisms in this microalga. Peculiar to H. lacustris is a bi-phasic pattern of changes in photoprotection during haematocyst formation. The first phase coincides with a transient rise of photosynthetic activity. Based on transcriptomic data, high NPQ level in the first phase is maintained predominantly by the expression of PsbS and LhcsR proteins. Then, (in mature haematocysts), stress tolerance is achieved by optical shielding by astaxanthin and dramatic reduction of photosynthetic apparatus. In contrast to many microalgae, shielding plays an important role in H. lacistris haematocysts, whereas regulated NPQ is suppressed. Astaxanthin is decoupled from the PS, hence the light energy is not transferred to reaction centers and dissipates as heat. It allows to retain a higher photochemical yield in haematocysts comparing to vegetative cells. The ability of H. lacustris to substitute the "classical" active photoprotective mechanisms such as NPQ with optic shielding and general metabolism quiescence makes this organism a useful model to reveal photoprotection mechanisms.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kuthanová Trsková E, Bína D, Santabarbara S, Sobotka R, Kaňa R, Belgio E. Isolation and characterization of CAC antenna proteins and photosystem I supercomplex from the cryptophytic alga Rhodomonas salina. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:309-319. [PMID: 30677144 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we report an improved method combining sucrose density gradient with ion-exchange chromatography for the isolation of pure chlorophyll a/c antenna proteins from the model cryptophytic alga Rhodomonas salina. Antennas were used for in vitro quenching experiments in the absence of xanthophylls, showing that protein aggregation is a plausible mechanism behind non-photochemical quenching in R. salina. From sucrose gradient, it was also possible to purify a functional photosystem I supercomplex, which was in turn characterized by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. R. salina photosystem I showed a remarkably fast photochemical trapping rate, similar to what recently reported for other red clade algae such as Chromera velia and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The method reported therefore may also be suitable for other still partially unexplored algae, such as cryptophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Kuthanová Trsková
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Erica Belgio
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Harrison JW, Beecraft L, Smith REH. Implications of irradiance exposure and non-photochemical quenching for multi-wavelength (bbe FluoroProbe) fluorometry. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:36-48. [PMID: 30286338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multi-wavelength fluorometers, such as the bbe FluoroProbe (FP), measure excitation spectra of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) fluorescence to infer the abundance and composition of phytoplankton communities as well as the concentration of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Experiments were conducted on laboratory cultures and on natural communities of freshwater phytoplankton to determine how the response of phytoplankton to high irradiance might affect fluorometric estimates of community composition and concentrations of Chl-a and CDOM. Cultures of a representative cyanobacterium, bacillariophyte, synurophyte, cryptophyte, and chlorophyte revealed changes in Chl-a excitation spectra as irradiance was increased to saturating levels and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased. The degree of change and resulting classification error varied among taxa, being strong for the synurophyte and cryptophyte but minimal for the cyanobacterium. Acute-exposure experiments on phytoplankton communities of varying taxonomic composition from five lakes yielded variable results on apparent community composition. There was a consistent decrease in CDOM estimates, whereas Chl-a estimates were generally increased. Subsequent exposure to low PAR relaxed NPQ and tended to reverse the effects of high irradiance on composition, total Chl-a, and CDOM estimates. Relaxation experiments on near-surface communities in a sixth, large lake, Georgian Bay, showed that total Chl-a estimates increased by 44% on average when dark treatments were used to relax NPQ, though, in contrast to the findings from the small lakes, there was little effect on CDOM estimates. We observed a statistically-significant, negative linear relationship between the photon flux density of in situ irradiance and the accuracy of taxonomic assignment by FP in Georgian Bay. Not discounting the correlations between light intensity and the accuracy of the FP that were observed in this study, we conclude that the applicability of the reference spectra to the system under investigation is a more important consideration than variability in natural irradiance conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel W Harrison
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Laura Beecraft
