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Shoeibi S, Green E, Wei H, Gou W, Strange C, Wang H. Immortalized Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Overexpressing Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Protect Acinar Cells from Apoptotic and Ferroptotic Cell Death. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2961444. [PMID: 37609340 PMCID: PMC10441457 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2961444/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder that impairs endocrine and exocrine function. Our previous work suggests that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSCs overexpressing alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT-MSCs) could be therapeutic tools for CP treatment in mouse models. However, primary MSCs have a predisposition to undergo senescence during culture expansion which limits their therapeutic applications. Here we generated and characterized immortalized human MSCs (iMSCs) and AAT-MSCs (iAAT-MSCs) and tested their protective effect on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) -induced acinar cell death in an in vitro cell culture system. Primary MSCs were immortalized by transduction with simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT), and the resulting iMSC and iAAT-MSC lines were analyzed for proliferation, senescence, phenotype, and multi-differentiation potential. Subsequently, the impact of these cells on TNBS-induced cell death was measured and compared. Both apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways were investigated by assessing changes of critical factors before and after cell treatment. Coculture of iMSCs and iAAT-MSCs with acinar cell lines inhibited early apoptosis induced by TNBS, reduced ER stress, and reversed TNBS-induced protein reduction at tight junctions. Additionally, iMSCs and iAAT-MSCs exerted such protection by regulating mitochondrial respiration, ATP content, and ROS production in TNBS-induced acinar cells. Furthermore, iMSCs and iAAT-MSCs ameliorated ferroptosis by regulating the ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1)/protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)/glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4) signaling pathways and by modulating ROS function and iron generation in acinar cells. These findings identified ferroptosis as one of the mechanisms that leads to TNBS-induced cell death and offer mechanistic insights relevant to using stem cell therapy for the treatment of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenyu Gou
- Medical University of South Carolina
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2
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Burzyński J, Fichna J, Tarasiuk A. Putative molecular targets for vitamin A in neutralizing oxidative stress in acute and chronic pancreatitis - a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02442-4. [PMID: 36843131 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are debilitating diseases of gastrointestinal tract and constitute great threat for human health in high-income countries. Recent studies emphasize the impact of oxidative stress on development of these pathologies, and numerous authors evaluate the effect of the antioxidant therapy on the course of AP and CP. Though several antioxidative agents were discovered in the past decades, vitamins remain canonical antioxidants. Despite the fact that vitamin A is known for its antioxidative effect, there is little data about the impact of vitamin A on oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AP and CP. The scope of the review is to evaluate molecular targets for vitamin A, which may be involved in oxidative stress occurring in the course of AP and CP. Our research of available literature revealed that several mechanisms are responsible for attenuation of oxidative stress in AP and CP, including Nrf2, MAPK, AMPK, TLR3, and TLR4. Furthermore, these factors are at least partially expressed in vitamin A-dependent manner, though further investigations are required for elucidating in detail the role of vitamin A in defense against reactive oxygen species. Our review revealed that vitamin A might influence the expression of several molecular pathways involved in antioxidative defense and cytoprotection; thus, its administration during AP and CP may change the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Burzyński
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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3
