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Izadpanah A, Mohammadkhani N, Masoudnia M, Ghasemzad M, Saeedian A, Mehdizadeh H, Poorebrahim M, Ebrahimi M. Update on immune-based therapy strategies targeting cancer stem cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18960-18980. [PMID: 37698048 PMCID: PMC10557910 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data reveals that tumors possess a specialized subset of cancer cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for metastasis and recurrence of malignancies, with various properties such as self-renewal, heterogenicity, and capacity for drug resistance. Some signaling pathways or processes like Notch, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt, as well as CSCs' surface markers such as CD44, CD123, CD133, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) have pivotal roles in acquiring CSCs properties. Therefore, targeting CSC-related signaling pathways and surface markers might effectively eradicate tumors and pave the way for cancer survival. Since current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy cannot eradicate all of the CSCs and tumor relapse may happen following temporary recovery, improving novel and more efficient therapeutic options to combine with current treatments is required. Immunotherapy strategies are the new therapeutic modalities with promising results in targeting CSCs. Here, we review the targeting of CSCs by immunotherapy strategies such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-engineered immune cells, natural killer-cell (NK-cell) therapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), checkpoint inhibitors, and the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review will mainly focus on blood malignancies but also describe solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Izadpanah
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mina Masoudnia
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahsa Ghasemzad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology‐Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Arefeh Saeedian
- Radiation Oncology Research CenterCancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamid Mehdizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Mansour Poorebrahim
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of CalgaryAlbertaCalgaryCanada
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of regenerative medicineCell Science research Center, Royan Institute for stem cell biology and technology, ACECRTehranIran
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2
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Singh D, Khan MA, Siddique HR. Specific targeting of cancer stem cells by immunotherapy: A possible stratagem to restrain cancer recurrence and metastasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114955. [PMID: 35181312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), the tumor-initiating cells playing a crucial role in cancer progression, recurrence, and metastasis, have the intrinsic property of self-renewal and therapy resistance. The tumorigenic properties of these cells include generation of cellular heterogeneity and immuno-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), conferring them the capability to resist a variety of anti-cancer therapeutics. Further, CSCs possess several unique immunological properties that help them escape recognition by the innate and adaptive immune system and shape a TME into a pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive landscape. In this context, immunotherapy is considered one of the best therapeutic options for eliminating CSCs to halt cancer recurrence and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the various immunomodulatory properties of CSCs and the interaction of CSCs with the immune system enabling immune evasion. In addition, we also highlight the present research update on immunotherapeutic targeting of CSCs and the possible further scope of research on this topic. We believe that a deeper understanding of CSCs' immunological properties and the crosstalk between CSCs and the immune system can develop better innovative immune-therapeutics and enhance the efficacy of current therapy-resistant cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Afsar Khan
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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3
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Ouban A. Expression of SALL4 stemness marker in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs) and its clinical significance. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1972349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Ouban
- Department of Pathology, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Hayashi N, Yamasaki A, Ueda S, Okazaki S, Ohno Y, Tanaka T, Endo Y, Tomioka Y, Masuko K, Masuko T, Sugiura R. Oncogenic transformation of NIH/3T3 cells by the overexpression of L-type amino acid transporter 1, a promising anti-cancer target. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1256-1270. [PMID: 34194623 PMCID: PMC8238248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)/SLC7A5 is the first identified CD98 light chain disulfide linked to the CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc/SLC3A2). LAT1 transports large neutral amino acids, including leucine, which activates mTOR, and is highly expressed in human cancers. We investigated the oncogenicity of human LAT1 introduced to NIH/3T3 cells by retrovirus infection. NIH/3T3 cell lines stably expressing human native (164C) or mutant (164S) LAT1 (naLAT1/3T3 or muLAT1/3T3, respectively) were established. We confirmed that endogenous mouse CD98hc forms a disulfide bond with exogenous human LAT1 in naLAT1/3T3, but not in muLAT1/3T3. Endogenous mouse CD98hc mRNA increased in both naNIH/3T3 and muLAT1/3T3, and a similar amount of exogenous human LAT1 protein was detected in both cell lines. Furthermore, naLAT1/3T3 and muLAT1/3T3 cell lines were evaluated for cell growth-related phenotypes (phosphorylation of ERK, cell-cycle progression) and cell malignancy-related phenotypes (anchorage-independent cell growth, tumor formation in nude mice). naLAT1/3T3 had stronger growth- and malignancy- related phenotypes than NIH/3T3 and muLAT1/3T3, suggesting the oncogenicity of native LAT1 through its interaction with CD98hc. Anti-LAT1 monoclonal antibodies significantly inhibited in vitro cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth of naLAT1/3T3 cells in nude mice, demonstrating LAT1 to be a promising anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-Shi, Osaka, Japan.,Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Co-first authors.,This laboratory (April, 2000~) was closed at the end of March, 2020, after the mandatory retirement of Takashi Masuko
