1
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Rivera-Rincón N, Altindag UH, Amin R, Graze RM, Appel AG, Stevison LS. "A comparison of thermal stress response between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura reveals differences between species and sexes". JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 153:104616. [PMID: 38278288 PMCID: PMC11048572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The environment is changing faster than anticipated due to climate change, making species more vulnerable to its impacts. The level of vulnerability of species is influenced by factors such as the degree and duration of exposure, as well as the physiological sensitivity of organisms to changes in their environments, which has been shown to vary among species, populations, and individuals. Here, we compared physiological changes in fecundity, critical thermalmaximum (CTmax), respiratory quotient (RQ), and DNA damage in ovaries in response to temperature stress in two species of fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (25 vs. 29.5 °C) and Drosophila pseudoobscura (20.5 vs. 25 °C). The fecundity of D. melanogaster was more affected by high temperatures when exposed during egg through adult development, while D. pseudoobscura was most significantly affected when exposed to high temperatures exclusively during egg through pupal development. Additionally, D. melanogaster males exhibited a decrease of CTmax under high temperatures, while females showed an increase of CTmax when exposed to high temperatures during egg through adult development. while D. pseudoobscura females and males showed an increased CTmax only when reared at high temperatures during egg through pupae development. Moreover, both species showed an acceleration in oogenesis and an increase in apoptosis due to heat stress. These changes can likely be attributed to key differences in the geographic range, thermal range, development time, and other different factors between these two systems. Through this comparison of variation in physiology and developmental response to thermal stress, we found important differences between species and sexes that suggest future work needs to account for these factors separately in understanding the effects of constant increased temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rivera-Rincón
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - U H Altindag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - R Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - R M Graze
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - A G Appel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - L S Stevison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA.
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2
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Vea IM, Wilcox AS, Frankino WA, Shingleton AW. Genetic Variation in Sexual Size Dimorphism Is Associated with Variation in Sex-Specific Plasticity in Drosophila. Am Nat 2023; 202:368-381. [PMID: 37606943 DOI: 10.1086/725420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe difference in body size between females and males, or sexual size dimorphism (SSD), is ubiquitous, yet we have a poor understanding of the developmental genetic mechanisms that generate it and how these mechanisms may vary within and among species. Such an understanding of the genetic architecture of SSD is important if we are to evaluate alternative models of SSD evolution, but the genetic architecture is difficult to describe because SSD is a characteristic of populations, not individuals. Here, we overcome this challenge by using isogenic lineages of Drosophila to measure SSD for 196 genotypes. We demonstrate extensive genetic variation for SSD, primarily driven by higher levels of genetic variation for body size among females than among males. While we observe a general increase in SSD with sex-averaged body size (pooling for sex) among lineages, most of the variation in SSD is independent of sex-averaged body size and shows a strong genetic correlation with sex-specific plasticity, such that increased female-biased SSD is associated with increased body size plasticity in females. Our data are consistent with the condition dependence hypothesis of sexual dimorphism and suggest that SSD in Drosophila is a consequence of selection on the developmental genetic mechanisms that regulate the plasticity of body size.