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Jiang W, Jin L, Ju D, Lu Z, Wang C, Guo X, Zhao H, Shen S, Cheng Z, Shen J, Zong G, Chen J, Li K, Yang L, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Shen JZ, Zhang EE, Wan R. The pancreatic clock is a key determinant of pancreatic fibrosis progression and exocrine dysfunction. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn3586. [PMID: 36170444 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by progressive fibrosis and exocrine dysregulation, which have long been considered irreversible. As a peripheral oscillator, the pancreas harbors autonomous and self-sustained timekeeping systems in both its endocrine and exocrine compartments, although the role of the latter remains poorly understood. By using different models of CP established in mice with dysfunctional pancreatic clocks, we found that the local clock played an important role in CP pathology, and genetic or external disruption of the pancreatic clock exacerbated fibrogenesis and exocrine insufficiency. Mechanistically, an impaired retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor A (Rora)/nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (Nr1d1)/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (Arntl or Bmal1) loop, called the circadian stabilizing loop, resulted in the deficiency of pancreatic Bmal1, which was responsible for controlling the fibrogenic properties of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and for rewiring the function of acinar cells in a clock-TGF signaling-IL-11/IL-11RA axis-dependent manner. During PSC activation, the antagonistic interaction between Nr1d1 and Rora was unbalanced in response to the loss of cytoplasmic retinoid-containing lipid droplets. Patients with CP also exhibited reduced production of endogenous melatonin. Enhancing the clock through pharmacological restoration of the circadian stabilizing loop using a combination of melatonin and the Rora agonist SR1078 attenuated intrapancreatic pathological changes in mouse models of CP. Collectively, this study identified a protective role of the pancreatic clock against pancreatic fibrosis and exocrine dysfunction. Pancreatic clock-targeted therapy may represent a potential strategy to treat CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Linzi Jin
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Dapeng Ju
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401336, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chuanyang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xingya Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haijiao Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shien Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guanzhao Zong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jia Z Shen
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
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Oral l-Cysteine Supplementation Enhances the Long Term-Effect of Topical Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) in Reducing the Corneal Haze after Photorefractive Keratectomy in Myopic Patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13040067. [PMID: 32326563 PMCID: PMC7243117 DOI: 10.3390/ph13040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed at evaluating the long-term effects of l-cysteine oral supplementation to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) eye-drops on corneal re-epithelization and transparency in myopic patients subjected to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Forty patients subjected to bilateral PRK for myopia were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups receiving an additional therapy together with the standard postoperative treatment consisting in local tobramycin 0.3%, dexamethasone 0.1%, diclofenac 0.1%, and 0.2% hyaluronate. Group 1 included 20 patients (11 males and 9 females; 34.09 ± 8 years of age) receiving only bFGF eye-drops (10 μg/10 μL) four times a day for 7 days starting from the day of surgery; Group 2 included 20 patients (12 males and 8 females; 37.35 ± 11.5 years of age) who were postoperatively administered with topical basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 10 μg/10 μL) four times a day for 7 days plus oral l-cysteine supplementation (500 mg/capsule) once a day for 15 days, starting 7 days before PRK. Patients were followed-up for 12 months. Clinical ophthalmologic parameters were recorded for all the 80 examined eyes. The corneal transparency was evaluated in vivo by slit lamp and confocal microscopy. The data showed that: (a) the corneal haze occurred in a smaller percentage of the patients who were postoperatively administered with topical bFGF plus oral l-cysteine supplementation (Group 2) compared to patients who received only bFGF (Group 1); (b) at 6 months of follow-up, the stromal mean image brightness of the patients belonging to Group 2 was significantly lower than that of the Group 1 (p < 0.03), and, interestingly, the difference was even more evident at 12 month from the treatment (p < 0.001). Moreover, the final mean of the spherical equivalent refraction was −0.06 ± 0.2 D in Group 1 and −0.08 ± 0.3 D in Group 2, whereas the final uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was equal or superior to 20/25 in 100% of eyes in both Group 1 and 2. Post refractive patients can benefit from the administration of l-cysteine before the surgery and in association with bFGF in the early postoperative period, showing a faster corneal re-epithelization able to prevent corneal haze in the long-term recovery.
