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Díaz C, Lomonte B, Chang-Castillo A, Bonilla F, Alfaro-Chinchilla A, Triana F, Angulo D, Fernández J, Sasa M. Venomics of Scorpion Ananteris platnicki (Lourenço, 1993), a New World Buthid That Inhabits Costa Rica and Panama. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:327. [PMID: 39195737 PMCID: PMC11360313 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16080327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ananteris is a scorpion genus that inhabits dry and seasonal areas of South and Central America. It is located in a distinctive morpho-group of Buthids, the 'Ananteris group', which also includes species distributed in the Old World. Because of the lack of information on venom composition, the study of Ananteris species could have biological and medical relevance. We conducted a venomics analysis of Ananteris platnicki, a tiny scorpion that inhabits Panama and Costa Rica, which shows the presence of putative toxins targeting ion channels, as well as proteins with similarity to hyaluronidases, proteinases, phospholipases A2, members of the CAP-domain family, and hemocyanins, among others. Venom proteolytic and hyaluronidase activities were corroborated. The determination of the primary sequences carried out by mass spectrometry evidences that several peptides are similar to the toxins present in venoms from Old World scorpion genera such as Mesobuthus, Lychas, and Isometrus, but others present in Tityus and Centruroides toxins. Even when this venom displays the characteristic protein families found in all Buthids, with a predominance of putative Na+-channel toxins and proteinases, some identified partial sequences are not common in venoms of the New World species, suggesting its differentiation into a distinctive group separated from other Buthids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Díaz
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (B.L.); (A.C.-C.); (F.B.); (A.A.-C.); (F.T.); (D.A.); (J.F.); (M.S.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (B.L.); (A.C.-C.); (F.B.); (A.A.-C.); (F.T.); (D.A.); (J.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Arturo Chang-Castillo
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (B.L.); (A.C.-C.); (F.B.); (A.A.-C.); (F.T.); (D.A.); (J.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Fabián Bonilla
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (B.L.); (A.C.-C.); (F.B.); (A.A.-C.); (F.T.); (D.A.); (J.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Adriana Alfaro-Chinchilla
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (B.L.); (A.C.-C.); (F.B.); (A.A.-C.); (F.T.); (D.A.); (J.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Felipe Triana
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (B.L.); (A.C.-C.); (F.B.); (A.A.-C.); (F.T.); (D.A.); (J.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Diego Angulo
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (B.L.); (A.C.-C.); (F.B.); (A.A.-C.); (F.T.); (D.A.); (J.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Julián Fernández
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (B.L.); (A.C.-C.); (F.B.); (A.A.-C.); (F.T.); (D.A.); (J.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Mahmood Sasa
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (B.L.); (A.C.-C.); (F.B.); (A.A.-C.); (F.T.); (D.A.); (J.F.); (M.S.)
- Museo de Zoología, Centro de investigación de Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
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Sharma E, Vitte J. A systematic review of allergen cross-reactivity: Translating basic concepts into clinical relevance. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100230. [PMID: 38524786 PMCID: PMC10959674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Access to the molecular culprits of allergic reactions allows for the leveraging of molecular allergology as a new precision medicine approach-one built on interdisciplinary, basic, and clinical knowledge. Molecular allergology relies on the use of allergen molecules as in vitro tools for the diagnosis and management of allergic patients. It complements the conventional approach based on skin and in vitro allergen extract testing. Major applications of molecular allergology comprise accurate identification of the offending allergen thanks to discrimination between genuine sensitization and allergen cross-reactivity, evaluation of potential severity, patient-tailored choice of the adequate allergen immunotherapy, and prediction of its expected efficacy and safety. Allergen cross-reactivity, defined as the recognition of 2 or more allergen molecules by antibodies or T cells of the same specificity, frequently interferes with allergen extract testing. At the mechanistic level, allergen cross-reactivity depends on the allergen, the host's immune response, and the context of their interaction. The multiplicity of allergen molecules and families adds further difficulty. Understanding allergen cross-reactivity at the immunologic level and translating it into a daily tool for the management of allergic patients is further complicated by the ever-increasing number of characterized allergenic molecules, the lack of dedicated resources, and the need for a personalized, patient-centered approach. Conversely, knowledge sharing paves the way for improved clinical use, innovative diagnostic tools, and further interdisciplinary research. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive and unbiased state-of-the art systematic review on allergen cross-reactivity. To optimize learning, we enhanced the review with basic, translational, and clinical definitions, clinical vignettes, and an overview of online allergen databases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Vitte
- Aix-Marseille University, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IDESP), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250 P3CELL and University Hospital of Reims, Immunology Laboratory, Reims, France
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3
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Zhang Q, Xu J, Zhou X, Liu Z. CAP superfamily proteins from venomous animals: Who we are and what to do? Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:691-702. [PMID: 36099994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), antigen 5 (Ag5), and pathogenesis-related (PR-1) superfamily proteins (CAP superfamily proteins) are found in diverse species across the bacterial, fungal, plant, mammalian, and venomous animal kingdoms. Notably, CAP proteins are found in a remarkable range of species across the venomous animal kingdom and are present almost ubiquitously in venoms, even when venoms are produced in very small quantities. Meanwhile, in comparison to mammals, venomous animals are underappreciated and easy to ignore. Overwhelming evidence suggests that CAP proteins derived from venomous animals exhibit diverse activities, including ion channel, inflammatory, proteolysis, and immune regulatory activities. To understand the potential biological functions of CAP proteins in venom more effectively, we need to examine the significance of the evolution of venomous animals in the animal kingdom, for their survival. In this article, we will review the current status of research on CAP proteins in venomous animals, including their isolation, characterization, known biological activities, and sequence alignments. We will also discuss the rapid evolution of CAP proteins with varied subtypes in venomous animals. A treasure trove of information can be obtained by studying the CAP proteins in venomous animals; hence, it is necessary to explore these proteins further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and small molecule drug R&D plateform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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Bioactive Peptides and Proteins from Wasp Venoms. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040527. [PMID: 35454116 PMCID: PMC9025469 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wasps, members of the order Hymenoptera, use their venom for predation and defense. Accordingly, their venoms contain various constituents acting on the circulatory, immune and nervous systems. Wasp venom possesses many allergens, enzymes, bioactive peptides, amino acids, biogenic amines, and volatile matters. In particular, some peptides show potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anticoagulant activity. Additionally, proteinous components from wasp venoms can cause tissue damage or allergic reactions in organisms. These bioactive peptides and proteins involved in wasp predation and defense may be potential sources of lead pharmaceutically active molecules. In this review, we focus on the advances in bioactive peptides and protein from the venom of wasps and their biological effects, as well as the allergic reactions and immunotherapy induced by the wasp venom.
