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López-Carrasco A, Vieco-Martí I, Granados-Aparici S, Acevedo-León D, Estañ-Capell N, Portugal R, Huerta-Aragonés J, Cañete A, Navarro S, Noguera R. Vitronectin Levels in the Plasma of Neuroblastoma Patients and Culture Media of 3D Models: A Prognostic Circulating Biomarker? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8733. [PMID: 39201421 PMCID: PMC11354570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitronectin is a glycoprotein present in plasma and the extracellular matrix that is implicated in cell migration. The high amount of vitronectin found in neuroblastoma biopsies has been associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, increased vitronectin levels have been described in the plasma of patients with different cancers. Our aim was to assess vitronectin as a potential circulating biomarker of neuroblastoma prognosis. Vitronectin concentration was quantified using ELISA in culture media of four neuroblastoma cell lines grown in a monolayer and in 3D models, and in the plasma of 114 neuroblastoma patients. Three of the neuroblastoma cell lines secreted vitronectin to culture media when cultured in a monolayer and 3D models. Vitronectin release was higher by neuroblastoma cells cultured in 3D models than in the monolayer and was still elevated when cells were grown in 3D scaffolds with cross-linked vitronectin. Vitronectin secretion occurred independently of cell numbers in cultures. Its concentration in the plasma of neuroblastoma patients ranged between 52.4 and 870 µg/mL (median, 218 µg/mL). A ROC curve was used to establish a cutoff of 361 µg/mL, above which patients over 18 months old had worse prognosis (p = 0.0018). Vitronectin could be considered a new plasma prognostic biomarker in neuroblastoma and warrants confirmation in collaborative studies. Drugs inhibiting vitronectin interactions with cells and/or the extracellular matrix could represent a significant improvement in survival for neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo López-Carrasco
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Vieco-Martí
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Granados-Aparici
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Adela Cañete
- Politechnic and University Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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2
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Biasella F, Plössl K, Baird PN, Weber BHF. The extracellular microenvironment in immune dysregulation and inflammation in retinal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147037. [PMID: 36936905 PMCID: PMC10014728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) as well as genetically complex retinal phenotypes represent a heterogenous group of ocular diseases, both on account of their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Therefore, overlaps in clinical features often complicate or even impede their correct clinical diagnosis. Deciphering the molecular basis of retinal diseases has not only aided in their disease classification but also helped in our understanding of how different molecular pathologies may share common pathomechanisms. In particular, these relate to dysregulation of two key processes that contribute to cellular integrity, namely extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and inflammation. Pathological changes in the ECM of Bruch's membrane have been described in both monogenic IRDs, such as Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) and Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), as well as in the genetically complex age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Additionally, complement system dysfunction and distorted immune regulation may also represent a common connection between some IRDs and complex retinal degenerations. Through highlighting such overlaps in molecular pathology, this review aims to illuminate how inflammatory processes and ECM homeostasis are linked in the healthy retina and how their interplay may be disturbed in aging as well as in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Biasella
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
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Nader D, Kerrigan SW. Molecular Cross-Talk between Integrins and Cadherins Leads to a Loss of Vascular Barrier Integrity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:891. [PMID: 35632633 PMCID: PMC9143673 DOI: 10.3390/v14050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular barrier is heavily injured following SARS-CoV-2 infection and contributes enormously to life-threatening complications in COVID-19. This endothelial dysfunction is associated with the phlogistic phenomenon of cytokine storms, thrombotic complications, abnormal coagulation, hypoxemia, and multiple organ failure. The mechanisms surrounding COVID-19 associated endotheliitis have been widely attributed to ACE2-mediated pathways. However, integrins are emerging as possible receptor candidates for SARS-CoV-2, and their complex intracellular signaling events are essential for maintaining endothelial homeostasis. Here, we showed that the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 depends on its RGD motif to drive barrier dysregulation by hijacking integrin αVβ3, expressed on human endothelial cells. This triggers the redistribution and internalization of major junction protein VE-Cadherin which leads to the barrier disruption phenotype. Both extracellular and intracellular inhibitors of integrin αVβ3 prevented these effects, similarly to the RGD-cyclic peptide compound Cilengitide, which suggests that the spike protein-through its RGD motif-binds to αVβ3 and elicits vascular leakage events. These findings support integrins as an additional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, particularly as integrin engagement can elucidate many of the adverse endothelial dysfunction events that stem from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve W. Kerrigan
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences (PBS), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
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4
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Integrin αv and Vitronectin Prime Macrophage-Related Inflammation and Contribute the Development of Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168410. [PMID: 34445121 PMCID: PMC8395123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling mediated by the αv integrin plays a pivotal role in macrophage activation in various inflammatory processes, but its involvement in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED) remains unclear. In a murine model of DED, we found increased αv integrin expression in ocular surface macrophages. The αv integrins inhibitor c(RGDfK) ameliorated the corneal damage caused by DED, suggesting a pathogenic role for αv integrin. Because tear hyperosmolarity induces ocular inflammation in DED, a hyperosmolar culture of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) is used to reproduce inflammation in vitro. However, the expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA was minimal, even though αv integrin was induced. In searching for components that are involved in αv integrin-mediated inflammation but that are missing from the culture model, we showed that the levels of vitronectin (VTN), a binding ligand of αv integrins, were increased in the tear fluid and conjunctival stroma of DED animals. The addition of VTN prominently enhanced hyperosmolarity-induced inflammation in BMDMs. Mechanistically, we showed that VTN/αv integrins mediated NF-κB activation to induce inflammatory gene expression in the BMDMs. Our findings indicate that interaction the of VTN with αv integrins is a crucial step in the inflammatory process in DED and suggests a novel therapeutic target.
