1
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Behdarvandian P, Nasr-Esfahani A, Tavalaee M, Pashaei K, Naderi N, Darmishonnejad Z, Hallak J, Aitken RJ, Gharagozloo P, Drevet JR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA ®) and flow cytometry-assisted TUNEL assay provide a concordant assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation as a function of age in a large cohort of approximately 10,000 patients. Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:33. [PMID: 38030992 PMCID: PMC10688019 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-023-00208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sperm DNA integrity is increasingly seen as a critical characteristic determining reproductive success, both in natural reproduction and in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Despite this awareness, sperm DNA and nuclear integrity tests are still not part of routine examinations for either infertile men or fertile men wishing to assess their reproductive capacity. This is not due to the unavailability of DNA and sperm nuclear integrity tests. On the contrary, several relevant but distinct tests are available and have been used in many clinical trials, which has led to conflicting results and confusion. The reasons for this are mainly the lack of standardization between different clinics and between the tests themselves. In addition, the small number of samples analyzed in these trials has often weakened the value of the analyses performed. In the present work, we used a large cohort of semen samples, covering a wide age range, which were simultaneously evaluated for sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) using two of the most frequently used SDF assays, namely the TUNEL assay and the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA®). At the same time, as standard seminal parameters (sperm motility, sperm morphology, sperm count) were available for these samples, correlations between age, SDF and conventional seminal parameters were analyzed. RESULTS We show that the SCSA® and TUNEL assessments of SDF produce concordant data. However, the SDF assessed by TUNEL is systematically lower than that assessed by SCSA®. Regardless of the test used, the SDF increases steadily during aging, while the HDS parameter (High DNA stainability assessed via SCSA®) remains unchanged. In the cohort analyzed, conventional sperm parameters do not seem to discriminate with aging. Only sperm volume and motility were significantly lower in the oldest age group analyzed [50-59 years of age]. CONCLUSIONS In the large cohort analyzed, SDF is an age-dependent parameter, increasing linearly with aging. The SCSA® assessment of SDF and the flow cytometry-assisted TUNEL assessment are well correlated, although TUNEL is less sensitive than SCSA®. This difference in sensitivity should be taken into account in the final assessment of the true level of fragmentation of the sperm nucleus of a given sample. The classical sperm parameters (motility, morphology, sperm count) do not change dramatically with age, making them inadequate to assess the fertility potential of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Behdarvandian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran
| | - Ali Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran.
- Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran
| | - Kosar Pashaei
- Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nushin Naderi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran
| | - Zahra Darmishonnejad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo, 04534-011, Brazil
| | - Robert J Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Joël R Drevet
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD Institute, CRBC, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran.
- Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Villeneuve P, Saez F, Hug E, Chorfa A, Guiton R, Schubert B, Force A, Drevet JR. Spermatozoa isolation with Felix™ outperforms conventional density gradient centrifugation preparation in selecting cells with low DNA damage. Andrology 2023; 11:1593-1604. [PMID: 36629014 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimization of spermatozoa preparation techniques in order to obtain cell fractions enriched with structurally and functionally "superior" spermatozoa is a key objective of the assisted reproduction industry. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate a recent development of an electrophoretic spermatozoa separation device (Felix™, Memphasys Ltd, Sydney, Australia) and to compare its performance with conventional spermatozoa preparation by density gradient centrifugation (DGC). Particular attention was paid to the evaluation of sperm DNA/nuclear integrity. MATERIALS & METHODS A cohort of 29 human semen samples was studied. Semen samples were analyzed fresh and after DGC or Felix™ preparation. Semen parameters monitored included sample volume, sperm count, total motility, progressive motility, sperm DNA fragmentation using the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay and sperm DNA oxidation. RESULTS Spermatozoa preparation with Felix™ resulted in significantly improved spermatozoa fractions with higher progressive motility, lower sperm DNA fragmentation, and lower sperm DNA oxidation compared with raw semen and DGC-prepared spermatozoa. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION The data collected in this study support the preparation of spermatozoa by the Felix™ system as it allows selection of spermatozoa with the highest progressive motility as well as the lowest nuclear/DNA damage. These improved sperm parameters, along with the fact that the Felix™ separation process is very fast and highly standardized, should be of great interest to the assisted reproduction technologies industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Villeneuve
- GReD Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne-Inserm U1103-CNRS UMR6293, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- GReD Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne-Inserm U1103-CNRS UMR6293, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisa Hug
- GReD Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne-Inserm U1103-CNRS UMR6293, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Areski Chorfa
- GReD Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne-Inserm U1103-CNRS UMR6293, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rachel Guiton
- GReD Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne-Inserm U1103-CNRS UMR6293, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Schubert
- Eurofins Biomnis-Institut Rhônalpin, Médicentre de la clinique du Val d'Ouest, Ecully, France
| | - André Force
- Eurofins Biomnis-Institut Rhônalpin, Médicentre de la clinique du Val d'Ouest, Ecully, France
| | - Joël R Drevet
- GReD Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne-Inserm U1103-CNRS UMR6293, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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3
