1
|
Kehoe DH, Schießer L, Malik H, Fallah M. Motion distractors perturb saccade programming later in time than static distractors. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 4:100092. [PMID: 37397809 PMCID: PMC10313862 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism that reweights oculomotor vectors based on visual features is unclear. However, the latency of oculomotor visual activations gives insight into their antecedent featural processing. We compared the oculomotor processing time course of grayscale, task-irrelevant static and motion distractors during target selection by continuously measuring a battery of human saccadic behavioral metrics as a function of time after distractor onset. The motion direction was towards or away from the target and the motion speed was fast or slow. We compared static and motion distractors and observed that both distractors elicited curved saccades and shifted endpoints at short latencies (∼25 ms). After 50 ms, saccade trajectory biasing elicited by motion distractors lagged static distractor trajectory biasing by 10 ms. There were no such latency differences between distractor motion directions or motion speeds. This pattern suggests that additional processing of motion stimuli occurred prior to the propagation of visual information into the oculomotor system. We examined the interaction of distractor processing time (DPT) with two additional factors: saccadic reaction time (SRT) and saccadic amplitude. Shorter SRTs were associated with shorter DPT latencies of biased saccade trajectories. Both SRT and saccadic amplitude were associated with the magnitude of saccade trajectory biases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin H. Kehoe
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
- VISTA: Vision Science to Applications, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Canadian Action and Perception Network, Canada
| | - Lukas Schießer
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, 49074, Germany
| | - Hassaan Malik
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Mazyar Fallah
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
- VISTA: Vision Science to Applications, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Canadian Action and Perception Network, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
- College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Patricio Décima A, Fernando Barraza J, López-Moliner J. The perceptual dynamics of the contrast induced speed bias. Vision Res 2021; 191:107966. [PMID: 34808549 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.107966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article we present a temporal extension of the slow motion prior model to generate predictions regarding the temporal evolution of the contrast induced speed bias. We further tested these predictions using a novel experimental paradigm that allows us to measure the dynamic perceptual difference between stimuli through a series of manual pursuit open loop tasks. Results show good agreement with our model's predictions. The main findings reveal that hand speed dynamics are affected by stimulus contrast in a way that is consistent with a dynamic model of motion perception that assumes a slow motion prior. The proposed model also confirms observations made in previous studies that suggest that motion bias persisted even at high contrast as a consequence of the dynamics of the slow motion prior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Fernando Barraza
- Dpto. Luminotecnia, Luz y Visión "Herberto C. Bühler" (DLLyV), FACET, UNT, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación en Luz, Ambiente y Visión (ILAV), CONICET-UNT, Argentina
| | - Joan López-Moliner
- Vision and Control of Action (VISCA) Group, Department of Cognition, Development and Psychology of Education, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berga D, Fdez-Vidal XR, Otazu X, Leborán V, Pardo XM. Psychophysical evaluation of individual low-level feature influences on visual attention. Vision Res 2018; 154:60-79. [PMID: 30408434 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study we provide the analysis of eye movement behavior elicited by low-level feature distinctiveness with a dataset of synthetically-generated image patterns. Design of visual stimuli was inspired by the ones used in previous psychophysical experiments, namely in free-viewing and visual searching tasks, to provide a total of 15 types of stimuli, divided according to the task and feature to be analyzed. Our interest is to analyze the influences of low-level feature contrast between a salient region and the rest of distractors, providing fixation localization characteristics and reaction time of landing inside the salient region. Eye-tracking data was collected from 34 participants during the viewing of a 230 images dataset. Results show that saliency is predominantly and distinctively influenced by: 1. feature type, 2. feature contrast, 3. temporality of fixations, 4. task difficulty and 5. center bias. This experimentation proposes a new psychophysical basis for saliency model evaluation using synthetic images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Berga
- Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Computer Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xosé R Fdez-Vidal
- Centro de Investigacion en Tecnoloxias da Informacion, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xavier Otazu
- Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Computer Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Leborán
- Centro de Investigacion en Tecnoloxias da Informacion, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xosé M Pardo