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Wangorsch A, Scheurer S, Blanca M, Blanca-Lopez N, Somoza ML, Martín-Pedraza L. Allergenic Properties and Molecular Characteristics of PR-1 Proteins. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:824717. [PMID: 35386656 PMCID: PMC8974740 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.824717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a small fraction of proteins in plants and animals are classified as allergens. The allergenic properties are frequently attributed to certain functional characteristics of the proteins, such as a role in the plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress, to achieve the systematic acquired resistance. In line with this, eight members out of 17 functional pathogenesis-related (PR) protein families have been characterized as allergens. The present review summarizes the molecular features and allergenic significance of allergens of the PR-1 family. Not many allergens have been identified as belonging to this protein family, with most of them having a pollen origin, like mugwort or Bermuda grass. Molecular and structural features of allergenic PR-1 proteins are discussed and attributed to their IgE-reactive properties, clinical manifestation, and cross-reactivity among different foods and inhalants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Blanca
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Martín-Pedraza
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Laura Martín-Pedraza
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Rungsa P, Peigneur S, Jangpromma N, Klaynongsruang S, Tytgat J, Daduang S. In Silico and In Vitro Structure-Activity Relationship of Mastoparan and Its Analogs. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020561. [PMID: 35056876 PMCID: PMC8779355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an important class of therapeutic agent used against a wide range of pathogens such as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mastoparan (MpVT) is an α-helix and amphipathic tetradecapeptide obtained from Vespa tropica venom. This peptide exhibits antibacterial activity. In this work, we investigate the effect of amino acid substitutions and deletion of the first three C-terminal residues on the structure–activity relationship. In this in silico study, the predicted structure of MpVT and its analog have characteristic features of linear cationic peptides rich in hydrophobic and basic amino acids without disulfide bonds. The secondary structure and the biological activity of six designed analogs are studied. The biological activity assays show that the substitution of phenylalanine (MpVT1) results in a higher antibacterial activity than that of MpVT without increasing toxicity. The analogs with the first three deleted C-terminal residues showed decreased antibacterial and hemolytic activity. The CD (circular dichroism) spectra of these peptides show a high content α-helical conformation in the presence of 40% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). In conclusion, the first three C-terminal deletions reduced the length of the α-helix, explaining the decreased biological activity. MpVTs show that the hemolytic activity of mastoparan is correlated to mean hydrophobicity and mean hydrophobic moment. The position and spatial arrangement of specific hydrophobic residues on the non-polar face of α-helical AMPs may be crucial for the interaction of AMPs with cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapenpuksiri Rungsa
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.)
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), O&N 2, P.O. Box 922, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Nisachon Jangpromma
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), O&N 2, P.O. Box 922, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.)
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (S.D.)
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Wu YH, Zhang Y, Fang DQ, Chen J, Wang JA, Jiang L, Lv ZF. Characterization of the Composition and Biological Activity of the Venom from Vespa bicolor Fabricius, a Wasp from South China. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010059. [PMID: 35051036 PMCID: PMC8777732 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed, for the first time, the major components and biological properties of the venom of Vespa bicolor, a wasp from South China. Using HPLC and SDS-PAGE, combined with LC–MS/MS, MALDI-TOF-MS, and NMR data to analyze V. bicolor venom (VBV), we found that VBV contains three proteins (hyaluronidase A, phospholipase A1 (two isoforms), and antigen 5 protein) with allergenic activity, two unreported proteins (proteins 5 and 6), and two active substances with large quantities (mastoparan-like peptide 12a (Vb-MLP 12a), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)). In addition, the antimicrobial activity of VBV was determined, and results showed that it had a significant effect against anaerobic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration for Propionibacterium acnes were 12.5 µg/mL. Unsurprisingly, VBV had strong antioxidant activity because of the abundance of 5-HT. Contrary to other Vespa venom, VBV showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, even at low concentrations (1 µg/mL), and we found that Vb-MLP 12a showed pro-inflammatory activity by promoting the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells. Cytotoxicity studies showed that VBV had similar antiproliferative effects against all tested tumor cell lines (HepG2, Hela, MCF-7, A549, and SASJ-1), with HepG2 being the most susceptible. Overall, this study on VBV has high clinical importance and promotes the development of Vespa bicolor resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.-H.W.); (D.-Q.F.)
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
- Production and Research Base for Wasp Deinsectization, Guangdong Huxin Biotech Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangmen 529245, China;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Dan-Qiao Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.-H.W.); (D.-Q.F.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jing-An Wang
- Production and Research Base for Wasp Deinsectization, Guangdong Huxin Biotech Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangmen 529245, China;
| | - Lin Jiang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (Z.-F.L.)
| | - Zhu-Fen Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.-H.W.); (D.-Q.F.)
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (Z.-F.L.)
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Feng X, Xu B, Huang Y. The complete mitochondrial genome of a medical important wasp, Vespa magnifica (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:93-95. [PMID: 34993323 PMCID: PMC8725949 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1981163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vespa magnifica (Smith) is an aggressive social wasp species of Vespidae family. This species is of medical importance for its dangerous sting, traditional medicinal use and valuable venom components. Here, a complete mitogenome of V. magnifica was presented. It was 16,730 bp in length with nucleotide composition of AT: 79.4% and CG: 20.6%. In total, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA, and two ribosomal RNA genes were annotated in this mitogenome. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using V. magnifica with 20 other species of Vespidae. The result indicated those species of genus Vespa fell into a paraphyletic group. Moreover, the Vespa species with large body size were clustered into a clade. This mitogenome resource can contribute to further phylogenetic and taxonomic study on genus Vespa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Feng
- Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Binqiang Xu
- Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Changsha, Changsha, China
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Sindelar M, Jilkova J, Kubala L, Velebny V, Turkova K. Hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases: From humans to bacteriophages. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112095. [PMID: 34507069 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a non-sulfated negatively-charged linear polymer distributed in most parts of the human body, where it is located around cells in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues and plays an essential role in the organization of tissue architecture. Moreover, hyaluronan is involved in many biological processes and used in many clinical, cosmetic, pharmaceutic, and biotechnological applications worldwide. As interest in hyaluronan applications increases, so does interest in hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases, as these enzymes play a major part in hyaluronan degradation. Many hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases produced by eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and bacteriophages have so far been described and annotated, and their ability to cleave hyaluronan has been experimentally proven. These enzymes belong to several carbohydrate-active enzyme families, share very low sequence identity, and differ in their cleaving mechanisms and in their structural and functional properties. This review presents a summary of annotated and characterized hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases isolated from different sources belonging to distinct protein families, with a main focus on the binding and catalytic residues of the discussed enzymes in the context of their biochemical properties. In addition, the application potential of individual groups of hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sindelar
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jilkova
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Velebny
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Turkova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Wasp Venom Biochemical Components and Their Potential in Biological Applications and Nanotechnological Interventions. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030206. [PMID: 33809401 PMCID: PMC8000949 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wasps, members of the order Hymenoptera, are distributed in different parts of the world, including Brazil, Thailand, Japan, Korea, and Argentina. The lifestyles of the wasps are solitary and social. Social wasps use venom as a defensive measure to protect their colonies, whereas solitary wasps use their venom to capture prey. Chemically, wasp venom possesses a wide variety of enzymes, proteins, peptides, volatile compounds, and bioactive constituents, which include phospholipase A2, antigen 5, mastoparan, and decoralin. The bioactive constituents have anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the limited quantities of wasp venom and the scarcity of advanced strategies for the synthesis of wasp venom’s bioactive compounds remain a challenge facing the effective usage of wasp venom. Solid-phase peptide synthesis is currently used to prepare wasp venom peptides and their analogs such as mastoparan, anoplin, decoralin, polybia-CP, and polydim-I. The goal of the current review is to highlight the medicinal value of the wasp venom compounds, as well as limitations and possibilities. Wasp venom could be a potential and novel natural source to develop innovative pharmaceuticals and new agents for drug discovery.