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Choi JW, Lee SK, Kim MJ, Kim DG, Shin JY, Zhou Z, Jo IJ, Song HJ, Bae GS, Park SJ. Piperine ameliorates the severity of fibrosis via inhibition of TGF‑β/SMAD signaling in a mouse model of chronic pancreatitis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3709-3718. [PMID: 31485676 PMCID: PMC6755249 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by recurrent pancreatic injury, resulting in inflammation and fibrosis. Currently, there are no drugs for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis associated with CP. Piperine, a natural alkaloid found in black pepper, has been reported to show anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and antitumor activities. Although piperine exhibits numerous properties in regards to the regulation of diverse diseases, the effects of piperine on CP have not been established. To investigate the effects of piperine on CP in vivo, we induced CP in mice through the repetitive administration of cerulein (50 µg/kg) six times at 1-h intervals, 5 times per week, for a total of 3 weeks. In the pre-treatment groups, piperine (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or corn oil were administrated orally at 1 h before the first cerulein injection, once a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 3 weeks. In the post-treatment groups, piperine (10 mg/kg) or corn oil was administered orally at 1 or 2 week after the first cerulein injection. Pancreases were collected for histological analysis. In addition, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were isolated to examine the anti-fibrogenic effects and regulatory mechanisms of piperine. Piperine treatment significantly inhibited histological damage in the pancreas, increased the pancreatic acinar cell survival, reduced collagen deposition and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, piperine treatment reduced the expression of fibrotic mediators, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen, and fibronectin 1 in the pancreas and PSCs. Moreover, piperine treatment reduced the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the pancreas and PSCs. Furthermore, piperine treatment inhibited TGF-β-induced pSMAD2/3 activation but not pSMAD1/5 in the PSCs. These findings suggest that piperine treatment ameliorates pancreatic fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling during CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Choi
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kon Lee
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Kim
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yeon Shin
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Jo
- Division of Beauty Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Song
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to assess the effect and possible mechanism of luteolin on chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced CP was used as CP models in vivo. After the intervention of luteolin for 28 days, chronic pancreatic injury was assessed by serum hydroxyproline and pancreatic histology. α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was performed to detect the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Pancreatic stellate cells were also isolated and cultured in vitro, and the effect of luteolin on PSCs was evaluated. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) signaling and its regulated mRNA expression was tested by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS The protective role of luteolin on CP was confirmed by increased pancreas/body weight ratio, decreased pancreas hydroxyproline level, and reduced fibrosis. α-SMA expressions in PSCs were significantly decreased both in vitro and in vivo after the management of luteolin. Pancreas TGF-β1 expression was significantly decreased by luteolin. Luteolin inhibited the proliferation and activation of PSCs in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Luteolin played a protective role in CP in many aspects, partly by regulating release of inflammatory cytokines through TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Hamada S, Taguchi K, Masamune A, Yamamoto M, Shimosegawa T. Nrf2 promotes mutant K-ras/p53-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:661-670. [PMID: 29240881 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 system contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis by regulating oxidative stress responses in normal tissues and organs, and is exploited in various cancers for proliferation, survival and acquisition of therapy resistance. Pancreatic cancer remains one of the intractable cancers, despite the improved clinical outcomes of other types of cancer, due to its invasive and refractory nature to therapeutic intervention. The current study aimed to clarify the contribution of Nrf2 to pancreatic carcinogenesis using a pancreas-specific mutant K-ras and p53 (KPC) mouse model. Deletion of Nrf2 in KPC mice (KPCN) decreased the formation of precancerous lesions as well as the development of invasive pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic tumor-derived cancer cell lines from KPCN mouse showed decreased expression of glutathione S-transferases (GST), UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) and ABC transporters. Along with these biochemical changes, cell lines from KPCN mice revealed increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and chemotherapeutic agent. The current study revealed that Nrf2 contributes to pancreatic carcinogenesis in a way distinct from the chemoresistance of lung and esophagus, and that Nrf2 could be a novel therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
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Bynigeri RR, Jakkampudi A, Jangala R, Subramanyam C, Sasikala M, Rao GV, Reddy DN, Talukdar R. Pancreatic stellate cell: Pandora's box for pancreatic disease biology. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:382-405. [PMID: 28210075 PMCID: PMC5291844 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i3.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were identified in the early 1980s, but received much attention after 1998 when the methods to isolate and culture them from murine and human sources were developed. PSCs contribute to a small proportion of all pancreatic cells under physiological condition, but are essential for maintaining the normal pancreatic architecture. Quiescent PSCs are characterized by the presence of vitamin A laden lipid droplets. Upon PSC activation, these perinuclear lipid droplets disappear from the cytosol, attain a myofibroblast like phenotype and expresses the activation marker, alpha smooth muscle actin. PSCs maintain their activated phenotype via an autocrine loop involving different cytokines and contribute to progressive fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several pathways (e.g., JAK-STAT, Smad, Wnt signaling, Hedgehog etc.), transcription factors and miRNAs have been implicated in the inflammatory and profibrogenic function of PSCs. The role of PSCs goes much beyond fibrosis/desmoplasia in PDAC. It is now shown that PSCs are involved in significant crosstalk between the pancreatic cancer cells and the cancer stroma. These interactions result in tumour progression, metastasis, tumour hypoxia, immune evasion and drug resistance. This is the rationale for therapeutic preclinical and clinical trials that have targeted PSCs and the cancer stroma.