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Motallebnejad P, Azarin SM. Chemically defined human vascular laminins for biologically relevant culture of hiPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:54. [PMID: 32912242 PMCID: PMC7488267 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into brain-specific microvascular endothelial cells (iBMECs) has frequently been used to model the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, there are limitations in the use of iBMECs for in vitro studies, such as transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) instability, weak junctional expression of VE-cadherin, and lack of proper fluid shear stress response. In vivo, the basement membrane (BM) composition of the BBB evolves throughout development, and laminins become the dominant component of the mature vascular BM. However, laminin isoforms of the endothelial BM have not been used for culture of differentiated iBMECs. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of different laminin isoforms of the endothelial BM on iBMEC functionality and to determine whether better recapitulation of the physiological BM in vitro can address the aforementioned limitations of iBMECs. METHODS Using a previously reported method, hiPSCs were differentiated into iBMECs. The influence of main laminins of the endothelial BM, LN 411 and LN 511, on iBMEC functionality was studied and compared to a collagen IV and fibronectin mixture (CN IV-FN). Quantitative RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and TEER measurement were utilized to assess gene and protein expression and barrier properties of iBMECs on different extracellular matrices. Single-channel microfluidic devices were used to study the effect of shear stress on iBMECs. RESULTS LN 511, but not LN 411, improved iBMEC barrier properties and resulted in more sustained TEER stability. Immunocytochemistry showed improved junctional protein expression compared to iBMECs cultured on CN IV-FN. iBMECs cultured on LN 511 showed a reduction of stress fibers, indicating resting endothelial phenotype, whereas gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of multiple genes involved in endothelial activation in iBMECs on CN IV-FN. Finally, culturing iBMECs on LN 511 enhanced physiological responses to shear stress, including morphological changes and enhanced junctional protein association. CONCLUSION LN 511 improves the functionality and long-term barrier stability of iBMECs. Our findings suggest that incorporation of physiologically relevant LN 511 in iBMEC culture would be beneficial for disease modeling applications and BBB-on-a-chip platforms that accommodate fluid flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Motallebnejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Samira M Azarin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Vicente‐Munuera P, Burgos‐Panadero R, Noguera I, Navarro S, Noguera R, Escudero LM. The topology of vitronectin: A complementary feature for neuroblastoma risk classification based on computer-aided detection. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:553-565. [PMID: 31173338 PMCID: PMC6899647 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are complex networks of constantly interacting elements: tumor cells, stromal cells, immune and stem cells, blood/lympathic vessels, nerve fibers and extracellular matrix components. These elements can influence their microenvironment through mechanical and physical signals to promote tumor cell growth. To get a better understanding of tumor biology, cooperation between multidisciplinary fields is needed. Diverse mathematic computations and algorithms have been designed to find prognostic targets and enhance diagnostic assessment. In this work, we use computational digital tools to study the topology of vitronectin, a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix. Vitronectin is linked to angiogenesis and migration, two processes closely related to tumor cell spread. Here, we investigate whether the distribution of this molecule in the tumor stroma may confer mechanical properties affecting neuroblastoma aggressiveness. Combining image analysis and graph theory, we analyze different topological features that capture the organizational cues of vitronectin in histopathological images taken from human samples. We find that the Euler number and the branching of territorial vitronectin, two topological features, could allow for a more precise pretreatment risk stratification to guide treatment strategies in neuroblastoma patients. A large amount of recently synthesized VN would create migration tracks, pinpointed by both topological features, for malignant neuroblasts, so that dramatic change in the extracellular matrix would increase tumor aggressiveness and worsen patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vicente‐Munuera
- Departamento de Biología CelularInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roció/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Rebeca Burgos‐Panadero
- Department of Pathology, Medical SchoolUniversity of Valencia/INCLIVAValenciaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Oncology (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Inmaculada Noguera
- Central Support Service for Experimental Research (SCSIE), University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Medical SchoolUniversity of Valencia/INCLIVAValenciaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Oncology (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical SchoolUniversity of Valencia/INCLIVAValenciaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Oncology (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Luis M. Escudero
- Departamento de Biología CelularInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roció/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
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7
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Chen J, Sun L, Ding GB, Chen L, Jiang L, Wang J, Wu J. Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Induces Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Hyperpermeability Via VE-Cadherin Internalization: Roles of RhoA/ROCK2. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:49-59. [PMID: 31187440 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes to a spectrum of neurological diseases such as stroke, and the hyperpermeability of endothelial cells is one of the characters of stroke, which is possibly exacerbated after reperfusion. However, the underlying mechanisms involving hyperpermeability after reperfusion between the endothelial cells remain poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, the human microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to mimic ischemic stroke condition in vitro with the aim to investigate the potential mechanisms induced by OGD/R. The permeability of cultured HBMECs was measured using FITC-labeled dextran in a Transwell system and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), while the RhoA activity was detected by pull-down assay. In addition, the phosphorylation of MYPT1, which reflects the activation of ROCK and the internalization of VE-cadherin, was detected by Western blot. It showed that OGD/R treatment significantly increased the permeability of HBMEC monolayers and facilitated the internalization of VE-cadherin in HBMEC monolayers. Pull-down assay showed that RhoA activation was obviously enhanced after OGD/R treatment, while RhoA and ROCK inhibitor significantly reversed OGD/R-induced HBMEC monolayers hyperpermeability and the internalization of VE-cadherin. Meanwhile, the knockdown assay showed that RhoA small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to similar effects. The inactivation of the downstream effector protein ROCK was also examined. Intriguingly, ROCK2 rather than ROCK1 exerted its adverse effects on HBMEC monolayer integrity, since ROCK2 knockdown markedly reverses the injury of OGD/R in HBMEC monolayers. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that OGD/R may induce HBMEC monolayer hyperpermeability via RhoA/ROCK2-mediated VE-cadherin internalization, which may provide an impetus for the development of therapeutics targeting BBB damage in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Bing Ding
