1
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O'Connor KW, Kishimoto K, Kuzma IO, Wagner KP, Selway JS, Roderick JE, Karna KK, Gallagher KM, Hu K, Liu H, Li R, Brehm MA, Zhu LJ, Curtis DJ, Tremblay CS, Kelliher MA. The role of quiescent thymic progenitors in TAL/LMO2-induced T-ALL chemotolerance. Leukemia 2024; 38:951-962. [PMID: 38553571 PMCID: PMC11073972 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Relapse in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) may signify the persistence of leukemia-initiating cells (L-ICs). Ectopic TAL1/LMO expression defines the largest subset of T-ALL, but its role in leukemic transformation and its impact on relapse-driving L-ICs remain poorly understood. In TAL1/LMO mouse models, double negative-3 (DN3; CD4-CD8-CD25+CD44-) thymic progenitors harbored L-ICs. However, only a subset of DN3 leukemic cells exhibited L-IC activity, and studies linking L-ICs and chemotolerance are needed. To investigate L-IC heterogeneity, we used mouse models and applied single-cell RNA-sequencing and nucleosome labeling techniques in vivo. We identified a DN3 subpopulation with a cell cycle-restricted profile and heightened TAL1/LMO2 activity, that expressed genes associated with stemness and quiescence. This dormant DN3 subset progressively expanded throughout leukemogenesis, displaying intrinsic chemotolerance and enrichment in genes linked to minimal residual disease. Examination of TAL/LMO patient samples revealed a similar pattern in CD7+CD1a- thymic progenitors, previously recognized for their L-IC activity, demonstrating cell cycle restriction and chemotolerance. Our findings substantiate the emergence of dormant, chemotolerant L-ICs during leukemogenesis, and demonstrate that Tal1 and Lmo2 cooperate to promote DN3 quiescence during the transformation process. This study provides a deeper understanding of TAL1/LMO-induced T-ALL and its clinical implications in therapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W O'Connor
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kensei Kishimoto
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Irena O Kuzma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kelsey P Wagner
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jonathan S Selway
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Justine E Roderick
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Keshab K Karna
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kayleigh M Gallagher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Cedric S Tremblay
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute CCMB, CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB), Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Michelle A Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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2
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Moles E, Howard CB, Huda P, Karsa M, McCalmont H, Kimpton K, Duly A, Chen Y, Huang Y, Tursky ML, Ma D, Bustamante S, Pickford R, Connerty P, Omari S, Jolly CJ, Joshi S, Shen S, Pimanda JE, Dolnikov A, Cheung LC, Kotecha RS, Norris MD, Haber M, de Bock CE, Somers K, Lock RB, Thurecht KJ, Kavallaris M. Delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin by bispecific antibodies improves treatment in models of high-risk childhood leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabm1262. [PMID: 37196067 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-risk childhood leukemia has a poor prognosis because of treatment failure and toxic side effects of therapy. Drug encapsulation into liposomal nanocarriers has shown clinical success at improving biodistribution and tolerability of chemotherapy. However, enhancements in drug efficacy have been limited because of a lack of selectivity of the liposomal formulations for the cancer cells. Here, we report on the generation of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) with dual binding to a leukemic cell receptor, such as CD19, CD20, CD22, or CD38, and methoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the targeted delivery of PEGylated liposomal drugs to leukemia cells. This liposome targeting system follows a "mix-and-match" principle where BsAbs were selected on the specific receptors expressed on leukemia cells. BsAbs improved the targeting and cytotoxic activity of a clinically approved and low-toxic PEGylated liposomal formulation of doxorubicin (Caelyx) toward leukemia cell lines and patient-derived samples that are immunophenotypically heterogeneous and representative of high-risk subtypes of childhood leukemia. BsAb-assisted improvements in leukemia cell targeting and cytotoxic potency of Caelyx correlated with receptor expression and were minimally detrimental in vitro and in vivo toward expansion and functionality of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and hematopoietic progenitors. Targeted delivery of Caelyx using BsAbs further enhanced leukemia suppression while reducing drug accumulation in the heart and kidneys and extended overall survival in patient-derived xenograft models of high-risk childhood leukemia. Our methodology using BsAbs therefore represents an attractive targeting platform to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of liposomal drugs for improved treatment of high-risk leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Moles
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Pie Huda
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Mawar Karsa
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Hannah McCalmont
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kathleen Kimpton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Alastair Duly
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yongjuan Chen
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Melinda L Tursky
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - David Ma
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Patrick Connerty
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sofia Omari
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Jolly
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sylvie Shen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia
| | - Alla Dolnikov
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Laurence C Cheung
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Charles E de Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Klaartje Somers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
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3
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Renatino Canevarolo R, Pereira de Souza Melo C, Moreno Cury N, Luiz Artico L, Ronchi Corrêa J, Tonhasca Lau Y, Sousa Mariano S, Reddy Sudalagunta P, Regina Brandalise S, Carolina de Mattos Zeri A, Andrés Yunes J. Glutathione levels are associated with methotrexate resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1032336. [PMID: 36531023 PMCID: PMC9751399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1032336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist and nucleotide synthesis inhibitor, is a cornerstone drug used against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its mechanism of action and resistance continues to be unraveled even after decades of clinical use. Methods To better understand the mechanisms of this drug, we accessed the intracellular metabolic content of 13 ALL cell lines treated with MTX by 1H-NMR, and correlated metabolome data with cell proliferation and gene expression. Further, we validated these findings by inhibiting the cellular antioxidant system of the cells in vitro and in vivo in the presence of MTX. Results MTX altered the concentration of 31 out of 70 metabolites analyzed, suggesting inhibition of the glycine cleavage system, the pentose phosphate pathway, purine and pyrimidine synthesis, phospholipid metabolism, and bile acid uptake. We found that glutathione (GSH) levels were associated with MTX resistance in both treated and untreated cells, suggesting a new constitutive metabolic-based mechanism of resistance to the drug. Gene expression analyses showed that eight genes involved in GSH metabolism were correlated to GSH concentrations, 2 of which (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 [GGT1] and thioredoxin reductase 3 [TXNRD3]) were also correlated to MTX resistance. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed the association between GSH metabolism and MTX resistance. Pharmacological inhibition or stimulation of the main antioxidant systems of the cell, GSH and thioredoxin, confirmed their importance in MTX resistance. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), a thioredoxin inhibitor used against acute promyelocytic leukemia, potentiated MTX cytotoxicity in vitro in some of the ALL cell lines tested. Likewise, the ATO+MTX combination decreased tumor burden and extended the survival of NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice transplanted with patient-derived ALL xenograft, but only in one of four ALLs tested. Conclusion Altogether, our results show that the cellular antioxidant defense systems contribute to leukemia resistance to MTX, and targeting these pathways, especially the thioredoxin antioxidant system, may be a promising strategy for resensitizing ALL to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanca Tonhasca Lau
- Centro de Pesquisa Boldrini, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Praneeth Reddy Sudalagunta
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Ana Carolina de Mattos Zeri
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Andrés Yunes
- Centro de Pesquisa Boldrini, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil,Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil,*Correspondence: José Andrés Yunes,
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4
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Baran N, Lodi A, Dhungana Y, Herbrich S, Collins M, Sweeney S, Pandey R, Skwarska A, Patel S, Tremblay M, Kuruvilla VM, Cavazos A, Kaplan M, Warmoes MO, Veiga DT, Furudate K, Rojas-Sutterin S, Haman A, Gareau Y, Marinier A, Ma H, Harutyunyan K, Daher M, Garcia LM, Al-Atrash G, Piya S, Ruvolo V, Yang W, Shanmugavelandy SS, Feng N, Gay J, Du D, Yang JJ, Hoff FW, Kaminski M, Tomczak K, Eric Davis R, Herranz D, Ferrando A, Jabbour EJ, Emilia Di Francesco M, Teachey DT, Horton TM, Kornblau S, Rezvani K, Sauvageau G, Gagea M, Andreeff M, Takahashi K, Marszalek JR, Lorenzi PL, Yu J, Tiziani S, Hoang T, Konopleva M. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I reverses NOTCH1-driven metabolic reprogramming in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2801. [PMID: 35589701 PMCID: PMC9120040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is commonly driven by activating mutations in NOTCH1 that facilitate glutamine oxidation. Here we identify oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) as a critical pathway for leukemia cell survival and demonstrate a direct relationship between NOTCH1, elevated OxPhos gene expression, and acquired chemoresistance in pre-leukemic and leukemic models. Disrupting OxPhos with IACS-010759, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, causes potent growth inhibition through induction of metabolic shut-down and redox imbalance in NOTCH1-mutated and less so in NOTCH1-wt T-ALL cells. Mechanistically, inhibition of OxPhos induces a metabolic reprogramming into glutaminolysis. We show that pharmacological blockade of OxPhos combined with inducible knock-down of glutaminase, the key glutamine enzyme, confers synthetic lethality in mice harboring NOTCH1-mutated T-ALL. We leverage on this synthetic lethal interaction to demonstrate that IACS-010759 in combination with chemotherapy containing L-asparaginase, an enzyme that uncovers the glutamine dependency of leukemic cells, causes reduced glutaminolysis and profound tumor reduction in pre-clinical models of human T-ALL. In summary, this metabolic dependency of T-ALL on OxPhos provides a rational therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Baran
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Alessia Lodi
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XSt. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Shelley Herbrich
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Meghan Collins
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Shannon Sweeney
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Renu Pandey
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Anna Skwarska
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Shraddha Patel
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mathieu Tremblay
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, The University of Montreal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Vinitha Mary Kuruvilla
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Antonio Cavazos
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mecit Kaplan
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Marc O. Warmoes
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Diogo Troggian Veiga
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Ken Furudate
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori Japan
| | - Shanti Rojas-Sutterin
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, The University of Montreal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Andre Haman
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, The University of Montreal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Yves Gareau
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, The University of Montreal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Anne Marinier
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, The University of Montreal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Helen Ma
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Karine Harutyunyan
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - May Daher
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Luciana Melo Garcia
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gheath Al-Atrash
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sujan Piya
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Wentao Yang
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Sriram Saravanan Shanmugavelandy
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ningping Feng
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Jason Gay
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Di Du
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jun J. Yang
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Fieke W. Hoff
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Marcin Kaminski
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Katarzyna Tomczak
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Eric Davis
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Daniel Herranz
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Elias J. Jabbour
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - M. Emilia Di Francesco
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - David T. Teachey
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Terzah M. Horton
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Steven Kornblau
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, The University of Montreal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Mihai Gagea
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Joseph R. Marszalek
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Trang Hoang
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, The University of Montreal, Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Marina Konopleva
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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5