| | - Akitaka Yamasaki
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Oncology Pharmacy Practice and Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai-Shi, Miyagi, Japan.,Co-first authors.,This laboratory (April, 2000~) was closed at the end of March, 2020, after the mandatory retirement of Takashi Masuko
| | - Shiho Ueda
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Division of Cell Fate Regulation, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ohno
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe-Shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe-Shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology Pharmacy Practice and Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai-Shi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazue Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-Shi, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Ghaderi F, Jokar N, Gholamrezanezhad A, Assadi M, Ahmadzadehfar H. Toward radiotheranostics in cancer stem cells: a promising initial step for tumour eradication. Clin Transl Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Target molecules of existing anti-cancer therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are divided into 1) receptor-type tyrosine kinases, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, 2) differentiation antigens, such as CD20 (Rituxan target), 3) angiogenesis-related molecules, and 4) immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, etc.). We have recently reported a novel therapy targeting lymphangiogenesis, but not angiogenesis, using an anti-LYVE-1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1) mAb. At present, many transporters are not considered to be target molecules for the cancer therapy; however, our study strongly suggested that the inhibition of cancer metabolism by mAbs against amino acid transporters will play a significant role in future cancer therapies. Most anti-cancer therapeutic mAbs bind cell-surface molecules on viable cancer cells: therefore, it is necessary to produce mAbs recognizing epitopes on the extracellular domains of native and non-denatured proteins. We concluded that viable cancer cells or cells transfected with cDNA encoding target proteins are suitable immunogens for the production of anti-cancer therapeutic mAbs. We introduce our efforts to develop seeds for therapeutic mAbs using whole cancer cells and transfectants as the immunogen. As many target candidates in the future are multi-pass membrane proteins, such as 12-pass amino acid transporter proteins belonging to the solute carrier (SLC) family, and their possible immunogenic extracellular regions are small, the production of specific mAbs is highly difficult. In this review, we summarize the successful preparation and characterization of mAbs recognizing the extracellular domain of oncoproteins, including transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University
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7
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Cancer Stem Cells: Acquisition, Characteristics, Therapeutic Implications, Targeting Strategies and Future Prospects. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:331-355. [PMID: 30993589 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since last two decades, the major cancer research has focused on understanding the characteristic properties and mechanism of formation of Cancer stem cells (CSCs), due to their ability to initiate tumor growth, self-renewal property and multi-drug resistance. The discovery of the mechanism of acquisition of stem-like properties by carcinoma cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has paved a way towards a deeper understanding of CSCs and presented a possible avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies. In spite of years of research, various challenges, such as identification of CSC subpopulation, lack of appropriate experimental models, targeting cancer cells and CSCs specifically without harming normal cells, are being faced while dealing with CSCs. Here, we discuss the biology and characteristics of CSCs, mode of acquisition of stemness (via EMT) and development of multi-drug resistance, the role of tumor niche, the process of dissemination and metastasis, therapeutic implications of CSCs and necessity of targeting them. We emphasise various strategies being developed to specifically target CSCs, including those targeting biomarkers, key pathways and microenvironment. Finally, we focus on the challenges that need to be subdued and propose the aspects that need to be addressed in future studies in order to broaden the understanding of CSCs and develop novel strategies to eradicate them in clinical applications. Graphical Abstract Cancer Stem Cells(CSCs) have gained much attention in the last few decades due to their ability to initiate tumor growth and, self-renewal property and multi-drug resistance. Here, we represent the CSC model of cancer, Characteristics of CSCs, acquisition of stemness and metastatic dissemination of cancer, Therapeutic implications of CSCs and Various strategies being employed to target and eradicate CSCs.