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Hessenauer MET, Lauber K, Zuchtriegel G, Uhl B, Hussain T, Canis M, Strieth S, Berghaus A, Reichel CA. Vitronectin promotes the vascularization of porous polyethylene biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2018; 82:24-33. [PMID: 30296618 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid implant vascularization is a prerequisite for successful biomaterial engraftment. Vitronectin (VN) is a matricellular glycoprotein well known for its capability to interact with growth factors, proteases, and protease inhibitors/receptors. Since such proteins are highly relevant for angiogenic processes, we hypothesized that VN contributes to the tissue integration of biomaterials. Employing different in vivo and ex vivo microscopy techniques, engraftment of porous polyethylene (PPE) implants was analyzed in the dorsal skinfold chamber model in wild-type (WT) and VN-/- mice. Upon PPE implantation, vascularization of this biomaterial was severely compromised in animals lacking this matricellular protein. Proteome profiling revealed that VN deficiency does not cause major changes in angiogenic protein composition in the implants suggesting that VN promotes PPE vascularization via mechanisms modulating the activity of angiogenic factors rather than by directly enriching them in the implant. Consequently, surface coating with recombinant VN (embedded in Matrigel®) accelerated implant vascularization in WT mice by enhancing the maturation of a vascular network. Thus, VN contributes to the engraftment of PPE implants by promoting the vascularization of this biomaterial. Surface coating with VN might provide a promising strategy to improve the vascularization of PPE implants without affecting the host's integrity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Porous polyethylene (PPE) is a biomaterial frequently used in reconstructive surgery. The proper vascularization of PPE implants is a fundamental prerequisite for its successful engraftment in host tissue. Although the overall biocompatibility of PPE is good, there are less favorable application sites for its use in tissue reconstruction mostly characterized by low blood supply. Employing advanced in vivo microscopy methods and proteomic analyses in genetically engineered mice, we here describe a previously unrecognized function of vitronectin (VN) that enables this abundantly present glycoprotein to particularly promote the vascularization of PPE biomaterial. These properties of VN specifically facilitate the formation of a dense vessel network within the implant which relies on modulating the activity of angiogenic mediators rather than on the enrichment of these factors in the implant. Consequently, surface coating with this matricellular protein effectively accelerated and intensified implant vascularization which might be beneficial for its implementation at unfavorable sites for implantation without affecting the host's integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian E T Hessenauer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timon Hussain
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Berghaus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Li P, Chen D, Cui Y, Zhang W, Weng J, Yu L, Chen L, Chen Z, Su H, Yu S, Wu J, Huang Q, Guo X. Src Plays an Important Role in AGE-Induced Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Tubulogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:765. [PMID: 29977209 PMCID: PMC6021521 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), produced by the non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and lipids under hyperglycemia or oxidative stress conditions, has been implicated to be pivotal in the development of diabetic vascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy. We previously demonstrated that Src kinase played a causative role in AGE-induced hyper-permeability and barrier dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). While the increase of vascular permeability is the early event of angiogenesis, the effect of Src in AGE-induced angiogenesis and the mechanism has not been completely revealed. Here, we investigated the impact of Src on AGE-induced HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis. Inhibition of Src with inhibitor PP2 or siRNA decreased AGE-induced migration and tubulogenesis of HUVECs. The inactivation of Src with pcDNA3/flag-SrcK298M also restrained AGE-induced HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation, while the activation of Src with pcDNA3/flag-SrcY530F enhanced HUVECs angiogenesis alone and exacerbated AGE-induced angiogenesis. AGE-enhanced HUVECs angiogenesis in vitro was accompanied with the phosphorylation of ERK in HUVECs. The inhibition of ERK with its inhibitor PD98059 decreased AGE-induced HUVECs angiogenesis. Furthermore, the inhibition and silencing of Src suppressed the AGE-induced ERK activation. And the silencing of AGEs receptor (RAGE) inhibited the AGE-induced ERK activation and angiogenesis as well. In conclusions, this study demonstrated that Src plays a pivotal role in AGE-promoted HUVECs angiogenesis by phosphorylating ERK, and very likely through RAGE-Src-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Li
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deshu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Su
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Keasey MP, Jia C, Pimentel LF, Sante RR, Lovins C, Hagg T. Blood vitronectin is a major activator of LIF and IL-6 in the brain through integrin-FAK and uPAR signaling. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.202580. [PMID: 29222114 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We defined how blood-derived vitronectin (VTN) rapidly and potently activates leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) in vitro and after vascular injury in the brain. Treatment with VTN (but not fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin-111 or collagen-I) substantially increased LIF and IL-6 within 4 h in C6-astroglioma cells, while VTN-/- mouse plasma was less effective than that from wild-type mice. LIF and IL-6 were induced by intracerebral injection of recombinant human (rh)VTN in mice, but induction seen upon intracerebral hemorrhage was less in VTN-/- mice than in wild-type littermates. In vitro, VTN effects were inhibited by RGD, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin-blocking peptides and antibodies. VTN activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK; also known as PTK2), whereas pharmacological- or siRNA-mediated inhibition of FAK, but not PYK2, reduced the expression of LIF and IL-6 in C6 and endothelial cells and after traumatic cell injury. Dominant-negative FAK (Y397F) reduced the amount of injury-induced LIF and IL-6. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of uPAR (also known as PLAUR), which binds VTN, also reduced cytokine expression, possibly through a common target of uPAR and integrins. We propose that VTN leakage into tissues promotes inflammation. Integrin-FAK signaling is therefore a novel IL-6 and LIF regulation mechanism relevant to the inflammation and stem cell fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Keasey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Cuihong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Lylyan F Pimentel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Keizo Asami Laboratory (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Richard R Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Chiharu Lovins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Theo Hagg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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11
