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Zheng Y, Zhong G, Song Q, Zhang H, Wang S, Lin C, He C, Li M. Mapping alternative splicing events in colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:280. [PMID: 39004679 PMCID: PMC11247070 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Although aberrant splicing events of genes are closely related to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), the mapping of abnormal splicing events, especially alternative splicing (AS) event types and the underlying effects, remain investigational. In the present study, we analyzed a public RNA-seq database (GSE138202) and identified 14,314 significant AS events in CRC patients compared to healthy individuals. Most of the key genes such as oncogenes involved in the development of CRC have different AS event types. Moreover, the results demonstrate that certain AS events may play a significant role in the functioning of key genes involved in splicing factors and microRNAs. Furthermore, we observed that the oncogene CDK4 in CRC tends to undergo exon 2 skipping AS events, resulting in a stronger tendency for protein expression to form complexes with CCND1, thereby inhibiting the cell cycle and weakening cell proliferation, while enhancing cell migration capability. These findings not only provide new insights into the mechanism of AS in regulating CRC, but also offers a theoretical basis for targeted splicing therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Song
- Department of Gastroenterology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangzhen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zheng Y, Zhong G, He C, Li M. Targeted splicing therapy: new strategies for colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222932. [PMID: 37664052 PMCID: PMC10470845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is the process of forming mature mRNA, which is an essential phase necessary for gene expression and controls many aspects of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Abnormal gene-splicing events are closely related to the development of tumors, and the generation of oncogenic isoform in splicing can promote tumor progression. As a main process of tumor-specific splicing variants, alternative splicing (AS) can promote tumor progression by increasing the production of oncogenic splicing isoforms and/or reducing the production of normal splicing isoforms. This is the focus of current research on the regulation of aberrant tumor splicing. So far, AS has been found to be associated with various aspects of tumor biology, including cell proliferation and invasion, resistance to apoptosis, and sensitivity to different chemotherapeutic drugs. This article will review the abnormal splicing events in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially the tumor-associated splicing variants arising from AS, aiming to offer an insight into CRC-targeted splicing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengcheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Popescu GDA, Scheau C, Badarau IA, Dumitrache MD, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Costache DO, Costache RS, Constantin C, Neagu M, Caruntu C. The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrointestinal Cancers. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010094. [PMID: 33379302 PMCID: PMC7794743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of diseases with very high positions in the ranking of cancer incidence and mortality. While they show common features regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development, organ-specific pathophysiological processes may trigger distinct signaling pathways and intricate interactions with inflammatory cells from the tumoral milieu and mediators involved in tumorigenesis. The treatment of GI cancers is a topic of increasing interest due to the severity of these diseases, their impact on the patients' survivability and quality of life, and the burden they set on the healthcare system. As the efficiency of existing drugs is hindered by chemoresistance and adverse reactions when administered in high doses, new therapies are sought, and emerging drugs, formulations, and substance synergies are the focus of a growing number of studies. A class of chemicals with great potential through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumoral effects is phytochemicals, and capsaicin in particular is the subject of intensive research looking to validate its position in complementing cancer treatment. Our paper thoroughly reviews the available scientific evidence concerning the effects of capsaicin on major GI cancers and its interactions with the molecular pathways involved in the course of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Mihai-Daniel Dumitrache
- Departament of Pneumology IV, “Marius Nasta” Institute of Pneumophtysiology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Clinic, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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Tan SC. Low penetrance genetic polymorphisms as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer predisposition. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3010. [PMID: 29424105 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading form of cancer in both males and females. Early detection of individuals at risk of colorectal cancer allows proper treatment and management of the disease to be implemented, which can potentially reduce the burden of colorectal cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the role of genetic susceptibility factors in mediating predisposition to colorectal cancer has become more and more apparent. Identification of high-frequency, low-penetrance genetic polymorphisms associated with the cancer has therefore emerged as an important approach which can potentially aid prediction of colorectal cancer risk. However, the overwhelming amount of genetic epidemiology data generated over the past decades has made it difficult for one to assimilate the information and determine the exact genetic polymorphisms that can potentially be used as biomarkers for colorectal cancer. This review comprehensively consolidates, based primarily on results from meta-analyses, the recent progresses in the search of colorectal cancer-associated genetic polymorphisms, and discusses the possible mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Xie M, Zhao F, Zou X, Jin S, Xiong S. The association between CCND1 G870A polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8269. [PMID: 29049220 PMCID: PMC5662386 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CyclinD1 (CCND1) is a key cell cycle regulatory protein. A large number of epidemiological studies have assessed the potential correlation between the CCND1 G870A polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but their findings have been inconsistent. To obtain a more precise understanding of the association between the G870A polymorphism in the CCND1 gene and the CRC risk, we conducted a more comprehensive meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY We searched PubMed, Ovid, Springer, Weipu, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases, covering all publications (the last search was updated on January 10, 2017). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from a fixed effect or random effect model. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 10.0 software. RESULTS A total of 7276 CRC patients and 9667 controls from 27 publications were included in this meta-analysis. We found that compared with GG homozygote genetic model, AA, AG, AA + AG genetic models of the CCND1 G870A polymorphism were significantly associated with overall CRC risk (AA homozygote genetic model: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10-1.49; AG heterozygote genetic model: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06-1.25; AA homozygote + AG heterozygote genetic model: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.33). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity and cancer location showed that A carriers were consistently associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC in all subsets of participants (Asian and Caucasian; colon cancer and rectal cancer). When stratified by study design, we found a significant association in hospital-based studies (HB), but no significant associations were found in either population-based studies (PB) or family-based studies (FB). According to subgroup analysis by cancer type, the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (sCRC) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) were not correlated with the CCND1 G870A polymorphism, except AG (AG vs GG: OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.11-1.53). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the CCND1 G870A polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of CRC, especially that A carriers may be a major risk factor for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xie
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Fen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zou
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Shuai Jin
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Shaoquan Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
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Qiu H, Cheng C, Wang Y, Kang M, Tang W, Chen S, Gu H, Liu C, Chen Y. Investigation of cyclin D1 rs9344 G>A polymorphism in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis involving 13,642 subjects. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6641-6650. [PMID: 27822068 PMCID: PMC5089821 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s116258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cyclin D1 (CCND1) rs9344 G>A polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is still ambiguous. To obtain a precise estimation of the relationship, we performed an extensive meta-analysis based on the eligible studies. Crude odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were harnessed to determine the strength of correlation between CCND1 rs9344 G>A polymorphism and CRC risk under the allele, the homozygote, the dominant, and the recessive genetic models, respectively (28 studies with 5,784 CRC cases and 7,858 controls). Our results indicated evidence of the association between CCND1 rs9344 G>A polymorphism and the increased risk of CRC in four genetic models: A vs G, AA vs GG, AA+GA vs GG, and AA vs GA+GG. In a stratified analysis by cancer type of CRC, there was an increased risk of sporadic CRC found in three genetic models: A vs G, AA vs GG, and AA+GA vs GG. In a stratified analysis by ethnicity, there was an increased CRC risk found among Asians in allele comparison genetic models, as well as Caucasians in two genetic models: AA+GA vs GG and A vs T. In summary, this meta-analysis demonstrates that CCND1 rs9344 G>A polymorphism may be a risk factor for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University
| | - Chengguo Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Shuchen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Haiyong Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Zhang H, Lu G, Li Q, Gu J, Song Y, Gao S, Ding Y. Mechanism analysis of colorectal cancer according to the microRNA expression profile. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2329-2336. [PMID: 27698796 PMCID: PMC5038387 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify specific microRNAs (miRs) and their predicted target genes to clarify the molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC). An miR expression profile (array ID, GSE39833), which consisted of 88 CRC samples with various tumor-necrosis-metastasis stages and 11 healthy controls, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Subsequently, the differentially expressed miRs and their target genes were screened. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of target genes were analyzed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the target genes was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. The present study identified a total of 18 differentially expressed miRs (upregulated, 8; downregulated, 10) in the sera of the CRC patients compared with the healthy controls. Of these, 3 upregulated (let-7b, miR-1290 and miR-126) and 2 downregulated (miR-16 and miR-760) differentially expressed miRs and their target genes, including cyclin D1 (CCND1), v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC), phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 2 (beta) (PIK3R2) and SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3), were significantly enriched in the CRC developmental pathway. All these target genes had higher node degrees in the PPI network. In conclusion, let-7b, miR-1290, miR-126, miR-16 and miR-760 and their target genes, CCND1, MYC, PIK3R2 and SMAD3, may be important in the molecular mechanisms for the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Huichao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Qingjing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Shejun Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Yawen Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
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Zahary MN, Ahmad Aizat AA, Kaur G, Yeong Yeh L, Mazuwin M, Ankathil R. Polymorphisms of cell cycle regulator genes CCND1 G870A and TP53 C215G: Association with colorectal cancer susceptibility risk in a Malaysian population. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3216-3222. [PMID: 26722315 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs as a more common sporadic form and a less common familial form. Our earlier analysis of germline mutations of mismatch repair genes confirmed only 32% of familial CRC cases as Lynch syndrome cases. It was hypothesized that the remaining familial aggregation may be 'polygenic' due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of low penetrance genes involved in cancer predisposition pathways, such as cell cycle regulation and apoptosis pathways. The current case-control study involving 104 CRC patients (52 sporadic and 52 familial) and 104 normal healthy controls investigated the contribution of the SNPs cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A and tumor protein p53 (TP53) C215G in modulating familial and sporadic CRC susceptibility risk. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the polymorphisms were genotyped by employing a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The association between these polymorphisms and CRC susceptibility risk was calculated using a binary logistic regression analysis and deriving odds ratios (ORs). The A/A variant genotype of CCND1 and G/G variant genotype of TP53 exhibited a significantly greater association with the risk of sporadic CRC [CCND1: OR, 3.471; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.443-8.350; P=0.005. TP53: OR, 2.829; CI, 1.119-7.152; P=0.026] as well as familial CRC susceptibility (CCND1: OR, 3.086; CI, 1.270-7.497; P=0.019. TP53: OR, 3.048; CI, 1.147-8.097; P=0.030). The results suggest a potential role of the SNPs CCND1 G870A and TP53 C215G in the modulation of sporadic and familial CRC susceptibility risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nizam Zahary
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia ; School of Diagnostic and Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu 21300, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Ahmad Aizat
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University of Science Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Lee Yeong Yeh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Maya Mazuwin
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Ankathil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
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Liu F, Ji F, Ji Y, Jiang Y, Sun X, Lu Y, Zhang L, Han Y, Liu X. In-depth analysis of the critical genes and pathways in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:923-30. [PMID: 26239303 PMCID: PMC4564077 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the molecular targets for colorectal cancer (CRC). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between CRC and matched adjacent noncancerous samples. GENETIC_ASSOIATION_DB_DISEASE analysis was performed to identify CRC genes from the identified DEGs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, followed by Gene Οntology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis for the CRC genes. A protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for the CRC genes, followed by determination and analysis of the hub genes, in terms of the protein domains and spatial structure. In total, 35 CRC genes were determined, including 19 upregulated and 16 downregulated genes. Downregulated N‑acetyltransferase (NAT)1 and NAT2 were enriched in the caffeine metabolism pathway. The downregulated and upregulated genes were enriched in a number of GO terms and pathways, respectively. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were identified as the hub genes in the PPI network. The C‑terminal and N‑terminal domains were similar in PCNA, but different in CCND1. The results suggested PCNA, CCND1, NAT1 and NAT2 for use as biomarkers to enable early diagnosis and monitoring of CRC. These results form a basis for developing therapies, which target the unique protein domains of PCNA and CCND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Fengzhi Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Ji