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph E H Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The evolution of the photoprotective antenna proteins in oxygenic photosynthetic eukaryotes. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1263-1277. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms require rapid and reversible down-regulation of light harvesting to avoid photodamage. Response to unpredictable light fluctuations is achieved by inducing energy-dependent quenching, qE, which is the major component of the process known as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. qE is controlled by the operation of the xanthophyll cycle and accumulation of specific types of proteins, upon thylakoid lumen acidification. The protein cofactors so far identified to modulate qE in photosynthetic eukaryotes are the photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) and light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR/LHCX) proteins. A transition from LHCSR- to PsbS-dependent qE took place during the evolution of the Viridiplantae (also known as ‘green lineage’ organisms), such as green algae, mosses and vascular plants. Multiple studies showed that LHCSR and PsbS proteins have distinct functions in the mechanism of qE. LHCX(-like) proteins are closely related to LHCSR proteins and found in ‘red lineage’ organisms that contain secondary red plastids, such as diatoms. Although LHCX proteins appear to control qE in diatoms, their role in the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we present the current knowledge on the functions and evolution of these crucial proteins, which evolved in photosynthetic eukaryotes to optimise light harvesting.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kuthanová Trsková E, Belgio E, Yeates AM, Sobotka R, Ruban AV, Kaňa R. Antenna proton sensitivity determines photosynthetic light harvesting strategy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4483-4493. [PMID: 29955883 PMCID: PMC6093471 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) represents an effective way to dissipate the light energy absorbed in excess by most phototrophs. It is often claimed that NPQ formation/relaxation kinetics are determined by xanthophyll composition. We, however, found that, for the alveolate alga Chromera velia, this is not the case. In the present paper, we investigated the reasons for the constitutive high rate of quenching displayed by the alga by comparing its light harvesting strategies with those of a model phototroph, the land plant Spinacia oleracea. Experimental results and in silico studies support the idea that fast quenching is due not to xanthophylls, but to intrinsic properties of the Chromera light harvesting complex (CLH) protein, related to amino acid composition and protein folding. The pKa for CLH quenching was shifted by 0.5 units to a higher pH compared with higher plant antennas (light harvesting complex II; LHCII). We conclude that, whilst higher plant LHCIIs are better suited for light harvesting, CLHs are 'natural quenchers' ready to switch into a dissipative state. We propose that organisms with antenna proteins intrinsically more sensitive to protons, such as C. velia, carry a relatively high concentration of violaxanthin to improve their light harvesting. In contrast, higher plants need less violaxanthin per chlorophyll because LHCII proteins are more efficient light harvesters and instead require co-factors such as zeaxanthin and PsbS to accelerate and enhance quenching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Kuthanová Trsková
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech republic
| | - Erica Belgio
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Anna M Yeates
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech republic
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kieselbach T, Cheregi O, Green BR, Funk C. Proteomic analysis of the phycobiliprotein antenna of the cryptophyte alga Guillardia theta cultured under different light intensities. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:149-163. [PMID: 28540588 PMCID: PMC5784005 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae have developed various light-harvesting mechanisms for optimal delivery of excitation energy to the photosystems. Cryptophyte algae have evolved a novel soluble light-harvesting antenna utilizing phycobilin pigments to complement the membrane-intrinsic Chl a/c-binding LHC antenna. This new antenna consists of the plastid-encoded β-subunit, a relic of the ancestral phycobilisome, and a novel nuclear-encoded α-subunit unique to cryptophytes. Together, these proteins form the active α1β·α2β-tetramer. In all cryptophyte algae investigated so far, the α-subunits have duplicated and diversified into a large gene family. Although there is transcriptional evidence for expression of all these genes, the X-ray structures determined to date suggest that only two of the α-subunit genes might be significantly expressed at the protein level. Using proteomics, we show that in phycoerythrin 545 (PE545) of Guillardia theta, the only cryptophyte with a sequenced genome, all 20 α-subunits are expressed when the algae grow under white light. The expression level of each protein depends on the intensity of the growth light, but there is no evidence for a specific light-dependent regulation of individual members of the α-subunit family under the growth conditions applied. GtcpeA10 seems to be a special member of the α-subunit family, because it consists of two similar N- and C-terminal domains, which likely are the result of a partial tandem gene duplication. The proteomics data of this study have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium and have the dataset identifiers PXD006301 and 10.6019/PXD006301.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Otilia Cheregi
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Beverley R. Green