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Herrera C, Leza M, Martínez-López E. Diversity of compounds in Vespa spp. venom and the epidemiology of its sting: a global appraisal. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3609-3627. [PMID: 32700166 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Poisonous animals imply a risk to human life, because their venom is a complex mixture of low molecular weight components, peptides and proteins. Hornets use the venom for self-defence, to repel intruders and to capture prey, but they can cause poisoning and allergic reactions to people. In particular, they seem to be a health problem in the countries where they are native due to their sting, which in the most severe cases can lead to severe or fatal systemic anaphylaxis. But this situation is being an emerging problem for new countries and continents because hornet incursions are increasing in the global change scenario, such as in Europe and America. Furthermore, 55 detailed cases of hornet sting were found in 27 papers during the current review where 36.4% died due to, mainly, a multi-organ failure, where renal failure and liver dysfunction were the most common complications. Moreover, the great taxonomic, ecological diversity, geographical distribution and the wide spectrum of pathophysiological symptoms of hornets have been the focus of new research. Considering this, the present systematic review summarizes the current knowledge about the components of Vespa venom and the epidemiology of its sting to serve as reference for the new research focused on the development of techniques for diagnosis, new drugs and treatments of its sting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayetano Herrera
- Department of Biology (Zoology), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Mar Leza
- Department of Biology (Zoology), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.,Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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12
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Whyte AF, Popescu FD, Carlson J. Tabanidae insect (horsefly and deerfly) allergy in humans: A review of the literature. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:886-893. [PMID: 32512632 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergy to insects of the family Tabanidae (order Diptera), commonly called horseflies or deerflies, is anecdotally common, although the published literature is limited to case reports and small case series. This review summarizes the available literature, in which there is enormous variability in clinical detail, identification of species or even genus, and means and thoroughness of assessment of sensitization. The clinical utility of in vivo and in vitro assays remains unclear. Investigation and management of patients reporting anaphylaxis to suspected bites must therefore be pragmatic, by considering other insects (eg Hymenoptera), provision of a written action plan and self-injectable adrenaline if appropriate, and advice on avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Whyte
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Florin-Dan Popescu
- Department of Allergology, "Nicolae Malaxa" Clinical Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - John Carlson
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Wasp Venom Possesses Potential Therapeutic Effect in Experimental Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6394625. [PMID: 32328136 PMCID: PMC7165351 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6394625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. Wasp venom (WV), which is considered as a traditional folk medicine in Jingpo nationality in Yunnan, China, relieves rheumatoid arthritis. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of wasp venom ameliorating rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in experimental rats. We established a model of type II collagen- (CII-) induced arthritis (CIA) in SD rats and examined the inhibition of inflammation and autoimmune response. The antiarthritic effects of WV were evaluated through the paw swelling, and histopathological score and histopathology changes of the affected paw were assessed. The anti-inflammation effects were assayed by the level of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and the number of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood. The alteration of the T cell subset ratio in the spleen of rats was detected by flow cytometry, and at the same time, the viscera index and immune serum globulin levels were evaluated. The results suggested that various doses of WV (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg) significantly alleviated paw swelling and arthritis score in CIA rats with the untreated control (P < 0.05). WV (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) relieved synovial tissue lesions of ankle joints and histopathology scores of synoviocyte hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration with vehicle group (P < 0.05). Regarding immunological regulation, 0.5 mg/kg WV lowered the immune serum globulin levels (P < 0.05), and we further found that WV (0.5 mg/kg) suppressed the immune response of Th cells, while enhancing the functions of Tc cells and Treg cells in spleen cells markedly (P < 0.05). The immunosuppressive action of WV displayed was analogous to its inhibitory effect on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, COX-2, and PGE2 levels in rat serum. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that WV exhibited antiarthritic activity, which might be associated with their inhibitory effects on immunoregulation and anti-inflammatory action.
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14
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Immunological characterization of the American cockroach allergen Per a 9 expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:322-326. [PMID: 31871421 PMCID: PMC6925565 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.89611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
American cockroach (CR) allergy has been recognized as important IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity. Per a 9 is an arginine kinase, reacting with IgE in sera of all CR allergic Thai patients. Per a 9 gene was cloned and expressed in eukaryotic systems (baculovirus-infected insect cells). The expressed Per a 9 was purified by Nickel column. The antigenicities were analyzed by ELISA, immunoblot analysis and basophile activation test. The results show that 13 out of 16 (81.3%) sera from American CR patients reacted to Per a 9, confirming that Per a 9 is a major allergen of CR. The IgE reactivity of Per a 9 in the sera from American CR patients was increased 8.3-fold in comparison with the sera from healthy controls. Per a 9 at 1.0 μg/ml induced an approximately up to 5.6-fold increase in CD63 and CCR3 double positive cells when incubating with passively sensitized basophils from by sera from American CR patients.
