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Chung MHJ, Mahmud-Al-Hasan M, Jennions MD, Head ML. Effects of inbreeding and elevated rearing temperatures on strategic sperm investment. Behav Ecol 2024; 35:arae044. [PMID: 38903732 PMCID: PMC11187721 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Males often strategically adjust the number of available sperm based on the social context (i.e. sperm priming response), but it remains unclear how environmental and genetic factors shape this adjustment. In freshwater ecosystems, high ambient temperatures often lead to isolated pools of hotter water in which inbreeding occurs. Higher water temperatures and inbreeding can impair fish development, potentially disrupting sperm production. We used guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to investigate how developmental temperature (26 °C, 30 °C) and male inbreeding status (inbred, outbred) influence their sperm priming response. We also tested if sperm priming was affected by whether the female was a relative (sister) and whether she was inbred or outbred. There was no effect of rearing temperature; male inbreeding status alone determined the number of available sperm in response to female presence, her inbreeding status, and her relatedness. Inbred males produced significantly more sperm in the presence of an unrelated, outbred female than when no female was present. Conversely, outbred males did not alter the number of sperm available in response to female presence or relatedness. Moreover, inbred males produced marginally more sperm when exposed to an unrelated female that was outbred rather than inbred, but there was no difference when exposed to an inbred female that was unrelated versus related. Together, a sperm priming response was only observed in inbred males when exposed to an outbred female. Outbred females in our study were larger than inbred females, suggesting that inbred males strategically allocated ejaculate resources toward females in better condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Joseph Chung
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Md Mahmud-Al-Hasan
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Megan L Head
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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2
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Valencia-Aguilar A, Ringler E, Lüpold S, Guayasamin JM, Prado CPA. Evolutionary trade-offs between testes size and parenting in Neotropical glassfrogs. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240054. [PMID: 38351799 PMCID: PMC10865008 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In males, large testes size signifies high sperm production and is commonly linked to heightened sperm competition levels. It may also evolve as a response to an elevated risk of sperm depletion due to multiple mating or large clutch sizes. Conversely, weapons, mate or clutch guarding may allow individuals to monopolize mating events and preclude sperm competition, thereby reducing the selection of large testes. Herein, we examined how paternal care, sexual size dimorphism (SSD), weaponry and female fecundity are linked to testes size in glassfrogs. We found that paternal care was associated with a reduction in relative testes size, suggesting an evolutionary trade-off between testes size and parenting. Although females were slightly larger than males and species with paternal care tended to have larger clutches, there was no significant relationship between SSD, clutch size and relative testes size. These findings suggest that the evolution of testes size in glassfrogs is influenced by sperm competition risk, rather than sperm depletion risk. We infer that clutch guarding precludes the risk of fertilization by other males and consequently diminishes selective pressure for larger testes. Our study highlights the prominent role of paternal care in the evolution of testes size in species with external fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyelet Valencia-Aguilar
- Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Evolução e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3032 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Ringler
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3032 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lüpold
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- Instituto Biósfera USFQ, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cynthia P. A. Prado
- Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Evolução e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, FCAV, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
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3
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Yokoi A, Sano T, Nagase S, Tanino A, Egas M, Sato Y. Sperm-depleted males of the two-spotted spider mite can replenish sperm in a few hours. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:251-262. [PMID: 37792170 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In many animals, males increase their reproductive success by mating with as many females as possible. The number of females a male can fertilize is often limited by male competition for access to females, sperm competition, and the cost of sperm production. Especially, recent studies have shown that sperm production is more costly than previously expected. In the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, the number of females a male can inseminate is limited mainly by male competition for access to females. However, in the absence of rivals, males mate with so many females that they can become sperm-depleted. Mating without sperm transfer does not produce any offspring, although it takes time and energy. Therefore, a question arises as to why males continue to mate even after sperm depletion. In this study, we hypothesized that males continue to mate because sperm is replenished after a short period. To test the hypothesis, we investigated how long it takes for sperm replenishment after sperm depletion. We found that in 3 h, sperm can be replenished enough to inseminate a few females. As 3 h is sufficiently short not to lose the next mating opportunity, the results support the hypothesis. However, copulation duration in the sperm-replenished males was significantly longer than in the sperm-depleted males but shorter than in males before sperm depletion. To explain the differences, further research would be necessary. In addition, anatomical physiology study in males is also required to confirm that sperm is indeed depleted and replenished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Yokoi
- College of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8572, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taito Sano
- Master's Program in Biology, Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1‑1‑1 Tennodai, 305‑8572, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sayuka Nagase
- College of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8572, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayana Tanino
- College of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8572, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Martijn Egas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yukie Sato
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences / Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8577, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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4
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Bennett-Keki S, Fowler EK, Folkes L, Moxon S, Chapman T. Sex-biased gene expression in nutrient-sensing pathways. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222086. [PMID: 36883280 PMCID: PMC9993052 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in lifespan between males and females are found across many taxa and may be determined, at least in part, by differential responses to diet. Here we tested the hypothesis that the higher dietary sensitivity of female lifespan is mediated by higher and more dynamic expression in nutrient-sensing pathways in females. We first reanalysed existing RNA-seq data, focusing on 17 nutrient-sensing genes with reported lifespan effects. This revealed, consistent with the hypothesis, a dominant pattern of female-biased gene expression, and among sex-biased genes there tended to be a loss of female-bias after mating. We then tested directly the expression of these 17 nutrient-sensing genes in wild-type third instar larvae, once-mated 5- and 16-day-old adults. This confirmed sex-biased gene expression and showed that it was generally absent in larvae, but frequent and stable in adults. Overall, the findings suggest a proximate explanation for the sensitivity of female lifespan to dietary manipulations. We suggest that the contrasting selective pressures to which males and females are subject create differing nutritional demands and requirements, resulting in sex differences in lifespan. This underscores the potential importance of the health impacts of sex-specific dietary responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Bennett-Keki
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Emily K. Fowler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Leighton Folkes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Simon Moxon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Tracey Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Ancestral Sperm Ecotypes Reveal Multiple Invasions of a Non-Native Fish in Northern Europe. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071743. [PMID: 34359913 PMCID: PMC8304145 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For externally fertilising organisms in the aquatic environment, the abiotic fertilisation medium can be a strong selecting force. Among bony fishes, sperm are adapted to function in a narrow salinity range. A notable exception is the family Gobiidae, where several species reproduce across a wide salinity range. The family also contains several wide-spread invasive species. To better understand how these fishes tolerate such varying conditions, we measured sperm performance in relation to salinity from a freshwater and a brackish population within their ancestral Ponto-Caspian region of the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus. These two ancestral populations were then compared to nine additional invaded sites across northern Europe, both in terms of their sperm traits and by using genomic SNP markers. Our results show clear patterns of ancestral adaptations to freshwater and brackish salinities in their sperm performance. Population genomic analyses show that the ancestral ecotypes have generally established themselves in environments that fit their sperm adaptations. Sites close to ports with intense shipping show that both outbreeding and admixture can affect the sperm performance of a population in a given salinity. Rapid adaptation to local conditions is also supported at some sites. Historical and contemporary evolution in the traits of the round goby sperm cells is tightly linked to the population and seascape genomics as well as biogeographic processes in these invasive fishes. Since the risk of a population establishing in an area is related to the genotype by environment match, port connectivity and the ancestry of the round goby population can likely be useful for predicting the species spread.