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Contreras-Trujillo H, Eerdeng J, Akre S, Jiang D, Contreras J, Gala B, Vergel-Rodriguez MC, Lee Y, Jorapur A, Andreasian A, Harton L, Bramlett CS, Nogalska A, Xiao G, Lee JW, Chan LN, Müschen M, Merchant AA, Lu R. Deciphering intratumoral heterogeneity using integrated clonal tracking and single-cell transcriptome analyses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6522. [PMID: 34764253 PMCID: PMC8586369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is a major cause of treatment resistance in cancer. Despite recent advances in single-cell genomic and transcriptomic sequencing, it remains difficult to relate measured molecular profiles to the cellular activities underlying cancer. Here, we present an integrated experimental system that connects single cell gene expression to heterogeneous cancer cell growth, metastasis, and treatment response. Our system integrates single cell transcriptome profiling with DNA barcode based clonal tracking in patient-derived xenograft models. We show that leukemia cells exhibiting unique gene expression respond to different chemotherapies in distinct but consistent manners across multiple mice. In addition, we uncover a form of leukemia expansion that is spatially confined to the bone marrow of single anatomical sites and driven by cells with distinct gene expression. Our integrated experimental system can interrogate the molecular and cellular basis of the intratumoral heterogeneity underlying disease progression and treatment resistance. DNA barcoding is a promising technology for the simultaneous analysis of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, the authors combine DNA barcoding and single-cell RNA-seq to study heterogeneity, progression and response to therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patient-derived xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Contreras-Trujillo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jiya Eerdeng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Samir Akre
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Du Jiang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jorge Contreras
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Basia Gala
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mary C Vergel-Rodriguez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yeachan Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Aparna Jorapur
- Division of Hematology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Areen Andreasian
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Lisa Harton
- Division of Hematology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Charles S Bramlett
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Anna Nogalska
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jae-Woong Lee
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Lai N Chan
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Akil A Merchant
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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6
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Licari E, Sánchez-Del-Campo L, Falletta P. The two faces of the Integrated Stress Response in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106059. [PMID: 34400318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years considerable progress has been made in identifying the impact of mRNA translation in tumour progression. Cancer cells hijack the pre-existing translation machinery to thrive under the adverse conditions originating from intrinsic oncogenic programs, that increase their energetic demand, and from the hostile microenvironment. A key translation program frequently dysregulated in cancer is the Integrated Stress Response, that reprograms translation by attenuating global protein synthesis to decrease metabolic demand while increasing translation of specific mRNAs that support survival, migration, immune escape. In this review we provide an overview of the Integrated Stress Response, emphasise its dual role during tumorigenesis and cancer progression, and highlight the therapeutic strategies available to target it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Sánchez-Del-Campo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, IMIB-University of Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Paola Falletta
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Synthesis of chalcones derived from 1-naphthylacetophenone and evaluation of their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in acute leukemia cell lines. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105315. [PMID: 34496319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones and their derivatives have been described as promising compounds with antiproliferative activity against leukemic cells. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of three synthetic chalcones derived from 1-naphthylacetophenone (F07, F09, and F10) in acute leukemia cell lines (K562 and Jurkat) and examine the mechanisms of cell death induced by these compounds. The three compounds were cytotoxic to K562 and Jurkat cells, with IC50 values ranging from 1.03 to 31.66 µM. Chalcones induced intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, resulting in activation of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. F07, F09, and F10 were not cytotoxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, did not produce any significant hemolytic activity, and did not affect platelet aggregation after ADP stimulation. These results, combined with calculations of molecular properties, suggest that chalcones F07, F09, and F10 are promising molecules for the development of novel antileukemic drugs.
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8
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Turati VA, Guerra-Assunção JA, Potter NE, Gupta R, Ecker S, Daneviciute A, Tarabichi M, Webster AP, Ding C, May G, James C, Brown J, Conde L, Russell LJ, Ancliff P, Inglott S, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Hall GW, Lynch M, Hubank M, Macaulay I, Beck S, Van Loo P, Jacobsen SE, Greaves M, Herrero J, Enver T. Chemotherapy induces canalization of cell state in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:835-852. [PMID: 34734190 PMCID: PMC7611923 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Comparison of intratumor genetic heterogeneity in cancer at diagnosis and relapse suggests that chemotherapy induces bottleneck selection of subclonal genotypes. However, evolutionary events subsequent to chemotherapy could also explain changes in clonal dominance seen at relapse. We, therefore, investigated the mechanisms of selection in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) during induction chemotherapy where maximal cytoreduction occurs. To distinguish stochastic versus deterministic events, individual leukemias were transplanted into multiple xenografts and chemotherapy administered. Analyses of the immediate post-treatment leukemic residuum at single-cell resolution revealed that chemotherapy has little impact on genetic heterogeneity. Rather, it acts on extensive, previously unappreciated, transcriptional and epigenetic heterogeneity in BCP-ALL, dramatically reducing the spectrum of cell states represented, leaving a genetically polyclonal but phenotypically uniform population with hallmark signatures relating to developmental stage, cell cycle and metabolism. Hence, canalization of cell state accounts for a significant component of bottleneck selection during induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Ecker
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Amy P. Webster
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Chuling Ding
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian May
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Chela James
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - John Brown
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Conde
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J. Russell
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Phil Ancliff
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Inglott
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Mark Lynch
- Fluidigm Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mike Hubank
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephan Beck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sten E. Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mel Greaves
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Herrero
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Enver
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
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9
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Cytarabine and EIP co-administration synergistically reduces viability of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with high ERG expression. Leuk Res 2021; 109:106649. [PMID: 34271301 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The E26 transformation sequence-related gene ERG encodes a transcription factor involved in normal hematopoiesis, and its expression is abnormal in leukemia. Especially in a type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory and easy to relapse, the expression of ERG protein is abnormally increased. Chemotherapy can alleviate the condition of ALL, but the location and survival mechanism of the remaining ALL cells after chemotherapy are still not fully understood. It is becoming increasingly clear that the interaction between leukemia cells and their microenvironment plays an important role in the acquisition of drug resistance mutations and disease recurrence. We selected an acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line with high ERG expression, and studied the synergistic effect of chemotherapeutics and small molecule peptides through cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle experiments; At the same time, we inoculated acute lymphocytic leukemia cells with high ERG expression into mice with severe immunodeficiency to simulate human ALL and investigated (i) the effects of co-administration on the nesting and invasion of leukemia cells and (ii) the effects of the small molecule peptide drug EIP, which targets ERG, on the sensitivity of ALL chemotherapy and the underlying mechanisms.Ara-c and EIP synergistically reduces viability of ALL cells with high ERG expression may be achieved by promoting their apoptosis and inhibiting their nesting.
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10
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Bӧhm JW, Sia KCS, Jones C, Evans K, Mariana A, Pang I, Failes T, Zhong L, Mayoh C, Landman R, Collins R, Erickson SW, Arndt G, Raftery MJ, Wilkins MR, Norris MD, Haber M, Marshall GM, Lock RB. Combination efficacy of ruxolitinib with standard-of-care drugs in CRLF2-rearranged Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:3101-3112. [PMID: 33895784 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is a high-risk ALL subtype with high rates of relapse and poor patient outcome. Activating mutations affecting components of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway occur in the majority of Ph-like ALL cases. The use of JAK inhibitors represents a potential treatment option for Ph-like ALL, although we and others have shown that CRLF2-rearranged Ph-like ALL responds poorly to single-agent JAK inhibitors in the preclinical setting. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify effective combination treatments against CRLF2-rearranged Ph-like ALL, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of synergy. We carried out a series of high-throughput combination drug screenings and found that ruxolitinib exerted synergy with standard-of-care drugs used in the treatment of ALL. In addition, we investigated the molecular effects of ruxolitinib on Ph-like ALL by combining mass spectrometry phosphoproteomics with gene expression analysis. Based on these findings, we conducted preclinical in vivo drug testing and demonstrated that ruxolitinib enhanced the in vivo efficacy of an induction-type regimen consisting of vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase in 2/3 CRLF2-rearranged Ph-like ALL xenografts. Overall, our findings support evaluating the addition of ruxolitinib to conventional induction regimens for the treatment of CRLF2-rearranged Ph-like ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Bӧhm
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keith C S Sia
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Connor Jones
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Mariana
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ignatius Pang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Failes
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Greg Arndt
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark J Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Cheung LC, de Kraa R, Oommen J, Chua GA, Singh S, Hughes AM, Ferrari E, Ford J, Chiu SK, Stam RW, Kees UR, Malinge S, Kotecha RS. Preclinical Evaluation of Carfilzomib for Infant KMT2A-Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631594. [PMID: 33937032 PMCID: PMC8082024 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with KMT2A-rearranged B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have poor outcomes. There is an urgent need to identify novel agents to improve survival. Proteasome inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for several hematological malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the preclinical efficacy of the selective proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib, for infants with KMT2A-rearranged ALL. METHODS Eight infant ALL cell lines were extensively characterized for immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features. In vitro cytotoxicity to carfilzomib was assessed using a modified Alamar Blue assay with cells in logarithmic growth. The Bliss Independence model was applied to determine synergy between carfilzomib and the nine conventional chemotherapeutic agents used to treat infants with ALL. Established xenograft models were used to identify the maximal tolerated dose of carfilzomib and determine in vivo efficacy. RESULTS Carfilzomib demonstrated low IC50 concentrations within the nanomolar range (6.0-15.8 nm) across the panel of cell lines. Combination drug testing indicated in vitro synergy between carfilzomib and several conventional chemotherapeutic agents including vincristine, daunorubicin, dexamethasone, L-asparaginase, and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. In vivo assessment did not lead to a survival advantage for either carfilzomib monotherapy, when used to treat both low or high disease burden, or for carfilzomib in combination with multi-agent induction chemotherapy comprising of vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that in vitro efficacy does not necessarily translate to benefit in vivo and emphasizes the importance of in vivo validation prior to suggesting an agent for clinical use. Whilst proteasome inhibitors have an important role to play in several hematological malignancies, our findings guard against prioritization of carfilzomib for treatment of KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence C. Cheung
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Joyce Oommen
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grace-Alyssa Chua
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sajla Singh
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anastasia M. Hughes
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emanuela Ferrari
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jette Ford
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sung K. Chiu
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ronald W. Stam
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ursula R. Kees
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rishi S. Kotecha
- Division of Children’s Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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12
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The EMT modulator SNAI1 contributes to AML pathogenesis via its interaction with LSD1. Blood 2021; 136:957-973. [PMID: 32369597 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have recently emerged as novel players in the field of leukemia biology. The mechanisms by which EMT modulators contribute to leukemia pathogenesis, however, remain to be elucidated. Here we show that overexpression of SNAI1, a key modulator of EMT, is a pathologically relevant event in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that contributes to impaired differentiation, enhanced self-renewal, and proliferation of immature myeloid cells. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of Snai1 in hematopoietic cells predisposes mice to AML development. This effect is mediated by interaction with the histone demethylase KDM1A/LSD1. Our data shed new light on the role of SNAI1 in leukemia development and identify a novel mechanism of LSD1 corruption in cancer. This is particularly pertinent given the current interest surrounding the use of LSD1 inhibitors in the treatment of multiple different malignancies, including AML.