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15
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Gunasekara P, Handunnetti SM, Premawansa S, Kaluarachchi P, Karunatilake C, Ratnayake IP, Dias RKS, Premakumara GAS, Dasanayake WMDK, Seneviratne SL, de Silva R. Diagnosis of Vespa affinis venom allergy: use of immunochemical methods and a passive basophil activation test. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:80. [PMID: 31827544 PMCID: PMC6894289 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergy to Vespa affinis venom is common in the Asia Pacific region. Venom preparations for diagnosis are not commercially available for this species. Methods The prominent allergens in V. affinis venom were identifiedusing immunochemical methods. Use of ImmunoCAP of Vespula vulgaris crude venom/its components and a passive basophil activation test (BAT) in the diagnosis of patients who had anaphylaxis to V. affinis venom (n = 30) were also accessed. The IgE double-positivity rates (positive to both hornet and honeybee) in ImmunoCAP and the passive BAT were determined. Results High IgE reactivity was seen with the five allergens in V. affinis venom; 96% (29/30) for 34 and 24 kDa, 93% (28/30) for 45 kDa and 90% (27/30) reactivity for the 100 and 80 kDa respectively. IgE cross-reactivity was low with ImmunoCAP using V. vulgaris venom (43%; 13/30) and Ves v1 (3%; 1/30), but relatively high with Ves v5 (73%; 22/30). All patients (100%) were positive to V. affinis venom in passive BAT. In ImmunoCAP, a high double-positivity rate (76%; 23/30) was detected while no double-positivity was detected in passive BAT. Conclusions High IgE reactivity for five allergens of V. affinis points to the potential of using these allergens in component resolved diagnosis (CRD). The passive BAT has shown its importance as a promising diagnostic tool with high accuracy. It would be particularly useful in cases with doubtful double-positive results of other diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peshala Gunasekara
- 1Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - S M Handunnetti
- 1Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Sunil Premawansa
- 2Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Pradeep Kaluarachchi
- Healthcare Division, A. Baur & Co. (Pvt.) Ltd., No. 62, Jethawana Road, Colombo 14, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - R K S Dias
- 6Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Sri Lanka
| | - G A S Premakumara
- 7Department of Basic Sciences & Social Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - W M D K Dasanayake
- 4Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Suranjith L Seneviratne
- 8Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London, UK.,9Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Rajiva de Silva
- 4Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
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16
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Díaz C, Rivera J, Lomonte B, Bonilla F, Diego-García E, Camacho E, Tytgat J, Sasa M. Venom characterization of the bark scorpion Centruroides edwardsii (Gervais 1843): Composition, biochemical activities and in vivo toxicity for potential prey. Toxicon 2019; 171:7-19. [PMID: 31585140 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterize the venom of Centruroides edwardsii, one of the most abundant scorpions in urban and rural areas of Costa Rica, in terms of its biochemical constituents and their biological activities. C. edwardsii venom is rich in peptides but also contains some higher molecular weight protein components. No phospholipase A2, hemolytic or fibrinogenolytic activities were found, but the presence of proteolytic and hyaluronidase enzymes was evidenced by zymography. Venom proteomic analysis indicates the presence of a hyaluronidase, several cysteine-rich secretory proteins, metalloproteinases and a peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase like-enzyme. It also includes peptides similar to the K+-channel blocker margatoxin, a dominant toxin in the venom of the related scorpion C. margaritatus. MS and N-terminal sequencing analysis also reveals the presence of Na+-channel-modulating peptides with sequence similarity to orthologs present in other scorpion species of the genera Centruroides and Tityus. We purified the hyaluronidase (which co-eluted with an allergen 5-like CRiSP) and sequenced ~60% of this enzyme. We also sequenced some venom gland transcripts that include other cysteine-containing peptides and a Non-Disulfide Bridged Peptide (NDBP). Our in vivo experiments characterizing the effects on potential predators and prey show that C. edwardsii venom induces paralysis in several species of arthropods and geckos; crickets being the most sensitive and cockroaches and scorpions the most resistant organisms tested. Envenomation signs were also observed in mice, but no lethality was reached by intraperitoneal administration of this venom up to 120 μg/g body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Díaz
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica; Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Jennifer Rivera
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Fabián Bonilla
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Elia Diego-García
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Erika Camacho
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Mahmood Sasa
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica; Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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A Strategy for Quality Control of Vespa magnifica (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162920. [PMID: 31408988 PMCID: PMC6719070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a folk medicine of the Jingpo minority in Yunnan province, the venom of Vespa magnifica has been commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Quality standardization of the wasp venom is a necessary step for its pharmaceutical research and development. To control the quality of the wasp venom, a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for chemical fingerprint analysis. In the chromatographic fingerprinting, chemometrics procedures, including similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), were applied to classify 134 batches (S1–S134) of wasp venom from different origins. The HPLC fingerprint method displayed good precision (Relative standard deviation, RSD < 0.27%), stability (in 16 h, RSD < 0.34%), and repeatability (RSD < 1.00%). Simultaneously, four compounds (VMS1, VMS2, VMS3, and VMS4) in the wasp venom were purified and identified. VMS1 was 5-hydroxytryptamine, and the other compounds were three peptides that were sequenced as follows: Gly–Arg–Pro–Hyp–Gly–Phe–Ser–Pro–Phe–Arg–Ile–Asp–NH2 (VMS2), Ile–Asn–Leu–Lys–Ala–Ile–Ala–Ala–Leu–Ala–Lys–Lys–Leu–Leu–NH2 (VMS3), and Phe–Leu–Pro–Ile–Ile–Gly–Lys–Leu–Leu–Ser–Gly–Leu–Leu–NH2 (VMS4). The quantifications for these components were 110.2 mg/g, 26.9 mg/g, 216.3 mg/g, and 58.0 mg/g, respectively. The results of this work indicated that the combination of the chemical fingerprint and quantitative analysis offers a reasonable way to evaluate the quality of wasp venom.