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6
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Strategic adjustment of ejaculate quality in response to variation of the socio-sexual environment. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Shandilya A, Singh P, Mishra G, Omkar O. Cost of mating in male
Menochilus sexmaculatus
(Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Shandilya
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
| | - Priya Singh
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
| | - Geetanjali Mishra
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
| | - Omkar Omkar
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
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8
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Durrant J, Green MP, Jones TM. Dim artificial light at night reduces the cellular immune response of the black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:571-582. [PMID: 30720239 PMCID: PMC7277038 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A functioning immune system is crucial for protection against disease and illness, yet increasing evidence suggests that species living in urban areas could be suffering from immune suppression, due to the presence of artificial light at night (ALAN). This study examined the effects of ecologically relevant levels of ALAN on three key measures of immune function (haemocyte concentration, lytic activity, and phenoloxidase activity) using a model invertebrate species, the Australian black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. We reared crickets under an ecologically relevant daily light-cycle consisting of 12 hr bright daylight (2600 lx) followed by either 12 h darkness (0 lx) or dim environmentally relevant ALAN (1, 10, 100 lx), and then assessed immune function at multiple time points throughout adult life using haemolymph samples. We found that the presence of ALAN had a clear negative effect on haemocytes, while the effects on lytic activity and phenoloxidase activity were more complex or largely unaffected by ALAN. Furthermore, the effects of lifelong exposure to ALAN of 1 lx were comparable to those of 10 and 100 lx. Our data suggest that the effects of ALAN could be large and widespread, and such reductions in the core immune response of individuals will likely have greater consequences for fitness and survival under more malign conditions, such as those of the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Durrant
- The School of BioSciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia
| | - Mark P. Green
- The School of BioSciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia
| | - Therésa M. Jones
- The School of BioSciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia
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9
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Effects of condition and sperm competition risk on sperm allocation and storage in neriid flies. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEjaculate traits can be sexually selected and often exhibit heightened condition-dependence. However, the influence of sperm competition risk in tandem with condition-dependent ejaculate allocation strategies is relatively unstudied. Because ejaculates are costly to produce, high-condition males may be expected to invest more in ejaculates when sperm competition risk is greater. We examined the condition-dependence of ejaculate size by manipulating nutrient concentration in the juvenile (larval) diet of the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. Using a fully factorial design we also examined the effects of perceived sperm competition risk (manipulated by allowing males to mate first or second) on the quantity of ejaculate transferred and stored in the three spermathecae of the female reproductive tract. To differentiate male ejaculates, we fed males nontoxic rhodamine fluorophores (which bind to proteins in the body) prior to mating, labeling their sperm red or green. We found that high-condition males initiated mating more quickly and, when mating second, transferred more ejaculate to both of the female’s posterior spermathecae. This suggests that males allocate ejaculates strategically, with high-condition males elevating their ejaculate investment only when facing sperm competition. More broadly, our findings suggest that ejaculate allocation strategies can incorporate variation in both condition and perceived risk of sperm competition.
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10
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Chérasse S, Aron S. Impact of immune activation on stored sperm viability in ant queens. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:20182248. [PMID: 30963911 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ant queens mate on a single occasion early in life and store millions of sperm cells in their spermatheca. By carefully using stored sperm to fertilize eggs, they can produce large colonies of thousands of individuals. Queens can live for decades and their lifetime reproductive success is dependent on their ability to keep stored sperm alive. Maintaining high sperm viability requires metabolic energy which could trade-off with other costly processes such as immunity. We tested the impact of immune activation on the survival of stored sperm by prompting Lasius niger ant queens to mount a melanization response and subsequently measuring sperm viability in their spermatheca. Since queens face different challenges that influence energy allocation depending on the life stage of their colony, we measured sperm viability after immune activation in both newly mated queens (incipient) and in queens 1 year after mating (established). We found that immune activation reduced sperm viability in established queens but not in incipient queens, showing that the cost of immunity on sperm preservation depends on the life stage. Unexpectedly, established queens had significantly higher sperm viability in their spermatheca compared to incipient queens suggesting that ant queens are able to remove dead sperm from their spermatheca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chérasse
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - Serge Aron
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels , Belgium
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11