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Song ZH, Tong G, Xiao K, Jiao LF, Ke YL, Hu CH. L-cysteine protects intestinal integrity, attenuates intestinal inflammation and oxidant stress, and modulates NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways in weaned piglets after LPS challenge. Innate Immun 2016; 22:152-61. [PMID: 26921254 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916632303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated whetherL-cysteine (L-cys) could alleviate LPS-induced intestinal disruption and its underlying mechanism. Piglets fed with anL-cys-supplemented diet had higher average daily gain.L-cys alleviated LPS-induced structural and functional disruption of intestine in weanling piglets, as demonstrated by higher villus height, villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) ratio, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and lower FITC-dextran 4 (FD4) kDa flux in jejunum and ileum. Supplementation withL-cys up-regulated occludin and claudin-1 expression, reduced caspase-3 activity and enhanced proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression of jejunum and ileum relative to LPS group. Additionally,L-cys suppressed the LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, as demonstrated by down-regulated TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels, increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione (GSH) contents and the ratio of GSH and oxidized glutathione in jejunum and ileum. Finally, a diet supplemented withL-cys inhibited NF-κB(p65) nuclear translocation and elevated NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation compared with the LPS group. Collectively, our results indicated the protective function ofL-cys on intestinal mucosa barrier may closely associated with its anti-inflammation, antioxidant and regulating effect on the NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze he Song
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guo Tong
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing City, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Le fei Jiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya lu Ke
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cai hong Hu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Xiao W, Jiang W, Shen J, Yin G, Fan Y, Wu D, Qiu L, Yu G, Xing M, Hu G, Wang X, Wan R. Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Pancreatic Fibrosis and Inhibits the Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Mice with Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis via Suppressing the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141462. [PMID: 26556479 PMCID: PMC4640570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis, a prominent feature of chronic pancreatitis (CP), induces persistent and permanent damage in the pancreas. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) provide a major source of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during pancreatic injury, and persistent activation of PSCs plays a vital role in the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. Retinoic acid (RA), a retinoid, has a broad range of biological functions, including regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, attenuating progressive fibrosis of multiple organs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of RA on fibrosis in experimental CP and cultured PSCs. CP was induced in mice by repetitive cerulein injection in vivo, and mouse PSCs were isolated and activated in vitro. Suppression of pancreatic fibrosis upon administration of RA was confirmed based on reduction of histological damage, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and mRNA levels of β-catenin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-Rβ transforming growth factor (TGF)-βRII and collagen 1α1 in vivo. Wnt 2 and β-catenin protein levels were markedly down-regulated, while Axin 2 expression level was up-regulated in the presence of RA, both in vivo and in vitro. Nuclear translation of β-catenin was significantly decreased following RA treatment, compared with cerulein-induced CP in mice and activated PSCs. Furthermore, RA induced significant PSC apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, suppressed TCF/LEF-dependent transcriptional activity and ECM production of PSC via down-regulation of TGFβRII, PDGFRβ and collagen 1α1 in vitro. These results indicate a critical role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in RA-induced effects on CP and PSC regulation and support the potential of RA as a suppressor of pancreatic fibrosis in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/biosynthesis
- Actins/genetics
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Axin Protein/biosynthesis
- Axin Protein/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Ceruletide/toxicity
- Collagen Type I/biosynthesis
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Fibrosis/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Lipase/blood
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Pancreatic alpha-Amylases/blood
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/drug therapy
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/pathology
- Proteoglycans/biosynthesis
- Proteoglycans/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Random Allocation
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojian Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deqing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Hayes AJ, Skouras C, Haugk B, Charnley RM. Keap1-Nrf2 signalling in pancreatic cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:288-99. [PMID: 26117456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2, also called Nfe2l2), a master regulator of redox homeostasis, and its dominant negative regulator, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), together tightly control the expression of numerous detoxifying and antioxidant genes. Nrf2 and the 'antioxidant response element' (ARE)-driven genes it controls are frequently upregulated in pancreatic cancer and correlate with poor survival. Upregulation of Nrf2 is, at least in part, K-Ras oncogene-driven and contributes to pancreatic cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of Keap1-Nrf2 signalling as it relates to pancreatic cancer, discussing the effects of inhibiting Nrf2 or Nrf2/ARE effector proteins to increase chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Hayes
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Centre, Room C2.18, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Christos Skouras
- School of Clinical Surgery, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Room SU 305, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4SB, United Kingdom.