- Statistics Division, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xueguo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xishuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Qin LY, Zhao LG, Chen X, Li P, Yang Z, Mo WN. The CCND1 G870A gene polymorphism and brain tumor risk: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:3607-12. [PMID: 24870765 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, numerous studies have been performed to investigate the CCND1 G870A gene polymorphism impact on brain tumors susceptibility. Unfortunately, the results of previous studies were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of any association. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a search in PubMed, Embase and CNKI covering all published papers up to November, 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were applied to assess associations. RESULTS A total of 6 publications including 9 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled ORs for the total included studies showed significant association among comparison A vs G (OR= 1.246, 95%CI= 1.092-1.423, p= 0.001), homozygote comparison AA vs GG (OR= 1.566, 95%CI= 1.194-2.054, p= 0.001), heterozygote comparison AG vs GG (OR= 1.290, 95%CI= 0.934-1.782, p= 0.122), dominant model AA/GA vs GG (OR= 1.381, 95%CI= 1.048-1.821, p= 0.022) and recessive model AA vs GA/GG (OR= 1.323, 95%CI= 1.057- 1.657, p= 0.015) especially in glioma. CONCLUSIONS CCND1 G870A polymorphism may increase brain tumor risk, especially for gliomas. However, more primary large scale and well-designed studies are still required to evaluate the interaction of CCND1 G870A polymorphism with brain tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China E-mail :
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Huang Y, Hu X, Liu G, Liu H, Hu J, Feng Z, Tang B, Qian J, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Pu Y. A potential anticancer agent 1,2-di(quinazolin-4-yl)diselane induces apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Qin LY, Zhao LG, Chen X, Yang Z, Mo WN. The CCND1 G870A Gene Polymorphism and Leukemia or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk: a Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6923-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Govatati S, Singamsetty GK, Nallabelli N, Malempati S, Rao PS, Madamchetty VKK, Govatati S, Kanapuram R, Narayana N, Bhanoori M, Kassetty K, Nallanchakravarthula V. Contribution of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and E-cadherin (CDH1) alterations to colorectal cancer susceptibility: a case-control study. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12059-67. [PMID: 25146682 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and E-cadherin (CDH1) are two important genes of the β-catenin/LEF pathway that is involved in tumorigenesis of various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, studies of the association between genetic variants of these two genes and CRC have shown conflicting results. We conducted a genetic association study in South Indian population (cases, 103; controls, 107) to assess the association of CCND1 870G/A and CDH1 -160C/A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with CRC risk. Genotyping of SNPs was performed by PCR sequencing analysis. Haplotype frequencies for multiple loci and the standardized disequilibrium coefficient (D') for pair-wise linkage disequilibrium (LD) were assessed by Haploview Software. In addition, to better understand the role of CCND1 and CDH1 in the pathophysiology of CRC, the expression pattern was evaluated in analogous tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 23 CRC patients by Western blot analysis. The frequencies of CCND1 870A/A (P = 0.045) genotype, CDH1 -160A allele (P = 0.042), and 870A/-160A haplotype (P = 0.002) were significantly higher in patients as compared with controls. Strong LD was observed between 870G/A and -160C/A SNPs in cases (D' = 0.76) as compared to controls (D' = 0.32). Furthermore, elevated CCND1 and diminished CDH1 expression was observed in tumor tissue as compared with analogous normal tissue of CRC patients. Interestingly, advanced-stage tumors showed wider expression alterations than in early-stage tumors. In conclusion, CCND1 870G/A and CDH1 -160C/A SNPs may modify the risk of CRC susceptibility in South Indian population. In addition, elevated CCND1 and diminished CDH1 expression appears to be useful prognostic markers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Govatati
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
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14
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A genetic variant in microRNA target site of TGF-β signaling pathway increases the risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:4301-6. [PMID: 24375256 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA (miRNA) target sites can create, destroy, or modify the miRNA/mRNA binding, therefore modulating gene expression and affecting cancer susceptibility. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. Intriguingly, recent advances of genome-wide association studies have identified multiple risk loci in this pathway to be associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). To test the hypothesis that genetic variants in miRNA target sites in genes of the TGF-β signaling pathway may also be associated with CRC risk, we first systematically scanned the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of TGF-β signaling pathway which potentially affect the miRNA/mRNA bindings. Through a series of filters, we narrowed down these candidates to four SNPs. Then, we conducted a case-control study with 600 CRC patients and 638 controls in Han Chinese population. We observed that compared with A carriers (AA + AG), the GG genotype of rs12997:ACVR1 is associated with a significantly higher risk of CRC (OR = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.04-2.21, P = 0.031), particularly in nonsmokers with a higher OR of 1.63 (95% CI = 1.04-2.55, P = 0.032). Our study suggested that SNPs in miRNA target sites could contribute to the likelihood of CRC susceptibility and emphasized the important role of polymorphisms at miRNA-regulatory elements in carcinogenesis.