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Novotný JP, Chughtai AA, Kostrouchová M, Kostrouchová V, Kostrouch D, Kaššák F, Kaňa R, Schierwater B, Kostrouchová M, Kostrouch Z. Trichoplax adhaerens reveals a network of nuclear receptors sensitive to 9- cis-retinoic acid at the base of metazoan evolution. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3789. [PMID: 28975052 PMCID: PMC5624297 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoplax adhaerens, the only known species of Placozoa is likely to be closely related to an early metazoan that preceded branching of Cnidaria and Bilateria. This animal species is surprisingly well adapted to free life in the World Ocean inhabiting tidal costal zones of oceans and seas with warm to moderate temperatures and shallow waters. The genome of T. adhaerens (sp. Grell) includes four nuclear receptors, namely orthologue of RXR (NR2B), HNF4 (NR2A), COUP-TF (NR2F) and ERR (NR3B) that show a high degree of similarity with human orthologues. In the case of RXR, the sequence identity to human RXR alpha reaches 81% in the DNA binding domain and 70% in the ligand binding domain. We show that T. adhaerens RXR (TaRXR) binds 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) with high affinity, as well as high specificity and that exposure of T. adhaerens to 9-cis-RA regulates the expression of the putative T. adhaerens orthologue of vertebrate L-malate-NADP+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.40) which in vertebrates is regulated by a heterodimer of RXR and thyroid hormone receptor. Treatment by 9-cis-RA alters the relative expression profile of T. adhaerens nuclear receptors, suggesting the existence of natural ligands. Keeping with this, algal food composition has a profound effect on T. adhaerens growth and appearance. We show that nanomolar concentrations of 9-cis-RA interfere with T. adhaerens growth response to specific algal food and causes growth arrest. Our results uncover an endocrine-like network of nuclear receptors sensitive to 9-cis-RA in T. adhaerens and support the existence of a ligand-sensitive network of nuclear receptors at the base of metazoan evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Novotný
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Medicine V., University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ali Chughtai
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kostrouchová
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Kostrouch
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kaššák
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Bernd Schierwater
- Institute for Animal Ecology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Marta Kostrouchová
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kostrouch
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kaňa R, Govindjee. Role of Ions in the Regulation of Light-Harvesting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1849. [PMID: 28018387 PMCID: PMC5160696 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting in the thylakoids is one of the major key factors affecting the efficiency of photosynthesis. Thylakoid membrane is negatively charged and influences both the structure and the function of the primarily photosynthetic reactions through its electrical double layer (EDL). Further, there is a heterogeneous organization of soluble ions (K+, Mg2+, Cl-) attached to the thylakoid membrane that, together with fixed charges (negatively charged amino acids, lipids), provides an electrical field. The EDL is affected by the valence of the ions and interferes with the regulation of "state transitions," protein interactions, and excitation energy "spillover" from Photosystem II to Photosystem I. These effects are reflected in changes in the intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence, which is also a measure of photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited state of chlorophyll a. A triggering of NPQ proceeds via lumen acidification that is coupled to the export of positive counter-ions (Mg2+, K+) to the stroma or/and negative ions (e.g., Cl-) into the lumen. The effect of protons and anions in the lumen and of the cations (Mg2+, K+) in the stroma are, thus, functionally tightly interconnected. In this review, we discuss the consequences of the model of EDL, proposed by Barber (1980b) Biochim Biophys Acta 594:253-308) in light of light-harvesting regulation. Further, we explain differences between electrostatic screening and neutralization, and we emphasize the opposite effect of monovalent (K+) and divalent (Mg2+) ions on light-harvesting and on "screening" of the negative charges on the thylakoid membrane; this effect needs to be incorporated in all future models of photosynthetic regulation by ion channels and transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the CzechiaTřeboň, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South BohemiaČeské Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Govindjee
- Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Hu H, Deng Y, Fan Y, Zhang P, Sun H, Gan Z, Zhu H, Yao Y. Effects of artificial sweeteners on metal bioconcentration and toxicity on a green algae Scenedesmus obliquus. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:285-293. [PMID: 26915590 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicity of heavy metals depends much on their speciation, which is influenced by other co-existing substances having chelating capacity. In the present study, the toxic effects of Cd(2+) and Cu(2+) on a green algae Scenedesmus obliquus were examined in the presence of two artificial sweeteners (ASs), acesulfame (ACE) and sucralose (SUC) by comparing the cell specific growth rate μ and pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) parameters (maximal photosystem II photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm, actual photochemical efficiency Yield, and non-photochemical quenching NPQ) of the algae over a 96-h period. Simultaneously, the bioconcentration of the metals by the algal cells in the presence of the ASs was measured. The presence of ACE enhanced the growth of S. obliquus and promoted the bioconcentration of Cd(2+) in S. obliquus, while the impacts of SUC were not significant. Meanwhile, EC50 values of Cd(2+) on the growth of S. obliquus increased from 0.42 mg/L to 0.54 mg/L and 0.48 mg/L with the addition of 1.0 mg/L ACE and SUC, respectively. As for Cu(2+), EC50 values increased from 0.13 mg/L to 0.17 mg/L and 0.15 mg/L with the addition of 1.0 mg/L ACE and SUC, respectively. In summary, the two ASs reduced the toxicity of the metals on the algae, with ACE showing greater effect than SUC. Although not as sensitive as the cell specific growth rate, PAM parameters could disclose the mechanisms involved in metal toxicity at subcellular levels. This study provides the first evidence for the possible impact of ASs on the ecotoxicity of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunfei Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kaňa R, Kotabová E, Kopečná J, Trsková E, Belgio E, Sobotka R, Ruban AV. Violaxanthin inhibits nonphotochemical quenching in light-harvesting antenna of Chromera velia. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1076-85. [PMID: 26988983 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a photoprotective mechanism in light-harvesting antennae. NPQ is triggered by chloroplast thylakoid lumen acidification and is accompanied by violaxanthin de-epoxidation to zeaxanthin, which further stimulates NPQ. In the present study, we show that violaxanthin can act in the opposite direction to zeaxanthin because an increase in the concentration of violaxanthin reduced NPQ in the light-harvesting antennae of Chromera velia. The correlation overlapped with a similar relationship between violaxanthin and NPQ as observed in isolated higher plant light-harvesting complex II. The data suggest that violaxanthin in C. velia can act as an inhibitor of NPQ, indicating that violaxanthin has to be removed from the vicinity of the protein to reach maximal NPQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopečná
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Trsková
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Erica Belgio
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cheregi O, Kotabová E, Prášil O, Schröder WP, Kaňa R, Funk C. Presence of state transitions in the cryptophyte alga Guillardia theta. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6461-70. [PMID: 26254328 PMCID: PMC4588893 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae have developed various regulatory mechanisms for optimal delivery of excitation energy to the photosystems even during fluctuating light conditions; these include state transitions as well as non-photochemical quenching. The former process maintains the balance by redistributing antennae excitation between the photosystems, meanwhile the latter by dissipating excessive excitation inside the antennae. In the present study, these mechanisms have been analysed in the cryptophyte alga Guillardia theta. Photoprotective non-photochemical quenching was observed in cultures only after they had entered the stationary growth phase. These cells displayed a diminished overall photosynthetic efficiency, measured as CO2 assimilation rate and electron transport rate. However, in the logarithmic growth phase G. theta cells redistributed excitation energy via a mechanism similar to state transitions. These state transitions were triggered by blue light absorbed by the membrane integrated chlorophyll a/c antennae, and green light absorbed by the lumenal biliproteins was ineffective. It is proposed that state transitions in G. theta are induced by small re-arrangements of the intrinsic antennae proteins, resulting in their coupling/uncoupling to the photosystems in state 1 or state 2, respectively. G. theta therefore represents a chromalveolate algae able to perform state transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Cheregi
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický Mlýn, Třeboň 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický Mlýn, Třeboň 379 81, Czech Republic
| | | | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický Mlýn, Třeboň 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Staleva H, Komenda J, Shukla MK, Šlouf V, Kaňa R, Polívka T, Sobotka R. Mechanism of photoprotection in the cyanobacterial ancestor of plant antenna proteins. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:287-91. [PMID: 25706339 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plants collect light for photosynthesis using light-harvesting complexes (LHCs)-an array of chlorophyll proteins that are able to reversibly switch from harvesting to energy-dissipation mode to prevent damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. LHC antennae as well as other members of the LHC superfamily evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors called high light-inducible proteins (Hlips). Here, we characterized a purified Hlip family member HliD isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We found that the HliD binds chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and β-carotene and exhibits an energy-dissipative conformation. Using femtosecond spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the energy dissipation is achieved via direct energy transfer from a Chl-a Qy state to the β-carotene S1 state. We did not detect any cation of β-carotene that would accompany Chl-a quenching. These results provide proof of principle that this quenching mechanism operates in the LHC superfamily and also shed light on the photoprotective role of Hlips and the evolution of LHC antennae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Staleva
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Mahendra K Shukla
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šlouf