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8
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Razi E, Radak M, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Talebi S, Shafiee A, Hajighadimi S, Moradizarmehri S, Sharifi H, Mousavi N, Sarvizadeh M, Nejati M, Taghizadeh M, Ghasemi F. Cancer stem cells as therapeutic targets of pancreatic cancer. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:202-212. [PMID: 31709581 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of stem cells and their potential abilities in self-renewal and differentiation has opened a new horizon in medicine. Scientists have found a small population of stem cells in some types of cancers with the same functions as normal stem cells. There are two models for tumor progression: clonal (stochastic) and cancer stem cell (CSCs) models. According to the first model, all transformed cells in the tumor have carcinogenic potential and are able to proliferate and produce the same cells. The latter model, which has received more attention recently, considers the role of CSCs in drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Following the model, researchers have found that targeting CSCs may be a promising way in cancer therapy. This review describes CSC characteristics in general, while also focusing on CSC properties in the context of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Razi
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Radak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Talebi
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Shafiee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Hajighadimi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanaz Moradizarmehri
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hossein Sharifi
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nousin Mousavi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sarvizadeh
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Tseng CC, Stanciauskas R, Zhang P, Woo D, Wu K, Kelly K, Gill PS, Yu M, Pinaud F, Lee AS. GRP78 regulates CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900377. [PMID: 31416894 PMCID: PMC6696983 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GRP78 conducts protein folding and quality control in the ER and shows elevated expression and cell surface translocation in advanced tumors. However, the underlying mechanisms enabling GRP78 to exert novel signaling functions at cell surface are just emerging. CD44 is a transmembrane protein and an important regulator of cancer metastasis, and isoform switch of CD44 through incorporating additional variable exons to the extracellular juxtamembrane region is frequently observed during cancer progression. Using super-resolution dual-color single-particle tracking, we report that GRP78 interacts with CD44v in plasma membrane nanodomains of breast cancer cells. We further show that targeting cell surface GRP78 by the antibodies can effectively reduce cell surface expression of CD44v and cell spreading of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Our results uncover new functions of GRP78 as an interacting partner of CD44v and as a regulator of CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading. This study also provides new insights into anti-CD44 therapy in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramunas Stanciauskas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Woo
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaijin Wu
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parkash S Gill
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Yu
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabien Pinaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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The Small Molecule Ephrin Receptor Inhibitor, GLPG1790, Reduces Renewal Capabilities of Cancer Stem Cells, Showing Anti-Tumour Efficacy on Preclinical Glioblastoma Models. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030359. [PMID: 30871240 PMCID: PMC6468443 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies against glioblastoma (GBM) show a high percentage of failure associated with the survival of glioma stem cells (GSCs) that repopulate treated tumours. Forced differentiation of GSCs is a promising new approach in cancer treatment. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors drive tumourigenicity and stemness in GBM. We tested GLPG1790, a first small molecule with inhibition activity versus inhibitor of various Eph receptor kinases, in preclinical GBM models using in vitro and in vivo assays. GLPG1790 rapidly and persistently inhibited Ephrin-A1-mediated phosphorylation of Tyr588 and Ser897, completely blocking EphA2 receptor signalling. Similarly, this compound blocks the ephrin B2-mediated EphA3 and EphB4 tyrosine phosphorylation. This resulted in anti-glioma effects. GLPG1790 down-modulated the expression of mesenchymal markers CD44, Sox2, nestin, octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (Oct3/4), Nanog, CD90, and CD105, and up-regulated that of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and pro-neural/neuronal markers, βIII tubulin, and neurofilaments. GLPG1790 reduced tumour growth in vivo. These effects were larger compared to radiation therapy (RT; U251 and T98G xenografts) and smaller than those of temozolomide (TMZ; U251 and U87MG cell models). By contrast, GLPG1790 showed effects that were higher than Radiotherapy (RT) and similar to Temozolomide (TMZ) in orthotopic U87MG and CSCs-5 models in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Further experiments were necessary to study possible interactions with radio- and chemotherapy. GLPG1790 demonstrated anti-tumor effects regulating both the differentiative status of Glioma Initiating Cells (GICs) and the quality of tumor microenvironment, translating into efficacy in aggressive GBM mouse models. Significant common molecular targets to radio and chemo therapy supported the combination use of GLPG1790 in ameliorative antiglioma therapy.