| | - Beate Haugk
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, England NE1 4LP, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard M Charnley
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne, England NE7 7DN, United Kingdom.
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Hu Y, Wan R, Yu G, Shen J, Ni J, Yin G, Xing M, Chen C, Fan Y, Xiao W, Xu G, Wang X, Hu G. Imbalance of Wnt/Dkk negative feedback promotes persistent activation of pancreatic stellate cells in chronic pancreatitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95145. [PMID: 24747916 PMCID: PMC3991593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of persistent activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in the fibrosis associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP) is increasingly being recognized. Recent studies have shown that Wnt signaling is involved in the development of fibrosis in multiple organs, however, the role of specific Wnts in pancreatic fibrosis remains unknown. We investigated the role of Wnt signaling during PSC activation in CP and the effect of β-catenin inhibition and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1) restoration on the phenotype of PSCs. CP was induced in mice by repetitive caerulein injection and mouse PSCs were isolated and activated in vitro. The expression of Wnts, β-catenin, secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) and Dkks was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway was examined by immunofluorescence and western blot detection of nuclear β-catenin expression. The effect of recombinant mouse Dkk-1 (rmDkk-1) on cell proliferation and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis. The expression of β-catenin, collagen1α1, TGFβRII, PDGFRβ and α-SMA in PSCs treated with different concentrations of rmDkk-1 or siRNA against β-catenin was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Wnt2 was the only Wnt whose expression was significantly upregulated in response to PSC activation, and Wnt2 and β-catenin protein levels were significantly increased in the pancreas of CP mice, whereas Dkk-1 expression was evidently decreased. Nuclear β-catenin levels were markedly increased in activated PSCs, and rmDkk-1 suppressed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the proliferation and extracellular matrix production of PSCs through the downregulation of PDGFRβ and TGFβRII. Upregulation of Dkk-1 expression increased apoptosis in cultured PSCs. These results indicate that Wnt signaling may mediate the profibrotic effect of PSC activation, and Wnt2/Dkk-1 could be potential therapeutic targets for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojian Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GH); (XW)
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GH); (XW)
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13
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Gong J, Wang Y, Jiang R, Zhang G, Tian F. The naïve effector cells of collagen type I during acute experimental pancreatitis are acinar cells and not pancreatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:528-32. [PMID: 24036265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of collagen type I and the mRNA level of its regulatory factor, TGF-β1, in tissue samples of acute pancreatitis and to determine the significance of collagen type I in predisposition to pancreatic fibrosis during acute pancreatitis. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an experimental group (30 rats) and a control group (12 rats). The rats in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with cerulein to induce acute pancreatitis. The distribution and expression of collagen type I in the pancreatic tissues were examined by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA level of TGF-β1 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS (1) Collagen type I was localized in the cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells. With pancreatitis progressed, strong positive staining for collagen type I covered whole pancreatic lobules, whereas, the islet tissue, interlobular area, and pancreatic necrotic area were negative for collagen type I. (2) The level of TGF-β1 mRNA in rats from the experimental group increased gradually the establishment of acute pancreatitis, and was significantly higher than that in the control group at every time point. CONCLUSIONS (1) During acute pancreatitis, pancreatic acinar cells, not pancreatic stellate cells as traditionally believed, were the naïve effector cells of collagen type I. (2) TGF-β1 played a key role in regulating collagen I expression during acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaQing Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Chengdu Command, Chengdu 610083, Sicuan Province, China.