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Goss R, Lepetit B. Biodiversity of NPQ. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:13-32. [PMID: 24854581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In their natural environment plants and algae are exposed to rapidly changing light conditions and light intensities. Illumination with high light intensities has the potential to overexcite the photosynthetic pigments and the electron transport chain and thus induce the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). To prevent damage by the action of ROS, plants and algae have developed a multitude of photoprotection mechanisms. One of the most important protection mechanisms is the dissipation of excessive excitation energy as heat in the light-harvesting complexes of the photosystems. This process requires a structural change of the photosynthetic antenna complexes that are normally optimized with regard to efficient light-harvesting. Enhanced heat dissipation in the antenna systems is accompanied by a strong quenching of the chlorophyll a fluorescence and has thus been termed non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence, NPQ. The general importance of NPQ for the photoprotection of plants and algae is documented by its wide distribution in the plant kingdom. In the present review we will summarize the present day knowledge about NPQ in higher plants and different algal groups with a special focus on the molecular mechanisms that lead to the structural rearrangements of the antenna complexes and enhanced heat dissipation. We will present the newest models for NPQ in higher plants and diatoms and will compare the features of NPQ in different algae with those of NPQ in higher plants. In addition, we will briefly address evolutionary aspects of NPQ, i.e. how the requirements of NPQ have changed during the transition of plants from the aquatic habitat to the land environment. We will conclude with a presentation of open questions regarding the mechanistic basis of NPQ and suggestions for future experiments that may serve to obtain this missing information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reimund Goss
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Büchel C. Evolution and function of light harvesting proteins. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:62-75. [PMID: 25240794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic eukaryotes exhibit very different light-harvesting proteins, but all contain membrane-intrinsic light-harvesting complexes (Lhcs), either as additional or sole antennae. Lhcs non-covalently bind chlorophyll a and in most cases another Chl, as well as very different carotenoids, depending on the taxon. The proteins fall into two major groups: The well-defined Lhca/b group of proteins binds typically Chl b and lutein, and the group is present in the 'green lineage'. The other group consists of Lhcr/Lhcf, Lhcz and Lhcx/LhcSR proteins. The former are found in the so-called Chromalveolates, where they mostly bind Chl c and carotenoids very efficient in excitation energy transfer, and in their red algae ancestors. Lhcx/LhcSR are present in most Chromalveolates and in some members of the green lineage as well. Lhcs function in light harvesting, but also in photoprotection, and they influence the organisation of the thylakoid membrane. The different functions of the Lhc subfamilies are discussed in the light of their evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Büchel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kaňa R, Kotabová E, Lukeš M, Papáček S, Matonoha C, Liu LN, Prášil O, Mullineaux CW. Phycobilisome Mobility and Its Role in the Regulation of Light Harvesting in Red Algae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1618-1631. [PMID: 24948833 PMCID: PMC4119043 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.236075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Red algae represent an evolutionarily important group that gave rise to the whole red clade of photosynthetic organisms. They contain a unique combination of light-harvesting systems represented by a membrane-bound antenna and by phycobilisomes situated on thylakoid membrane surfaces. So far, very little has been revealed about the mobility of their phycobilisomes and the regulation of their light-harvesting system in general. Therefore, we carried out a detailed analysis of phycobilisome dynamics in several red alga strains and compared these results with the presence (or absence) of photoprotective mechanisms. Our data conclusively prove phycobilisome mobility in two model mesophilic red alga strains, Porphyridium cruentum and Rhodella violacea. In contrast, there was almost no phycobilisome mobility in the thermophilic red alga Cyanidium caldarium that was not caused by a decrease in lipid desaturation in this extremophile. Experimental data attributed this immobility to the strong phycobilisome-photosystem interaction that highly restricted phycobilisome movement. Variations in phycobilisome mobility reflect the different ways in which light-harvesting antennae can be regulated in mesophilic and thermophilic red algae. Fluorescence changes attributed in cyanobacteria to state transitions were observed only in mesophilic P. cruentum with mobile phycobilisomes, and they were absent in the extremophilic C. caldarium with immobile phycobilisomes. We suggest that state transitions have an important regulatory function in mesophilic red algae; however, in thermophilic red algae, this process is replaced by nonphotochemical quenching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81 Trebon, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., M.L., O.P.);Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., O.P.); Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Complex Systems, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic (Š.P.);Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18207 Praha 8, Czech Republic (C.M.); andSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (L.-N.L., C.W.M.)