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11
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Ueda S, Hayashi H, Miyamoto T, Abe S, Hirai K, Matsukura K, Yagi H, Hara Y, Yoshida K, Okazaki S, Tamura M, Abe Y, Agatsuma T, Niwa S, Masuko K, Masuko T. Anti-tumor effects of mAb against L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) bound to human and monkey LAT1 with dual avidity modes. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:674-685. [PMID: 30548114 PMCID: PMC6361610 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
l‐Type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) disulfide linked to CD98 heavy chain (hc) is highly expressed in most cancer cells, but weakly expressed in normal cells. In the present study, we developed novel anti‐LAT1 mAbs and showed internalization activity, inhibitory effects of amino acid uptake and cell growth and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, as well as in vivo antitumor effects in athymic mice. Furthermore, we examined the reactivity of mAbs with LAT1 of Macaca fascicularis to evaluate possible side‐effects of antihuman LAT1 mAbs in clinical trials. Antihuman LAT1 mAbs reacted with ACHN human and MK.P3 macaca kidney‐derived cells, and this reactivity was significantly decreased by siRNAs against LAT1. Macaca LAT1 cDNA was cloned from MK.P3, and only two amino acid differences between human and macaca LAT1 were seen. RH7777 rat hepatoma and HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells expressing macaca LAT1 were established as stable transfectants, and antihuman LAT1 mAbs were equivalently reactive against transfectants expressing human or macaca LAT1. Dual (high and low) avidity modes were detected in transfectants expressing macaca LAT1, MK.P3, ACHN and HCT116 human colon cancer cells, and KA values were increased by anti‐CD98hc mAb, suggesting anti‐LAT1 mAbs detect an epitope on LAT1‐CD98hc complexes on the cell surface. Based on these results, LAT1 may be a promising anticancer target and Macaca fascicularis can be used in preclinical studies with antihuman LAT1 mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Ueda
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Takako Miyamoto
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Shinya Abe
- Laboratory of Biological ProtectionInstitute for Viral Research, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kana Hirai
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kanji Matsukura
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hideki Yagi
- School of PharmacyInternational University of Health and WelfareOtawaraJapan
| | - Yuta Hara
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kinji Yoshida
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical SciencesTokyo University of ScienceChibaJapan
| | - Masakazu Tamura
- Modality Research Laboratories, Biologics DivisionDaiichi Sankyo Co., LtdTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Abe
- Biologics & Immuno‐Oncology Laboratories, R&D DivisionDaiichi Sankyo Co., LtdTokyoJapan
| | - Toshinori Agatsuma
- Biologics & Immuno‐Oncology Laboratories, R&D DivisionDaiichi Sankyo Co., LtdTokyoJapan
| | | | - Kazue Masuko
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
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12
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Piulats JM, Kondo J, Endo H, Ono H, Hagihara T, Okuyama H, Nishizawa Y, Tomita Y, Ohue M, Okita K, Oyama H, Bono H, Masuko T, Inoue M. Promotion of malignant phenotype after disruption of the three-dimensional structure of cultured spheroids from colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15968-15983. [PMID: 29662620 PMCID: PMC5882311 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual and small clusters of cancer cells may detach from the edges of a main tumor and invade vessels, which can act as the origin of metastasis; however, the mechanism for this phenomenon is not well understood. Using cancer tissue-originated spheroids, we studied whether disturbing the 3D architecture of cancer spheroids can provoke the reformation process and progression of malignancy. We developed a mechanical disruption method to achieve homogenous disruption of the spheroids while maintaining cell–cell contact. After the disruption, 9 spheroid lines from 9 patient samples reformed within a few hours, and 3 of the 9 lines exhibited accelerated spheroid growth. Marker expression, spheroid forming capacity, and tumorigenesis indicated that stemness increased after spheroid disruption. In addition, the spheroid forming capacity increased in 6 of 11 spheroid lines. The disruption signature determined by gene expression profiling supported the incidence of remodeling and predicted the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Furthermore, WNT and HER3 signaling were increased in the reformed spheroids, and suppression of these signaling pathways attenuated the increased proliferation and stemness after the disruption. Overall, the disruption and subsequent reformation of cancer spheroids promoted malignancy-related phenotypes through the activation of the WNT and ERBB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Piulats
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan.,Current Affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ono
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hagihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okuyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Nishizawa
- Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tomita
- Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouki Okita
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashiōsaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidejiro Oyama
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashiōsaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashiōsaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
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Sneha S, Nagare RP, Priya SK, Sidhanth C, Pors K, Ganesan TS. Therapeutic antibodies against cancer stem cells: a promising approach. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1383-1398. [PMID: 28840297 PMCID: PMC11028654 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have been extensively used to treat malignancy along with routine chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapy for metastatic cancer has not been successful in securing long-term remission of disease. This is in part due to the resistance of cancer cells to drugs. One aspect of the drug resistance is the inability of conventional drugs to eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs) which often constitute less than 1-2% of the whole tumor. In some tumor types, it is possible to identify these cells using surface markers. Monoclonal antibodies targeting these CSCs are an attractive option for a new therapeutic approach. Although administering antibodies has not been effective, when combined with chemotherapy they have proved synergistic. This review highlights the potential of improving treatment efficacy using functional antibodies against CSCs, which could be combined with chemotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarakan Sneha
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Rohit Pravin Nagare
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Syama Krishna Priya
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Chirukandath Sidhanth
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Trivadi Sundaram Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India.