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13
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Tremblay CS, Chiu SK, Saw J, McCalmont H, Litalien V, Boyle J, Sonderegger SE, Chau N, Evans K, Cerruti L, Salmon JM, McCluskey A, Lock RB, Robinson PJ, Jane SM, Curtis DJ. Small molecule inhibition of Dynamin-dependent endocytosis targets multiple niche signals and impairs leukemia stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6211. [PMID: 33277497 PMCID: PMC7719179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia can usually induce complete remission, but fails in many patients to eradicate the leukemia stem cells responsible for relapse. There is accumulating evidence that these relapse-inducing cells are maintained and protected by signals provided by the microenvironment. Thus, inhibition of niche signals is a proposed strategy to target leukemia stem cells but this requires knowledge of the critical signals and may be subject to compensatory mechanisms. Signals from the niche require receptor-mediated endocytosis, a generic process dependent on the Dynamin family of large GTPases. Here, we show that Dynole 34-2, a potent inhibitor of Dynamin GTPase activity, can block transduction of key signalling pathways and overcome chemoresistance of leukemia stem cells. Our results provide a significant conceptual advance in therapeutic strategies for acute leukemia that may be applicable to other malignancies in which signals from the niche are involved in disease progression and chemoresistance. The tumour microenvironment provides signals to support leukaemic stem cells (LSC) maintenance and chemoresistance. Here, the authors show that disrupting niche-associated signalling by inhibiting receptor-mediated endocytosis with a dynamin GTPase inhibitor overcomes chemoresistance of LSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric S Tremblay
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sung Kai Chiu
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesslyn Saw
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah McCalmont
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veronique Litalien
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Boyle
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan E Sonderegger
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Loretta Cerruti
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica M Salmon
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Oshima K, Zhao J, Pérez-Durán P, Brown JA, Patiño-Galindo JA, Chu T, Quinn A, Gunning T, Belver L, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Tosello V, Wang Z, Sulis ML, Kato M, Koh K, Paganin M, Basso G, Balbin M, Nicolas C, Gastier-Foster JM, Devidas M, Loh ML, Paietta E, Tallman MS, Rowe JM, Litzow M, Minden MD, Meijerink J, Rabadan R, Ferrando A. Mutational and functional genetics mapping of chemotherapy resistance mechanisms in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:1113-1127. [PMID: 33796864 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multi-agent combination chemotherapy can be curative in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Still, patients with primary refractory disease or with relapsed leukemia have a very poor prognosis. Here we integrate an in-depth dissection of the mutational landscape across diagnostic and relapsed pediatric and adult ALL samples with genome-wide CRISPR screen analysis of gene-drug interactions across seven ALL chemotherapy drugs. By combining these analyses, we uncover diagnostic and relapse-specific mutational mechanisms as well as genetic drivers of chemoresistance. Functionally, our data identifies common and drug-specific pathways modulating chemotherapy response and underscores the effect of drug combinations in restricting the selection of resistance-driving genetic lesions. In addition, by identifying actionable targets for the reversal of chemotherapy resistance, these analyses open novel therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of relapse and refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Oshima
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Koichi Oshima, Junfei Zhao, Pablo Pérez-Durán, Jessie A. Brown
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Koichi Oshima, Junfei Zhao, Pablo Pérez-Durán, Jessie A. Brown
| | - Pablo Pérez-Durán
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Koichi Oshima, Junfei Zhao, Pablo Pérez-Durán, Jessie A. Brown
| | - Jessie A Brown
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Koichi Oshima, Junfei Zhao, Pablo Pérez-Durán, Jessie A. Brown
| | - Juan Angel Patiño-Galindo
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Chu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aidan Quinn
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Gunning
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Ambesi-Impiombato
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Present address: PsychoGenics, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | | | - Zhengqiang Wang
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Sulis
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maddalena Paganin
- Fondazione Città della Speranza, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padova, Italy.,Haematology-Oncology Division, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Haematology-Oncology Division, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Present address: IIGM Italian Institute of Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Milagros Balbin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Concepcion Nicolas
- Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Present address: Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Martin S Tallman
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mark D Minden
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jules Meijerink
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Examining treatment responses of diagnostic marrow in murine xenografts to predict relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:742-751. [PMID: 32536690 PMCID: PMC7462974 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While current chemotherapy has increased cure rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the largest number of relapsing patients are still stratified as medium risk (MR) at diagnosis (50-60%). This highlights an opportunity to develop improved relapse-prediction models for MR patients. We hypothesised that bone marrow from MR patients who eventually relapsed would regrow faster in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model after induction chemotherapy than samples from patients in long-term remission. METHODS Diagnostic bone marrow aspirates from 30 paediatric MR-ALL patients (19 who relapsed, 11 who experienced remission) were inoculated into immune-deficient (NSG) mice and subsequently treated with either control or an induction-type regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase (VXL). Engraftment was monitored by enumeration of the proportion of human CD45+ cells (%huCD45+) in the murine peripheral blood, and events were defined a priori as the time to reach 1% huCD45+, 25% huCD45+ (TT25%) or clinical manifestations of leukaemia (TTL). RESULTS The TT25% value significantly predicted MR patient relapse. Mutational profiles of PDXs matched their tumours of origin, with a clonal shift towards relapse observed in one set of VXL-treated PDXs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, establishing PDXs at diagnosis and subsequently applying chemotherapy has the potential to improve relapse prediction in paediatric MR-ALL.