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81 Trebon, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., M.L., O.P.);Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., O.P.); Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Complex Systems, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic (Š.P.);Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18207 Praha 8, Czech Republic (C.M.); andSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (L.-N.L., C.W.M.)
| | - Martin Lukeš
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81 Trebon, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., M.L., O.P.);Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., O.P.); Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Complex Systems, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic (Š.P.);Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18207 Praha 8, Czech Republic (C.M.); andSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (L.-N.L., C.W.M.)
| | - Stěpán Papáček
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81 Trebon, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., M.L., O.P.);Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., O.P.); Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Complex Systems, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic (Š.P.);Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18207 Praha 8, Czech Republic (C.M.); andSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (L.-N.L., C.W.M.)
| | - Ctirad Matonoha
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81 Trebon, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., M.L., O.P.);Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., O.P.); Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Complex Systems, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic (Š.P.);Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18207 Praha 8, Czech Republic (C.M.); andSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (L.-N.L., C.W.M.)
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81 Trebon, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., M.L., O.P.);Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., O.P.); Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Complex Systems, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic (Š.P.);Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18207 Praha 8, Czech Republic (C.M.); andSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (L.-N.L., C.W.M.)
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81 Trebon, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., M.L., O.P.);Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., O.P.); Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Complex Systems, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic (Š.P.);Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18207 Praha 8, Czech Republic (C.M.); andSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (L.-N.L., C.W.M.)
| | - Conrad W Mullineaux
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81 Trebon, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., M.L., O.P.);Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (R.K., E.K., O.P.); Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Complex Systems, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic (Š.P.);Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18207 Praha 8, Czech Republic (C.M.); andSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (L.-N.L., C.W.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kotabová E, Jarešová J, Kaňa R, Sobotka R, Bína D, Prášil O. Novel type of red-shifted chlorophyll a antenna complex from Chromera velia. I. Physiological relevance and functional connection to photosystems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:734-43. [PMID: 24480388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromera velia is an alveolate alga associated with scleractinian corals. Here we present detailed work on chromatic adaptation in C. velia cultured under either blue or red light. Growth of C. velia under red light induced the accumulation of a light harvesting antenna complex exhibiting unusual spectroscopic properties with red-shifted absorption and atypical 710nm fluorescence emission at room temperature. Due to these characteristic features the complex was designated "Red-shifted Chromera light harvesting complex" (Red-CLH complex). Its detailed biochemical survey is described in the accompanying paper (Bina et al. 2013, this issue). Here, we show that the accumulation of Red-CLH complex under red light represents a slow acclimation process (days) that is reversible with much faster kinetics (hours) under blue light. This chromatic adaptation allows C. velia to maintain all important parameters of photosynthesis constant under both light colors. We further demonstrated that the C. velia Red-CLH complex is assembled from a 17kDa antenna protein and is functionally connected to photosystem II as it shows variability of chlorophyll fluorescence. Red-CLH also serves as an additional locus for non-photochemical quenching. Although overall rates of oxygen evolution and carbon fixation were similar for both blue and red light conditions, the presence of Red-CLH in C. velia cells increases the light harvesting potential of photosystem II, which manifested as a doubled oxygen evolution rate at illumination above 695nm. This data demonstrates a remarkable long-term remodeling of C. velia light-harvesting system according to light quality and suggests physiological significance of 'red' antenna complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Jarešová
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mechanisms Modulating Energy Arriving at Reaction Centers in Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
38
|
Trans-thylakoid ∆pH dependent oscillation of F(PSI)/F(PSII) under continuous irradiance in isolated thylakoids. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 46:71-82. [PMID: 24214386 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-013-9533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Energy distribution between photosystems (PSI & PSII) under prolonged and continuous white light irradiance was assessed by monitoring the progress of their fluorescence emission (FPSI/FPSII) at 77 K. Our observations indicate FPSI/FPSII to oscillate with the progress of irradiance treatments at all intensities tested (100, 200, 500, and 800 μE m(-2) S(-1)). The amplitude of the oscillation increased with the progress, whereas the periodicity of the oscillation increased with the intensity of the incident irradiance. Spectral analysis indicated fluctuation of FPSI to be the major determinant of the observed oscillation. The first rise and fall of FPSI/FPSII overlapped with phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of LHCII, but oscillation of FPSI/FPSII continued for several cycles without any further phosphorylation of LHCII. Moreover, in presence of DCMU where linear electron flow (LEF) is suppressed and LHCII phosphorylation is completely abolished, the oscillation of FPSI/FPSII was not abolished. These data indicated that LHCII phosphorylation was not essential for the observed oscillation of energy distribution between the photosystems. In contrast, in the presence of inhibitors of cyclic electron flow (CEF) like Antimycin A (AA) and rotenone, the oscillation of FPSI/FPSII was either abolished or severely dampened. Additionally, the oscillation was also abolished in presence of uncouplers like NH4Cl and nigericin that cancels the trans-thylakoid ∆pH. Thus, trans-thylakoid ∆pH, generated through CEF, appear to be an important determinant of oscillation of FPSI/FPSII in isolated thylakoids. The phenomenon of oscillation could be associated with a CEF mediated chromatic adaptation of PSI in presence of excess irradiance.