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Simmons LW, Lovegrove M, Lymbery SJ. Dietary antioxidants, but not courtship effort, affect oxidative balance in the testes and muscles of crickets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.184770. [PMID: 30190320 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.184770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent interest has focused on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as universal constraints in life-history evolution. Empirical studies have examined the oxidative costs of reproduction for females, with little work conducted on males. The male germline is thought to be particularly susceptible to oxidative damage because the testes, and the sperm themselves, can be prolific producers of ROS. We tested the hypothesis that protection of the male germline from oxidative damage represents a cost of reproduction for males. We fed male crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus, with one of two experimental diets in which we manipulated the availability of dietary antioxidants, and we induced variation in their expenditure on courtship effort by manipulating access to females. We measured the total antioxidant capacity, levels of ROS production and the amount of oxidative damage to proteins in both testis and thoracic muscle tissues. Dietary antioxidants contributed to positive oxidative balance in both tissue types. Although the testes had greater antioxidant defences than muscle tissue, they also produced considerably higher levels of ROS and sustained higher levels of oxidative damage. Courtship effort had no impact on any measure of oxidative balance. Our data confirm that the male germline is especially susceptible to oxidative stress and that dietary antioxidants can alleviate this oxidative cost of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Maxine Lovegrove
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Samuel J Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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12
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Nystrand M, Cassidy EJ, Dowling DK. The effects of a bacterial challenge on reproductive success of fruit flies evolved under low or high sexual selection. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9341-9352. [PMID: 30377505 PMCID: PMC6194216 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of individuals to cope with stress, for example, from pathogen exposure, might decrease with increasing levels of sexual selection, although it remains unclear which sex should be more sensitive. Here, we measured the ability of each sex to maintain high reproductive success following challenges with either heat-killed bacteria or procedural control, across replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster evolved under either high or low levels of sexual selection. Our experiment was run across four separate sampling blocks. We found an interaction between bacterial treatment, sexual selection treatment, and sampling block on female reproductive success. Specifically, and only in the fourth block, we observed that bacterial-challenged females that had evolved under high sexual selection, exhibited lower reproductive success than bacterial-challenged females that had evolved under low sexual selection. Furthermore, we could trace this block-specific effect to a reduction in viscosity of the ovipositioning substrate in the fourth block, in which females laid around 50% more eggs than in previous blocks. In contrast, patterns of male reproductive success were consistent across blocks. Males that evolved under high sexual selection exhibited higher reproductive success than their low-selection counterparts, regardless of whether they were subjected to a bacterial challenge or not. Our results are consistent with the prediction that heightened sexual selection will invoke male-specific evolutionary increases in reproductive fitness. Furthermore, our findings suggest that females might pay fitness costs when exposed to high levels of sexual selection, but that these costs may lie cryptic, and only be revealed under certain environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth J. Cassidy
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Department of Plant and Organismal BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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13
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Firman RC, Garcia‐Gonzalez F, Simmons LW, André GI. A competitive environment influences sperm production, but not testes tissue composition, in house mice. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1647-1654. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renée C. Firman
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Francisco Garcia‐Gonzalez
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- Estacion Biológica de Doñana CSIC Sevilla Spain
| | - Leigh W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Gonçalo I. André
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
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14
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Dubey A, Saxena S, Mishra G, Omkar. Mating experience influences mate choice and reproductive output in an aphidophagous ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus. ANIM BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-17000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Information about mating status can be used to decide about whether to invest resources in mating with a particular partner. In the present study, we evaluated mate choice in relation to the mating experience of males and females of Menochilus sexmaculatus. We subjected both unmated and multiply mated males and females to different mate choice trials. The mating experience of the adults includes unmated, once-mated, twice-mated and multiply mated. The mate choice trials revealed that unmated adults were preferred over mated adults by both unmated and multiply mated partners. This preference for unmated partners also had consequences for mating behaviour and reproductive output. Unmated and multiply mated females commenced mating with unmated males earlier. In addition, unmated and multiply mated males invested more time in copula with unmated females. Moreover, females mated with unmated males were more fecund than those mated with previously mated males. This suggests that mating experience of mates may influence mating and reproductive behaviour in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dubey
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Swati Saxena
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Geetanjali Mishra
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Omkar
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
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15
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Eckel BA, Guo R, Reinhardt K. More Pitfalls with Sperm Viability Staining and a Viability-Based Stress Test to Characterize Sperm Quality. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Sexual activity affects the redox profile along the aging process in male rats. Biogerontology 2017; 19:13-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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SCHREMPF A, MOSER A, DELABIE J, HEINZE J. Sperm traits differ between winged and wingless males of the antCardiocondyla obscurior. Integr Zool 2016; 11:427-432. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra SCHREMPF