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Inhibition of Tityus serrulatus venom hyaluronidase affects venom biodistribution. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007048. [PMID: 31002673 PMCID: PMC6493768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hyaluronidase enzyme is generally known as a spreading factor in animal venoms. Although its activity has been demonstrated in several organisms, a deeper knowledge about hyaluronidase and the venom spreading process from the bite/sting site until its elimination from the victim's body is still in need. Herein, we further pursued the goal of demonstrating the effects of inhibition of T. serrulatus venom (TsV) hyaluronidase on venom biodistribution. Methods and principal findings We used technetium-99m radiolabeled Tityus serrulatus venom (99mTc-TsV) to evaluate the venom distribution kinetics in mice. To understand the hyaluronidase’s role in the venom’s biodistribution, 99mTc-TsV was immunoneutralized with specific anti-T.serrulatus hyaluronidase serum. Venom biodistribution was monitored by scintigraphic images of treated animals and by measuring radioactivity levels in tissues as heart, liver, lungs, spleen, thyroid, and kidneys. In general, results revealed that hyaluronidase inhibition delays venom components distribution, when compared to the non-neutralized 99mTc-TsV control group. Scintigraphic images showed that the majority of the immunoneutralized venom is retained at the injection site, whereas non-treated venom is quickly biodistributed throughout the animal’s body. At the first 30 min, concentration peaks are observed in the heart, liver, lungs, spleen, and thyroid, which gradually decreases over time. On the other hand, immunoneutralized 99mTc-TsV takes 240 min to reach high concentrations in the organs. A higher concentration of immunoneutralized 99mTc-TsV was observed in the kidneys in comparison with the non-treated venom. Further, in situ neutralization of 99mTc-TsV by anti-T.serrulatus hyaluronidase serum at zero, ten, and 30 min post venom injection showed that late inhibition of hyaluronidase can still affect venom biodistribution. In this assay, immunoneutralized 99mTc-TsV was accumulated in the bloodstream until 120 or 240 min after TsV injection, depending on anti-hyaluronidase administration time. Altogether, our data show that immunoneutralization of hyaluronidase prevents venom spreading from the injection site. Conclusions By comparing TsV biodistribution in the absence or presence of anti-hyaluronidase serum, the results obtained in the present work show that hyaluronidase has a key role not only in the venom spreading from the inoculation point to the bloodstream, but also in venom biodistribution from the bloodstream to target organs. Our findings demonstrate that hyaluronidase is indeed an important spreading factor of TsV and its inhibition can be used as a novel first-aid strategy in envenoming. Hyaluronidases are known as the venom components responsible for disseminating toxins from the injection site to the victim’s organism. Therefore, understanding how the venom distribution occurs and the role of hyaluronidases in this process is crucial in the field of toxinology. In this study, we inhibited Tityus serrulatus venom (TsV) hyaluronidase’s action using specific anti-Ts-hyaluronidase antibodies. Labeling TsV with a radioactive compound enabled monitoring of its biodistribution in mice. Our results show that, upon hyaluronidase inhibition, TsV remains at the injection site for longer, and only a reduced amount of the venom reaches the bloodstream. Consequently, the venom arrives later at target organs like the heart, liver, lungs, spleen, and thyroid. Considering the possible application of hyaluronidase inhibition as a therapeutic resource in envenoming first-aid treatment, we performed the administration of hyaluronidase neutralizing antibodies at different times after TsV injection. We observed that TsV remains in the bloodstream and its arrival at tissues is delayed by 120 or 240 min after TsV injection, depending on anti-hyaluronidase administration times. Our data show that hyaluronidase plays a crucial role in TsV spreading from the injection site to the bloodstream and from the bloodstream to the organs, thus suggesting that its inhibition can help to improve envenoming’s treatment.
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19
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Wu R, Li D, Tang Q, Wang W, Xie G, Dou P. A Novel Peptide from Vespa ducalis Induces Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cells by Activating the p38 MAPK and JNK Signaling Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:458-464. [PMID: 29607921 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a typical bone cancer, and most frequently used cancer treatments for OS are limited due to severe drug-related toxicities. Wasp venoms contain functional components that may offer pharmaceutical components for the treatment of cancers. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel peptide (venom anti-cancer peptide 1, VACP1) derived from the wasp venom of Vespa ducalis SMITH. Toxins from Vespa ducalis crude venom were separated by gel filtration and purified by C18 reverse-phase HPLC. As examined by Edman degradation, the amino acid sequence of VACP1 is AQKWLKYWKADKVKGFGRKIKKIWFG. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays revealed that VACP1 inhibited the cell proliferation of MG-63, U-2 OS and Saos-2 cells. Furthermore, annexin V and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining revealed that VACP1 could induce the apoptosis of OS cell lines. In addition, VACP1 increased the protein levels of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), caspase 3, but decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Apoptotic signaling pathway screening in MG-63 cells via an antibody array revealed that VACP1 activated the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. The present study demonstrates that VACP1 potently suppressed cell proliferation and induced the cell apoptosis of OS cells by inducing the activation of the p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways, suggesting that VACP1 is a promising agent for OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Guangrong Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Pengcheng Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
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20
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Bazon ML, Silveira LH, Simioni PU, Brochetto-Braga MR. Current Advances in Immunological Studies on the Vespidae Venom Antigen 5: Therapeutic and Prophylaxis to Hypersensitivity Responses. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E305. [PMID: 30042313 PMCID: PMC6115769 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although systemic reactions caused by allergenic proteins present in venoms affect a small part of the world population, Hymenoptera stings are among the main causes of immediate hypersensitivity responses, with risk of anaphylactic shock. In the attempt to obtain therapeutic treatments and prophylaxis to hypersensitivity responses, interest in the molecular characterization of these allergens has grown in the scientific community due to the promising results obtained in immunological and clinical studies. The present review provides an update on the knowledge regarding the immune response and the therapeutic potential of Antigen 5 derived from Hymenoptera venom. The results confirm that the identification and topology of epitopes, associated with molecular regions that interact with antibodies, are crucial to the improvement of hypersensitivity diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Luiz Bazon
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes-LBMA-IB-RC-UNESP (Univ Estadual Paulista), Av. 24-A, n_ 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lais Helena Silveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes-LBMA-IB-RC-UNESP (Univ Estadual Paulista), Av. 24-A, n_ 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Ucelli Simioni
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Americana, FAM, Av. Joaquim Bôer, 733 Jardim Luciane, Americana 13477-360, SP, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Regina Brochetto-Braga
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes-LBMA-IB-RC-UNESP (Univ Estadual Paulista), Av. 24-A, n_ 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil.
- Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos-CEVAP (Univ Estadual Paulista), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Rungsa P, Peigneur S, Daduang S, Tytgat J. Purification and biochemical characterization of VesT1s, a novel phospholipase A1 isoform isolated from the venom of the greater banded wasp Vespa tropica. Toxicon 2018; 148:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Perez-Riverol A, Lasa AM, Palma MS. Diversity of peptidic and proteinaceous toxins from social Hymenoptera venoms. Toxicon 2018; 148:172-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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A membrane disrupting toxin from wasp venom underlies the molecular mechanism of tissue damage. Toxicon 2018; 148:56-63. [PMID: 29654869 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of the local hypersensitivity reactions to wasp venom including dermal necrosis remains an enigma regardless of the numerosity of the reported cases. In this study, we discovered a new membrane disrupting toxin, VESCP-M2 responsible for tissue damage symptoms following Vespa mandarinia envenomation. Electrophysiological assays revealed a potent ability of VESCP-M2 to permeate the cell membrane whereas in vivo experiments demonstrated that VESCP-M2 induces edema, pain and dermal necrosis characterized by the presence of morphological and behavioral phenotypes, pro-inflammatory mediators, biomarkers as well as the disruption of dermal tissue. This study presents the molecular mechanism and symptom-related function of VESCP-M2 which may form a basis for prognosis as well as therapeutic interventions.