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kaňa R. Mobility of photosynthetic proteins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:465-79. [PMID: 23955784 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of photosynthetic proteins represents an important factor that affects light-energy conversion in photosynthesis. The specific feature of photosynthetic proteins mobility can be currently measured in vivo using advanced microscopic methods, such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching which allows the direct observation of photosynthetic proteins mobility on a single cell level. The heterogeneous organization of thylakoid membrane proteins results in heterogeneity in protein mobility. The thylakoid membrane contains both, protein-crowded compartments with immobile proteins and fluid areas (less crowded by proteins), allowing restricted diffusion of proteins. This heterogeneity represents an optimal balance as protein crowding is necessary for efficient light-energy conversion, and protein mobility plays an important role in the regulation of photosynthesis. The mobility is required for an optimal light-harvesting process (e.g., during state transitions), and also for transport of proteins during their synthesis or repair. Protein crowding is then a key limiting factor of thylakoid membrane protein mobility; the less thylakoid membranes are crowded by proteins, the higher protein mobility is observed. Mobility of photosynthetic proteins outside the thylakoid membrane (lumen and stroma/cytosol) is less understood. Cyanobacterial phycobilisomes attached to the stromal side of the thylakoid can move relatively fast. Therefore, it seems that stroma with their active enzymes of the Calvin-Benson cycle, are a more fluid compartment in comparison to the rather rigid thylakoid lumen. In conclusion, photosynthetic protein diffusion is generally slower in comparison to similarly sized proteins from other eukaryotic membranes or organelles. Mobility of photosynthetic proteins resembles restricted protein diffusion in bacteria, and has been rationalized by high protein crowding similar to that of thylakoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Department of photothrophic microorganisms - Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Niyogi KK, Truong TB. Evolution of flexible non-photochemical quenching mechanisms that regulate light harvesting in oxygenic photosynthesis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:307-14. [PMID: 23583332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
All photosynthetic organisms need to regulate light harvesting for photoprotection. Three types of flexible non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms have been characterized in oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacteria, algae, and plants: OCP-, LHCSR-, and PSBS-dependent NPQ. OCP-dependent NPQ likely evolved first, to quench excess excitation in the phycobilisome (PB) antenna of cyanobacteria. During evolution of eukaryotic algae, PBs were lost in the green and secondary red plastid lineages, while three-helix light-harvesting complex (LHC) antenna proteins diversified, including LHCSR proteins that function in dissipating excess energy rather than light harvesting. PSBS, an independently evolved member of the LHC protein superfamily, seems to have appeared exclusively in the green lineage, acquired a function as a pH sensor that turns on NPQ, and eventually replaced LHCSR in vascular plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hildebrand M, Abbriano RM, Polle JEW, Traller JC, Trentacoste EM, Smith SR, Davis AK. Metabolic and cellular organization in evolutionarily diverse microalgae as related to biofuels production. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:506-14. [PMID: 23538202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are among the most diverse organisms on the planet, and as a result of symbioses and evolutionary selection, the configuration of core metabolic networks is highly varied across distinct algal classes. The differences in photosynthesis, carbon fixation and processing, carbon storage, and the compartmentation of cellular and metabolic processes are substantial and likely to transcend into the efficiency of various steps involved in biofuel molecule production. By highlighting these differences, we hope to provide a framework for comparative analyses to determine the efficiency of the different arrangements or processes. This sets the stage for optimization on the based on information derived from evolutionary selection to diverse algal classes and to synthetic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hildebrand
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cao S, Zhang X, Xu D, Fan X, Mou S, Wang Y, Ye N, Wang W. A transthylakoid proton gradient and inhibitors induce a non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in unicellular algae Nannochloropsis
sp. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
43
|
Photosynthesis in Chromera velia represents a simple system with high efficiency. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47036. [PMID: 23071705 PMCID: PMC3468483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromera velia (Alveolata) is a close relative to apicomplexan parasites with a functional photosynthetic plastid. Even though C. velia has a primitive complement of pigments (lacks chlorophyll c) and uses an ancient type II form of RuBISCO, we found that its photosynthesis is very efficient with the ability to acclimate to a wide range of irradiances. C. velia maintain similar maximal photosynthetic rates when grown under continual light-limited (low light) or light-saturated (high light) conditions. This flexible acclimation to continuous light is provided by an increase of the chlorophyll content and photosystem II connectivity under light limited conditions and by an increase in the content of protective carotenoids together with stimulation of effective non-photochemical quenching under high light. C. velia is able to significantly increase photosynthetic rates when grown under a light-dark cycle with sinusoidal changes in light intensity. Photosynthetic activities were nonlinearly related to light intensity, with maximum performance measured at mid-morning. C. velia efficiently acclimates to changing irradiance by stimulation of photorespiration and non-photochemical quenching, thus avoiding any measurable photoinhibition. We suggest that the very high CO2 assimilation rates under sinusoidal light regime are allowed by activation of the oxygen consuming process (possibly chlororespiration) that maintains high efficiency of RuBISCO (type II). Despite the overall simplicity of the C. velia photosynthetic system, it operates with great efficiency.