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16
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Xie J, Span M, van Maarseveen E, Langenhorst J, Boddy AV, Sia KCS, Sutton R, Venn N, Punt AM, Tyrrell V, Haber M, Trahair T, Lau L, Marshall GM, Lock RB. Optimization of a clofarabine-based drug combination regimen for the preclinical evaluation of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28133. [PMID: 31876116 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to improve the predictive power of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs, also known as mouse avatars) to more accurately reflect outcomes of clofarabine-based treatment in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. PROCEDURE Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were conducted using clofarabine at 3.5 to 15 mg/kg in mice. PDXs were established from relapsed/refractory ALL patients who exhibited good or poor responses to clofarabine. PDX engraftment and response to clofarabine (either as a single agent or in combinations) were assessed based on stringent objective response measures modeled after the clinical setting. RESULTS In naïve immune-deficient NSG mice, we determined that a clofarabine dose of 3.5 mg/kg resulted in systemic exposures equivalent to those achieved in pediatric ALL patients treated with clofarabine-based regimens. This dose was markedly lower than the doses of clofarabine used in previously reported preclinical studies (typically 30-60 mg/kg) and, when scheduled consistent with the clinical regimen (daily × 5), resulted in 34-fold lower clofarabine exposures. Using a well-tolerated clofarabine/etoposide/cyclophosphamide combination regimen, we then found that the responses of PDXs better reflected the clinical responses of the patients from whom the PDXs were derived. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified an in vivo clofarabine treatment regimen that reflects the clinical responses of relapsed/refractory pediatric ALL patients. This regimen could be used prospectively to identify patients who might benefit from clofarabine-based treatment. Our findings are an important step toward individualizing prospective patient selection for the use of clofarabine in relapsed/refractory pediatric ALL patients and highlight the need for detailed PK evaluation in murine PDX models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Xie
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Miriam Span
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erik van Maarseveen
- Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Langenhorst
- Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alan V Boddy
- UniSA Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Keith C S Sia
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola Venn
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arjen M Punt
- Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Tyrrell
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Toby Trahair
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Loretta Lau
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Korotchkina L, Kazyulkin D, Komarov PG, Polinsky A, Andrianova EL, Joshi S, Gupta M, Vujcic S, Kononov E, Toshkov I, Tian Y, Krasnov P, Chernov MV, Veith J, Antoch MP, Middlemiss S, Somers K, Lock RB, Norris MD, Henderson MJ, Haber M, Chernova OB, Gudkov AV. OT-82, a novel anticancer drug candidate that targets the strong dependence of hematological malignancies on NAD biosynthesis. Leukemia 2020; 34:1828-1839. [PMID: 31896781 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment of some types of cancer can be achieved by modulating cell lineage-specific rather than tumor-specific targets. We conducted a systematic search for novel agents selectively toxic to cells of hematopoietic origin. Chemical library screenings followed by hit-to-lead optimization identified OT-82, a small molecule with strong efficacy against hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic adult and pediatric leukemias, erythroleukemia, multiple myeloma, and Burkitt's lymphoma in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. OT-82 was also more toxic towards patients-derived leukemic cells versus healthy bone marrow-derived hematopoietic precursors. OT-82 was shown to induce cell death by inhibiting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of NAD synthesis. In mice, optimization of OT-82 dosing and dietary niacin further expanded the compound's therapeutic index. In toxicological studies conducted in mice and nonhuman primates, OT-82 showed no cardiac, neurological or retinal toxicities observed with other NAMPT inhibitors and had no effect on mouse aging or longevity. Hematopoietic and lymphoid organs were identified as the primary targets for dose limiting toxicity of OT-82 in both species. These results reveal strong dependence of neoplastic cells of hematopoietic origin on NAMPT and introduce OT-82 as a promising candidate for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean Veith
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Effective targeting of NAMPT in patient-derived xenograft models of high-risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 34:1524-1539. [PMID: 31848452 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for children diagnosed with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains suboptimal, and more potent and less toxic treatments are urgently needed. We investigated the efficacy of a novel nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor, OT-82, against a panel of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) established from high-risk and poor outcome pediatric ALL cases. OT-82 was well-tolerated and demonstrated impressive single agent in vivo efficacy, achieving significant leukemia growth delay in 95% (20/21) and disease regression in 86% (18/21) of PDXs. In addition, OT-82 enhanced the efficacy of the established drugs cytarabine and dasatinib and, as a single agent, showed similar efficacy as an induction-type regimen combining three drugs used to treat pediatric ALL. OT-82 exerted its antileukemic action by depleting NAD+ and ATP, inhibiting the NAD+-requiring DNA damage repair enzyme PARP-1, increasing mitochondrial ROS levels and inducing DNA damage, culminating in apoptosis induction. OT-82 sensitivity was associated with the occurrence of mutations in major DNA damage response genes, while OT-82 resistance was characterized by high expression levels of CD38. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that OT-82, as a single agent, and in combination with established drugs, is a promising new therapeutic strategy for a broad spectrum of high-risk pediatric ALL for which improved therapies are urgently needed.
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19
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Wunderlich M, Manning N, Sexton C, Sabulski A, Byerly L, O’Brien E, Perentesis JP, Mizukawa B, Mulloy JC. Improved chemotherapy modeling with RAG-based immune deficient mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225532. [PMID: 31747424 PMCID: PMC6867639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously characterized an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy model for SCID-based immune deficient mice (NSG and NSGS), consisting of 5 days of cytarabine (AraC) and 3 days of anthracycline (doxorubicin), to simulate the standard 7+3 chemotherapy regimen many AML patients receive. While this model remains tractable, there are several limitations, presumably due to the constitutional Pkrdcscid (SCID, severe combined immune deficiency) mutation which affects DNA repair in all tissues of the mouse. These include the inability to combine preconditioning with subsequent chemotherapy, the inability to repeat chemotherapy cycles, and the increased sensitivity of the host hematopoietic cells to genotoxic stress. Here we attempt to address these drawbacks through the use of alternative strains with RAG-based immune deficiency (NRG and NRGS). We find that RAG-based mice tolerate a busulfan preconditioning regimen in combination with either AML or 4-drug acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) chemotherapy, expanding the number of samples that can be studied. RAG-based mice also tolerate multiple cycles of therapy, thereby allowing for more aggressive, realistic modeling. Furthermore, standard AML therapy in RAG mice was 3.8-fold more specific for AML cells, relative to SCID mice, demonstrating an improved therapeutic window for genotoxic agents. We conclude that RAG-based mice should be the new standard for preclinical evaluation of therapeutic strategies involving genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MW); (JM)
| | - Nicole Manning
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christina Sexton
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anthony Sabulski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Luke Byerly
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric O’Brien
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John P. Perentesis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Mizukawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James C. Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MW); (JM)
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20
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Structural Basis of Colchicine-Site targeting Acylhydrazones active against Multidrug-Resistant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. iScience 2019; 21:95-109. [PMID: 31655259 PMCID: PMC6820235 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin is one of the best validated anti-cancer targets, but most anti-tubulin agents have unfavorable therapeutic indexes. Here, we characterized the tubulin-binding activity, the mechanism of action, and the in vivo anti-leukemia efficacy of three 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-acylhydrazones. We show that all compounds target the colchicine-binding site of tubulin and that none is a substrate of ABC transporters. The crystal structure of the tubulin-bound N-(1′-naphthyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide (12) revealed steric hindrance on the T7 loop movement of β-tubulin, thereby rendering tubulin assembly incompetent. Using dose escalation and short-term repeated dose studies, we further report that this compound class is well tolerated to >100 mg/kg in mice. We finally observed that intraperitoneally administered compound 12 significantly prolonged the overall survival of mice transplanted with both sensitive and multidrug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Taken together, this work describes promising colchicine-site-targeting tubulin inhibitors featuring favorable therapeutic effects against ALL and multidrug-resistant cells. 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-acylhydrazones bind to the colchicine site of tubulin 12 forms a single H-bond with αThr179 and causes steric hindrance of tubulin βT7 loop 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-acylhydrazones feature low toxicity 12 shows therapeutic effect against multidrug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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21
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Somers K, Kosciolek A, Bongers A, El-Ayoubi A, Karsa M, Mayoh C, Wadham C, Middlemiss S, Neznanov N, Kees UR, Lock RB, Gudkov A, Sutton R, Gurova K, Haber M, Norris MD, Henderson MJ. Potent antileukemic activity of curaxin CBL0137 against MLL-rearranged leukemia. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1902-1916. [PMID: 31325323 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Around 10% of acute leukemias harbor a rearrangement of the MLL/KMT2A gene, and the presence of this translocation results in a highly aggressive, therapy-resistant leukemia subtype with survival rates below 50%. There is a high unmet need to identify safer and more potent therapies for MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemia that can be combined with established chemotherapeutics to decrease treatment-related toxicities. The curaxin, CBL0137, has demonstrated nongenotoxic anticancer and chemopotentiating effects in a number of preclinical cancer models and is currently in adult Phase I clinical trials for solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The aim of our study was to investigate whether CBL0137 has potential as a therapeutic and chemopotentiating compound in MLL-r leukemia through a comprehensive analysis of its efficacy in preclinical models of the disease. CBL0137 decreased the viability of a panel of MLL-r leukemia cell lines (n = 12) and xenograft cells derived from patients with MLL-r acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 3) in vitro with submicromolar IC50s. The small molecule drug was well-tolerated in vivo and significantly reduced leukemia burden in a subcutaneous MV4;11 MLL-r acute myeloid leukemia model and in patient-derived xenograft models of MLL-r ALL (n = 5). The in vivo efficacy of standard of care drugs used in remission induction for pediatric ALL was also potentiated by CBL0137. CBL0137 exerted its anticancer effect by trapping Facilitator of Chromatin Transcription (FACT) into chromatin, activating the p53 pathway and inducing an Interferon response. Our findings support further preclinical evaluation of CBL0137 as a new approach for the treatment of MLL-r leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaartje Somers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelika Kosciolek
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelika Bongers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali El-Ayoubi
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mawar Karsa
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Wadham
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shiloh Middlemiss
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nickolay Neznanov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ursula R Kees
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrei Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle J Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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22
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Jones L, McCalmont H, Evans K, Mayoh C, Kurmasheva RT, Billups CA, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Lock RB. Preclinical activity of the antibody-drug conjugate denintuzumab mafodotin (SGN-CD19A) against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27765. [PMID: 31012549 PMCID: PMC6588422 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denintuzumab mafodotin (SGN-CD19A) is a CD19-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, comprising a monoclonal antibody conjugated to the potent cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin F. Since denintuzumab mafodotin has previously shown activity against B-cell malignancies in early-stage clinical trials, it was of interest to test it against the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program preclinical models of CD19+ pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PROCEDURES Denintuzumab mafodotin was evaluated against eight B-cell lineage ALL patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), representing B-cell precursor ALL, Ph-like ALL, and mixed-lineage leukemia rearranged infant ALL. Denintuzumab mafodotin was administered weekly for 3 weeks at 3 mg/kg. It was also tested in combination with an induction-type chemotherapy regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and l-asparaginase (VXL) against three PDXs. The relationship between cell surface and gene expression of CD19 and drug activity was also assessed. RESULTS Denintuzumab mafodotin significantly delayed the progression of seven of eight PDXs tested and achieved objective responses in five of eight. There was no apparent subtype specificity of denintuzumab mafodotin activity. No correlations were observed between CD19 mRNA or cell surface expression and denintuzumab mafodotin activity, perhaps due to small sample size, and denintuzumab mafodotin treatment did not select for reduced CD19 expression. Combining denintuzumab mafodotin with VXL achieved therapeutic enhancement compared to either treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS Denintuzumab mafodotin showed single-agent activity against selected B-lineage ALL PDXs, although leukemia growth was evident in most models at 28 days from treatment initiation. This level of activity for denintuzumab mafodotin is consistent with that observed in adults with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Jones
- Children’s Cancer Institute, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney,
Australia
| | - Hannah McCalmont
- Children’s Cancer Institute, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney,
Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Children’s Cancer Institute, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney,
Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children’s Cancer Institute, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney,
Australia
| | - Raushan T. Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio,
San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Peter J. Houghton
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio,
San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Richard B. Lock