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Yang H, Yang L, Wang DW, Wei JF, He S. Anaphylactic shock caused by haemocoagulase injection in China. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1547-1553. [PMID: 28413507 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemocoagulase injection is a mixture of purified enzymes isolated from the venom of Bothrops atrox, which is used for the prevention and treatment of haemorrhage. It is a relatively safe pharmacological agent that does not require a skin test prior to administration. However, following a literature search, 14 reported cases of anaphylactic shock caused by haemocoagulase injection were identified, including one lethal case in China. Using SDS-PAGE and protein identification, four primary components in haemocoagulase injection were characterized, including one metalloproteinase, which may be a thromboplastin-like enzyme, and two serine proteinases, which may be thrombin-like enzymes. Administering concentrated haemocoagulase injections failed to provoke a positive skin reaction in allergic patients. Basophil activation tests revealed that haemocoagulase injections did not upregulate cluster of differentiation 63 or C-C chemokine receptor type 3 expression. These findings suggest that haemocoagulase injection may cause fetal anaphylaxis. Although it is difficult to determine a clear conclusion without being able to evaluate the patients that underwent haemocoagulase injection-induced shock, it is unlikely that the venomous components of haemocoagulase injection cross-react with common allergens in allergic patients. It is possible that haemocoagulase injection-induced anaphylaxis is caused by its additive components, such as mannitol and succinylated gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Yang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Liming Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - De-Wang Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China.,Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Yang H, Chen H, Jin M, Xie H, He S, Wei JF. Molecular cloning, expression, IgE binding activities and in silico epitope prediction of Per a 9 allergens of the American cockroach. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1795-1805. [PMID: 27840974 PMCID: PMC5117749 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Per a 9 is a major allergen of the American cockroach (CR), which has been recognized as an important cause of imunoglobulin E-mediated type I hypersensitivity worldwide. However, it is not neasy to obtain a substantial quantity of this allergen for use in functional studies. In the present study, the Per a 9 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) systems. It was found that 13/16 (81.3%) of the sera from patients with allergies caused by the American CR reacted to Per a 9, as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, confirming that Per a 9 is a major allergen of CR. The induction of the expression of CD63 and CCR3 in passively sensitized basophils (from sera of patients with allergies caused by the American CR) by approximately 4.2-fold indicated that recombinant Per a 9 was functionally active. Three immunoinformatics tools, including the DNAStar Protean system, Bioinformatics Predicted Antigenic Peptides (BPAP) system and the BepiPred 1.0 server were used to predict the potential B cell epitopes, while Net-MHCIIpan-2.0 and NetMHCII-2.2 were used to predict the T cell epitopes of Per a 9. As a result, we predicted 11 peptides (23-28, 39-46, 58-64, 91-118, 131-136, 145-154, 159-165, 176-183, 290-299, 309-320 and 338-344) as potential B cell linear epitopes. In T cell prediction, the Per a 9 allergen was predicted to have 5 potential T cell epitope sequences, 119-127, 194-202, 210-218, 239-250 and 279-290. The findings of our study may prove to be useful in the development of peptide-based vaccines to combat CR-induced allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Yang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Jin
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, PLA Cancer Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Tong X, Guo M, Jin M, Chen H, Li Y, Wei JF. In silico epitope prediction, expression and functional analysis of Per a 10 allergen from the American cockroach. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1806-1814. [PMID: 27840898 PMCID: PMC5117736 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockroach (CR) allergies caused by the American cockroach hyave been recognized to be repsonsible for IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity worldwide. Per a 10 is one of the recognized main allergens of the American CR. In a previous study, we examined another American CR allergen, Per a 9 in patients with CR allergies and examined epitope sequences in this allergen. In the present study, we aimed to examine epitope sequences in the Per a 10 allergen. for this purpose, the Per a 10 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) systems. Our results revealed that 9 out of 16 (56.3%) sera from patients with American CR allergies reacted to Per a10, as assessed by ELISA, confirming that Per a 10 is a major allergen of the American CR. Our results also revealed that the expression of CD63 and CCR3 on passively sensitized basophils (obtained sera of patients with American CR allergies) was increased by approximately 2.3-fold, indicating that recombinant Per a 10 is functionally active. In addition, 3 immunoinformatics tools, namely the DNAStar Protean system, the Bioinformatics Predicted Antigenic Peptides (BPAP) system and the BepiPred 1.0 server were used to predict the peptides and the results revealed 8 peptides (2-12, 55-67, 98-120, 125-133, 149-160, 170-182, 201-208 and 223-227) as potential B cell epitopes of the Per a 10 allergen. Moreover, Per a 10 was predicted to have 3 T cell epitope sequences, namely 83-92, 139-147 and 162-170. The findings of our study on the CR allergen may prove to be useful in the development of peptide-based vaccine for the prevention and/or treatment of CR allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunliang Tong
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Miao Guo
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Jin
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Rungsa P, Incamnoi P, Sukprasert S, Uawonggul N, Klaynongsruang S, Daduang J, Patramanon R, Roytrakul S, Daduang S. Cloning, structural modelling and characterization of VesT2s, a wasp venom hyaluronidase (HAase) from Vespa tropica. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2016; 22:28. [PMID: 27790249 PMCID: PMC5075168 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wasp venom is a complex mixture containing proteins, enzymes and small molecules, including some of the most dangerous allergens. The greater banded wasp (Vespa tropica) is well-known for its lethal venom, whose one of the major components is a hyaluronidase (HAase). It is believed that the high protein proportion and activity of this enzyme is responsible for the venom potency. Methods In the present study, cDNA cloning, sequencing and 3D-structure of Vespa tropica venom HAase were described. Anti-native HAase antibody was used for neutralization assay. Results Two isoforms, VesT2a and VesT2b, were classified as members of the glycosidase hydrolase 56 family with high similarity (42–97 %) to the allergen venom HAase. VesT2a gene contained 1486 nucleotide residues encoding 357 amino acids whereas the VesT2b isoform consisted of 1411 residues encoding 356 amino acids. The mature VesT2a and VesT2b are similar in mass and pI after prediction. They are 39119.73 Da/pI 8.91 and 39571.5 Da/pI 9.38, respectively. Two catalytic residues in VesT2a, Asp107 and Glu109 were substituted in VesT2b by Asn, thus impeding enzymatic activity. The 3D-structure of the VesT2s isoform consisted of a central core (α/β)7 barrel and two disulfide bridges. The five putative glycosylation sites (Asn79, Asn99, Asn127, Asn187 and Asn325) of VesT2a and the three glycosylation sites (Asn1, Asn66 and Asn81) in VesT2b were predicted. An allergenic property significantly depends on the number of putative N-glycosylation sites. The anti-native HAase serum specifically recognized to venom HAase was able to neutralize toxicity of V. tropica venom. The ratio of venom antiserum was 1:12. Conclusions The wasp venom allergy is known to cause life-threatening and fatal IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions in allergic individuals. Structural analysis was a helpful tool for prediction of allergenic properties including their cross reactivity among the vespid HAase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapenpuksiri Rungsa