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Shi Y, Liang XC, Zhang H, Wu QL, Qu L, Sun Q. Quercetin protects rat dorsal root ganglion neurons against high glucose-induced injury in vitro through Nrf-2/HO-1 activation and NF-κB inhibition. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1140-8. [PMID: 23770986 PMCID: PMC4003159 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the effects of quercetin, a natural antioxidant, on high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis of cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats. METHODS DRG neurons exposed to HG (45 mmol/L) for 24 h were employed as an in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptosis were determined. The expression of NF-кB, IкBα, phosphorylated IкBα and Nrf2 was examined using RT PCR and Western blot assay. The expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, and caspase-3 were also examined. RESULTS HG treatment markedly increased DRG neuron apoptosis via increasing intracellular ROS level and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Co-treatment with quercetin (2.5, 5, and 10 mmol/L) dose-dependently decreased HG-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Quercetin could directly scavenge ROS and significantly increased the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1 in DRG neurons. Quercetin also dose-dependently inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway and suppressed the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Quercetin protects rat DRG neurons against HG-induced injury in vitro through Nrf-2/HO-1 activation and NF-κB inhibition, thus may be beneficial for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-chun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- E-mail
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qun-li Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ling Qu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Yang LJ, Wan R, Shen JQ, Shen J, Wang XP. Effect of L-cysteine on remote organ injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis induced by bile-pancreatic duct obstruction. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2013; 12:428-35. [PMID: 23924502 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(13)60067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote organ failure occurs in cases of acute pancreatitis (AP); however, the reports on AP induced by pancreatic duct obstruction are rare. In this study we determined the effect of L-cysteine on pancreaticobiliary inflammation and remote organ damage in rats after pancreaticobiliary duct ligation (PBDL). METHODS AP was induced by PBDL in rats with 5/0 silk. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Groups A and B were sham-operated groups that received injections of saline or L-cysteine (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (15 rats in each group). Groups C and D were PBDL groups that received injections of saline or L-cysteine (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (15 rats in each group). The tissue samples of the pancreas and remote organs such as the lung, liver, intestine and kidney were subsequently examined for pathological changes under a light microscope. The samples were also stored for the determination of malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma amylase, ALT and AST levels were determined spectrophotometrically using an automated analyzer. Also, we evaluated the effect of L-cysteine on remote organ injury in rats with AP induced by retrograde infusion of 3.5% sodium taurocholate (NaTc) into the bile-pancreatic duct. RESULTS Varying degrees of injury in the pancreas, lung, liver, intestine and kidney were observed in the rats 24 hours after PBDL. The severity of injury to the lung, liver and intestine was attenuated, while injury status was not changed significantly in the pancreas and kidney after L-cysteine treatment. Oxidative stress was also affected by L-cysteine in PBDL-treated rats. The concentration of tissue malondialdehyde decreased in the pancreas and remote organs of PBDL and L-cysteine administrated rats, and the concentration of glutathione increased more significantly than that of the model control group. However, L-cysteine administration reduced the severity of injury in remote organs but not in the pancreas in rats with NaTc-induced AP. CONCLUSION L-cysteine treatment attenuated multiple organ damage at an early stage of AP in rats and modulated the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:731932. [PMID: 23983797 PMCID: PMC3745843 DOI: 10.1155/2013/731932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). As an ideal exterminator of poisonous free radicals, hydrogen can clearly reduce the degree of oxidative damage caused by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and lessen the presence of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of hydrogen-rich saline on SAP in rats. Serum TNF- α , IL-6, and IL-18 and histopathological score in the pancreas were reduced after hydrogen-rich saline treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents were obviously reduced, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) contents were increased after hydrogen-rich saline treatment. The expression of mRNA of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the pancreas was reduced in hydrogen-rich saline treated group. In conclusion, intravenous hydrogen-rich saline injections could attenuate the severity of AP, probably via inhibiting the oxidative stress and reducing the presence of inflammatory mediators.
