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Coenen I, de Jong E, Jones AC, Khoo SK, Foo S, Howland SW, Ginhoux F, Le Souëf PN, Holt PG, Strickland DH, Laing IA, Leffler J. Impaired interferon response in plasmacytoid dendritic cells from children with persistent wheeze. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1083-1094. [PMID: 38110059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired interferon response and allergic sensitization may contribute to virus-induced wheeze and asthma development in young children. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a key role in antiviral immunity as critical producers of type I interferons. pDCs also express the high-affinity IgE receptor through which type I interferon production may be negatively regulated. Whether antiviral function of pDCs is associated with recurrent episodes of wheeze in young children is not well understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the phenotype and function of circulating pDCs in children with a longitudinally defined wheezing phenotype. METHODS We performed multiparameter flow cytometry on PBMCs from 38 children presenting to the emergency department with an acute episode of respiratory wheeze and 19 controls. RNA sequencing on isolated pDCs from the same individuals was also performed. For each subject, their longitudinal exacerbation phenotype was determined using the Western Australia public hospital database. RESULTS We observed a significant depletion of circulating pDCs in young children with a persistent phenotype of wheeze. The same individuals also displayed upregulation of the FcεRI on their pDCs. Based on transcriptomic analysis, pDCs from these individuals did not mount a robust systemic antiviral response as observed in children who displayed a nonrecurrent wheezing phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that circulating pDC phenotype and function are altered in young children with a persistent longitudinal exacerbation phenotype. Expression of high-affinity IgE receptor is increased and their function as major interferon producers is impaired during acute exacerbations of wheeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Coenen
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Emma de Jong
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anya C Jones
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Siew-Kim Khoo
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shihui Foo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shanshan Wu Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Peter N Le Souëf
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonatan Leffler
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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2
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Bitting K, Hedgespeth B, Ehrhardt-Humbert LC, Arthur GK, Schubert AG, Bradding P, Tilley SL, Cruse G. Identification of redundancy between human FcεRIβ and MS4A6A proteins points toward additional complex mechanisms for FcεRI trafficking and signaling. Allergy 2023; 78:1204-1217. [PMID: 36424895 PMCID: PMC10159887 DOI: 10.1111/all.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases are triggered by signaling through the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI. In both mast cells (MCs) and basophils, FcεRI is a tetrameric receptor complex comprising a ligand-binding α subunit (FcεRIα), a tetraspan β subunit (FcεRIβ, MS4A2) responsible for trafficking and signal amplification, and a signal transducing dimer of single transmembrane γ subunits (FcεRIγ). However, FcεRI also exists as presumed trimeric complexes that lack FcεRIβ and are expressed on several cell types outside the MC and basophil lineages. Despite known differences between humans and mice in the presence of the trimeric FcεRI complex, questions remain as to how it traffics and whether it signals in the absence of FcεRIβ. We have previously reported that targeting FcεRIβ with exon-skipping oligonucleotides eliminates IgE-mediated degranulation in mouse MCs, but equivalent targeting in human MCs was not effective at reducing degranulation. RESULTS Here, we report that the FcεRIβ-like protein MS4A6A exists in human MCs and compensates for FcεRIβ in FcεRI trafficking and signaling. Human MS4A6A promotes surface expression of FcεRI complexes and facilitates degranulation. MS4A6A and FcεRIβ are encoded by highly related genes within the MS4A gene family that cluster within the human gene loci 11q12-q13, a region linked to allergy and asthma susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest the presence of either FcεRIβ or MS4A6A is sufficient for degranulation, indicating that MS4A6A could be an elusive FcεRIβ-like protein in human MCs that performs compensatory functions in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Bitting
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Barry Hedgespeth
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Lauren C. Ehrhardt-Humbert
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Greer K. Arthur
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Alicia G. Schubert
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Stephen L. Tilley
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Glenn Cruse
