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Zhao X, Wang N, Li Z, Li L. Knockdown of PAC1 improved inflammatory pain in mice by regulating the RAGE/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2023; 197:49-56. [PMID: 36967091 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of inflammatory pain seriously affects the activities and general functions of patients in daily life. At present, the research on the mechanism of pain relief is still insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the influence of PAC1 on the progression of inflammatory pain and its molecular mechanism. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce BV2 microglia activation to establish an inflammation model, and CFA injection was used to establish a mouse inflammatory pain model. The results showed that PAC1 was highly expressed in BV2 microglia induced by LPS. Knockdown of PAC1 significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in BV2 cells, and RAGE/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was involved in the regulation of BV2 cells by PAC1. What's more, knockdown of PAC1 alleviated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in mice, as well as reduced the development of inflammatory pain to a certain extent. Therefore, Knockdown of PAC1 relieved inflammatory pain in mice by inhibiting the RAGE/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Targeting PAC1 may be a new direction for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
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Ulker E, Caillaud M, Patel T, White A, Rashid D, Alqasem M, Lichtman AH, Bryant CD, Damaj MI. C57BL/6 substrain differences in formalin-induced pain-like behavioral responses. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112698. [PMID: 32428630 PMCID: PMC7375808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence from preclinical models of pain suggests that basal and noxious nociceptive sensitivity, as well as antinociceptive responses to drugs, show significant heritability. Individual differences to these responses have been observed across species from rodents to humans. The use of closely related C57BL/6 inbred mouse substrains can facilitate gene mapping of acute nociceptive behaviors in preclinical pain models. In this study, we investigated behavioral differences between C57BL/6 J (B6 J) and C57BL/6 N (B6 N) substrains in the formalin test, a widely used tonic inflammatory pain model, using a battery of pain-related phenotypes, including reflexive tests, nesting, voluntary wheel running, sucrose preference and anxiety-like behavior in the light/dark test at two different time points (1-h and 24-h). Our results show that these substrains did not differ in reflexive thermal and mechanical responses at the 1-h time point. However, B6 N substrain mice showed increased sensitivity to spontaneous pain-like behaviors. In addition, B6 N substrain continued to show higher levels of mechanical hypersensitivity compared to controls at 24-h. indicating that mechanical hypersensitivity is a more persistent pain-related phenotype induced by formalin. Finally, no sex differences were observed in our outcome measures. Our results provide a comprehensive behavioral testing paradigm in response to an inflammatory agent for future mouse genetic studies in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esad Ulker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA.
| | - Martial Caillaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Trusha Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Alyssa White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Danyal Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Mashael Alqasem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
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Fan XC, Fu S, Liu FY, Cui S, Yi M, Wan Y. Hypersensitivity of Prelimbic Cortex Neurons Contributes to Aggravated Nociceptive Responses in Rats With Experience of Chronic Inflammatory Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:85. [PMID: 29623029 PMCID: PMC5874315 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous experience of chronic pain causes enhanced responses to upcoming noxious events in both humans and animals, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we found that rats with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain experience exhibited aggravated pain responses to later formalin test. Enhanced neuronal activation upon formalin assaults and increased phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) were observed in the prelimbic cortex (PL) of rats with chronic inflammatory pain experience, and inhibiting PL neuronal activities reversed the aggravated pain. Inflammatory pain experience induced persistent p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; p38) but not extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) hyperphosphorylation in the PL. Inhibiting the p38 phosphorylation in PL reversed the aggravated nociceptive responses to formalin test and down-regulated enhanced phosphorylated CREB in the PL. Chemogenetics identified PL-periaqueductal gray (PAG) but not PL-nucleus accumbens (NAc) as a key pathway in inducing the aggravated formalin pain. Our results demonstrate that persistent hyperphosphorylation of p38 in the PL underlies aggravated nociceptive responses in rats with chronic inflammatory pain experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cen Fan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Su Fu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Yu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Paquet A, Plansont B, Labrunie A, Malauzat D, Girard M. Past Pain Experience and Experimentally induced Pain Perception. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2017; 38:1013-1021. [PMID: 28766994 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1354103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many intercurrent factors may be involved in the modulation of the pain message and its expression, such as the previous experience of pain built along the life. In this study, we aimed to determine whether susceptibility to experimentally induced pain is differentially influenced by the individual previous painful experience in subjects with schizophrenia (SC) major depression (MD), and controls (C). METHODS The SC (30), MD (32) and C (30) groups participated in experimental pain tests (application of pressure and induction of ischemia) after a semi-structured interview to make an inventory of the previous painful experiences, and the evaluation of anxiety either with autonomic (heart rate, blood pressure) or psychological (Hospital Anxiety Depression scale HAD) measures, and catastrophism. RESULTS The reported pain intensities, severities, duration, of the previous pain events, and the number of previous painful events were equivalent in the three groups, except for the number of painful events experimented before the last six months which was lower in the MD group. Experimental pain sensitivity was influenced by the diagnosis, the HAD scores or the number and intensities of previous lived painful events. CONCLUSION The lack of a past experience of pain was comparable for the different groups, suggesting that psychiatric disorders do not affect the experience of pain associated with daily life or past events. For each subject, the reported previous experience of pain influences the present feeling of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Paquet