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CD44 Splice Variant v8-10 as a Marker of Serous Ovarian Cancer Prognosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156595. [PMID: 27253518 PMCID: PMC4890777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a transmembrane hyaluronic acid receptor gene that encodes over 100 different tissue-specific protein isoforms. The most ubiquitous, CD44 standard, has been used as a cancer stem cell marker in ovarian and other cancers. Expression of the epithelial CD44 variant containing exons v8-10 (CD44v8-10) has been associated with more chemoresistant and metastatic tumors in gastrointestinal and breast cancers, but its role in ovarian cancer is unknown; we therefore investigated its use as a prognostic marker in this disease. The gene expression profiles of 254 tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas RNAseqV2 were analyzed for the presence of CD44 isoforms. A trend for longer survival was observed in patients with high expression of CD44 isoforms that include exons v8-10. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tumors for presence of CD44v8-10 was performed on an independent cohort of 210 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer using a tumor tissue microarray. Patient stratification based on software analysis of staining revealed a statistically significant increase in survival in patients with the highest levels of transmembrane protein expression (top 10 or 20%) compared to those with the lowest expression (bottom 10 and 20%) (p = 0.0181, p = 0.0262 respectively). Expression of CD44v8-10 in primary ovarian cancer cell lines was correlated with a predominantly epithelial phenotype characterized by high expression of epithelial markers and low expression of mesenchymal markers by qPCR, Western blot, and IHC. Conversely, detection of proteolytically cleaved and soluble extracellular domain of CD44v8-10 in patient ascites samples was correlated with significantly worse prognosis (p<0.05). Therefore, presence of transmembrane CD44v8-10 on the surface of primary tumor cells may be a marker of a highly epithelial tumor with better prognosis while enzymatic cleavage of CD44v8-10, as detected by presence of the soluble extracellular domain in ascites fluid, may be indicative of a more metastatic disease and worse prognosis.
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Ortiz-Sánchez E, Santiago-López L, Cruz-Domínguez VB, Toledo-Guzmán ME, Hernández-Cueto D, Muñiz-Hernández S, Garrido E, De León DC, García-Carrancá A. Characterization of cervical cancer stem cell-like cells: phenotyping, stemness, and human papilloma virus co-receptor expression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:31943-54. [PMID: 27008711 PMCID: PMC5077987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) exhibit high tumorigenic capacity in several tumor models. We have now determined an extended phenotype for cervical cancer stem cells. Our results showed increased CK-17, p63+, AII+, CD49f+ expression in these cells, together with higher Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHbright)activity in Cervical CSC (CCSC) enriched in cervospheres. An increase in stem cell markers, represented by OCT-4, Nanog, and β-catenin proteins, was also observed, indicating that under our culture conditions, CCSC are enriched in cervospheres, as compared to monolayer cultures. In addition, we were able to show that an increased ALDHbright activity correlated with higher tumorigenic activity. Flow cytometry and immunflorescence assays demonstrated that CCSC in cervosphere cultures contain a sub-population of cells that contain Annexin II, a Human papillomavirus (HPV) co-receptor. Taken together, under our conditions there is an increase in the number of CCSC in cervosphere cultures which exhibit the following phenotype: CK-17, p63+, AII+, CD49f+ and high ALDH activity, which in turn correlates with higher tumorigenicity. The presence of Annexin II and CD49f in CCSC opens the possibility that normal cervical stem cells could be the initial target of infection by high risk HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- 1 Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud (SS), México City, Mexico
| | - Luz Santiago-López
- 1 Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud (SS), México City, Mexico
| | - Verónica B. Cruz-Domínguez
- 1 Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud (SS), México City, Mexico
| | - Mariel E. Toledo-Guzmán
- 1 Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud (SS), México City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Cueto
- 2 Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, SA, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Saé Muñiz-Hernández
- 1 Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud (SS), México City, Mexico
| | - Efraín Garrido
- 3 Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Cantú De León
- 4 Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud (SS), México City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- 5 Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud (SS), Mexico City, Mexico
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Variant isoforms of CD44 expression in upper tract urothelial cancer as a predictive marker for recurrence and mortality. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:337.e19-26. [PMID: 27133224 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The variant isoforms of CD44 (CD44v), which has been associated with treatment resistance and tumor recurrence, are contributed to the feature of some of the new cell surface markers for cancer stem cells. The aim of this study is to address the prognostic significant of CD44v expression in upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 110 patients treated surgically for≥pT2 UTUC. To determine the biological significance of CD44v in UTUC, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of CD44v9 and its association with clinical features and oncological outcomes. RESULTS During the mean follow-up of 4.8 years, tumor recurrence, including local and distant metastasis, was observed in 57 patients (51.8%), and 42 patients (38.2%) died of the disease. The incidence of ureter cancers was significantly higher in patients expressing CD44v9. In this series, 37 patients in the CD44v9-positive group (45.1%) and 5 (17.9%) in the CD44v9-negative group died of the disease. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival rates were significantly lower in the CD44v9-positive group than in the CD44v9-negative group (P = 0.032 and P = 0.038, respectively). A multivariate analysis identified the expression of CD44v9 as one of the independent risk factors for cancer-specific survival (P = 0.040, hazard ratio = 2.67) in addition to tumor grade G3, and also for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.028, hazard ratio = 2.33), in addition to tumor grade G3 and lymphovascular invasion. CONCLUSIONS The expression of CD44v9 may be a new biomarker of malignant potential in muscle invasive UTUC and provide additional prognostic information in patients with UTUC.