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Immunopathology of Differing Viral Infection in Allergic Asthma Disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2022; 42:715-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Xi Y, Upham JW. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and asthma: a review of current knowledge. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:1095-1106. [PMID: 32726181 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1803741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While medications are available to treat asthma symptoms and control inflammation, no treatments can cure asthma, and efforts to develop primary prevention strategies or improved exacerbation management are limited by incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for asthma development and progression. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are involved in anti-viral host defense and immune regulation, and increasing evidence suggests a role for pDC in asthma pathogenesis. AREAS COVERED We undertook a literature search using PubMed for articles including the phrase 'plasmacytoid dendritic cells and asthma' published from 2015 to 2020. We reviewed the remarkable progress made over the past 5 years in understanding the role of pDC in asthma pathogenesis and how pDC regulate anti-viral immune function. This review highlights key recent findings in asthma pathogenesis and virus-triggered asthma exacerbations; pDC biology and functionality; how pDC regulate the immune response; and pDC function in asthma. EXPERT OPTION A deeper understanding of pDC function provides an important foundation for future pDC-targeted therapies that might prevent and treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xi
- The Lung and Allergy Research Centre, the University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John W Upham
- The Lung and Allergy Research Centre, the University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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Leffler J, Gamez C, Jones AP, Rueter K, Read JF, Siafarikas A, Lim EM, Noakes PS, Prescott SL, Stumbles PA, Palmer DJ, Strickland DH. In infants with sufficient vitamin D status at birth, vitamin D supplementation does not impact immune development. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:686-694. [PMID: 32248591 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin D levels have been associated with allergic diseases. Vitamin D has potent immunomodulatory properties, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We have investigated the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on circulating immune cell phenotypes in infants. METHOD A double-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/d) on eczema and immune development. A subset of 78 infants was included in this analysis. Phenotypic analysis of immune cell subsets was performed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Vitamin D supplementation resulted in median 25(OH)D levels of 80.5 vs 59.5 nmol/L in the placebo group at 3 months of age (P = .002) and 87.5 vs 77 nmol/L at 6 months of age (P = .08). We observed significant changes in immune cell composition from birth (cord blood) to 6 months of age. Vitamin D supplementation did not impact these changes, nor did immune cell composition correlate with plasma 25(OH)D levels. Through exploratory analysis, we identified possible associations with eczema development and increased abundance of naïve CD4- T cells at birth, as well as associations with basophils, iNKT and central memory CD4+ T cells, and altered expression patterns of IgE receptor (FcεR1) on monocytes and dendritic cells with eczema at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation in infants who were vitamin D sufficient at birth did not affect developmental changes in immune cells during the first 6 months of life. However, immune cell profiles at birth and at 6 months of age were associated with early life eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cristina Gamez
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Anderson P Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kristina Rueter
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Immunology Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - James F Read
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ee-Mun Lim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Paul S Noakes
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Immunology Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Philip A Stumbles
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Debra J Palmer
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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6
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Leffler J, Read JF, Jones AC, Mok D, Hollams EM, Laing IA, Le Souef PN, Sly PD, Kusel MMH, de Klerk NH, Bosco A, Holt PG, Strickland DH. Progressive increase of FcεRI expression across several PBMC subsets is associated with atopy and atopic asthma within school-aged children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:646-653. [PMID: 30985951 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen-specific IgE binds the Fcε receptor I (FcεRI) expressed on several types of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). Activation of FcεRI on DCs in atopics has been shown to modulate immune responses that potentially contribute to asthma development. However, the extent to which DC subsets differ in FcεRI expression between atopic children with or without asthma is currently not clear. This study aimed to analyse the expression of FcεRI on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from atopic children with and without asthma, and non-atopic/non-asthmatic age-matched healthy controls. METHODS We performed multiparameter flow cytometry on PBMC from 391 children across three community cohorts and one clinical cohort based in Western Australia. RESULTS We confirmed expression of FcεRI on basophils, monocytes, plasmacytoid and conventional DCs, with higher proportions of all cell populations expressing FcεRI in atopic compared to non-atopic children. Further, we observed that levels of FcεRI expression were elevated across plasmacytoid and conventional DC as well as basophils in atopic asthmatic compared to atopic non-asthmatic children also after adjusting for serum IgE levels. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the expression pattern of FcεRI on DC and basophils differentiates asthmatic from non-asthmatic atopic children. Given the significant immune modulatory effects observed as a consequence of FcεRI expression, this altered expression pattern is likely to contribute to asthma pathology in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James F Read