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Paroonkorn Incamnoi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sophida Sukprasert
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nunthawun Uawonggul
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rina Patramanon
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ; Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Rungsa P, Incamnoi P, Sukprasert S, Uawonggul N, Klaynongsruang S, Daduang J, Patramanon R, Roytrakul S, Daduang S. Comparative proteomic analysis of two wasps venom, Vespa tropica and Vespa affinis. Toxicon 2016; 119:159-67. [PMID: 27288895 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vespid venom is composed of many bioactive compounds. The venom of the banded tiger wasp (Vespa affinis, or VA) and the great banded wasp (Vespa tropica, or VT)-which are locally found in the northeastern part of Thailand and are well known for their life-threatening venom potency-were comparatively studied in terms of potency, composition and biological activity. Clinical studies that included word-of-mouth information shared by traditional healers in local areas noted that the venom of VT is more potent than that of VA. Our previous study showed that the venom of VA is lower in potency (PD50 = 12.5 μg/g body weight) than that of VT (PD50 = 3 μg/g body weight). Analysis with the PAGE technique showed that these two venoms showed similar patterns of active proteins. Most protein spots were basic proteins at an isoelectric point (pI) ranging from 5 to 10, with molecular weights between 27 and 50 kDa. These spots were identified as hyaluronidase, phospholipase, antigen 5, dipeptidyl peptidase and albumin-like protein. The proportion of hyaluronidase was 2.5 times higher in VT than in VA. VT also showed higher hyaluronidase, phospholipase and dipeptidyl peptidase activities, suggesting that these components made VT venom more potent than VA venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapenpuksiri Rungsa
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Paroonkorn Incamnoi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Sophida Sukprasert
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nunthawun Uawonggul
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rina Patramanon
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Volfova V, Tothova V, Volf P. Hyaluronidase activity in the salivary glands of tabanid flies. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 73:38-46. [PMID: 27045753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tabanids are haematophagous insects that act as biological and mechanical vectors of various diseases, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. The saliva of these insects contains strong anticoagulant and vasodilatory activities as well as immunoregulatory peptides. Here we demonstrate pronounced hyaluronidase (hyase) activity in ten tabanid species of the genera Chrysops, Haematopota, Hybomitra and Tabanus. Compared to other haematophagous insects, the ability of tabanid hyases to hydrolyze hyaluronic acid (HA) is extremely high, for example the enzyme activity of Hybomitra muehlfeldi was found to be 32-fold higher than the salivary hyase activity of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi. Hyases of all ten tabanid species tested also cleaved chondroitin sulfate A, another glycosaminoglycan present in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates. The pH optimum of the enzyme activity was measured in eight tabanid species; the hyase of Haemopota pluvialis was the only one with optimum at pH 4.0, while in the other seven species the activity optimum was at 5.0. SDS PAGE zymography showed the monomeric character of the enzymes in all tabanid species tested. Under non-reducing conditions the activities were visible as single bands with estimated MW between 35 and 52 kDa. The very high hyaluronidase activity in tabanid saliva might be related to their aggressive biting behavior as well as to their high efficiency as mechanical vectors. As they are supposedly involved in the enlargement of feeding hematomas, hyases might contribute to the mechanical transmission of pathogens. Pathogens present in vector mouthparts are co-inoculated into the vertebrate host together with saliva and may benefit from increased tissue permeability and the immunomodulatory activity of the salivary hyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Volfova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech republic
| | - Viktorie Tothova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech republic.
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Lee SH, Baek JH, Yoon KA. Differential Properties of Venom Peptides and Proteins in Solitary vs. Social Hunting Wasps. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:32. [PMID: 26805885 PMCID: PMC4773785 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary functions of venoms from solitary and social wasps are different. Whereas most solitary wasps sting their prey to paralyze and preserve it, without killing, as the provisions for their progeny, social wasps usually sting to defend their colonies from vertebrate predators. Such distinctive venom properties of solitary and social wasps suggest that the main venom components are likely to be different depending on the wasps' sociality. The present paper reviews venom components and properties of the Aculeata hunting wasps, with a particular emphasis on the comparative aspects of venom compositions and properties between solitary and social wasps. Common components in both solitary and social wasp venoms include hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2, metalloendopeptidase, etc. Although it has been expected that more diverse bioactive components with the functions of prey inactivation and physiology manipulation are present in solitary wasps, available studies on venom compositions of solitary wasps are simply too scarce to generalize this notion. Nevertheless, some neurotoxic peptides (e.g., pompilidotoxin and dendrotoxin-like peptide) and proteins (e.g., insulin-like peptide binding protein) appear to be specific to solitary wasp venom. In contrast, several proteins, such as venom allergen 5 protein, venom acid phosphatase, and various phospholipases, appear to be relatively more specific to social wasp venom. Finally, putative functions of main venom components and their application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeong Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Kyungjae Andrew Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
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Bordon KCF, Wiezel GA, Amorim FG, Arantes EC. Arthropod venom Hyaluronidases: biochemical properties and potential applications in medicine and biotechnology. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:43. [PMID: 26500679 PMCID: PMC4619011 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidases are enzymes that mainly degrade hyaluronan, the major glycosaminoglycan of the interstitial matrix. They are involved in several pathological and physiological activities including fertilization, wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, diffusion of toxins and drugs, metastasis, pneumonia, sepsis, bacteremia, meningitis, inflammation and allergy, among others. Hyaluronidases are widely distributed in nature and the enzymes from mammalian spermatozoa, lysosomes and animal venoms belong to the subclass EC 3.2.1.35. To date, only five three-dimensional structures for arthropod venom hyaluronidases (Apis mellifera and Vespula vulgaris) were determined. Additionally, there are four molecular models for hyaluronidases from Mesobuthus martensii, Polybia paulista and Tityus serrulatus venoms. These enzymes are employed as adjuvants to increase the absorption and dispersion of other drugs and have been used in various off-label clinical conditions to reduce tissue edema. Moreover, a PEGylated form of a recombinant human hyaluronidase is currently under clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. This review focuses on the arthropod venom hyaluronidases and provides an overview of their biochemical properties, role in the envenoming, structure/activity relationship, and potential medical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C F Bordon
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
| | - Gisele A. Wiezel
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. Amorim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