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17
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Cancer stem cells in laryngeal cancer: what we know. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:3487-3495. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dragu DL, Necula LG, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC, Chivu-Economescu M. Therapies targeting cancer stem cells: Current trends and future challenges. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1185-1201. [PMID: 26516409 PMCID: PMC4620424 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i9.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapies against cancer, chemo- and radiotherapy, have multiple limitations that lead to treatment failure and cancer recurrence. These limitations are related to systemic and local toxicity, while treatment failure and cancer relapse are due to drug resistance and self-renewal, properties of a small population of tumor cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are involved in cancer initiation, maintenance, metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, in order to develop efficient treatments that can induce a long-lasting clinical response preventing tumor relapse it is important to develop drugs that can specifically target and eliminate CSCs. Recent identification of surface markers and understanding of molecular feature associated with CSC phenotype helped with the design of effective treatments. In this review we discuss targeting surface biomarkers, signaling pathways that regulate CSCs self-renewal and differentiation, drug-efflux pumps involved in apoptosis resistance, microenvironmental signals that sustain CSCs growth, manipulation of miRNA expression, and induction of CSCs apoptosis and differentiation, with specific aim to hamper CSCs regeneration and cancer relapse. Some of these agents are under evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies, most of them for using in combination with traditional therapies. The combined therapy using conventional anticancer drugs with CSCs-targeting agents, may offer a promising strategy for management and eradication of different types of cancers.
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that display self-renewal and tumor initiation capacity and the ability to give rise to the heterogenous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. CSCs exhibit intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to modern cancer therapeutics, allowing them to survive current cancer therapies and to initiate tumor recurrence and metastasis. Various cell surface and transmembrane proteins expressed by CSCs, including CD44, CD47, CD123, EpCAM (CD326), CD133, IGF receptor I, and proteins of the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways have been identified. Recently, monoclonal antibodies and antibody constructs raised against these CSC proteins have shown efficacy against CSCs in human cancer xenograft mice, and some of them have demonstrated antitumor activity in clinical studies. Since current cancer therapies fail to eliminate CSCs, leading to cancer recurrence and progression, selective targeting of CSCs with monoclonal antibodies and antibody constructs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cord Naujokat
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Construction and characterization of VL–VH tail-parallel genetically engineered antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxins. Immunol Res 2015; 61:281-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk EP, Gąbka-Buszek A, Jankowski J, Mackiewicz A. Immunotargeting of cancer stem cells. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:A52-9. [PMID: 25691822 PMCID: PMC4322523 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2014.47129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinctive population of tumour cells that control tumour initiation, progression, and maintenance. Their influence is great enough to risk the statement that successful therapeutic strategy must target CSCs in order to eradicate the disease. Because cancer stem cells are highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy, new tools to fight against cancer have to be developed. Expression of antigens such as ALDH, CD44, EpCAM, or CD133, which distinguish CSCs from normal cells, together with CSC immunogenicity and relatively low toxicity of immunotherapies, makes immune targeting of CSCs a promising approach for cancer treatment. This review will present immunotherapeutic approaches using dendritic cells, T cells, pluripotent stem cells, and monoclonal antibodies to target and eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza P. Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Diagnostic and Immunology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Jankowski
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Diagnostic and Immunology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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22