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anya C Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Danny Mok
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elysia M Hollams
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter N Le Souef
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Merci M H Kusel
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas H de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Hussain SRA, Mejias A, Ramilo O, Peeples ME, Grayson MH. Post-viral atopic airway disease: pathogenesis and potential avenues for intervention. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 15:49-58. [PMID: 30370798 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1541737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In early childhood, wheezing due to lower respiratory tract illness is often associated with infection by commonly known respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (RV). How respiratory viral infections lead to wheeze and/or asthma is an area of active research. Areas covered: This review provides an updated summary of the published information on the development of post-viral induced atopy and asthma and the mechanisms involved. We focus on the contribution of animal models in identifying pathways that may contribute to atopy and asthma following respiratory virus infection, different polymorphisms that have been associated with asthma development, and current options for disease management and potential future interventions. Expert commentary: Currently there are no prophylactic therapies that prevent infants infected with respiratory viruses from developing asthma or atopy. Neither are there curative therapies for patients with asthma. Therefore, a better understanding of genetic factors and other associated biomarkers in respiratory viral induced pathogenesis is important for developing effective personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed-Rehan A Hussain
- a Division of Allergy and Immunology , Nationwide Children's Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Center for Clinical and Translational Research , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA.,c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,d Division of Infectious Diseases , Nationwide Children's Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,e Center for Vaccines and Immunity , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,d Division of Infectious Diseases , Nationwide Children's Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,e Center for Vaccines and Immunity , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Mark E Peeples
- c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,e Center for Vaccines and Immunity , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- a Division of Allergy and Immunology , Nationwide Children's Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Center for Clinical and Translational Research , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA.,c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA
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8
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Berings M, Gevaert P, De Ruyck N, Derycke L, Holtappels G, Pilette C, Bachert C, Lambrecht BN, Dullaers M. FcεRI expression and IgE binding by dendritic cells and basophils in allergic rhinitis and upon allergen immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:970-980. [PMID: 29682789 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, both basophils and dendritic cells (DCs) express the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI). OBJECTIVE To gain more insight into the relation between serum IgE levels and FcεRI expression and IgE binding by DCs and basophils in house dust mite (HDM) allergy and during subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). METHODS We measured FcεRI, IgE and HDM allergen on DCs (conventional type 2 DCs, cDC2s; plasmacytoid dendritic cells, pDCs) and basophils by flow cytometry in 22 non-allergic vs 52 allergic subjects and upon HDM SCIT in 28 allergic subjects. IgE levels were measured in serum. RESULTS Serum IgE correlated differentially with FcεRI expression and IgE binding depending on cell type and allergic status. In non-allergic subjects, FcεRI/IgE surface densities increased with serum IgE to a significantly stronger degree on basophils compared to cDC2s. By contrast, in allergic subjects FcεRI/IgE surface densities increased with serum IgE to a slightly stronger degree on cDC2s compared to basophils. In addition, the data set suggests sequential loading of IgE onto FcεRI expressed by these cells (basophils>cDC2s>pDCs). Finally, HDM SCIT induced a temporary increase in serum IgE, which was paralleled by a peak in FcεRI and IgE on DCs, but not on basophils. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides a comprehensive insight into the relation between serum IgE and FcεRI/IgE on basophils and DC subsets. The novel finding that HDM SCIT induces a temporary increase in FcεRI expression on DCs, but not on basophils, can be an incentive for future research on the potential tolerogenic role of IgE/FcεRI signalling in DCs in the setting of allergen immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berings