- Children’s Cancer Institute, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney,
Australia
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23
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Chan WK, Horvath TD, Tan L, Link T, Harutyunyan KG, Pontikos MA, Anishkin A, Du D, Martin LA, Yin E, Rempe SB, Sukharev S, Konopleva M, Weinstein JN, Lorenzi PL. Glutaminase Activity of L-Asparaginase Contributes to Durable Preclinical Activity against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1587-1592. [PMID: 31209181 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We and others have reported that the anticancer activity of L-asparaginase (ASNase) against asparagine synthetase (ASNS)-positive cell types requires ASNase glutaminase activity, whereas anticancer activity against ASNS-negative cell types does not. Here, we attempted to disentangle the relationship between asparagine metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and downstream pathways that modulate cell viability by testing the hypothesis that ASNase anticancer activity is based on asparagine depletion rather than glutamine depletion per se. We tested ASNase wild-type (ASNaseWT) and its glutaminase-deficient Q59L mutant (ASNaseQ59L) and found that ASNase glutaminase activity contributed to durable anticancer activity against xenografts of the ASNS-negative Sup-B15 leukemia cell line in NOD/SCID gamma mice, whereas asparaginase activity alone yielded a mere growth delay. Our findings suggest that ASNase glutaminase activity is necessary for durable, single-agent anticancer activity in vivo, even against ASNS-negative cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kin Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas D Horvath
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Todd Link
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karine G Harutyunyan
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Pontikos
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Di Du
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Leona A Martin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Yin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan B Rempe
- Center for Biological and Engineering Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sergei Sukharev
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John N Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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24
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Lopez-Millan B, Sanchéz-Martínez D, Roca-Ho H, Gutiérrez-Agüera F, Molina O, Diaz de la Guardia R, Torres-Ruiz R, Fuster JL, Ballerini P, Suessbier U, Nombela-Arrieta C, Bueno C, Menéndez P. NG2 antigen is a therapeutic target for MLL-rearranged B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:1557-1569. [PMID: 30635633 PMCID: PMC6755967 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, with cure rates of ∼80%. MLL-rearranged (MLLr) B-ALL (MLLr-B-ALL) has, however, an unfavorable prognosis with common therapy refractoriness and early relapse, and therefore new therapeutic targets are needed for relapsed/refractory MLLr-B-ALL. MLLr leukemias are characterized by the specific expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4, also known as neuron-glial antigen-2 (NG2). NG2 was recently shown involved in leukemia invasiveness and central nervous system infiltration in MLLr-B-ALL, and correlated with lower event-free survival (EFS). We here hypothesized that blocking NG2 may synergize with established induction therapy for B-ALL based on vincristine, glucocorticoids, and l-asparaginase (VxL). Using robust patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, we found that NG2 is crucial for MLLr-B-ALL engraftment upon intravenous (i.v.) transplantation. In vivo blockade of NG2 using either chondroitinase-ABC or an anti-NG2-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) resulted in a significant mobilization of MLLr-B-ALL blasts from bone marrow (BM) to peripheral blood (PB) as demonstrated by cytometric and 3D confocal imaging analysis. When combined with either NG2 antagonist, VxL treatment achieved higher rates of complete remission, and consequently higher EFS and delayed time to relapse. Mechanistically, anti-NG2 MoAb induces neither antibody-dependent cell-mediated not complement-dependent cytotoxicity. NG2 blockade rather overrides BM stroma-mediated chemoprotection through PB mobilization of MLLr-B-ALL blasts, thus becoming more accessible to chemotherapy. We provide a proof of concept for NG2 as a therapeutic target for MLLr-B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Lopez-Millan
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Diego Sanchéz-Martínez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heleia Roca-Ho
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Gutiérrez-Agüera
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Molina
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Diaz de la Guardia
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Fuster
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Section, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paola Ballerini
- Pediatric Hematology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ute Suessbier
- Hematology Department, University Hospital-University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cesar Nombela-Arrieta
- Hematology Department, University Hospital-University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Bueno
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Zurich, Switzerland. .,Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Restricted cell cycle is essential for clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance of pre-leukemic stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3535. [PMID: 30166543 PMCID: PMC6117297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-leukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) give rise to leukemic stem cells through acquisition of additional gene mutations and are an important source of relapse following chemotherapy. We postulated that cell-cycle kinetics of pre-LSCs may be an important determinant of clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance. Using a doxycycline-inducible H2B-GFP transgene in a mouse model of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to study cell cycle in vivo, we show that self-renewal, clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance are limited to a rare population of pre-LSCs with restricted cell cycle. We show that proliferative pre-LSCs are unable to return to a cell cycle-restricted state. Cell cycle-restricted pre-LSCs have activation of p53 and its downstream cell-cycle inhibitor p21. Furthermore, absence of p21 leads to proliferation of pre-LSCs, with clonal extinction through loss of asymmetric cell division and terminal differentiation. Thus, inducing proliferation of pre-LSCs represents a promising strategy to increase cure rates for acute leukemia.
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26
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Nguyen HA, Su Y, Zhang JY, Antanasijevic A, Caffrey M, Schalk AM, Liu L, Rondelli D, Oh A, Mahmud DL, Bosland MC, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Peirs S, Lammens T, Mondelaers V, De Moerloose B, Goossens S, Schlicht MJ, Kabirov KK, Lyubimov AV, Merrill BJ, Saunthararajah Y, Van Vlierberghe P, Lavie A. A Novel l-Asparaginase with low l-Glutaminase Coactivity Is Highly Efficacious against Both T- and B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias In Vivo. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1549-1560. [PMID: 29343523 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of pediatric cancer, although about 4 of every 10 cases occur in adults. The enzyme drug l-asparaginase serves as a cornerstone of ALL therapy and exploits the asparagine dependency of ALL cells. In addition to hydrolyzing the amino acid l-asparagine, all FDA-approved l-asparaginases also have significant l-glutaminase coactivity. Since several reports suggest that l-glutamine depletion correlates with many of the side effects of these drugs, enzyme variants with reduced l-glutaminase coactivity might be clinically beneficial if their antileukemic activity would be preserved. Here we show that novel low l-glutaminase variants developed on the backbone of the FDA-approved Erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase were highly efficacious against both T- and B-cell ALL, while displaying reduced acute toxicity features. These results support the development of a new generation of safer l-asparaginases without l-glutaminase activity for the treatment of human ALL.Significance: A new l-asparaginase-based therapy is less toxic compared with FDA-approved high l-glutaminase enzymes Cancer Res; 78(6); 1549-60. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Anh Nguyen
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Ying Su
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Jenny Y Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Amanda M Schalk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Li Liu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Damiano Rondelli
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Annie Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dolores L Mahmud
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Sofie Peirs
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Mondelaers
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael J Schlicht
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kasim K Kabirov
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexander V Lyubimov
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bradley J Merrill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnon Lavie
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
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27
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Jones L, Richmond J, Evans K, Carol H, Jing D, Kurmasheva RT, Billups CA, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Lock RB. Bioluminescence Imaging Enhances Analysis of Drug Responses in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Pediatric ALL. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3744-3755. [PMID: 28119366 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Robust preclinical models of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are essential in prioritizing promising therapies for clinical assessment in high-risk patients. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of ALL provide a clinically relevant platform for assessing novel drugs, with efficacy generally assessed by enumerating circulating human lymphoblasts in mouse peripheral blood (PB) as an indicator of disease burden. While allowing indirect measurement of disease burden in real time, this technique cannot assess treatment effects on internal reservoirs of disease. We explore benefits of bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to evaluate drug responses in ALL PDXs, compared with PB monitoring. BLI-based thresholds of drug response are also explored.Experimental Design: ALL PDXs were lentivirally transduced to stably express luciferase and green fluorescent protein. In vivo PDX responses to an induction-type regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase were assessed by BLI and PB. Residual disease at day 28 after treatment initiation was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of major organs. BLI and PB were subsequently used to evaluate efficacy of the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax.Results: BLI considerably accelerated and enhanced detection of leukemia burden compared with PB and identified sites of residual disease during treatment in a quantitative manner, highlighting limitations in current PB-based scoring criteria. Using BLI alongside enumeration of human lymphoblasts in PB and bone marrow, we were able to redefine response criteria analogous to the clinical setting.Conclusions: BLI substantially improves the stringency of preclinical drug testing in pediatric ALL PDXs, which will likely be important in prioritizing effective agents for clinical assessment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3744-55. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Jones
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Richmond
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hernan Carol
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Duohui Jing
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raushan T Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
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28
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Jones L, Carol H, Evans K, Richmond J, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Lock RB. A review of new agents evaluated against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program. Leukemia 2016; 30:2133-2141. [PMID: 27416986 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children exemplifies how multi-agent chemotherapy has improved the outcome for patients. Refinements in treatment protocols and improvements in supportive care for this most common pediatric malignancy have led to a cure rate that now approaches 90%. However, certain pediatric ALL subgroups remain relatively intractable to treatment and many patients who relapse face a similarly dismal outcome. Moreover, survivors of pediatric ALL suffer the long-term sequelae of their intensive treatment throughout their lives. Therefore, the development of drugs to treat relapsed/refractory pediatric ALL, as well as those that more specifically target leukemia cells, remains a high priority. As pediatric malignancies represent a minority of the overall cancer burden, it is not surprising that they are generally underrepresented in drug development efforts. The identification of novel therapies relies largely on the reappropriation of drugs developed for adult malignancies. However, despite the large number of experimental agents available, clinical evaluation of novel drugs for pediatric ALL is hindered by limited patient numbers and the availability of effective established drugs. The Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) was established in 2005 to provide a mechanism by which novel therapeutics could be evaluated against xenograft and cell line models of the most common childhood malignancies, including ALL, to prioritize those with the greatest activity for clinical evaluation. In this article, we review the results of >50 novel agents and combinations tested against the PPTP ALL xenografts, highlighting comparisons between PPTP results and clinical data where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jones
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Carol
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Evans
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Richmond
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P J Houghton
- Molecular Medicine, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M A Smith
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R B Lock
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Richmond J, Robbins A, Evans K, Beck D, Kurmasheva RT, Billups CA, Carol H, Heatley S, Sutton R, Marshall GM, White D, Pimanda J, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Lock RB. Acute Sensitivity of Ph-like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia to the SMAC-Mimetic Birinapant. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4579-91. [PMID: 27302164 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a genetically defined high-risk ALL subtype with a generally poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of birinapant, a small-molecule mimetic of the apoptotic regulator SMAC, against a diverse set of ALL subtypes. Birinapant exhibited potent and selective cytotoxicity against B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) cells that were cultured ex vivo or in vivo as patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX). Cytotoxicity was consistently most acute in Ph-like BCP-ALL. Unbiased gene expression analysis of BCP-ALL PDX specimens identified a 68-gene signature associated with birinapant sensitivity, including an enrichment for genes involved in inflammatory response, hematopoiesis, and cell death pathways. All Ph-like PDXs analyzed clustered within this 68-gene classifier. Mechanistically, birinapant sensitivity was associated with expression of TNF receptor TNFR1 and was abrogated by interfering with the TNFα/TNFR1 interaction. In combination therapy, birinapant enhanced the in vivo efficacy of an induction-type regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase against Ph-like ALL xenografts, offering a preclinical rationale to further evaluate this SMAC mimetic for BCP-ALL treatment. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4579-91. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Richmond
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alissa Robbins
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raushan T Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Catherine A Billups
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hernan Carol
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Heatley
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Deborah White
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Pimanda
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia.