- Zoology/Evolutionary Biology; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Astrid MOSER
- Zoology/Evolutionary Biology; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Jacques DELABIE
- Myrmecological Laboratory; Cocoa Research Center CEPLAC; Itabuna Brazil
| | - Jürgen HEINZE
- Zoology/Evolutionary Biology; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
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18
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Potential Reproductive Advantage of Short-over Long-Winged Adult Males of the Cricket Velarifictorus ornatus. Evol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-016-9395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Branco AT, Schilling L, Silkaitis K, Dowling DK, Lemos B. Reproductive activity triggers accelerated male mortality and decreases lifespan: genetic and gene expression determinants in Drosophila. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 118:221-228. [PMID: 27731328 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction and aging evolved to be intimately associated. Experimental selection for early-life reproduction drives the evolution of decreased longevity in Drosophila whereas experimental selection for increased longevity leads to changes in reproduction. Although life history theory offers hypotheses to explain these relationships, the genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms underlying reproduction-longevity associations remain a matter of debate. Here we show that mating triggers accelerated mortality in males and identify hundreds of genes that are modulated upon mating in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Interrogation of genome-wide gene expression in virgin and recently mated males revealed coherent responses, with biological processes that are upregulated (testis-specific gene expression) or downregulated (metabolism and mitochondria-related functions) upon mating. Furthermore, using a panel of genotypes from the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR) as a source of naturally occurring genetic perturbation, we uncover abundant variation in longevity and reproduction-induced mortality among genotypes. Genotypes displayed more than fourfold variation in longevity and reproduction-induced mortality that can be traced to variation in specific segments of the genome. The data reveal individual variation in sensitivity to reproduction and physiological processes that are enhanced and suppressed upon mating. These results raise the prospect that variation in longevity and age-related traits could be traced to processes that coordinate germline and somatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Branco
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Schilling
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Silkaitis
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Lemos
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Alavi Y, Elgar MA, Jones TM. Male Mating Success and the Effect of Mating History on Ejaculate Traits in a Facultatively Parthenogenic Insect (Extatosoma tiaratum). Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Alavi
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Mark A. Elgar
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Therésa M. Jones
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
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Duneau D, Ebert D, Du Pasquier L. Infections by Pasteuria do not protect its natural host Daphnia magna from subsequent infections. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:120-125. [PMID: 26709232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The existence of immunological memory in invertebrates remains a contentious topic. Exposure of Daphnia magna crustaceans to a noninfectious dose of the bacterium Pasteuria ramosa has been reported to reduce the chance of future infection upon exposure to higher doses. Using clonal hosts and parasites, we tested whether initial exposure of the host to the parasite (priming), followed by clearing of the parasite with antibiotic, protects the host from a second exposure (challenge). Our experiments included three treatments: priming and challenge with the same or with a different parasite clone, or no priming. Two independent experiments showed that both the likelihood of infection and the degree of parasite proliferation did not differ between treatments, supporting the conclusion that there is no immunological memory in this system. We discuss the possibility that previous discordant reports could result from immune or stress responses that did not fade following initial priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Duneau
- University of Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Dieter Ebert
- University of Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louis Du Pasquier
- University of Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Devigili A, Belluomo V, Locatello L, Rasotto MB, Pilastro A. Postcopulatory cost of immune system activation in Poecilia reticulata. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2016.1152305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Belluomo
- Department of Life Science, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Lisa Locatello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pilastro
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Cattelan S, Evans JP, Pilastro A, Gasparini C. The effect of sperm production and mate availability on patterns of alternative mating tactics in the guppy. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Bunning H, Rapkin J, Belcher L, Archer CR, Jensen K, Hunt J. Protein and carbohydrate intake influence sperm number and fertility in male cockroaches, but not sperm viability. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2014.2144. [PMID: 25608881 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that because males produce many, tiny sperm, they are cheap to produce. Recent work, however, suggests that sperm production is not cost-free. If sperm are costly to produce, sperm number and/or viability should be influenced by diet, and this has been documented in numerous species. Yet few studies have examined the exact nutrients responsible for mediating these effects. Here, we quantify the effects of protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) intake on sperm number and viability in the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea, as well as the consequences for male fertility. We found the intake of P and C influenced sperm number, being maximized at a high intake of diets with a P : C ratio of 1 : 2, but not sperm viability. The nutritional landscapes for male fertility and sperm number were closely aligned, suggesting that sperm number is the major determinant of male fertility in N. cinerea. Under dietary choice, males regulate nutrient intake at a P : C ratio of 1 : 4.95, which is midway between the ratios needed to maximize sperm production and pre-copulatory attractiveness in this species. This raises the possibility that males regulate nutrient intake to balance the trade-off between pre- and post-copulatory traits in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Bunning