- a Unité de recherche et de neurostimulation , Centre Hospitalier Esquirol , Limoges , France
| | - Brigitte Plansont
- a Unité de recherche et de neurostimulation , Centre Hospitalier Esquirol , Limoges , France
| | - Anaïs Labrunie
- b INSERM, U1094 , Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale , Limoges , France ; CHU Limoges , Centre d'Epidémiologie, de Biostatistique et de Méthodologie de la Recherche , Limoges , France
| | - Dominique Malauzat
- a Unité de recherche et de neurostimulation , Centre Hospitalier Esquirol , Limoges , France
| | - Murielle Girard
- a Unité de recherche et de neurostimulation , Centre Hospitalier Esquirol , Limoges , France
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Wang N, Li SG, Lin XX, Su YL, Qi WJ, Wang JY, Luo F. Increasing Pain Sensation Eliminates the Inhibitory Effect of Depression on Evoked Pain in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:183. [PMID: 27733820 PMCID: PMC5039174 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have suggested that depression may be associated with inhibition of evoked pain but facilitation of spontaneous pain, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are unclear. The present study investigated whether the difference between evoked and spontaneous pain on sensory (descending inhibition) and affective (avoidance motivation) components contributes to the divergent effects of depression on them. Depressive-like behavior was produced in male Wistar rats by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Tone-laser conditioning and formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA) were used to explore avoidance motivation in evoked and spontaneous pain, respectively. Behavioral pharmacology experiments were conducted to examine descending inhibition of both evoked (thermal stimulation) and spontaneous pain behavior (formalin pain). The results revealed that the inhibitory effect of depression on evoked pain was eliminated following repeated thermal stimuli. Avoidance behavior in the tone-laser conditioning task was reduced in UCMS rats, relative to controls. However, avoidance motivation for formalin pain in the UCMS group was similar to controls. 5-HT1A receptor antagonism interfered with inhibition of pain responses over time. The present study demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of depression on evoked pain dissipates with increased nociception and that the sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational components of pain are jointly involved in the divergent effects of depression on pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Guang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jing Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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Guo Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wang JY. A Brain Signature to Differentiate Acute and Chronic Pain in Rats. Front Comput Neurosci 2016; 10:41. [PMID: 27199727 PMCID: PMC4849226 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from acute pain to chronic pain entails considerable changes of patients at multiple levels of the nervous system and in psychological states. An accurate differentiation between acute and chronic pain is essential in pain management as it may help optimize analgesic treatments according to the pain state of patients. Given that acute and chronic pain could modulate brain states in different ways and that brain states could greatly shape the neural processing of external inputs, we hypothesized that acute and chronic pain would show differential effects on cortical responses to non-nociceptive sensory information. Here by analyzing auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) to pure tones in rats with acute or chronic pain, we found opposite influences of acute and chronic pain on cortical responses to auditory inputs. In particular, compared to no-pain controls, the N100 wave of rat AEPs was significantly enhanced in rats with acute pain but significantly reduced in rats with chronic pain, indicating that acute pain facilitated cortical processing of auditory information while chronic pain exerted an inhibitory effect. These findings could be justified by the fact that individuals suffering from acute or chronic pain would have different vigilance states, i.e., the vigilance level to external sensory stimuli would be increased with acute pain, but decreased with chronic pain. Therefore, this auditory response holds promise of being a brain signature to differentiate acute and chronic pain. Instead of investigating the pain system per se, the study of pain-induced influences on cortical processing of non-nocicpetive sensory information might represent a potential strategy to monitor the progress of pain chronification in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yuzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yabin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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Ding TT, Xu XX, Cao Y, Liu CR, Gan YH, Xie QF. Inflammatory pain memory facilitates occlusal interference-induced masticatory muscle hyperalgesia in rats. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:353-64. [PMID: 26014463 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with an orofacial pain history appear to be more susceptible to occlusal interference pain in dental practice for unknown reasons. Pain memory has a critical function in subsequent pain perception. This study aims to explore whether orofacial pain memory could affect the masticatory muscle pain perception for occlusal interference. METHODS Cross-injection of 2% carrageenan into bilateral masseters in male rats was carried out to establish the inflammatory pain memory model. The effects of pain memory on masseter muscle nociception were tested by applying crowns with heights beyond the occlusal plane by 0.2 or 0.4 mm onto a maxillary molar 2 weeks after inflammation in the right masseter. The 0.4-mm crowns were removed on day 2 or day 4 after application to further confirm the effects of pain memory. Moreover, memory impairment was established using ibotenic acid (IBO) infusion into the bilateral hippocampus, followed by behaviour tests, including the Morris water maze test and the locomotor activity test. The relationship between pain memory and occlusal interference-induced masseter muscle pain perception was subsequently re-examined. The head withdrawal thresholds of masseters on both sides were measured to reflect the perception. RESULTS Inflammatory pain memory aggravated the 0.2-mm crown-induced mechanical hyperalgesia of the masseters, but not in the 0.4-mm crown group. However, the recovery of the 0.4-mm crown-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was postponed. The effects of pain memory were reversed in rats with impaired mnemonic function of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory pain memory facilitated occlusal interference-induced masseter muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-T Ding
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X-X Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - C-R Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y-H Gan
- Central Laboratory and Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Q-F Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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