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30
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Xenograft-directed personalized therapy for a patient with post-transplant relapse of ALL. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:1279-82. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Liu C, Janke LJ, Kawedia JD, Ramsey LB, Cai X, Mattano LA, Boyd KL, Funk AJ, Relling MV. Asparaginase Potentiates Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis in a Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151433. [PMID: 26967741 PMCID: PMC4788417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis is a common dose-limiting toxicity of glucocorticoids. Data from clinical trials suggest that other medications can increase the risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis. Here we utilized a mouse model to study the effect of asparaginase treatment on dexamethasone-induced osteonecrosis. Mice receiving asparaginase along with dexamethasone had a higher rate of osteonecrosis than those receiving only dexamethasone after 6 weeks of treatment (44% vs. 10%, P = 0.006). Similarly, epiphyseal arteriopathy, which we have shown to be an initiating event for osteonecrosis, was observed in 58% of mice receiving asparaginase and dexamethasone compared to 17% of mice receiving dexamethasone only (P = 0.007). As in the clinic, greater exposure to asparaginase was associated with greater plasma exposure to dexamethasone (P = 0.0001). This model also recapitulated other clinical risk factors for osteonecrosis, including age at start of treatment, and association with the systemic exposure to dexamethasone (P = 0.027) and asparaginase (P = 0.036). We conclude that asparaginase can potentiate the osteonecrotic effect of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jitesh D. Kawedia
- Department of Pharmacy Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura B. Ramsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiangjun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Funk
- Animal Resource Center (Veterinary Services), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mary V. Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Benito JM, Godfrey L, Kojima K, Hogdal L, Wunderlich M, Geng H, Marzo I, Harutyunyan KG, Golfman L, North P, Kerry J, Ballabio E, Chonghaile TN, Gonzalo O, Qiu Y, Jeremias I, Debose L, O'Brien E, Ma H, Zhou P, Jacamo R, Park E, Coombes KR, Zhang N, Thomas DA, O'Brien S, Kantarjian HM, Leverson JD, Kornblau SM, Andreeff M, Müschen M, Zweidler-McKay PA, Mulloy JC, Letai A, Milne TA, Konopleva M. MLL-Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias Activate BCL-2 through H3K79 Methylation and Are Sensitive to the BCL-2-Specific Antagonist ABT-199. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2715-27. [PMID: 26711339 PMCID: PMC4700051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies designed to exploit specific molecular pathways in aggressive cancers are an exciting area of current research. Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) mutations such as the t(4;11) translocation cause aggressive leukemias that are refractory to conventional treatment. The t(4;11) translocation produces an MLL/AF4 fusion protein that activates key target genes through both epigenetic and transcriptional elongation mechanisms. In this study, we show that t(4;11) patient cells express high levels of BCL-2 and are highly sensitive to treatment with the BCL-2-specific BH3 mimetic ABT-199. We demonstrate that MLL/AF4 specifically upregulates the BCL-2 gene but not other BCL-2 family members via DOT1L-mediated H3K79me2/3. We use this information to show that a t(4;11) cell line is sensitive to a combination of ABT-199 and DOT1L inhibitors. In addition, ABT-199 synergizes with standard induction-type therapy in a xenotransplant model, advocating for the introduction of ABT-199 into therapeutic regimens for MLL-rearranged leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Benito
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura Godfrey
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Molecular Haematology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Leah Hogdal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Karine G Harutyunyan
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leonard Golfman
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Phillip North
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Molecular Haematology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jon Kerry
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Molecular Haematology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Erica Ballabio
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Molecular Haematology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Triona Ní Chonghaile
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, York House, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Oscar Gonzalo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - LaKiesha Debose
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric O'Brien
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Helen Ma
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rodrigo Jacamo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eugene Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nianxiang Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Deborah A Thomas
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joel D Leverson
- Department of Oncology Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Patrick A Zweidler-McKay
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas A Milne
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Molecular Haematology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Batool T, Makky EA, Jalal M, Yusoff MM. A Comprehensive Review on l-Asparaginase and Its Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:900-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hettmer S, Schinzel AC, Tchessalova D, Schneider M, Parker CL, Bronson RT, Richards NG, Hahn WC, Wagers AJ. Functional genomic screening reveals asparagine dependence as a metabolic vulnerability in sarcoma. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26499495 PMCID: PMC4695385 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for sarcomas are often inadequate. This study sought to identify actionable gene targets by selective targeting of the molecular networks that support sarcoma cell proliferation. Silencing of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), an amidotransferase that converts aspartate into asparagine, produced the strongest inhibitory effect on sarcoma growth in a functional genomic screen of mouse sarcomas generated by oncogenic Kras and disruption of Cdkn2a. ASNS silencing in mouse and human sarcoma cell lines reduced the percentage of S phase cells and impeded new polypeptide synthesis. These effects of ASNS silencing were reversed by exogenous supplementation with asparagine. Also, asparagine depletion via the ASNS inhibitor amino sulfoximine 5 (AS5) or asparaginase inhibited mouse and human sarcoma growth in vitro, and genetic silencing of ASNS in mouse sarcoma cells combined with depletion of plasma asparagine inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Asparagine reliance of sarcoma cells may represent a metabolic vulnerability with potential anti-sarcoma therapeutic value. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09436.001 Sarcoma is a type of cancer that forms in the connective tissues of the body, such as bone, cartilage, muscle and fat. Usually, treatment involves surgical removal of the tumor and/or radiation to kill the tumor cells. However, if sarcomas spread to other parts of the body, the treatment options are limited. Genetic studies have revealed several genetic changes that contribute to the formation of sarcomas. Many sarcomas have a mutation in a gene that encodes a protein called Ras. In 2011, researchers found that injecting Ras mutant muscle cells into the muscles of mice could lead to the formation of sarcomas. Next, the researchers compared gene expression in the mouse sarcoma cells with gene expression in normal mouse muscle cells and found that certain genes appeared to be more highly expressed in the sarcoma cells. These genes were also hyperactive in human sarcoma cells and may promote the growth of sarcomas carrying mutant forms of Ras. Now, Hettmer et al. – including some of the same researchers involved in the earlier work – show that targeting one of these hyperactive genes can slow sarcoma growth. The experiments made use of a technique called ribonucleic acid interference (or RNAi for short) to specifically switch off the expression of the hyperactive genes and then observed how this affected sarcoma growth. Hettmer et al. found that blocking the expression of one particular gene, which encodes an enzyme called asparagine synthetase, slowed down the growth of the sarcoma the most. Asparagine synthetase makes the amino acid asparagine, which is needed to make proteins in cells. Further experiments showed that reducing the amount of asparagine in human and mouse sarcoma cells slowed down the growth of these cells. A drug that lowers the amount of asparagine in cells is already used to treat some blood cancers. Hettmer et al.’s findings suggest that drugs that alter the availability of asparagine in the body might also be useful to treat sarcomas with mutant forms of Ras. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09436.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hettmer
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Anna C Schinzel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Daria Tchessalova
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Michaela Schneider
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christina L Parker
- Summer Honors Undergraduate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, United States
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Veterinary School, North Grafton, United States
| | - Nigel Gj Richards
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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Zhang F, Zhu FB, Li JJ, Zhang PP, Zhu JF. Hyperoside enhances the suppressive effects of arsenic trioxide on acute myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:15290-15295. [PMID: 26629016 PMCID: PMC4658905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoside (Hyp) is the chief component of some Chinese herbs which has anticancer effect and the present study is to identify whether it could enhance the anti leukemic properties of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We provide evidence on the concomitant treatment of HL-60 human AML cells with hyperoside potentiates As2O3-dependent induction of apoptosis. The activation of caspase-9, Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), p-BAD, p27 was assessed by Western blot. Results showed that hyperoside inhibited BAD from phosphorylating, reactivated caspase-9, and increased p27 levels. Importantly, hyperoside demonstrated its induction of autophagy effect by upregulation of LC-II in HL-60 AML cell line. Taken together, hyperoside may serve as a great candidate of concomitant treatment for leukemia; these effects were probably related to induction of autophagy and enhancing apoptosis-inducing action of As2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu 233004, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Bing Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu 233004, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu 233004, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu 233004, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu 233004, Anhui, P. R. China
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AKR1C3 is a biomarker of sensitivity to PR-104 in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2015; 126:1193-202. [PMID: 26116659 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-618900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PR-104, a phosphate ester of the nitrogen mustard prodrug PR-104A, has shown evidence of efficacy in adult leukemia clinical trials. Originally designed to target hypoxic cells, PR-104A is independently activated by aldo-keto-reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3). The aim of this study was to test whether AKR1C3 is a predictive biomarker of in vivo PR-104 sensitivity. In a panel of 7 patient-derived pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) xenografts, PR-104 showed significantly greater efficacy against T-lineage ALL (T-ALL) than B-cell-precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) xenografts. Single-agent PR-104 was more efficacious against T-ALL xenografts compared with a combination regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and l-asparaginase. Expression of AKR1C3 was significantly higher in T-ALL xenografts compared with BCP-ALL, and correlated with PR-104/PR-104A sensitivity in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of AKR1C3 in a resistant BCP-ALL xenograft resulted in dramatic sensitization to PR-104 in vivo. Testing leukemic blasts from 11 patients confirmed that T-ALL cells were more sensitive than BCP-ALL to PR-104A in vitro, and that sensitivity correlated with AKR1C3 expression. Collectively, these results indicate that PR-104 shows promise as a novel therapy for relapsed/refractory T-ALL, and that AKR1C3 expression could be used as a biomarker to select patients most likely to benefit from such treatment in prospective clinical trials.