Collapse
|
44
|
García-Plazaola JI, Esteban R, Fernández-Marín B, Kranner I, Porcar-Castell A. Thermal energy dissipation and xanthophyll cycles beyond the Arabidopsis model. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:89-103. [PMID: 22772904 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thermal dissipation of excitation energy is a fundamental photoprotection mechanism in plants. Thermal energy dissipation is frequently estimated using the quenching of the chlorophyll fluorescence signal, termed non-photochemical quenching. Over the last two decades, great progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanism of thermal energy dissipation through the use of a few model plants, mainly Arabidopsis. Nonetheless, an emerging number of studies suggest that this model represents only one strategy among several different solutions for the environmental adjustment of thermal energy dissipation that have evolved among photosynthetic organisms in the course of evolution. In this review, a detailed analysis of three examples highlights the need to use models other than Arabidopsis: first, overwintering evergreens that develop a sustained form of thermal energy dissipation; second, desiccation tolerant plants that induce rapid thermal energy dissipation; and third, understorey plants in which a complementary lutein epoxide cycle modulates thermal energy dissipation. The three examples have in common a shift from a photosynthetically efficient state to a dissipative conformation, a strategy widely distributed among stress-tolerant evergreen perennials. Likewise, they show a distinct operation of the xanthophyll cycle. Expanding the list of model species beyond Arabidopsis will enhance our knowledge of these mechanisms and increase the synergy of the current studies now dispersed over a wide number of species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kaňa R, Kotabová E, Komárek O, Sedivá B, Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee, Prášil O. The slow S to M fluorescence rise in cyanobacteria is due to a state 2 to state 1 transition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1237-47. [PMID: 22402228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In dark-adapted plants and algae, chlorophyll a fluorescence induction peaks within 1s after irradiation due to well documented photochemical and non-photochemical processes. Here we show that the much slower fluorescence rise in cyanobacteria (the so-called "S to M rise" in tens of seconds) is due to state 2 to state 1 transition. This has been demonstrated in particular for Synechocystis PCC6803, using its RpaC(-) mutant (locked in state 1) and its wild-type cells kept in hyperosmotic suspension (locked in state 2). In both cases, the inhibition of state changes correlates with the disappearance of the S to M fluorescence rise, confirming its assignment to the state 2 to state 1 transition. The general physiological relevance of the SM rise is supported by its occurrence in several cyanobacterial strains: Synechococcus (PCC 7942, WH 5701) and diazotrophic single cell cyanobacterium (Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142). We also show here that the SM fluorescence rise, and also the state transition changes are less prominent in filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. (PCC 7120) and absent in phycobilisome-less cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus PCC 9511. Surprisingly, it is also absent in the phycobiliprotein rod containing Acaryochloris marina (MBIC 11017). All these results show that the S to M fluorescence rise reflects state 2 to state 1 transition in cyanobacteria with phycobilisomes formed by rods and core parts. We show that the pronounced SM fluorescence rise may reflect a protective mechanism for excess energy dissipation in those cyanobacteria (e.g. in Synechococcus PCC 7942) that are less efficient in other protective mechanisms, such as blue light induced non-photochemical quenching. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|