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3
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Dool SE, Picker MD, Eberhard MJB. Limited dispersal and local adaptation promote allopatric speciation in a biodiversity hotspot. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:279-295. [PMID: 34643310 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently diverged or diverging populations can offer unobstructed insights into early barriers to gene flow during the initial stages of speciation. The current study utilised a novel insect system (order Mantophasmatodea) to shed light on the early drivers of speciation. The members of this group have limited dispersal abilities, small allopatric distributions and strong habitat associations in the Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot in South Africa. Sister taxa from the diverse family Austrophasmatidae were chosen as focal species (Karoophasma biedouwense, K. botterkloofense). Population genetics and Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM) were used to characterise spatial patterns of genetic variation and evaluate the contribution of environmental factors to population divergence and speciation. Extensive sampling confirmed the suspected allopatry of these taxa. However, hybrids were identified in a narrow region occurring between the species' distributions. Strong population structure was found over short geographic distances; particularly in K. biedouwense in which geographic distance accounted for 32% of genetic variation over a scale of 50 km (r = .56, p < .001). GDM explained 42%-78% of the deviance in observed genetic dissimilarities. Geographic distance was consistently indicated to be important for between species and within population differentiation, suggesting that limited dispersal ability may be an important neutral driver of divergence. Temperature, altitude, precipitation and vegetation were also indicated as important factors, suggesting the possible role of adaptation to local environmental conditions for species divergence. The discovery of the hybrid-zone, and the multiple allopatric species pairs in Austrophasmatidae support the idea that this could be a promising group to further our understanding of speciation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena E Dool
- General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mike D Picker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monika J B Eberhard
- General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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4
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Coughlan JM, Matute DR. The importance of intrinsic postzygotic barriers throughout the speciation process. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190533. [PMID: 32654642 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic postzygotic barriers can play an important and multifaceted role in speciation, but their contribution is often thought to be reserved to the final stages of the speciation process. Here, we review how intrinsic postzygotic barriers can contribute to speciation, and how this role may change through time. We outline three major contributions of intrinsic postzygotic barriers to speciation. (i) reduction of gene flow: intrinsic postzygotic barriers can effectively reduce gene exchange between sympatric species pairs. We discuss the factors that influence how effective incompatibilities are in limiting gene flow. (ii) early onset of species boundaries via rapid evolution: intrinsic postzygotic barriers can evolve between recently diverged populations or incipient species, thereby influencing speciation relatively early in the process. We discuss why the early origination of incompatibilities is expected under some biological models, and detail how other (and often less obvious) incompatibilities may also serve as important barriers early on in speciation. (iii) reinforcement: intrinsic postzygotic barriers can promote the evolution of subsequent reproductive isolation through processes such as reinforcement, even between relatively recently diverged species pairs. We incorporate classic and recent empirical and theoretical work to explore these three facets of intrinsic postzygotic barriers, and provide our thoughts on recent challenges and areas in the field in which progress can be made. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn M Coughlan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, 120 South Road, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, 120 South Road, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Frankino WA, Bakota E, Dworkin I, Wilkinson GS, Wolf JB, Shingleton AW. Individual Cryptic Scaling Relationships and the Evolution of Animal Form. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:1411-1428. [PMID: 31364716 PMCID: PMC6863759 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial selection offers a powerful tool for the exploration of how selection and development shape the evolution of morphological scaling relationships. An emerging approach models the expression and evolution of morphological scaling relationships as a function of variation among individuals in the developmental mechanisms that regulate trait growth. These models posit the existence of genotype-specific morphological scaling relationships that are unseen or "cryptic." Within-population allelic variation at growth-regulating loci determines how these individual cryptic scaling relationships are distributed, and exposure to environmental factors that affect growth determines the size phenotype expressed by each individual on their cryptic, genotype-specific scaling relationship. These models reveal that evolution of the intercept and slope of the population-level static allometry is determined, often in counterintuitive ways, largely by the shape of the distribution of these underlying individual-level scaling relationships. Here we review this modeling framework and present the wing-body size individual cryptic scaling relationships from a population of Drosophila melanogaster. To determine how these models might inform interpretation of published work on scaling relationship evolution, we review studies where artificial selection was applied to alter the parameters of population-level static allometries. Finally, motivated by our review, we outline areas in need of empirical work and describe a research program to address these topics; the approach includes describing the distribution of individual cryptic scaling relationships across populations and environments, empirical testing of the model's predictions, and determining the effects of environmental heterogeneity on realized trait distributions and how this affects allometry evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Anthony Frankino