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Gevaert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N De Ruyck
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Derycke
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Holtappels
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Dullaers
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Martorano LM, Grayson MH. Respiratory viral infections and atopic development: From possible mechanisms to advances in treatment. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:407-414. [PMID: 29244204 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atopic sensitization and allergic diseases are increasing in modernized countries. These diseases affect millions of individuals, but the mechanisms behind their development are not fully understood. One hypothesis relates to early life respiratory viral infections driving the development of atopic disease including asthma. This review presents the current state of the field, focusing on epidemiologic data supporting a role for early life respiratory viruses in the development of specific IgE, both against aeroallergens and the respiratory virus. Our own work using the Sendai mouse model is then summarized to provide a potential mechanistic explanation for how a respiratory viral infection could drive development of atopic sensitization and disease. We then discuss the components of this mechanistic pathway that have and have not been validated in humans. Finally, we discuss areas ripe for research, as well as potential and current therapeutics that might disrupt the link between respiratory viral infections in early life and atopic sensitization/disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Martorano
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center & Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center & Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Buelow BJ, Rohlfing M, Jung F, Douglas GJ, Grayson MH. POL7085 or anti-CCL28 treatment inhibits development of post-paramyxoviral airway disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:98-108. [PMID: 28474501 PMCID: PMC5418136 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is major health burden throughout the world, and there are no therapies that have been shown to be able to prevent the development of disease. A severe respiratory paramyxoviral infection early in life has been demonstrated to greatly increase the risk of developing asthma. We have a mouse model of a severe respiratory paramyxoviral infection (Sendai virus, SeV) that mimics human disease, and requires early expression of the cytokine CCL28 to drive the development of post-viral airway disease. The known receptors for CCL28 are CCR3 and CCR10. However, it is not known if blockade of these receptors will prevent the development of post-viral airway disease. The objective of this study was to determine if treatment with a protein epitope mimetic antagonist of CCR10, POL7085, will provide sufficient protection against the development of post-viral airway disease. METHODS C57BL6 mice were inoculated with SeV or UV inactivated SeV. From day 3-19 post inoculation (PI), mice were subcutaneously administered daily POL7085 or saline, or every other day anti-CCL28 mAb. On days 8, 10, and 12 PI bronchoalveolar cytokines, serum IgE, and lung cellular constituents were measured. At day 21 PI airway hyper-reactivity to methacholine and mucous cell metaplasia was measured. RESULTS Treatment with either anti-CCL28 or POL7085 significantly reduced development of airway hyper-reactivity and mucous cell metaplasia following SeV infection. The prevention of post-viral airway disease was associated with early reductions in innate immune cells, but did not appear to be due to a reduction in IL-13 or IgE. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of CCL28 or CCR10 during an acute severe respiratory paramyxoviral infection is sufficient to prevent the development of post-viral airway disease. However, the mechanism of action is unclear and requires further exploration.
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11
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Stoll P, Bähker A, Ulrich M, Bratke K, Garbe K, Christian Virchow J, Lommatzsch M. The dendritic cell high-affinity IgE receptor is overexpressed in both asthma and severe COPD. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:575-83. [PMID: 26503747 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduction of asthma exacerbations following omalizumab treatment has been related to the suppression of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs). However, the FcεRI expression on DCs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare FcεRI expression on DCs in COPD with patients with allergic asthma and healthy controls, and to relate the findings to clinical parameters, blood eosinophil concentrations and serum immunoglobin E (IgE) concentrations. METHODS Using four-colour flow cytometry, FcεRI expression on blood myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs was analyzed in 64 patients with COPD, 20 patients with allergic asthma, 41 asymptomatic never smokers and 21 asymptomatic current smokers. RESULTS As compared with never smokers, current smokers displayed an increased expression of the FcεRI on myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs. In patients with COPD, the expression of the FcεRI on plasmacytoid DCs, but not myeloid DCs, increased from spirometric GOLD stage 2 to GOLD stage 4, and was correlated with several lung function parameters. Patients with severe COPD and patients with allergic asthma displayed a similar FcεRI overexpression on plasmacytoid DCs. In all groups, there was a positive correlation between total IgE serum concentrations and the FcεRI expression on plasmacytoid DCs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Severe COPD and allergic asthma are characterized by a similar overexpression of the high-affinity IgE receptor on plasmacytoid DCs. In view of the effect of anti-IgE on exacerbations in asthma, trials investigating the effect of anti-IgE on exacerbations in severe COPD appear to be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stoll