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Yang Y, Yang JJ, Tao H, Jin WS. New perspectives on β-catenin control of cell fate and proliferation in colon cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 74:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bonomi S, Gallo S, Catillo M, Pignataro D, Biamonti G, Ghigna C. Oncogenic alternative splicing switches: role in cancer progression and prospects for therapy. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:962038. [PMID: 24285959 PMCID: PMC3826442 DOI: 10.1155/2013/962038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the abundance or activities of alternative splicing regulators generate alternatively spliced variants that contribute to multiple aspects of tumor establishment, progression and resistance to therapeutic treatments. Notably, many cancer-associated genes are regulated through alternative splicing suggesting a significant role of this post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in the production of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Thus, the study of alternative splicing in cancer might provide a better understanding of the malignant transformation and identify novel pathways that are uniquely relevant to tumorigenesis. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of cancer-associated alternative splicing isoforms will not only help to explain many fundamental hallmarks of cancer, but will also offer unprecedented opportunities to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bonomi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Gallo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Morena Catillo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pignataro
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biamonti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ghigna
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Ghazi-Visser L, Laman JD, Nagel S, van Meurs M, van Riel D, Tzankov A, Frank S, Adams H, Wolk K, Terracciano L, Melief MJ, Sabat R, Günthert U. CD44 variant isoforms control experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by affecting the lifespan of the pathogenic T cells. FASEB J 2013; 27:3683-701. [PMID: 23752202 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-228809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CD44 variant (CD44(v)) isoforms play important roles in the development of autoimmune disorders, including colitis and arthritis, but their role in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been explored only to a limited extent. We determined the functional relevance of CD44(v) isoforms in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Genetic ablation of CD44(v7) and CD44(v10) isoforms significantly reduced the clinical EAE burden, as well as the number of inflammatory infiltrates. CD44(v7) and CD44(v10) expression on both memory T and antigen-presenting cells, participated in the development of adoptive transfer EAE. Significantly reduced mRNA expression of Th1 signature genes was detected in the brains of CD44(v10-/-) mice compared with those of CD44(WT) mice. Furthermore, forkhead transcription factor 3 (Foxp3), Bcl-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were reduced in CD44(v10-/-) brains, whereas active caspase-3 was elevated. Brain-infiltrating CD4(hi)CD44(v10+) T cells preceded EAE onset and paralleled disease severity in wild-type but not in CD44(v7-/-) and CD44(v10-/-) mice. CD44(v7) and CD44(v10) expression contributed to EAE by increasing the longevity of autoreactive CD4(hi)panCD44(hi) T cells. Accordingly, the absence of CD44(v7) and CD44(v10) led to increased apoptosis in the inflammatory infiltrates and reduced Th1 responses, resulting in marked disease reduction. Although absent in noninflamed human brains, we detected CD44(v3), CD44(v7), and CD44(v10) isoforms on glial cells and on perivascular infiltrating cells of MS lesions. We conclude that CD44(v7) and CD44(v10), expressed on autoreactive CD4(hi)panCD44(hi) T cells, are critically involved in the pathogenesis of classic EAE by increasing their life span. Targeting these short CD44(v) isoform regions may reduce inflammatory processes and clinical symptoms in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Ghazi-Visser
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yang X, Sarvestani SK, Moeinzadeh S, He X, Jabbari E. Effect of CD44 binding peptide conjugated to an engineered inert matrix on maintenance of breast cancer stem cells and tumorsphere formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59147. [PMID: 23527117 PMCID: PMC3601067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As cancer cells are affected by many factors in their microenvironment, a major challenge is to isolate the effect of a specific factor on cancer stem cells (CSCs) while keeping other factors unchanged. We have developed a synthetic inert 3D polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) gel culture system as a unique tool to study the effect of microenvironmental factors on CSCs response. We have reported that CSCs formed in the inert PEGDA gel by encapsulation of breast cancer cells maintain their stemness within a certain range of gel stiffness. The objective was to investigate the effect of CD44 binding peptide (CD44BP) conjugated to the gel on the maintenance of breast CSCs. METHODS 4T1 or MCF7 breast cancer cells were encapsulated in PEGDA gel with CD44BP conjugation. Control groups included dissolved CD44BP and the gel with mutant CD44BP conjugation. Tumorsphere size and density, and expression of CSC markers were determined after 9 days. For in vivo, cell encapsulated gels were inoculated in syngeneic Balb/C mice and tumor formation was determined after 4 weeks. Effect of CD44BP conjugation on breast CSC maintenance was compared with integrin binding RGD peptide (IBP) and fibronectin-derived heparin binding peptide (FHBP). RESULTS Conjugation of CD44BP to the gel inhibited breast tumorsphere formation in vitro and in vivo. The ability of the encapsulated cells to form tumorspheres in the peptide-conjugated gels correlated with the expression of CSC markers. Tumorsphere formation in vitro was enhanced by FHBP while it was abolished by IBP. CONCLUSION CD44BP and IBP conjugated to the gel abolished tumorsphere formation by encapsulated 4T1 cells while FHBP enhanced tumorsphere formation compared to cells in the gel without peptide. The PEGDA hydrogel culture system provides a novel tool to investigate the individual effect of factors in the microenvironment on CSC maintenance without interference of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samaneh K. Sarvestani