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - Eric Bakota
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - Ian Dworkin
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L9H 6X9
| | - Gerald S Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jason B Wolf
- Milner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Alexander W Shingleton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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6
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Castillo DM, Moyle LC. Conspecific sperm precedence is reinforced, but postcopulatory sexual selection weakened, in sympatric populations of Drosophila. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182535. [PMID: 30900533 PMCID: PMC6452082 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection can accelerate speciation by driving the evolution of reproductive isolation, but forces driving speciation could also reciprocally feedback on sexual selection. This might be particularly important in the context of 'reinforcement', where selection acts directly to increase prezygotic barriers to reduce the cost of heterospecific matings. Using assays of sperm competition within and between two sister species, we show a signature of reinforcement where these species interact: populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura that co-occur with sister species D. persimilis have an elevated ability to outcompete heterospecific sperm, consistent with selection for increased postcopulatory isolation. We also find these D. pseudoobscura populations have decreased sperm competitive ability against conspecifics, reducing the opportunity for sexual selection within these populations. Our findings demonstrate that direct selection to increase reproductive isolation against other species can compromise the efficacy of sexual selection within species, a collateral effect of reproductive traits responding to heterospecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M. Castillo
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Leonie C. Moyle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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7
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Hinton JW, Gittleman JL, van Manen FT, Chamberlain MJ. Size-assortative choice and mate availability influences hybridization between red wolves ( Canis rufus) and coyotes ( Canis latrans). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3927-3940. [PMID: 29721269 PMCID: PMC5916303 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic hybridization of historically isolated taxa has become a primary conservation challenge for many imperiled species. Indeed, hybridization between red wolves (Canis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) poses a significant challenge to red wolf recovery. We considered seven hypotheses to assess factors influencing hybridization between red wolves and coyotes via pair‐bonding between the two species. Because long‐term monogamy and defense of all‐purpose territories are core characteristics of both species, mate choice has long‐term consequences. Therefore, red wolves may choose similar‐sized mates to acquire partners that behave similarly to themselves in the use of space and diet. We observed multiple factors influencing breeding pair formation by red wolves and found that most wolves paired with similar‐sized conspecifics and wolves that formed congeneric pairs with nonwolves (coyotes and hybrids) were mostly female wolves, the smaller of the two sexes. Additionally, we observed that lower red wolf abundance relative to nonwolves and the absence of helpers increased the probability that wolves consorted with nonwolves. However, successful pairings between red wolves and nonwolves were associated with wolves that maintained small home ranges. Behaviors associated with territoriality are energetically demanding and behaviors (e.g., aggressive interactions, foraging, and space use) involved in maintaining territories are influenced by body size. Consequently, we propose the hypothesis that size disparities between consorting red wolves and coyotes influence positive assortative mating and may represent a reproductive barrier between the two species. We offer that it may be possible to maintain wild populations of red wolves in the presence of coyotes if management strategies increase red wolf abundance on the landscape by mitigating key threats, such as human‐caused mortality and hybridization with coyotes. Increasing red wolf abundance would likely restore selection pressures that increase mean body and home‐range sizes of red wolves and decrease hybridization rates via reduced occurrence of congeneric pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Hinton
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | | | - Frank T van Manen
- U.S. Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team Bozeman MT USA
| | - Michael J Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA
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8
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Sánchez-Guillén RA, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Hansson B, Ott J, Wellenreuther M. Evolutionary consequences of climate-induced range shifts in insects. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:1050-1064. [PMID: 26150047 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Range shifts can rapidly create new areas of geographic overlap between formerly allopatric taxa and evidence is accumulating that this can affect species persistence. We review the emerging literature on the short- and long-term consequences of these geographic range shifts. Specifically, we focus on the evolutionary consequences of novel species interactions in newly created sympatric areas by describing the potential (i) short-term processes acting on reproductive barriers between species and (ii) long-term consequences of range shifts on the stability of hybrid zones, introgression and ultimately speciation and extinction rates. Subsequently, we (iii) review the empirical literature on insects to evaluate which processes have been studied, and (iv) outline some areas that deserve increased attention in the future, namely the genomics of hybridisation and introgression, our ability to forecast range shifts and the impending threat from insect vectors and pests on biodiversity, human health and crop production. Our review shows that species interactions in de novo sympatric areas can be manifold, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing species diversity. A key issue that emerges is that climate-induced hybridisations in insects are much more widespread than anticipated and that rising temperatures and increased anthropogenic disturbances are accelerating the process of species mixing. The existing evidence only shows the tip of the iceberg and we are likely to see many more cases of species mixing following range shifts in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A Sánchez-Guillén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden. .,Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto of Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 70 275, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto of Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 70 275, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Ott
- L.U.P.O. GmbH, 67705, Trippstadt, Germany
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden.,Plant and Food Research, Nelson, 7043, New Zealand
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9
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Myers EM, Harwell TI, Yale EL, Lamb AM, Frankino WA. Multifaceted, cross-generational costs of hybridization in sibling Drosophila species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80331. [PMID: 24265807 PMCID: PMC3827178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive hybridization, as determined by the pattern and intensity of selection against hybrid individuals, is an important factor contributing to the evolution of prezygotic reproductive isolation. To identify the consequences of hybridization between Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, we estimated multiple fitness components for F1 hybrids and backcross progeny and used these to compare the relative fitness of parental species and their hybrids across two generations. We document many sources of intrinsic (developmental) and extrinsic (ecological) selection that dramatically increase the fitness costs of hybridization beyond the well-documented F1 male sterility in this model system. Our results indicate that the cost of hybridization accrues over multiple generations and reinforcement in this system is driven by selection against hybridization above and beyond the cost of hybrid male sterility; we estimate a fitness loss of >95% relative to the parental species across two generations of hybridization. Our findings demonstrate the importance of estimating hybridization costs using multiple fitness measures from multiple generations in an ecologically relevant context; so doing can reveal intense postzygotic selection against hybridization and thus, an enhanced role for reinforcement in the evolution of populations and diversification of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Myers
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tiffany I. Harwell
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Yale
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Abigail M. Lamb
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - W. Anthony Frankino
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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10
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Matute DR, Harris A. The influence of abdominal pigmentation on desiccation and ultraviolet resistance in two species of Drosophila. Evolution 2013; 67:2451-60. [PMID: 23888866 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila yakuba and D. santomea are sister species that differ in their levels of abdominal pigmentation; D. yakuba shows heavily pigmented posterior abdominal segments in both sexes, whereas D. santomea lacks dark pigment anywhere on its body. Using naturally collected lines, we demonstrate the existence of altitudinal variation in abdominal pigmentation in D. yakuba but not in D. santomea. We use the variation in pigmentation within D. yakuba and two body-color mutants in D. yakuba to elucidate selective advantage of differences in pigmentation. Our results indicate that although differences in abdominal pigmentation have no effect on desiccation resistance, lighter pigmentation confers ultraviolet radiation resistance in this pair of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Matute
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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11
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The genetic basis of female mate preference and species isolation in Drosophila. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2012; 2012:328392. [PMID: 22957299 PMCID: PMC3432541 DOI: 10.1155/2012/328392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The processes that underlie mate choice have long fascinated biologists. With the advent of increasingly refined genetic tools, we are now beginning to understand the genetic basis of how males and females discriminate among potential mates. One aspect of mate discrimination of particular interest is that which isolates one species from another. As behavioral isolation is thought to be the first step in speciation, and females are choosy more often than males in this regard, identifying the genetic variants that influence interspecies female mate choice can enhance our understanding of the process of speciation. Here, we review the literature on female mate choice in the most widely used model system for studies of species isolation Drosophila. Although females appear to use the same traits for both within- and between-species female mate choice, there seems to be a different genetic basis underlying these choices. Interestingly, most genomic regions that cause females to reject heterospecific males fall within areas of low recombination. Likely, candidate genes are those that act within the auditory or olfactory system, or within areas of the brain that process these systems.
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