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Huang B, Zhou ZY, Li S, Huang XH, Tang JY, Hoi MPM, Lee SMY. Tanshinone I prevents atorvastatin-induced cerebral hemorrhage in zebrafish and stabilizes endothelial cell–cell adhesion by inhibiting VE-cadherin internalization and actin-myosin contractility. Pharmacol Res 2018; 128:389-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Aulakh GK. Neutrophils in the lung: “the first responders”. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:577-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Lee YJ, Jung SH, Hwang J, Jeon S, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Cysteamine prevents vascular leakage through inhibiting transglutaminase in diabetic retina. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:39-48. [PMID: 28751454 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cysteamine (an aminothiol), which is derived from coenzyme A degradation and metabolized into taurine, has beneficial effects against cystinosis and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its role in diabetic complications is unknown. Thus, we sought to determine the preventive effect of cysteamine against hyperglycemia-induced vascular leakage in the retinas of diabetic mice. Cysteamine and ethanolamine, the sulfhydryl group-free cysteamine analogue, inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced stress fiber formation and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin disruption in endothelial cells, which play a critical role in modulating endothelial permeability. Intravitreal injection of the amine compounds prevented hyperglycemia-induced vascular leakage in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We then investigated the potential roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transglutaminase (TGase) in the cysteamine prevention of VEGF-induced vascular leakage. Cysteamine, but not ethanolamine, inhibited VEGF-induced ROS generation in endothelial cells and diabetic retinas. In contrast, VEGF-induced TGase activation was prevented by both cysteamine and ethanolamine. Our findings suggest that cysteamine protects against vascular leakage through inhibiting VEGF-induced TGase activation rather than ROS generation in diabetic retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - JongYun Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of OphthalmologySeoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of PhysiologyKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
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14
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Porcù E, Salvador A, Primac I, Mitola S, Ronca R, Ravelli C, Bortolozzi R, Vedaldi D, Romagnoli R, Basso G, Viola G. Vascular disrupting activity of combretastatin analogues. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 83:78-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Ortega-Martínez I, Gardeazabal J, Erramuzpe A, Sanchez-Diez A, Cortés J, García-Vázquez MD, Pérez-Yarza G, Izu R, Luís Díaz-Ramón J, de la Fuente IM, Asumendi A, Boyano MD. Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels predict the metastatic progression of AJCC I-II early-stage melanoma. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1598-607. [PMID: 27216146 PMCID: PMC5089559 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Like many cancers, an early diagnosis of melanoma is fundamental to ensure a good prognosis, although an important proportion of stage I-II patients may still develop metastasis during follow-up. The aim of this work was to discover serum biomarkers in patients diagnosed with primary melanoma that identify those at a high risk of developing metastasis during the follow-up period. Proteomic and mass spectrophotometry analysis was performed on serum obtained from patients who developed metastasis during the first years after surgery for primary tumors and compared with that from patients who remained disease-free for more than 10 years after surgery. Five proteins were selected for validation as prognostic factors in 348 melanoma patients and 100 controls by ELISA: serum amyloid A and clusterin; immune system proteins; the cell adhesion molecules plakoglobin and vitronectin and the antimicrobial protein dermcidin. Compared to healthy controls, melanoma patients have high serum levels of these proteins at the moment of melanoma diagnosis, although the specific values were not related to the histopathological stage of the tumors. However, an analysis based on classification together with multivariate statistics showed that tumor stage, vitronectin and dermcidin levels were associated with the metastatic progression of patients with early-stage melanoma. Although melanoma patients have increased serum dermcidin levels, the REPTree classifier showed that levels of dermcidin <2.98 μg/ml predict metastasis in AJCC stage II patients. These data suggest that vitronectin and dermcidin are potent biomarkers of prognosis, which may help to improve the personalized medical care of melanoma patients and their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Ortega-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Gardeazabal
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Erramuzpe
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Sanchez-Diez
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Cortés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque: The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María D García-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gorka Pérez-Yarza
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Izu
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Díaz-Ramón
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ildefonso M de la Fuente
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias De La Salud, Avenida Del Conocimiento S/N, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María D Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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16
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Park-Windhol C, D'Amore PA. Disorders of Vascular Permeability. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:251-81. [PMID: 26907525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial barrier maintains vascular and tissue homeostasis and modulates many physiological processes, such as angiogenesis. Vascular barrier integrity can be disrupted by a variety of soluble permeability factors, and changes in barrier function can exacerbate tissue damage during disease progression. Understanding endothelial barrier function is critical for vascular homeostasis. Many of the signaling pathways promoting vascular permeability can also be triggered during disease, resulting in prolonged or uncontrolled vascular leak. It is believed that recovery of the normal vasculature requires diminishing this hyperpermeable state. Although the molecular mechanisms governing vascular leak have been studied over the last few decades, recent advances have identified new therapeutic targets that have begun to show preclinical and clinical promise. These approaches have been successfully applied to an increasing number of disease conditions. New perspectives regarding how vascular leak impacts the progression of various diseases are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Park-Windhol
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; , .,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; , .,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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17