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Milani M, Laranjeira ABA, de Vasconcellos JF, Brandalise SR, Nowill AE, Yunes JA. Plasma Hsp90 Level as a Marker of Early Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Engraftment and Progression in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129298. [PMID: 26068922 PMCID: PMC4466233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current monitoring of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in living mice is based on FACS analysis of blood hCD45+ cells. In this work, we evaluated the use of human IGFBP2, B2M or Hsp90 as soluble markers of leukemia. ELISA for B2M and IGFBP2 resulted in high background levels in healthy animals, precluding its use. Conversely, plasma levels of Hsp90 showed low background and linear correlation to FACS results. In another experiment, we compared Hsp90 levels with percentage of hCD45+ cells in blood, bone marrow, liver and spleen of animals weekly sacrificed. Hsp90 levels proved to be a superior method for the earlier detection of ALL engraftment and correlated linearly to ALL burden and progression in all compartments, even at minimal residual disease levels. Importantly, the Hsp90/hCD45+ ratio was not altered when animals were treated with dexamethasone or a PI3K inhibitor, indicating that chemotherapy does not directly interfere with leukemia production of Hsp90. In conclusion, plasma Hsp90 was validated as a soluble biomarker of ALL, useful for earlier detection of leukemia engraftment, monitoring leukemia kinetics at residual disease levels, and pre-clinical or mouse avatar evaluations of anti-leukemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Milani
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Eduardo Nowill
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisas Oncohematologicas da Infância (CIPOI), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Andrés Yunes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética Médica, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Pojo M, Gonçalves CS, Xavier-Magalhães A, Oliveira AI, Gonçalves T, Correia S, Rodrigues AJ, Costa S, Pinto L, Pinto AA, Lopes JM, Reis RM, Rocha M, Sousa N, Costa BM. A transcriptomic signature mediated by HOXA9 promotes human glioblastoma initiation, aggressiveness and resistance to temozolomide. Oncotarget 2015; 6:7657-74. [PMID: 25762636 PMCID: PMC4480707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain tumor, exhibiting remarkable resistance to treatment. Here we investigated the oncogenic potential of HOXA9 in gliomagenesis, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which HOXA9 renders glioblastoma more aggressive, and how HOXA9 affects response to chemotherapy and survival. The prognostic value of HOXA9 in glioblastoma patients was validated in two large datasets from TCGA and Rembrandt, where high HOXA9 levels were associated with shorter survival. Transcriptomic analyses identified novel HOXA9-target genes with key roles in cancer-related processes, including cell proliferation, DNA repair, and stem cell maintenance. Functional studies with HOXA9-overexpressing and HOXA9-silenced glioblastoma cell models revealed that HOXA9 promotes cell viability, stemness and invasion, and inhibits apoptosis. Additionally, HOXA9 promoted the malignant transformation of human immortalized astrocytes in an orthotopic in vivo model, and caused tumor-associated death. HOXA9 also mediated resistance to temozolomide treatment in vitro and in vivo via upregulation of BCL2. Importantly, the pharmacological inhibition of BCL2 with the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 reverted temozolomide resistance in HOXA9-positive cells. These data establish HOXA9 as a driver of glioma initiation, aggressiveness and resistance to therapy. In the future, the combination of BH3 mimetics with temozolomide should be further explored as an alternative treatment for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pojo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Céline S. Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Xavier-Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Tiago Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Correia
- Centre of Biological Engineering/Department of Informatics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana J. Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Afonso A. Pinto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Braga, Sete Fontes, 4710-243 São Victor, Braga, Portugal
| | - José M. Lopes
- Department of Pathology, Hospital S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Barretos Cancer Hospital, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331 - Doutor Paulo Prata, Barretos - SP, 14780-000, Brasil
| | - Miguel Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering/Department of Informatics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno M. Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Richmond J, Carol H, Evans K, High L, Mendomo A, Robbins A, Meyer C, Venn NC, Marschalek R, Henderson M, Sutton R, Kurmasheva RT, Kees UR, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Lock RB. Effective targeting of the P53-MDM2 axis in preclinical models of infant MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1395-405. [PMID: 25573381 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the overall cure rate for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) approaches 90%, infants with ALL harboring translocations in the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) oncogene (infant MLL-ALL) experience shorter remission duration and lower survival rates (∼50%). Mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene are uncommon in infant MLL-ALL, and drugs that release p53 from inhibitory mechanisms may be beneficial. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the orally available nutlin, RG7112, against patient-derived MLL-ALL xenografts. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eight MLL-ALL patient-derived xenografts were established in immune-deficient mice, and their molecular features compared with B-lineage ALL and T-ALL xenografts. The sensitivity of MLL-ALL xenografts to RG7112 was assessed in vitro and in vivo, and the ability of RG7112 to induce p53, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis in vivo was evaluated. RESULTS Gene-expression analysis revealed that MLL-ALL, B-lineage ALL, and T-ALL xenografts clustered according to subtype. Moreover, genes previously reported to be overexpressed in MLL-ALL, including MEIS1, CCNA1, and members of the HOXA family, were significantly upregulated in MLL-ALL xenografts, confirming their ability to recapitulate the clinical disease. Exposure of MLL-ALL xenografts to RG7112 in vivo caused p53 upregulation, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. RG7112 as a single agent induced significant regressions in infant MLL-ALL xenografts. Therapeutic enhancement was observed when RG7112 was assessed using combination treatment with an induction-type regimen (vincristine/dexamethasone/L-asparaginase) against an MLL-ALL xenograft. CONCLUSIONS The utility of targeting the p53-MDM2 axis in combination with established drugs for the management of infant MLL-ALL warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Richmond
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hernan Carol
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura High
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Agnes Mendomo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alissa Robbins
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claus Meyer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology/Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia (DCAL), Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nicola C Venn
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology/Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia (DCAL), Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michelle Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ursula R Kees
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
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40
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Nowak D, Liem NLM, Mossner M, Klaumünzer M, Papa RA, Nowak V, Jann JC, Akagi T, Kawamata N, Okamoto R, Thoennissen NH, Kato M, Sanada M, Hofmann WK, Ogawa S, Marshall GM, Lock RB, Koeffler HP. Variegated clonality and rapid emergence of new molecular lesions in xenografts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are associated with drug resistance. Exp Hematol 2014; 43:32-43.e1-35. [PMID: 25450514 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of genome-wide copy-number analysis and massive parallel sequencing has revolutionized the understanding of the clonal architecture of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by demonstrating that this disease is composed of highly variable clonal ancestries following the rules of Darwinian selection. The current study aimed to analyze the molecular composition of childhood ALL biopsies and patient-derived xenografts with particular emphasis on mechanisms associated with acquired chemoresistance. Genomic DNA from seven primary pediatric ALL patient samples, 29 serially passaged xenografts, and six in vivo selected chemoresistant xenografts were analyzed with 250K single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays. Copy-number analysis of non-drug-selected xenografts confirmed a highly variable molecular pattern of variegated subclones. Whereas primary patient samples from initial diagnosis displayed a mean of 5.7 copy-number alterations per sample, serially passaged xenografts contained a mean of 8.2 and chemoresistant xenografts a mean of 10.5 copy-number alterations per sample, respectively. Resistance to cytarabine was explained by a new homozygous deletion of the DCK gene, whereas methotrexate resistance was associated with monoallelic deletion of FPGS and mutation of the remaining allele. This study demonstrates that selecting for chemoresistance in xenografted human ALL cells can reveal novel mechanisms associated with drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nowak
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Natalia L M Liem
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maximilian Mossner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Klaumünzer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rachael A Papa
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Verena Nowak
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann C Jann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tadayuki Akagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kawamata
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryoko Okamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nils H Thoennissen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhao W, Wei L, Tan D, Su G, Zheng Y, He C, Mao ZJ, Singleton TP, Yin B. Cellular intrinsic mechanism affecting the outcome of AML treated with Ara-C in a syngeneic mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109198. [PMID: 25314317 PMCID: PMC4196759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment failure are not clear. Here, we established a mouse model of AML by syngeneic transplantation of BXH-2 derived myeloid leukemic cells and developed an efficacious Ara-C-based regimen for treatment of these mice. We proved that leukemic cell load was correlated with survival. We also demonstrated that the susceptibility of leukemia cells to Ara-C could significantly affect the survival. To examine the molecular alterations in cells with different sensitivity, genome-wide expression of the leukemic cells was profiled, revealing that overall 366 and 212 genes became upregulated or downregulated, respectively, in the resistant cells. Many of these genes are involved in the regulation of cell cycle, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. Some of them were further validated by quantitative PCR. Interestingly, the Ara-C resistant cells retained the sensitivity to ABT-737, an inhibitor of anti-apoptosis proteins, and treatment with ABT-737 prolonged the life span of mice engrafted with resistant cells. These results suggest that leukemic load and intrinsic cellular resistance can affect the outcome of AML treated with Ara-C. Incorporation of apoptosis inhibitors, such as ABT-737, into traditional cytotoxic regimens merits consideration for the treatment of AML in a subset of patients with resistance to Ara-C. This work provided direct in vivo evidence that leukemic load and intrinsic cellular resistance can affect the outcome of AML treated with Ara-C, suggesting that incorporation of apoptosis inhibitors into traditional cytotoxic regimens merits consideration for the treatment of AML in a subset of patients with resistance to Ara-C.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitrophenols/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Survival Rate
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lirong Wei
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongming Tan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Guangsong Su
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yanwen Zheng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chao He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhengwei J. Mao
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy P. Singleton
- Department of Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bin Yin
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Key Lab of the Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- * E-mail:
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42
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A pre-clinical model of resistance to induction therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e232. [PMID: 25083816 PMCID: PMC4219466 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse and acquired drug resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains a significant clinical problem. This study was designed to establish a preclinical model of resistance to induction therapy in childhood T-ALL to examine the emergence of drug resistance and identify novel therapies. Patient-derived T-ALL xenografts in immune-deficient (non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient) mice were exposed to a four-drug combination of vincristine, dexamethasone (DEX), L-asparaginase and daunorubicin (VXLD). ‘Relapse' xenografts were characterized by responses to drugs, changes in gene expression profiles and Connectivity Map (CMap) prediction of strategies to reverse drug resistance. Two of four xenografts developed ex vivo and in vivo drug resistance. Both resistant lines showed altered lipid and cholesterol metabolism, yet they had a distinct drug resistance pattern. CMap analyses reinforced these features, identifying the cholesterol pathway inhibitor simvastatin (SVT) as a potential therapy to overcome resistance. Combined ex vivo with DEX, SVT was significantly synergistic, yet when administered in vivo with VXLD it did not delay leukemia progression. Synergy of SVT with established chemotherapy may depend on higher drug doses than are tolerable in this model. Taken together, we have developed a clinically relevant in vivo model of T-ALL suitable to examine the emergence of drug resistance and to identify novel therapies.