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xuezhong He
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hara K, Ueda S, Ohno Y, Tanaka T, Yagi H, Okazaki S, Kawahara R, Masayuki T, Enomoto T, Hashimoto Y, Masuko K, Masuko T. NIH3T3 cells overexpressing CD98 heavy chain resist early G1 arrest and apoptosis induced by serum starvation. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1460-6. [PMID: 22497681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD98 is a heterodimeric glycoprotein of 125-kDa, which consists of a 90-kDa heavy chain (hc) subunit and 35-kDa to 55-kDa light chain (lc) subunits. It is strongly expressed on the surface of proliferating normal cells and almost all tumor cells. To investigate the participation of CD98 in cellular proliferation and malignant transformation, we analyzed cell-cycle progression of NIH3T3 clones transfected with cDNA of human CD98hc. Although NIH3T3 and control transfectant cells grown to the subconfluent state were arrested in the G0/G1 phase by serum starvation, considerable portions of CD98hc-transfected cells resided at S and G2/M phases. Under serum-starved and confluent conditions, significant fractions (20-25%) of NIH3T3 and control transfectant cells contained less than 2n content DNA, indicating occurrence of apoptosis, whereas no apoptotic cells were detected in CD98hc-transfectant cells. Under serum-starved conditions, a marked increase in the levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and a decrease in p16 were observed in CD98hc-transfectant cells. The reverse was true for NIH3T3 and control transfectant cells. Our results suggest that resistance to G1 arrest and apoptosis by CD98 overexpression are associated with high G1-cyclins and low p16 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Hara
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Martin-Castillo B, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Vazquez-Martin A, Cufí S, Moreno JM, Corominas-Faja B, Urruticoechea A, Martín ÁG, López-Bonet E, Menendez JA. Basal/HER2 breast carcinomas: integrating molecular taxonomy with cancer stem cell dynamics to predict primary resistance to trastuzumab (Herceptin). Cell Cycle 2012; 12:225-45. [PMID: 23255137 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High rates of inherent primary resistance to the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) are frequent among HER2 gene-amplified breast carcinomas in both metastatic and adjuvant settings. The clinical efficacy of trastuzumab is highly correlated with its ability to specifically and efficiently target HER2-driven populations of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). Intriguingly, many of the possible mechanisms by which cancer cells escape trastuzumab involve many of the same biomarkers that have been implicated in the biology of CS-like tumor-initiating cells. In the traditional, one-way hierarchy of CSCs in which all cancer cells descend from special self-renewing CSCs, HER2-positive CSCs can occur solely by self-renewal. Therefore, by targeting CSC self-renewal and resistance, trastuzumab is expected to induce tumor shrinkage and further reduce breast cancer recurrence rates when used alongside traditional therapies. In a new, alternate model, more differentiated non-stem cancer cells can revert to trastuzumab-refractory, CS-like cells via the activation of intrinsic or microenvironmental paths-to-stemness, such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Alternatively, stochastic transitions of trastuzumab-responsive CSCs might also give rise to non-CSC cellular states that lack major attributes of CSCs and, therefore, can remain "hidden" from trastuzumab activity. Here, we hypothesize that a better understanding of the CSC/non-CSC social structure within HER2-overexpressing breast carcinomas is critical for trastuzumab-based treatment decisions in the clinic. First, we decipher the biological significance of CSC features and the EMT on the molecular effects and efficacy of trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Second, we reinterpret the genetic heterogeneity that differentiates trastuzumab-responders from non-responders in terms of CSC cellular states. Finally, we propose that novel predictive approaches aimed at better forecasting early tumor responses to trastuzumab should identify biological determinants that causally underlie the intrinsic flexibility of HER2-positive CSCs to "enter" into or "exit" from trastuzumab-sensitive states. An accurate integration of CSC cellular states and EMT-related biomarkers with the currently available breast cancer molecular taxonomy may significantly improve our ability to make a priori decisions about whether patients belonging to HER2 subtypes differentially enriched with a "mesenchymal transition signature" (e.g., luminal/HER2 vs. basal/HER2) would distinctly benefit from trastuzumab-based therapy ab initio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona), Catalonia, Spain
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