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Chen J, Wang J, Su C, Qian W, Sun L, Sun H, Chen J, Zhang H, Zhang J. Urinary trypsin inhibitor attenuates LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by upregulation of vascular endothelial-cadherin expression. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:213-24. [PMID: 26681130 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) decreases inflammatory cytokine levels and mortality in experimental animal models of inflammation. Here, we observed the effect of UTI on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hyperpermeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and explored the role of vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in its effect. METHODS The effect of UTI on endothelial barrier hyperpermeability was detected by an electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system and a transwell chamber system. The expression of VE-cadherin in HUVECs was examined by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS We demonstrated that the alleviation of LPS-induced barrier dysfunction could be achieved by pretreatment with 3000 U/mL of UTI. VE-cadherin monoclonal antibody (mAb) could inhibit the protective effects. UTI maintained VE-cadherin expression by increasing protein stability at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Meanwhile, VE-cadherin expression on the cell surface increased when the cells were pretreated with UTI. Furthermore, pretreatment with UTI decreased the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Tyr658 but not Tyr731. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that prophylactic UTI maintains the endothelial barrier function, increases VE-cadherin expression, and inhibits the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Tyr658 under inflammatory conditions. It suggests a scientific and potential clinical therapeutic importance of UTI in treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglei Su
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Qian
- The Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Basic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Yang B, Cai B, Deng P, Wu X, Guan Y, Zhang B, Cai W, Schaper J, Schaper W. Nitric Oxide Increases Arterial Endotheial Permeability through Mediating VE-Cadherin Expression during Arteriogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127931. [PMID: 26133549 PMCID: PMC4489889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage invasion is an important event during arteriogenesis, but the underlying mechanism is still only partially understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) and VE-cadherin, two key mediators for vascular permeability, contribute to this event in a rat ischemic hindlimb model. In addition, the effect of NO on expression of VE-caherin and endothelial permeability was also studied in cultured HUVECs. We found that: 1) in normal arteriolar vessels (NAV), eNOS was moderately expressed in endothelial cells (EC) and iNOS was rarely detected. In contrast, in collateral vessels (CVs) induced by simple femoral artery ligation, both eNOS and iNOS were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Induced iNOS was found mainly in smooth muscle cells, but also in other vascular cells and macrophages; 2) in NAV VE-cadherin was strongly expressed in EC. In CVs, VE-cadherin was significantly downregulated, with a discontinuous and punctate pattern. Administration of nitric oxide donor DETA NONOate (NONOate) further reduced the amounts of Ve-cadherin in CVs, whereas NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME inhibited downregulation of VE-cadherin in CVs; 3) in normal rats Evans blue extravasation (EBE) was low in the musculus gracilis, FITC-dextron leakage was not detected in the vascular wall and few macrophages were observed in perivascular space. In contrast, EBE was significantly increased in femoral artery ligation rats, FITC-dextron leakage and increased amounts of macrophages were detected in CVs, which were further enhanced by administration of NONOate, but inhibited by L-NAME supplement; 4) in vitro experiments confirmed that an increase in NO production reduced VE-cadherin expression, correlated with increases in the permeability of HUVECs. In conclusion, our data for the first time reveal the expression profile of VE-cadherin and alterations of vascular permeability in CVs, suggesting that NO-mediated VE-cadherin pathway may be one important mechanism responsible, at least in part, for macrophage invasion during arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Yang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang Univ., Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Baizhen Cai
- Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Panyue Deng
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WC); (PD); (WS); (JS)
| | - Xiaoqiong Wu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yinglu Guan
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Cai
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WC); (PD); (WS); (JS)
| | - Jutta Schaper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Arteriogenesis Research Group, Bad Nauheim, D-61231, Germany
- * E-mail: (WC); (PD); (WS); (JS)
| | - Wolfgang Schaper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Arteriogenesis Research Group, Bad Nauheim, D-61231, Germany
- * E-mail: (WC); (PD); (WS); (JS)
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19
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Abstract
The endothelium forms a selective semi-permeable barrier controlling bidirectional transfer between blood vessel and irrigated tissues. This crucial function relies on the dynamic architecture of endothelial cell–cell junctions, and in particular, VE -cadherin-mediated contacts. VE -cadherin indeed chiefly organizes the opening and closing of the endothelial barrier, and is central in permeability changes. In this review, the way VE -cadherin-based contacts are formed and maintained is first presented, including molecular traits of its expression, partners, and signaling. In a second part, the mechanisms by which VE -cadherin adhesion can be disrupted, leading to cell–cell junction weakening and endothelial permeability increase, are described. Overall, the molecular basis for VE -cadherin control of the endothelial barrier function is of high interest for biomedical research, as vascular leakage is observed in many pathological conditions and human diseases.
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20
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Sarelius IH, Glading AJ. Control of vascular permeability by adhesion molecules. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e985954. [PMID: 25838987 DOI: 10.4161/21688370.2014.985954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular permeability is a vital function of the circulatory system that is regulated in large part by the limited flux of solutes, water, and cells through the endothelial cell layer. One major pathway through this barrier is via the inter-endothelial junction, which is driven by the regulation of cadherin-based adhesions. The endothelium also forms attachments with surrounding proteins and cells via 2 classes of adhesion molecules, the integrins and IgCAMs. Integrins and IgCAMs propagate activation of multiple downstream signals that potentially impact cadherin adhesion. Here we discuss the known contributions of integrin and IgCAM signaling to the regulation of cadherin adhesion stability, endothelial barrier function, and vascular permeability. Emphasis is placed on known and prospective crosstalk signaling mechanisms between integrins, the IgCAMs- ICAM-1 and PECAM-1, and inter-endothelial cadherin adhesions, as potential strategic signaling nodes for multipartite regulation of cadherin adhesion.