| | - Eliane C. Arantes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
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Hilger C, Kuehn A, Raulf M, Jakob T. Allergien auf Schaben, Zecken, Vorratsmilben und andere Gliederfüßer: Wie weit ist die molekulare Allergiediagnostik? ALLERGO JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-014-0649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cockroach, tick, storage mite and other arthropod allergies: Where do we stand with molecular allergy diagnostics?: Part 15 of the Series Molecular Allergology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:172-178. [PMID: 26146603 PMCID: PMC4484749 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-014-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mari A, Antonietta Ciardiello M, Passalacqua G, Vliagoftis H, Wardlaw AJ, Wickman M. Developments in the field of allergy in 2012 through the eyes of Clinical & Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1309-32. [PMID: 24118214 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, we received 683 submissions and published 20 editorials, 38 reviews, 11 letters and 128 original articles. This represents an acceptance rate for original papers in the range of 20%. About 30% of original papers were triaged not to go out to review, either because the editors did not feel they had sufficient priority for publication or because the topic did not feel right for the readers of the journal. We place great emphasis on obtaining sufficient high-quality reviews to make our decisions on publication fair and consistent. Inevitably, however, there is a degree of luck about what gets published and which papers miss out, and we are always happy to receive an appeal on our decisions either at the triage stage or after review. This gives us the opportunity to revisit the decision and revise it or explain in more detail to the authors the basis for the decision. Once again in 2012, we were delighted by the quality of the papers submitted and the breadth and depth of research into allergic disease that it revealed. The pattern of papers submitted was similar in previous years with considerable emphasis on all aspects of asthma and rhinitis. We were particularly pleased with our special issue on severe asthma. Elucidating mechanisms using either animal models or patients has always been a major theme of the journal, and the excellent work in these areas has been summarized by Harissios Vliagoftis with a particularly interesting section on early-life events guiding the development of allergic disease, which understandably continue to be a major theme of research. Magnus Wickman summarized the papers looking at the epidemiology of allergic disease including work from birth cohorts, which are an increasingly rich source of data on risk factors for allergic disease, and two papers on the epidemiology of anaphylaxis. Giovanni Passalacqua discussed the papers in the clinical allergy section of the journal, and Adriano Mari who runs the excellent Allergome website discussed the papers looking at allergens including characterization and the relative usefulness of allergen arrays versus single extracts in diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mari
- Allergome, Allergy Data Laboratories s.c., Latina, Italy
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Xia X, Liu R, Li Y, Xue S, Liu Q, Jiang X, Zhang W, Ding K. Cloning and molecular characterization of scorpion Buthus martensi venom hyaluronidases: a novel full-length and diversiform noncoding isoforms. Gene 2014; 547:338-45. [PMID: 24973698 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase is a common component of scorpion venom and has been considered as "spreading factor" that promotes a fast penetration of the venom in the anaphylactic reaction. In the current study, a novel full-length of hyaluronidase BmHYI and three noncoding isoforms of BmHYII, BmHYIII and BmHYIV were cloned by using a combined strategy based on peptide sequencing and Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE). BmHYI has 410 amino acid residues containing the catalytic, positional and five potential N-glycosylation sites. The deduced protein sequence of BmHYI shares significant identity with venom hyaluronidases from bees and snakes. The phylogenetic analysis showed early divergence and independent evolution of BmHYI from other hyaluronidases. An extraordinarily high level of sequence similarity was detected among four sequences. But, BmHYII, BmHYIII and BmHYIV were short of stop-codon in the open reading frame and poly(A) signal in the 3' end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Xia
- Basal Medical College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang, 473041 Henan Province, China.
| | - Rongzhi Liu
- Basal Medical College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang, 473041 Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Basal Medical College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang, 473041 Henan Province, China
| | - Shipeng Xue
- Basal Medical College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang, 473041 Henan Province, China
| | - Qingchun Liu
- Basal Medical College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang, 473041 Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Basal Medical College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang, 473041 Henan Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Basal Medical College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang, 473041 Henan Province, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Basal Medical College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang, 473041 Henan Province, China
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Preparation and identification of Per a 5 as a novel American cockroach allergen. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:591468. [PMID: 24707117 PMCID: PMC3953463 DOI: 10.1155/2014/591468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) from various arthropods can elicit allergic reactions. In the present study, Per a 5, a GST, was cloned from American cockroach (CR) and expressed in both baculovirus-infected insect cell (iPer a 5) and E. coli expression (bPer a 5) systems. The secondary structures were predicted to be 45.93 and 8.69% of α-helix β-sheets in iPer a 5 and 42.54 and 8.49% of α-helix and β-sheets in bPer a 5, respectively. It is found that 4 out of 16 (25%) sera from American CR allergy patients reacted to both bPer a 9 and iPer a 9 as assessed by ELISA and Western blotting analysis, confirming that Per a 5 is not a major allergen of American CR. Induction of upregulated expression of CD63 and CCR3 on passively sensitized human basophils (sera from American CR allergy patients) by approximately up to 4.5- and 3.2-fold indicates that iPer a 5 and bPer a 5 are functionally active. Recombinant Per a 5 (rPer a 5) should be a useful tool for studying and understanding the role of Per a 5 in CR allergy.
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Rodríguez-Romero A, Hernández-Santoyo A, Fuentes-Silva D, Palomares LA, Muñoz-Cruz S, Yépez-Mulia L, Orozco-Martínez S. Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2014; 70:329-41. [PMID: 24531467 PMCID: PMC3940204 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713027673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. These modifications form a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE. A structure is also proposed for the most important N-glycan present in this protein as determined by digestion with specific enzymes. To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. Immunological studies suggested that carbohydrates on Hev b 2 represent an allergenic IgE epitope. In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Rodríguez-Romero
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04310 Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Santoyo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04310 Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Fuentes-Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04310 Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
| | - Laura A. Palomares
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Samira Muñoz-Cruz
- UMAE–Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Lilian Yépez-Mulia
- UMAE–Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Antimicrobial peptides from the venom gland of the social wasp Vespa tropica. Toxicon 2013; 74:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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