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Laurence Belcher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kim Jensen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Gardner Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
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25
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Andrews PW, Bharwani A, Lee KR, Fox M, Thomson JA. Is serotonin an upper or a downer? The evolution of the serotonergic system and its role in depression and the antidepressant response. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 51:164-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kekäläinen J, Pirhonen J, Taskinen J. Do highly ornamented and less parasitized males have high quality sperm? - an experimental test for parasite-induced reproductive trade-offs in European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4237-46. [PMID: 25540686 PMCID: PMC4267863 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites take their resources from hosts and thus directly reduce available resources for hosts' own body functions, such as growth and reproduction. Furthermore, parasite infections cause significant indirect costs to their hosts in terms of increased investments on immune defense. In this study, we investigated the impact of parasite infection on the sperm quality and expression of secondary sexual ornamentation (saturation of the red abdominal colouration and number of breeding tubercles) in the Eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). We exposed minnows to a high and low dose of common nonspecific fish ectoparasite, the glochidia larvae of duck mussel (Anodonta anatina) and tested whether parasite infection leads to trade-off in sperm quality and/or ornamental expression. We found that glochidia infection reduces the curvature of the sperm swimming trajectory, number of breeding tubercles, and possibly male competitive ability, but does not affect expression of male color ornamentation. Furthermore, glochidia infection was found to reduce sperm motility, but only when all the noninfected individuals were excluded from the model. Supporting one of the predictions by phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis both in high-infection and low-infection group male breeding colouration was positively associated with sperm quality. Our results suggest that although glochidia infection may have negative impact on male reproductive success, parasite-induced costs may not create strong trade-off between breeding colouration and sperm quality or that such trade-off become detectable only in resource-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Kekäläinen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern FinlandP.O. Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | - Juhani Pirhonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jouni Taskinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland
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27
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McNamara KB, van Lieshout E, Simmons LW. A test of the sexy-sperm and good-sperm hypotheses for the evolution of polyandry. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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McNamara KB, van Lieshout E, Simmons LW. The effect of maternal and paternal immune challenge on offspring immunity and reproduction in a cricket. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1020-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. B. McNamara
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology (M092); the University of Western Australia; Crawley Australia
| | - E. van Lieshout
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology (M092); the University of Western Australia; Crawley Australia
| | - L. W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology (M092); the University of Western Australia; Crawley Australia
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29
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McNamara KB, van Lieshout E, Simmons LW. Females suffer a reduction in the viability of stored sperm following an immune challenge. J Evol Biol 2013; 27:133-40. [PMID: 24251540 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous nature of sperm storage in invertebrates, relatively little is known about its costs, or the impact that immune activation can have on a female's ability to maintain viable sperm stores. We explored the effects of an immune challenge on sperm storage under food-limited and ad libitum conditions in the field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, by injecting mated adult females with either a LD5 dose of live bacteria or a nonpathogenic immune elicitor [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and then scoring the viability of their stored sperm. Females that were infected with bacteria showed a reduction in the viability of stored sperm 48 h after infection; interestingly, this pattern was not evident when females were injected with LPS. Reduction in sperm viability post-infection may reflect a reproductive trade-off between immune function and sperm store maintenance, as only females injected with bacteria showed an elevated antibacterial immune (lytic) response. Alternatively, bacteria may act directly on sperm quality. Dietary manipulations showed that lytic activity in females is condition dependent, irrespective of their immune challenge treatment. Diet affected the ability of females to maintain the viability of stored sperm, suggesting that sperm storage is condition dependent. That bacterial infection associated with a reduction in stored sperm quality has potentially important implications for the outcomes of sperm competition in T. oceanicus and in other species in which females store sperm between matings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B McNamara
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - E van Lieshout
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - L W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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30