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Key Words
- ICAM-1
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IgCAM, immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule
- JAM, junctional adhesion molecule
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- PECAM-1
- PECAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1
- PKC, protein kinase C
- RDG, arginine-aspartic acid- glutamine
- S1P, sphingosine 1 phosphate
- SHP-2, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
- VE-PTP, Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase β
- VE-cadherin
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- adhesion
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- endothelial barrier function
- fMLP, f-Met-Leu-Phe
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- integrins
- permeability
- transendothelial migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H Sarelius
- University of Rochester; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology ; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Angela J Glading
- University of Rochester; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology ; Rochester, NY USA
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Takawale A, Sakamuri SS, Kassiri Z. Extracellular Matrix Communication and Turnover in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:687-719. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Parker TJ, Broadbent JA, McGovern JA, Broszczak DA, Parker CN, Upton Z. Provisional Matrix Deposition in Hemostasis and Venous Insufficiency: Tissue Preconditioning for Nonhealing Venous Ulcers. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:174-191. [PMID: 25785239 PMCID: PMC4352700 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Chronic wounds represent a major burden on global healthcare systems and reduce the quality of life of those affected. Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the biochemistry of wound healing progression. However, knowledge regarding the specific molecular processes influencing chronic wound formation and persistence remains limited. Recent Advances: Generally, healing of acute wounds begins with hemostasis and the deposition of a plasma-derived provisional matrix into the wound. The deposition of plasma matrix proteins is known to occur around the microvasculature of the lower limb as a result of venous insufficiency. This appears to alter limb cutaneous tissue physiology and consequently drives the tissue into a 'preconditioned' state that negatively influences the response to wounding. Critical Issues: Processes, such as oxygen and nutrient suppression, edema, inflammatory cell trapping/extravasation, diffuse inflammation, and tissue necrosis are thought to contribute to the advent of a chronic wound. Healing of the wound then becomes difficult in the context of an internally injured limb. Thus, interventions and therapies for promoting healing of the limb is a growing area of interest. For venous ulcers, treatment using compression bandaging encourages venous return and improves healing processes within the limb, critically however, once treatment concludes ulcers often reoccur. Future Directions: Improved understanding of the composition and role of pericapillary matrix deposits in facilitating internal limb injury and subsequent development of chronic wounds will be critical for informing and enhancing current best practice therapies and preventative action in the wound care field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. Parker
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A. Broadbent
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqui A. McGovern
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Broszczak
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christina N. Parker
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zee Upton
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Obi AT, Diaz JA, Ballard-Lipka NL, Roelofs KJ, Farris DM, Lawrence DA, Wakefield TW, Henke PK. Plasminogen activator-1 overexpression decreases experimental postthrombotic vein wall fibrosis by a non-vitronectin-dependent mechanism. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1353-63. [PMID: 24943740 PMCID: PMC4127110 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors associated with postthrombotic syndrome are known clinically, but the underlying cellular processes at the vein wall are not well delineated. Prior work suggests that vein wall damage does not correlate with thrombus resolution but rather with plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that PAI-1 would confer post venous thrombosis (VT) vein wall protection via a vitronectin (Vn)-dependent mechanism. METHODS A stasis model of VT was used with harvest over 2 weeks, in wild-type, Vn(-/-) , and PAI-1-overexpressing mice (PAI-1 Tg). RESULTS PAI-1 Tg mice had larger VT at 6 and 14 days, compared to controls, but Vn(-/-) mice had no alteration of VT resolution. Gene deletion of Vn resulted in an increase in, rather than the expected decrease in, circulating PAI-1 activity. While both Vn(-/-) and PAI-1 Tg had attenuated intimal fibrosis, PAI-1 Tg had significantly less vein wall collagen and a compensatory increase in collagen III gene expression. Both Vn(-/-) and PAI-1 Tg vein wall had less monocyte chemotactic factor-1 and fewer macrophages (F4/80), with significantly less MMP-2 activity and decreased TIMP-1 antigen. Ex vivo assessment of transforming growth factor β-mediated fibrotic response showed that PAI-1 Tg vein walls had increased profibrotic gene expression (collagens I and III, MMP-2, and α-smooth muscle actin) compared with controls, opposite of the in vivo response. CONCLUSIONS The absence of Vn increases circulating PAI-1, which positively modulates vein wall fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner. Translationally, PAI-1 elevation may decrease vein wall damage after deep vein thrombosis, perhaps by decreasing macrophage-mediated activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Obi
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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24
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Li R, Luo M, Ren M, Chen N, Xia J, Deng X, Zeng M, Yan K, Luo T, Wu J. Vitronectin regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis. J Vasc Res 2014; 51:110-7. [PMID: 24603119 DOI: 10.1159/000360085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in regulating angiogenesis, and this process is largely dependent on the newly formed extracellular matrix (ECM). The levels of vitronectin (VN) are increased in patients with various cardiovascular diseases. A role for VN in regulating VEGF-induced angiogenesis has not been previously reported. We tested the hypothesis that VN regulates VEGFR-2 activation via effects on αvβ3, thus contributing to angiogenesis. METHODS We used a 3-dimensional angiogenesis assay, and examined the effects of VN on VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in aortic endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from wild-type and VN-deficient mice. RESULTS The addition of multimeric VN significantly enhanced VEGF-induced increases in EC migration and capillary formation. In vitro, Vn(-/-) ECs migrated significantly slower than wild-type ECs. The addition of VN to Vn(-/-) ECs increased EC migration and augmented the promigratory effect of VEGF in a manner that involved VEGFR-2 and Src signaling. Analysis of the mechanisms involved revealed that multimeric VN, but not monomeric VN, binds VEGF and enhances VEGF-induced VEGFR-2/Src activation in ECs. CONCLUSION These results underscore the importance of VN in the regulation of angiogenesis induced by VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, PR China
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Maile LA, Gollahon K, Wai C, Dunbar P, Busby W, Clemmons D. Blocking αVβ3 integrin ligand occupancy inhibits the progression of albuminuria in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:421827. [PMID: 25389530 PMCID: PMC4217341 DOI: 10.1155/2014/421827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined if blocking ligand occupancy of the αVβ3 integrin could inhibit the pathophysiologic changes that occur in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetic rats were treated with either vehicle or a monoclonal antibody that binds the β3 subunit of the αVβ3 integrin. After 4 weeks of diabetes the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) increased in both diabetic animals that subsequently received vehicle and in the animals that subsequently received the anti-β3 antibody compared with control nondiabetic rats. After 8 weeks of treatment the UACR continued to rise in the vehicle-treated rats; however it returned to levels comparable to control nondiabetic rats in rats treated with the anti-β3 antibody. Treatment with the antibody prevented the increase of several profibrotic proteins that have been implicated in the development of DN. Diabetes was associated with an increase in phosphorylation of the β3 subunit in kidney homogenates from diabetic animals, but this was prevented by the antibody treatment. This study demonstrates that, when administered after establishment of early pathophysiologic changes in renal function, the anti-β3 antibody reversed the effects of diabetes normalizing albuminuria and profibrotic proteins in the kidney to the levels observed in nondiabetic control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Maile