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43
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Suryani S, Carol H, Chonghaile TN, Frismantas V, Sarmah C, High L, Bornhauser B, Cowley MJ, Szymanska B, Evans K, Boehm I, Tonna E, Jones L, Manesh DM, Kurmasheva RT, Billups C, Kaplan W, Letai A, Bourquin JP, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Lock RB. Cell and molecular determinants of in vivo efficacy of the BH3 mimetic ABT-263 against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4520-31. [PMID: 25013123 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Predictive biomarkers are required to identify patients who may benefit from the use of BH3 mimetics such as ABT-263. This study investigated the efficacy of ABT-263 against a panel of patient-derived pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) xenografts and utilized cell and molecular approaches to identify biomarkers that predict in vivo ABT-263 sensitivity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The in vivo efficacy of ABT-263 was tested against a panel of 31 patient-derived ALL xenografts composed of MLL-, BCP-, and T-ALL subtypes. Basal gene expression profiles of ALL xenografts were analyzed and confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, protein expression and BH3 profiling. An in vitro coculture assay with immortalized human mesenchymal cells was utilized to build a predictive model of in vivo ABT-263 sensitivity. RESULTS ABT-263 demonstrated impressive activity against pediatric ALL xenografts, with 19 of 31 achieving objective responses. Among BCL2 family members, in vivo ABT-263 sensitivity correlated best with low MCL1 mRNA expression levels. BH3 profiling revealed that resistance to ABT-263 correlated with mitochondrial priming by NOXA peptide, suggesting a functional role for MCL1 protein. Using an in vitro coculture assay, a predictive model of in vivo ABT-263 sensitivity was built. Testing this model against 11 xenografts predicted in vivo ABT-263 responses with high sensitivity (50%) and specificity (100%). CONCLUSION These results highlight the in vivo efficacy of ABT-263 against a broad range of pediatric ALL subtypes and shows that a combination of in vitro functional assays can be used to predict its in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Suryani
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hernan Carol
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Triona Ni Chonghaile
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viktoras Frismantas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chintanu Sarmah
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura High
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Beat Bornhauser
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Peter Wills Bioinformatics Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Barbara Szymanska
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ingrid Boehm
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elise Tonna
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke Jones
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Donya Moradi Manesh
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Catherine Billups
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Warren Kaplan
- Peter Wills Bioinformatics Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
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44
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The glutaminase activity of L-asparaginase is not required for anticancer activity against ASNS-negative cells. Blood 2014; 123:3596-606. [PMID: 24659632 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-535112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASP) is a key component of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Its mechanism of action, however, is still poorly understood, in part because of its dual asparaginase and glutaminase activities. Here, we show that L-ASP's glutaminase activity is not always required for the enzyme's anticancer effect. We first used molecular dynamics simulations of the clinically standard Escherichia coli L-ASP to predict what mutated forms could be engineered to retain activity against asparagine but not glutamine. Dynamic mapping of enzyme substrate contacts identified Q59 as a promising mutagenesis target for that purpose. Saturation mutagenesis followed by enzymatic screening identified Q59L as a variant that retains asparaginase activity but shows undetectable glutaminase activity. Unlike wild-type L-ASP, Q59L is inactive against cancer cells that express measurable asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Q59L is potently active, however, against ASNS-negative cells. Those observations indicate that the glutaminase activity of L-ASP is necessary for anticancer activity against ASNS-positive cell types but not ASNS-negative cell types. Because the clinical toxicity of L-ASP is thought to stem from its glutaminase activity, these findings suggest the hypothesis that glutaminase-negative variants of L-ASP would provide larger therapeutic indices than wild-type L-ASP for ASNS-negative cancers.
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45
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Lu H, Kojima K, Battula VL, Korchin B, Shi Y, Chen Y, Spong S, Thomas DA, Kantarjian H, Lock RB, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. Targeting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia preclinical models: anti-CTGF monoclonal antibody attenuates leukemia growth. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:485-492. [PMID: 24154679 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is involved in extracellular matrix production, tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that CTGF expression is elevated in precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and that increased expression of CTGF is associated with inferior outcome in B-ALL. In this study, we characterized the functional role and downstream signaling pathways of CTGF in ALL cells. First, we utilized lentiviral shRNA to knockdown CTGF in RS4;11 and REH ALL cells expressing high levels of CTGF mRNA. Silencing of CTGF resulted in significant suppression of leukemia cell growth compared to control vector, which was associated with AKT/mTOR inactivation and increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. CTGF knockdown sensitized ALL cells to vincristine and methotrexate. Treatment with an anti-CTGF monoclonal antibody, FG-3019, significantly prolonged survival of mice injected with primary xenograft B-ALL cells when co-treated with conventional chemotherapy (vincristine, L-asparaginase and dexamethasone). Data suggest that CTGF represents a targetable molecular aberration in B-ALL, and blocking CTGF signaling in conjunction with administration of chemotherapy may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Lu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Borys Korchin
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yuexi Shi
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ye Chen
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Deborah A Thomas
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Richard B Lock
- Leukemia Biology, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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46
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Guihard S, Peyrouze P, Cheok MH. Pharmacogenomic considerations of xenograft mouse models of acute leukemia. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1759-72. [PMID: 23171339 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of combination chemotherapy to cure acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and acute myeloid leukemia in adults emerged for acute myeloid leukemia in the 1960s and for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the 1980s as a paradigm for curing any disseminated cancer. This article summarizes recent developments and considerations in the use of acute leukemia xenografts established in immunodeficient mice to elucidate the genetic and genomic basis of acute leukemia pathogenesis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soizic Guihard
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM U837, Institute for Cancer Research, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille Cedex, France
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47
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Carol H, Szymanska B, Evans K, Boehm I, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Lock RB. The anti-CD19 antibody-drug conjugate SAR3419 prevents hematolymphoid relapse postinduction therapy in preclinical models of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1795-805. [PMID: 23426279 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Relapsed or refractory pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains a major cause of death from cancer in children. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of SAR3419, an antibody-drug conjugate of the maytansinoid DM4 and a humanized anti-CD19 antibody, against B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL and infant mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) xenografts. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ALL xenografts were established as systemic disease in immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice from direct patient explants. SAR3419 was administered as a single agent and in combination with an induction-type regimen of vincristine/dexamethasone/l-asparaginase (VXL). Leukemia progression and response to treatment were assessed in real-time, and responses were evaluated using strict criteria modeled after the clinical setting. RESULTS SAR3419 significantly delayed the progression of 4 of 4 CD19(+) BCP-ALL and 3 of 3 MLL-ALL xenografts, induced objective responses in all but one xenograft but was ineffective against T-lineage ALL xenografts. Relative surface CD19 expression across the xenograft panel significantly correlated with leukemia progression delay and objective response measure scores. SAR3419 also exerted significant efficacy against chemoresistant BCP-ALL xenografts over a large (10-fold) dose range and significantly enhanced VXL-induced leukemia progression delay in two highly chemoresistant xenografts by up to 82 days. When administered as protracted therapy following remission induction with VXL, SAR3419 prevented disease recurrence into hematolymphoid and other major organs with the notable exception of central nervous system involvement. CONCLUSION These results suggest that incorporation of SAR3419 into remission induction protocols may improve the outcome for high-risk pediatric and adult CD19(+) ALL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Induction Chemotherapy
- Maytansine/administration & dosage
- Maytansine/analogs & derivatives
- Maytansine/pharmacology
- Mice
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/mortality
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recurrence
- Treatment Outcome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Carol
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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