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Decanini DP, Wong BBM, Dowling DK. Context-dependent expression of sperm quality in the fruitfly. Biol Lett 2013; 9:20130736. [PMID: 24152695 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In most species, females mate multiply within a reproductive cycle, invoking post-copulatory selection on ejaculatory components. Much research has focused on disentangling the key traits important in deciding the outcomes of sperm competition and investigating patterns of covariance among these traits. Less attention has focused on the degree to which such patterns might be context-dependent. Here, we examine whether the expression of sperm viability-a widely used measure of sperm quality-and patterns of covariance between this trait and male reproductive morphologies, change across distinct age classes and across naturally occurring genotypes, when expressed in both heterozygotic (extreme outbred) and homozygotic (extreme inbred) states in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Older males, and heterozygous males, generally exhibited higher sperm viability. The male age effect seems at least partly explained by a positive association between sperm numbers and viability. First, old males possessed more stored sperm than young males, and second, sperm numbers and viability were also positively associated within each age class. Furthermore, we found a positive association between sperm viability and testis size, but only among heterozygous, old males. These results suggest that sperm quality is a labile trait, with expression levels that are context-dependent and shaped by multiple, potentially interacting, factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paz Decanini
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, , Victoria 3800, Australia
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Gupta V, Ali ZS, Prasad NG. Sexual activity increases resistance against Pseudomonas entomophila in male Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:185. [PMID: 24010544 PMCID: PMC3847581 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance and deployment cost of immunity is high, therefore, it is expected to trade-off with other high cost traits like sexual activity. Previous studies with Drosophila melanogaster show that male's ability to clear bacteria decreases with increase in sexual activity. We subjected this idea to test using two pathogens (Pseudomonas entomophila and Staphylococcus succinus) and three different populations of Drosophila melanogaster. RESULTS We found that sexual activity enhanced male survivorship in a pathogen specific manner. Sexually active males show higher resistance than virgins upon infection with Pseudomonas entomophila. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of sexual activity increased with time of co-habitation with females and declined when access to females was restricted. We observed no change in male survivorship upon experimentally varying the number of sexual interactions. CONCLUSION Our results show that the sexual activity-immunity trade-off in males cannot be generalised. The trade-off is potentially mediated through complex interactions between the host, pathogen and the environment experienced by the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanika Gupta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, India.
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32
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Salomon TB, Hackenhaar FS, Almeida AC, Schüller AK, Gil Alabarse PV, Ehrenbrink G, Benfato MS. Oxidative stress in testis of animals during aging with and without reproductive activity. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:940-6. [PMID: 23834967 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The free radical theory of aging postulates that an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and antioxidant defenses is important in senescence. To address this issue and gain insight into the aging process, we have evaluated the antioxidant defenses and have assessed oxidative damage in testis tissues in aging male rats. In order to relate aging and reproduction, animals with and without reproductive activity were studied. In reproductive animals the results showed a progressive increase in antioxidant enzyme activity until 12 months of age followed by an abrupt fall at 24 months. In non-reproductive animals, antioxidant activity was stable through 12 months of age, but again, fell abruptly at 24 months of age. In addition, increased aconitase activity and increased testosterone levels were found among reproductively active animals. The data demonstrate the existence of metabolic differences in testis of reproductively experienced animals and reproductively naïve animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Boeira Salomon
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica-IB-UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
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Worthington AM, Gress BE, Neyer AA, Kelly CD. Do male crickets strategically adjust the number and viability of their sperm under sperm competition? Anim Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Simmons LW, Thomas ML, Simmons FW, Zuk M. Female preferences for acoustic and olfactory signals during courtship: male crickets send multiple messages. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Branco AT, Tao Y, Hartl DL, Lemos B. Natural variation of the Y chromosome suppresses sex ratio distortion and modulates testis-specific gene expression in Drosophila simulans. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 111:8-15. [PMID: 23591516 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked sex-ratio distorters that disrupt spermatogenesis can cause a deficiency in functional Y-bearing sperm and a female-biased sex ratio. Y-linked modifiers that restore a normal sex ratio might be abundant and favored when a X-linked distorter is present. Here we investigated natural variation of Y-linked suppressors of sex-ratio in the Winters systems and the ability of these chromosomes to modulate gene expression in Drosophila simulans. Seventy-eight Y chromosomes of worldwide origin were assayed for their resistance to the X-linked sex-ratio distorter gene Dox. Y chromosome diversity caused males to sire ∼63% to ∼98% female progeny. Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed hundreds of genes differentially expressed between isogenic males with sensitive (high sex ratio) and resistant (low sex ratio) Y chromosomes from the same population. Although the expression of about 75% of all testis-specific genes remained unchanged across Y chromosomes, a subset of post-meiotic genes was upregulated by resistant Y chromosomes. Conversely, a set of accessory gland-specific genes and mitochondrial genes were downregulated in males with resistant Y chromosomes. The D. simulans Y chromosome also modulated gene expression in XXY females in which the Y-linked protein-coding genes are not transcribed. The data suggest that the Y chromosome might exert its regulatory functions through epigenetic mechanisms that do not require the expression of protein-coding genes. The gene network that modulates sex ratio distortion by the Y chromosome is poorly understood, other than that it might include interactions with mitochondria and enriched for genes expressed in post-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Branco
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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