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Cadmium modifies the cell cycle and apoptotic profiles of human breast cancer cells treated with 5-fluorouracil. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16600-16. [PMID: 23941782 PMCID: PMC3759927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrialisation, the proximity of factories to cities, and human work activities have led to a disproportionate use of substances containing heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), which may have deleterious effects on human health. Carcinogenic effects of Cd and its relationship with breast cancer, among other tumours, have been reported. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug used to treat solid tumours of the colon, breast, stomach, liver, and pancreas. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of Cd on cell cycle, apoptosis, and gene and protein expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with 5-FU. Cd altered the cell cycle profile, and its effects were greater when used either alone or in combination with 5-FU compared with 5-FU alone. Cd significantly suppressed apoptosis of MCF-7 cells pre-treated with 5-FU. Regarding gene and protein expression, bcl2 expression was mainly upregulated by all treatments involving Cd. The expression of caspase 8 and caspase 9 was decreased by most of the treatments and at all times evaluated. C-myc expression was increased by all treatments involving Cd, especially 5-FU plus Cd at the half time of treatment. Cd plus 5-FU decreased cyclin D1 and increased cyclin A1 expression. In conclusion, our results indicate that exposure to Cd blocks the anticancer effects of 5-FU in MCF-7 cells. These results could have important clinical implications in patients treated with 5-FU-based therapies and who are exposed to high levels of Cd.
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The CCND1 G870A polymorphism and susceptibility to bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:171-7. [PMID: 23893383 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Published studies on the association between cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A polymorphism and bladder cancer risk have yielded conflicting results. Thus, a systemic review and meta-analysis of published studies were performed to assess the possible association. All eligible studies of G870A polymorphism and bladder cancer risk were collected from the PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Statistical analyses were performed by Review Manager 5.0 and Stata 11.0. Significant association between G870A polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility was found under recessive model in overall population (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.45, P = 0.04). When stratifying for the race, our analysis suggested that CCND1 G870A was associated with bladder cancer risk in Asians when using homogeneous codominant (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.34-2.20, P < 0.0001), recessive (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.21-1.77, P < 0.0001), dominant (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.69, P = 0.004), and allelic models (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.15-1.47, P < 0.0001) to analyze the data. However, no significant associations were found in Caucasians. After stratifying the studies by control source, G870A polymorphism was significantly associated with bladder cancer risk under recessive model (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.03-1.67, P = 0.03) in hospital-based case-control studies, but not in population-based case-control studies. This meta-analysis suggested that G870A polymorphism most likely contributes to increased susceptibility to bladder cancer in the overall population, hospital-based case-control studies, and Asians.