- Centro de Investigacion en Tecnoloxias da Informacion, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Poth CH, Herwig A, Schneider WX. Breaking Object Correspondence Across Saccadic Eye Movements Deteriorates Object Recognition. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:176. [PMID: 26732235 PMCID: PMC4685059 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual perception is based on information processing during periods of eye fixations that are interrupted by fast saccadic eye movements. The ability to sample and relate information on task-relevant objects across fixations implies that correspondence between presaccadic and postsaccadic objects is established. Postsaccadic object information usually updates and overwrites information on the corresponding presaccadic object. The presaccadic object representation is then lost. In contrast, the presaccadic object is conserved when object correspondence is broken. This helps transsaccadic memory but it may impose attentional costs on object recognition. Therefore, we investigated how breaking object correspondence across the saccade affects postsaccadic object recognition. In Experiment 1, object correspondence was broken by a brief postsaccadic blank screen. Observers made a saccade to a peripheral object which was displaced during the saccade. This object reappeared either immediately after the saccade or after the blank screen. Within the postsaccadic object, a letter was briefly presented (terminated by a mask). Observers reported displacement direction and letter identity in different blocks. Breaking object correspondence by blanking improved displacement identification but deteriorated postsaccadic letter recognition. In Experiment 2, object correspondence was broken by changing the object's contrast-polarity. There were no object displacements and observers only reported letter identity. Again, breaking object correspondence deteriorated postsaccadic letter recognition. These findings identify transsaccadic object correspondence as a key determinant of object recognition across the saccade. This is in line with the recent hypothesis that breaking object correspondence results in separate representations of presaccadic and postsaccadic objects which then compete for limited attentional processing resources (Schneider, 2013). Postsaccadic object recognition is then deteriorated because less resources are available for processing postsaccadic objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian H. Poth
- Neuro-Cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Arvid Herwig
- Neuro-Cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Werner X. Schneider
- Neuro-Cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teichert T, Ferrera VP, Grinband J. Humans optimize decision-making by delaying decision onset. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89638. [PMID: 24599295 PMCID: PMC3943733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do humans make errors on seemingly trivial perceptual decisions? It has been shown that such errors occur in part because the decision process (evidence accumulation) is initiated before selective attention has isolated the relevant sensory information from salient distractors. Nevertheless, it is typically assumed that subjects increase accuracy by prolonging the decision process rather than delaying decision onset. To date it has not been tested whether humans can strategically delay decision onset to increase response accuracy. To address this question we measured the time course of selective attention in a motion interference task using a novel variant of the response signal paradigm. Based on these measurements we estimated time-dependent drift rate and showed that subjects should in principle be able trade speed for accuracy very effectively by delaying decision onset. Using the time-dependent estimate of drift rate we show that subjects indeed delay decision onset in addition to raising response threshold when asked to stress accuracy over speed in a free reaction version of the same motion-interference task. These findings show that decision onset is a critical aspect of the decision process that can be adjusted to effectively improve decision accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Teichert
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vincent P. Ferrera
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hohl SS, Chaisanguanthum KS, Lisberger SG. Sensory population decoding for visually guided movements. Neuron 2013; 79:167-79. [PMID: 23849202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have used a new approach to study the neural decoding function that converts the population response in extrastriate area MT into estimates of target motion to drive smooth pursuit eye movement. Experiments reveal significant trial-by-trial correlations between the responses of MT neurons and the initiation of pursuit. The preponderance of significant correlations and the relatively low reduction in noise between MT and the behavioral output support the hypothesis of a sensory origin for at least some of the trial-by-trial variation in pursuit initiation. The finding of mainly positive MT-pursuit correlations, whether the target speed is faster or slower than the neuron's preferred speed, places strong constraints on the neural decoding computation. We propose that decoding is based on normalizing a weighted population vector of opponent motion responses; normalization comes from neurons uncorrelated with those used to compute the weighted population vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja S Hohl
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|