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Vascular Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 510 Meadowmont Village Circle, Suite 283, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
- *Laura A. Maile:
| | - Katherine Gollahon
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christine Wai
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul Dunbar
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Walker Busby
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David Clemmons
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Zeltz C, Orgel J, Gullberg D. Molecular composition and function of integrin-based collagen glues-introducing COLINBRIs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:2533-48. [PMID: 24361615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite detailed knowledge about the structure and signaling properties of individual collagen receptors, much remains to be learned about how these receptors participate in linking cells to fibrillar collagen matrices in tissues. In addition to collagen-binding integrins, a group of proteins with affinity both for fibrillar collagens and integrins link these two protein families together. We have introduced the name COLINBRI (COLlagen INtegrin BRIdging) for this set of molecules. Whereas collagens are the major building blocks in tissues and defects in these structural proteins have severe consequences for tissue integrity, the mild phenotypes of the integrin type of collagen receptors have raised questions about their importance in tissue biology and pathology. SCOPE OF REVIEW We will discuss the two types of cell linkages to fibrillar collagen (direct- versus indirect COLINBRI-mediated) and discuss how the parallel existence of direct and indirect linkages to collagens may ensure tissue integrity. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The observed mild phenotypes of mice deficient in collagen-binding integrins and the relatively restricted availability of integrin-binding sequences in mature fibrillar collagen matrices support the existence of indirect collagen-binding mechanisms in parallel with direct collagen binding in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A continued focus on understanding the molecular details of cell adhesion mechanisms to collagens will be important and will benefit our understanding of diseases like tissue- and tumor fibrosis where collagen dynamics are disturbed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Zeltz
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Joseph Orgel
- Departments of Biology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 S. Dearborn Ave, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
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Riley SP, Patterson JL, Nava S, Martinez JJ. Pathogenic Rickettsia species acquire vitronectin from human serum to promote resistance to complement-mediated killing. Cell Microbiol 2013; 16:849-61. [PMID: 24286496 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Rickettsia are transmitted from arthropod vectors and primarily infect cells of the mammalian endothelial system. Throughout this infectious cycle, the bacteria are exposed to the deleterious effects of serum complement. Using Rickettsia conorii, the etiologic agent of Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), as a model rickettsial species, we have previously demonstrated that this class of pathogen interacts with human factor H to mediate partial survival in human serum. Herein, we demonstrate that R. conorii also interacts with the terminal complement complex inhibitor vitronectin (Vn). We further demonstrate that an evolutionarily conserved rickettsial antigen, Adr1/RC1281, interacts with human vitronectin and is sufficient to mediate resistance to serum killing when expressed at the outer-membrane of serum sensitive Escherichia coli. Adr1 is an integral outer-membrane protein whose structure is predicted to contain eight membrane-embedded β-strands and four 'loop' regions that are exposed to extracellular milieu. Site-directed mutagenesis of Adr1 revealed that at least two predicted 'loop' regions are required to mediate resistance to complement-mediatedkilling and vitronectin acquisition. These results demonstrate that rickettsial species have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade complement deposition and that evasion of killing in serum is an evolutionarily conserved virulence attribute for this genus of obligate intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Riley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Howard T. Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA; Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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Abstract
The endothelium forms a selective semi-permeable barrier controlling bidirectional transfer between blood vessel and irrigated tissues. This crucial function relies on the dynamic architecture of endothelial cell-cell junctions, and in particular, VE-cadherin-mediated contacts. VE-cadherin indeed chiefly organizes the opening and closing of the endothelial barrier, and is central in permeability changes. In this review, the way VE-cadherin-based contacts are formed and maintained is first presented, including molecular traits of its expression, partners, and signaling. In a second part, the mechanisms by which VE-cadherin adhesion can be disrupted, leading to cell-cell junction weakening and endothelial permeability increase, are described. Overall, the molecular basis for VE-cadherin control of the endothelial barrier function is of high interest for biomedical research, as vascular leakage is observed in many pathological conditions and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gavard
- Cnrs; UMR8104; Paris, France; Inserm; U1016; Paris, France; Universite Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cite; Paris, France
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Leavesley DI, Kashyap AS, Croll T, Sivaramakrishnan M, Shokoohmand A, Hollier BG, Upton Z. Vitronectin--master controller or micromanager? IUBMB Life 2013; 65:807-18. [PMID: 24030926 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The concept that the mammalian glycoprotein vitronectin acts as a biological 'glue' and key controller of mammalian tissue repair and remodelling activity is emerging from nearly 50 years of experimental in vitro and in vivo data. Unexpectedly, the vitronectin-knockout (VN-KO) mouse was found to be viable and to have largely normal phenotype. However, diligent observation revealed that the VN-KO animal exhibits delayed coagulation and poor wound healing. This is interpreted to indicate that VN occupies a role in the earliest events of thrombogenesis and tissue repair. VN is the foundation upon which the thrombus grows in an organised structure. In addition to sealing the wound, the thrombus also serves to protect the underlying tissue from oxidation, is a reservoir of mitogens and tissue repair mediators, and provides a provisional scaffold for the repairing tissue. In the absence of VN (e.g., VN-KO animal), this cascade is disrupted before it begins. A wide variety of biologically active species associate with VN. Although initial studies were focused on mitogens, other classes of bioactives (e.g., glycosaminoglycans and metalloproteinases) are now also known to specifically interact with VN. Although some interactions are transient, others are long-lived and often result in multi-protein complexes. Multi-protein complexes provide several advantages: prolonging molecular interactions, sustaining local concentrations, facilitating co-stimulation of cell surface receptors and thereby enhancing cellular/biological responses. We contend that these, or equivalent, multi-protein complexes facilitate VN polyfunctionality in vivo. It is also likely that many of the species demonstrated to associate with VN in vitro, also associate with VN in vivo in similar multi-protein complexes. Thus, the predominant biological function of VN is that of a master controller of the extracellular environment; informing, and possibly instructing cells 'where' to behave, 'when' to behave and 'how' to behave (i.e., appropriately for the current circumstance).