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17
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Mao D, Zhang Y, Lu H, Fu X. Association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2529-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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18
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Peters U, Jiao S, Schumacher FR, Hutter CM, Aragaki AK, Baron JA, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Brenner H, Butterbach K, Caan BJ, Campbell PT, Carlson CS, Casey G, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chen LS, Coetzee GA, Coetzee SG, Conti DV, Curtis KR, Duggan D, Edwards T, Fuchs CS, Gallinger S, Giovannucci EL, Gogarten SM, Gruber SB, Haile RW, Harrison TA, Hayes RB, Henderson BE, Hoffmeister M, Hopper JL, Hudson TJ, Hunter DJ, Jackson RD, Jee SH, Jenkins MA, Jia WH, Kolonel LN, Kooperberg C, Küry S, Lacroix AZ, Laurie CC, Laurie CA, Le Marchand L, Lemire M, Levine D, Lindor NM, Liu Y, Ma J, Makar KW, Matsuo K, Newcomb PA, Potter JD, Prentice RL, Qu C, Rohan T, Rosse SA, Schoen RE, Seminara D, Shrubsole M, Shu XO, Slattery ML, Taverna D, Thibodeau SN, Ulrich CM, White E, Xiang Y, Zanke BW, Zeng YX, Zhang B, Zheng W, Hsu L. Identification of Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Colorectal Tumors in a Genome-Wide Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:799-807.e24. [PMID: 23266556 PMCID: PMC3636812 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heritable factors contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. Identifying the genetic loci associated with colorectal tumor formation could elucidate the mechanisms of pathogenesis. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study that included 14 studies, 12,696 cases of colorectal tumors (11,870 cancer, 826 adenoma), and 15,113 controls of European descent. The 10 most statistically significant, previously unreported findings were followed up in 6 studies; these included 3056 colorectal tumor cases (2098 cancer, 958 adenoma) and 6658 controls of European and Asian descent. RESULTS Based on the combined analysis, we identified a locus that reached the conventional genome-wide significance level at less than 5.0 × 10(-8): an intergenic region on chromosome 2q32.3, close to nucleic acid binding protein 1 (most significant single nucleotide polymorphism: rs11903757; odds ratio [OR], 1.15 per risk allele; P = 3.7 × 10(-8)). We also found evidence for 3 additional loci with P values less than 5.0 × 10(-7): a locus within the laminin gamma 1 gene on chromosome 1q25.3 (rs10911251; OR, 1.10 per risk allele; P = 9.5 × 10(-8)), a locus within the cyclin D2 gene on chromosome 12p13.32 (rs3217810 per risk allele; OR, 0.84; P = 5.9 × 10(-8)), and a locus in the T-box 3 gene on chromosome 12q24.21 (rs59336; OR, 0.91 per risk allele; P = 3.7 × 10(-7)). CONCLUSIONS In a large genome-wide association study, we associated polymorphisms close to nucleic acid binding protein 1 (which encodes a DNA-binding protein involved in DNA repair) with colorectal tumor risk. We also provided evidence for an association between colorectal tumor risk and polymorphisms in laminin gamma 1 (this is the second gene in the laminin family to be associated with colorectal cancers), cyclin D2 (which encodes for cyclin D2), and T-box 3 (which encodes a T-box transcription factor and is a target of Wnt signaling to β-catenin). The roles of these genes and their products in cancer pathogenesis warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
| | - Shuo Jiao
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Carolyn M. Hutter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Aaron K. Aragaki
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - John A. Baron
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bette J. Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, California
| | | | - Christopher S. Carlson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Graham Casey
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lin S. Chen
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gerhard A. Coetzee
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Simon G. Coetzee
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V. Conti
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Keith R. Curtis
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Todd Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stephen B. Gruber
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert W. Haile
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tabitha A. Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John L. Hopper
- Melborne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas J. Hudson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J. Hunter
- School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca D. Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mark A. Jenkins
- Melborne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Andrea Z. Lacroix
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cathy C. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cecelia A. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Mathieu Lemire
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Levine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Noralane M. Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Yan Liu
- Stephens and Associates, Carrollton, Texas
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen W. Makar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John D. Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ross L. Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stephanie A. Rosse
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniela Seminara
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martha L. Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Darin Taverna
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Stephen N. Thibodeau
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yongbing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Brent W. Zanke
- Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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