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Bähker
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Ulrich
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - K Bratke
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - K Garbe
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Christian Virchow
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Lommatzsch
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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12
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Mudde ACA, Lexmond WS, Blumberg RS, Nurko S, Fiebiger E. Eosinophilic esophagitis: published evidences for disease subtypes, indications for patient subpopulations, and how to translate patient observations to murine experimental models. World Allergy Organ J 2016; 9:23. [PMID: 27458501 PMCID: PMC4947322 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus and commonly classified as a Th2-type allergy. Major advances in our understanding of the EoE pathophysiology have recently been made, but clinicians struggle with highly unpredictable therapy responses indicative of phenotypic diversity within the patient population. Here, we summarize evidences for the existence of EoE subpopulations based on diverse inflammatory characteristics of the esophageal tissue in EoE. Additionally, clinical characteristics of EoE patients support the concept of disease subtypes. We conclude that clinical and experimental evidences indicate that EoE is an umbrella term for conditions that are unified by esophageal eosinophilia but that several disease subgroups with various inflammatory esophageal patterns and/or different clinical features exist. We further discuss strategies to study the pathophysiologic differences as observed in EoE patients in murine experimental EoE. Going forward, models of EoE that faithfully mimic EoE subentities as defined in humans will be essential because mechanistic studies on triggers which regulate the onset of diverse EoE subpopulations are not feasible in patients. Understanding how and why different EoE phenotypes develop will be a first and fundamental step to establish strategies that integrate individual variations of the EoE pathology into personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C A Mudde
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Willem S Lexmond
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Samuel Nurko
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ; Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston, MA USA ; Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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13
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Platzer B, Stout M, Fiebiger E. Functions of dendritic-cell-bound IgE in allergy. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:116-9. [PMID: 26052071 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) functions as an Fc-receptor-bound antigen sensor for mast cells and basophils, the classical effector cells of allergy. A cell-bound IgE pool is formed when monomeric IgE binds to FcɛRI, the high affinity IgE Fc receptor on these cells, and minor amounts of antigen are sufficient to trigger the pro-allergic innate IgE effector axis. Additionally, FcɛRI is constitutively expressed on human dendritic cells (DCs), and thus the latter cell type also receives signals via cell-bound IgE. Notably, steady-state expression of FcɛRI on DCs is absent in SPF-housed mice. How DCs integrate IgE/FcɛRI-derived signals into their sentinel functions as gatekeepers of immunity was therefore only recently studied with transgenic mice that phenocopy human FcɛRI expression. In this review, we summarize advances in our understanding of the functions of DC-bound IgE which demonstrate that IgE-mediated activation of DCs in allergic Th2-type inflammation appears to be immune regulatory rather than pro-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Platzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Madeleine Stout
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Platzer B, Baker K, Vera MP, Singer K, Panduro M, Lexmond WS, Turner D, Vargas SO, Kinet JP, Maurer D, Baron RM, Blumberg RS, Fiebiger E. Dendritic cell-bound IgE functions to restrain allergic inflammation at mucosal sites. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:516-32. [PMID: 25227985 PMCID: PMC4363306 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-mediated cross-linking of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) bound to mast cells/basophils via FcɛRI, the high affinity IgE Fc-receptor, is a well-known trigger of allergy. In humans, but not mice, dendritic cells (DCs) also express FcɛRI that is constitutively occupied with IgE. In contrast to mast cells/basophils, the consequences of IgE/FcɛRI signals for DC function remain poorly understood. We show that humanized mice that express FcɛRI on DCs carry IgE like non-allergic humans and do not develop spontaneous allergies. Antigen-specific IgE/FcɛRI cross-linking fails to induce maturation or production of inflammatory mediators in human DCs and FcɛRI-humanized DCs. Furthermore, conferring expression of FcɛRI to DCs decreases the severity of food allergy and asthma in disease-relevant models suggesting anti-inflammatory IgE/FcɛRI signals. Consistent with the improved clinical parameters in vivo, antigen-specific IgE/FcɛRI cross-linking on papain or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated DCs inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Migration assays confirm that the IgE-dependent decrease in cytokine production results in diminished recruitment of mast cell progenitors; providing a mechanistic explanation for the reduced mast cell-dependent allergic phenotype observed in FcɛRI-humanized mice. Our study demonstrates a novel immune regulatory function of IgE and proposes that DC-intrinsic IgE signals serve as a feedback mechanism to restrain allergic tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Platzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristi Baker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miguel Pinilla Vera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Singer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marisella Panduro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Willem S. Lexmond
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devin Turner
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara O. Vargas
- Departments of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Kinet
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dieter Maurer
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Rebecca M. Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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The role of FcεRI expressed in dendritic cells and monocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2349-60. [PMID: 25715742 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Early studies regarding the function of FcεRI in dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes have focused on its role in mediating inflammatory signaling and enhancing T cell immunity. It has been the case in part because FcεRI is the major receptor that mediates allergic inflammatory signaling in mast cells and basophils and because DCs and monocytes are antigen presenting cells capable of activating naïve and/or effector T cells. These studies have led to the general belief that FcεRI-mediated DC signaling and antigen presentation promote development and activation of Th2 cells and contribute to allergic inflammatory diseases. However, this belief has long suffered from a lack of evidence. Recently, studies have emerged that provide evidence supporting an opposing role: that FcεRI on DCs instead promotes immune homeostasis and regulation. In this review, we will update the current status of our understanding of FcεRI biology and function, with a specific focus on DCs and monocytes.
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16
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Greer AM, Matthay MA, Kukreja J, Bhakta NR, Nguyen CP, Wolters PJ, Woodruff PG, Fahy JV, Shin JS. Accumulation of BDCA1⁺ dendritic cells in interstitial fibrotic lung diseases and Th2-high asthma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99084. [PMID: 24915147 PMCID: PMC4051692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) significantly contribute to the pathology of several mouse lung disease models. However, little is known of the contribution of DCs to human lung diseases. In this study, we examined infiltration with BDCA1+ DCs of human lungs in patients with interstitial lung diseases or asthma. Using flow cytometry, we found that these DCs increased by 5∼6 fold in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which are both characterized by extensive fibrosis in parenchyma. The same DC subset also significantly increased in the lung parenchyma of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, although the degree of increase was relatively modest. By employing immunofluorescence microscopy using FcεRI and MHCII as the specific markers for BDCA1+ DCs, we found that the numbers of BDCA1+ DCs also significantly increased in the airway epithelium of Th2 inflammation-associated asthma. These findings suggest a potential contribution of BDCA1+ DCs in human lung diseases associated with interstitial fibrosis or Th2 airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Greer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nirav R. Bhakta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christine P. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - John V. Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeoung-Sook Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Duriancik DM, Hoag KA. Mistaken identity: Purified basophils likely contaminated with dendritic cells. Cytometry A 2014; 85:570-2. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Duriancik
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan
| | - Kathleen A. Hoag
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan
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18