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Cattaruzza F, Johnson C, Leggit A, Grady E, Schenk AK, Cevikbas F, Cedron W, Bondada S, Kirkwood R, Malone B, Steinhoff M, Bunnett N, Kirkwood KS. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 mediates chronic pancreatitis pain in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G1002-12. [PMID: 23558009 PMCID: PMC3680686 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00005.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a devastating disease characterized by persistent and uncontrolled abdominal pain. Our lack of understanding is partially due to the lack of experimental models that mimic the human disease and also to the lack of validated behavioral measures of visceral pain. The ligand-gated cation channel transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) mediates inflammation and pain in early experimental pancreatitis. It is unknown if TRPA1 causes fibrosis and sustained pancreatic pain. We induced CP by injecting the chemical agent trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), which causes severe acute pancreatitis, into the pancreatic duct of C57BL/6 trpa1(+/+) and trpa1(-/-) mice. Chronic inflammatory changes and pain behaviors were assessed after 2-3 wk. TNBS injection caused marked pancreatic fibrosis with increased collagen-staining intensity, atrophy, fatty replacement, monocyte infiltration, and pancreatic stellate cell activation, and these changes were reflected by increased histological damage scores. TNBS-injected animals showed mechanical hypersensitivity during von Frey filament probing of the abdomen, decreased daily voluntary wheel-running activity, and increased immobility scores during open-field testing. Pancreatic TNBS also reduced the threshold to hindpaw withdrawal to von Frey filament probing, suggesting central sensitization. Inflammatory changes and pain indexes were significantly reduced in trpa1(-/-) mice. In conclusion, we have characterized in mice a model of CP that resembles the human condition, with marked histological changes and behavioral measures of pain. We have demonstrated, using novel and objective pain measurements, that TRPA1 mediates inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity in CP and could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of sustained inflammatory abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiore Cattaruzza
- 1Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - Cali Johnson
- 1Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - Alan Leggit
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - Eileen Grady
- 1Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - A. Katrin Schenk
- 5Department of Physics, Randolph College, Lynchburg, Virginia; and
| | - Ferda Cevikbas
- 3Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - Wendy Cedron
- 3Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - Sandhya Bondada
- 1Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - Rebekah Kirkwood
- 1Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - Brian Malone
- 4Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- 1Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; ,3Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | - Nigel Bunnett
- 6Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Bai H, Chen X, Zhang L, Dou X. The effect of sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic pancreatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:115. [PMID: 22920325 PMCID: PMC3503779 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by progressive fibrosis, pain and loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. The long-standing chronic pancreatitis and its associated pancreatic fibrosis are the most common pathogenic events involved in human pancreatic carcinogenesis, but the therapeutic strategies to chronic pancreatitis and the chemoprevention of pancreatic carcinogenesis are very limited. METHODS We investigated the effect of sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on inhibition of chronic pancreatitis in a caerulein induced chronic pancreatitis mouse model. RESULTS Sulindac significantly reduced the severity of chronic pancreatitis including the extent of acini loss, inflammatory cell infiltration and stromal fibrosis. The protein expression of phosphorylation of MEK/ERK was inhibited in the chronic pancreatic tissues by sulindac treatment as measured by Western blot assay. The levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and MCP-1 were also significantly decreased with sulindac treatment, as well as the expression of TGF-β, PDGF-β, SHH and Gli in the chronic pancreatic tissue detected by qPCR assay and confirmed by western blot assay. The activation of pancreatic satellet cells was also inhibited by sulindac as measured by the activity of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the pancreatic tissue of chronic pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS Sulindac is a promising reagent for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis via inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and stromal fibrosis, the inhibitory effect of sulindac on chronic pancreatitis may through targeting the activation ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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