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Leavesley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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C1 esterase inhibitor reduces lower extremity ischemia/reperfusion injury and associated lung damage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72059. [PMID: 23991040 PMCID: PMC3753343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia/reperfusion injury of lower extremities and associated lung damage may result from thrombotic occlusion, embolism, trauma, or surgical intervention with prolonged ischemia and subsequent restoration of blood flow. This clinical entity is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Deprivation of blood supply leads to molecular and structural changes in the affected tissue. Upon reperfusion inflammatory cascades are activated causing tissue injury. We therefore tested preoperative treatment for prevention of reperfusion injury by using C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 INH). Methods and Findings Wistar rats systemically pretreated with C1 INH (n = 6), APT070 (a membrane-targeted myristoylated peptidyl construct derived from human complement receptor 1, n = 4), vehicle (n = 7), or NaCl (n = 8) were subjected to 3h hind limb ischemia and 24h reperfusion. The femoral artery was clamped and a tourniquet placed under maintenance of a venous return. C1 INH treated rats showed significantly less edema in muscle (P<0.001) and lung and improved muscle viability (P<0.001) compared to controls and APT070. C1 INH prevented up-regulation of bradykinin receptor b1 (P<0.05) and VE-cadherin (P<0.01), reduced apoptosis (P<0.001) and fibrin deposition (P<0.01) and decreased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas deposition of complement components was not significantly reduced in the reperfused muscle. Conclusions C1 INH reduced edema formation locally in reperfused muscle as well as in lung, and improved muscle viability. C1 INH did not primarily act via inhibition of the complement system, but via the kinin and coagulation cascade. APT070 did not show beneficial effects in this model, despite potent inhibition of complement activation. Taken together, C1 INH might be a promising therapy to reduce peripheral ischemia/reperfusion injury and distant lung damage in complex and prolonged surgical interventions requiring tourniquet application.
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Fu Z, Wang M, Everett A, Lakatta E, Van Eyk J. Can proteomics yield insight into aging aorta? Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:477-89. [PMID: 23788441 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aging aorta exhibits structural and physiological changes that are reflected in the proteome of its component cells types. The advance in proteomic technologies has made it possible to analyze the quantity of proteins associated with the natural history of aortic aging. These alterations reflect the molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging and could provide an opportunity to predict vascular health. This paper focuses on whether discoveries stemming from the application of proteomic approaches of the intact aging aorta or vascular smooth muscle cells can provide useful insights. Although there have been limited studies to date, a number of interesting proteins have been identified that are closely associated with aging in the rat aorta. Such proteins, including milk fat globule-EGF factor 8, matrix metalloproteinase type-2, and vitronectin, could be used as indicators of vascular health, or even explored as therapeutic targets for aging-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase accentuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction and lung injury in vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1021-30. [PMID: 23306156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction and lung injury in vivo. Both cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and experimental animals [AMPK subunit α-deficient mice and wild-type (WT) control mice (C57BL/6J)] were used. In cultured HPAECs, LPS increased endothelial permeability in parallel with a decrease in AMPK activity. Consistent with this observation, AMPK activation with the potent AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) attenuated LPS-induced endothelial hyperpermeability in vitro. Intratracheal administration of LPS (1 mg/kg) in WT mice reduced AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172 in lung tissue extracts, increased protein content and cell count in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, and increased Evans Blue dye infiltration into the lung. These same attributes were similarly enhanced in AMPKα-knockout mice, compared with WT mice. Pretreatment with AICAR reduced these lung injury indicators in LPS-treated WT mice. AMPK activation with AICAR attenuated LPS-induced endothelial hyperpermeability by activating the Rac/Cdc42/PAK pathway, with concomitant inhibition of the Rho pathway, and decreased VE-cadherin phosphorylation at Tyr658. We conclude that AMPK activity supports normal endothelial barrier function and that LPS exposure inhibits AMPK, thereby contributing to endothelial barrier dysfunction and lung injury.
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Serum vitronectin levels in patients with Behçet’s disease. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1241-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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