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Platzer B, Stout M, Fiebiger E. Antigen cross-presentation of immune complexes. Front Immunol 2014; 5:140. [PMID: 24744762 PMCID: PMC3978348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to cross-present tumor antigens has long been a focus of interest to physicians, as well as basic scientists, that aim to establish efficient cell-based cancer immune therapy. A prerequisite for exploiting this pathway for therapeutic purposes is a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses when initiated by DCs via cross-presentation. The ability of humans DC to perform cross-presentation is of utmost interest, as this cell type is a main target for cell-based immunotherapy in humans. The outcome of a cross-presentation event is guided by the nature of the antigen, the form of antigen uptake, and the subpopulation of DCs that performs presentation. Generally, CD8α+ DCs are considered to be the most potent cross-presenting DCs. This paradigm, however, only applies to soluble antigens. During adaptive immune responses, immune complexes form when antibodies interact with their specific epitopes on soluble antigens. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune complexes target Fc-gamma receptors on DCs to shuttle exogenous antigens efficiently into the cross-presentation pathway. This receptor-mediated cross-presentation pathway is a well-described route for the induction of strong CD8+ T cell responses. IgG-mediated cross-presentation is intriguing because it permits the CD8− DCs, which are commonly considered to be weak cross-presenters, to efficiently cross-present. Engaging multiple DC subtypes for cross-presentation might be a superior strategy to boost CTL responses in vivo. We here summarize our current understanding of how DCs use IgG-complexed antigens for the efficient induction of CTL responses. Because of its importance for human cell therapy, we also review the recent advances in the characterization of cross-presentation properties of human DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Platzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Madeleine Stout
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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19
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Sigua JA, Buelow B, Cheung DS, Buell E, Hunter D, Klancnik M, Grayson MH. CD49d-expressing neutrophils differentiate atopic from nonatopic individuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:901-4.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Greer AM, Wu N, Putnam AL, Woodruff PG, Wolters P, Kinet JP, Shin JS. Serum IgE clearance is facilitated by human FcεRI internalization. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1187-98. [PMID: 24569373 DOI: 10.1172/jci68964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI is constitutively expressed in mast cells and basophils and is required for transmitting stimulatory signals upon engagement of IgE-bound allergens. FcεRI is also constitutively expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes in humans; however, the specific functions of the FcεRI expressed by these cells are not completely understood. Here, we found that FcεRI expressed by human blood DC antigen 1-positive (BDCA1+) DCs and monocytes, but not basophils, traffics to endolysosomal compartments under steady-state conditions. Furthermore, IgE bound to FcεRI on BDCA1+ DCs was rapidly endocytosed, transported to the lysosomes, and degraded in vitro. IgE injected into mice expressing human FcεRIα (FCER1A-Tg mice) was endocytosed by conventional DCs and monocytes, and endocytosis was associated with rapid clearance of circulating IgE from these mice. Importantly, this rapid IgE clearance was dependent on monocytes or DCs but not basophils. These findings strongly suggest that constitutive internalization of human FcεRI by DCs and monocytes distinctively contributes to serum IgE clearance.
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21
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Słodka A, Wiktorska M, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E. IgE by Itself Affects Mature Rat Mast Cell Preformed and De Novo-Synthesized Mediator Release and Amplifies Mast Cell Migratory Response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79286. [PMID: 24205379 PMCID: PMC3813586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin E (IgE) binds to high affinity receptor FcεRI numerously expressed on mast cells. Recent findings have revealed that IgE by itself may regulate various aspects of mast cell biology, however, detailed data is still limited. Methodology/Findings Here, we have examined the influence of IgE alone, used at different concentrations, on mast cell activity and releasability. For the study we have employed in vivo differentiated mature tissue mast cells isolated from rat peritoneal cavity. Mast cells were exposed to IgE alone and then the release of preformed and de novo-synthesized mediators, surface FcεRI expression and mast cell migratory response were assessed. IgE by itself was found to up-regulate FcεRI expression and activate mast cells to degranulation, as well as de novo synthesis and release of cysteinyl leukotrienes and TNF. We have provided evidence that IgE alone also amplified spontaneous and CCL5- or TNF-induced migration of mast cells. Importantly, IgE was effective only at concentrations ≥ 3 µg/mL. A molecular basis investigation using an array of specific inhibitors showed that Src kinases, PLC/PLA2, MAP kinases (ERK and p38) and PI3K were entirely or partially involved in IgE-induced mast cell response. Furthermore, IgE alone stimulated the phosphorylation of MAP kinases and PI3K in rat mast cells. Conclusion Our results clearly demonstrated that IgE by itself, at higher concentrations, influences mast cell activity and releasability. As there are different conditions when the IgE level is raised it might be supposed that in vivo IgE is one of the important factors modulating mast cell biology within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Słodka
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wiktorska
- Department of Molecular and Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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22
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Cheung DS, Grayson MH. Role of viruses in the development of atopic disease in pediatric patients. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 12:613-20. [PMID: 22911226 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of atopic diseases continues to rise in modernized countries, without a clear explanation for this increase. One potential cause identified from epidemiologic studies of children is respiratory RNA viral infections leading to development of recurrent wheezing, asthma, and allergic sensitization. We review human epidemiologic data that both support and refute the role of viruses in this process. Exploring recent murine models, we document possible immunologic mechanisms that could translate a viral infection into atopic disease. We further discuss evidence for a post-viral "atopic cycle" that could explain the development of multiple allergen sensitization, and we explore available data to suggest a connection between viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract with the development of food allergy. Taken together, this review documents evidence to support the "viral hypothesis", and, in particular, the role of RNA viruses in the development of atopic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy S Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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23
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Dendritic cells, viruses, and the development of atopic disease. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:936870. [PMID: 23118777 PMCID: PMC3478734 DOI: 10.1155/2012/936870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are important residents of the lung environment. They have been associated with asthma and other inflammatory diseases of the airways. In addition to their antigen-presenting functions, dendritic cells have the ability to modulate the lung environment to promote atopic disease. While it has long been known that respiratory viral infections associate with the development and exacerbation of atopic diseases, the exact mechanisms have been unclear. Recent studies have begun to show the critical importance of the dendritic cell in this process. This paper focuses on these data demonstrating how different populations of dendritic cells are capable of bridging the adaptive and innate immune systems, ultimately leading to the translation of viral illness into atopic disease.
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24
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Holtzman MJ. Asthma as a chronic disease of the innate and adaptive immune systems responding to viruses and allergens. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2741-8. [PMID: 22850884 DOI: 10.1172/jci60325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the pathogenesis of asthma has traditionally concentrated on environmental stimuli, genetic susceptibilities, adaptive immune responses, and end-organ alterations (particularly in airway mucous cells and smooth muscle) as critical steps leading to disease. The focus of this cascade has been the response to allergic stimuli. An alternative scheme suggests that respiratory viruses and the consequent response of the innate immune system also drives the development of asthma as well as related inflammatory diseases. This conceptual shift raises the possibility that sentinel cells such as airway epithelial cells, DCs, NKT cells, innate lymphoid cells, and macrophages also represent critical components of asthma pathogenesis as well as new targets for therapeutic discovery. A particular challenge will be to understand and balance the innate as well as the adaptive immune responses to defend the host against acute infection as well as chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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25
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Fc-epsilon-RI, the high affinity IgE-receptor, is robustly expressed in the upper gastrointestinal tract and modulated by mucosal inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42066. [PMID: 22848703 PMCID: PMC3407106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, in IgE-mediated immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is poorly understood. Currently, a detailed characterization of FcεRI expression throughout the human gut is lacking. The aim of this study was to define the expression pattern of FcεRI in the GI tract. Methods/Principal Findings We compared FcεRI expression in children with gastritis/esophagitis (n = 10), celiac disease (n = 10), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 9), and normal mucosa (n = 5). The α–subunit of FcεRI (FcεRIα), detected by immunohistochemistry, was found on cells infiltrating the mucosa of the esophagus, the stomach, and the duodenum, but was rarely detected in more distal sections of the GI tract. Accordingly, quantitative RT-PCR analysis on esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, and rectum biopsies revealed that FcεRIα and -β expression levels decreased towards the distal intestine. mRNA transcripts of the common Fc-receptor-γ chain were present in the entire GI mucosa. Double-immunofluorescence staining of esophageal specimens confirmed that FcεRIα was expressed on intraepithelial mast cells and Langerhans cells. The mRNA expression levels of the α, β, and γ subunits of FcεRI did not correlate with total serum IgE but were associated with mucosal inflammation. Conclusion/Significance Our data define the upper GI tract as the main site for IgE-mediated immune activation via FcεRI. Tissue mRNA levels of FcεRIα are regulated by inflammatory conditions rather than serum IgE, indicating that FcεRI might also play a role in pathologies other than allergy.
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