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Pei J, Pan X, Wei G, Hua Y. Research progress of glutathione peroxidase family (GPX) in redoxidation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1147414. [PMID: 36937839 PMCID: PMC10017475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the balance of a cell's redox function is key to determining cell fate. In the critical redox system of mammalian cells, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is the most prominent family of proteins with a multifaceted function that affects almost all cellular processes. A total of eight members of the GPX family are currently found, namely GPX1-GPX8. They have long been used as antioxidant enzymes to play an important role in combating oxidative stress and maintaining redox balance. However, each member of the GPX family has a different mechanism of action and site of action in maintaining redox balance. GPX1-4 and GPX6 use selenocysteine as the active center to catalyze the reduction of H2O2 or organic hydroperoxides to water or corresponding alcohols, thereby reducing their toxicity and maintaining redox balance. In addition to reducing H2O2 and small molecule hydroperoxides, GPX4 is also capable of reducing complex lipid compounds. It is the only enzyme in the GPX family that directly reduces and destroys lipid hydroperoxides. The active sites of GPX5 and GPX7-GPX8 do not contain selenium cysteine (Secys), but instead, have cysteine residues (Cys) as their active sites. GPX5 is mainly expressed in epididymal tissue and plays a role in protecting sperm from oxidative stress. Both enzymes, GPX7 and GPX8, are located in the endoplasmic reticulum and are necessary enzymes involved in the oxidative folding of endoplasmic reticulum proteins, and GPX8 also plays an important role in the regulation of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum. With an in-depth understanding of the role of the GPX family members in health and disease development, redox balance has become the functional core of GPX family, in order to further clarify the expression and regulatory mechanism of each member in the redox process, we reviewed GPX family members separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pei
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyu Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgrey, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Hua,
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4
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Drevet JR, Hallak J, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Aitken RJ. Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Consequences on the Structure and Function of Mammalian Spermatozoa. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:481-500. [PMID: 34913729 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Among the 200 or so cell types that comprise mammals, spermatozoa have an ambiguous relationship with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inherent in the consumption of oxygen that supports aerobic metabolism. Recent Advances: In this review, we shall see that spermatozoa need the action of ROS to reach their structural and functional maturity, but that due to intrinsic unique characteristics, they are, perhaps more than any other cell type, susceptible to oxidative damage. Recent studies have improved our knowledge of how oxidative damage affects sperm structures and functions. The focus of this review will be on how genetic and epigenetic oxidative alterations to spermatozoa can have dramatic unintended consequences in terms of both the support and the suppression of sperm function. Critical Issues: Oxidative stress can have dramatic consequences not only for the spermatozoon itself, but also, and above all, on its primary objective, which is to carry out fertilization and to ensure, in part, that the embryonic development program should lead to a healthy progeny. Future Directions: Sperm oxidative DNA damage largely affects the integrity of the paternal genetic material to such an extent that the oocyte may have difficulties in correcting it. Diagnostic and therapeutic actions should be considered more systematically, especially in men with difficulties to conceive. Research is underway to determine whether the epigenetic information carried by spermatozoa is also subject to changes mediated by pro-oxidative situations. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 481-500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël R Drevet
- Faculty of Medicine, GReD Institute, INSERM U1103-CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Robert J Aitken
- Faculty of Science and Priority Research Center for Reproductive Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Center for Reproductive Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
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5
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Wang K, Gao Y, Wang C, Liang M, Liao Y, Hu K. Role of Oxidative Stress in Varicocele. Front Genet 2022; 13:850114. [PMID: 35401656 PMCID: PMC8984266 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.850114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the official statistics of the World Health Organization, at least 48 million couples and 186 million people suffer from infertility. Varicocele has been recognized as the leading cause of male infertility and can affect spermatogenesis and cause testicular and epididymal disorders through multiple diverse pathophysiological processes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxidative stress have been reconciled as an important pathogenic factor throughout the course of varicocele. Testis respond to heat stress, hypoxia, and inflammation at the cost of producing excessive ROS. High levels of ROS can lead to infertility not only through lipid peroxidation or DNA damage, but also by inactivating enzymes and proteins in spermatogenesis. This review studies the oxidative stress and its role in the pathophysiology and molecular biology of varicocele in the context of a decline in fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ke Hu
- *Correspondence: Ke Hu, ; Yaping Liao,
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6
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Ruiz-Valderrama L, Posadas-Rodríguez J, Bonilla-Jaime H, Tarragó-Castellanos MDR, González-Márquez H, Arrieta-Cruz I, González-Núñez L, Salame-Méndez A, Rodríguez-Tobón A, Morales-Méndez JG, Arenas-Ríos E. Sperm Dysfunction in the Testes and Epididymides due to Overweight and Obesity Is Not Caused by Oxidative Stress. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:3734572. [PMID: 36263361 PMCID: PMC9576436 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3734572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a condition that has been linked to male infertility. The current hypothesis regarding the cause of infertility is that sperm are highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) during spermatogenesis in the testes and transit through the epididymides, so the increase in ROS brought on by obesity could cause oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is capable of counteracting oxidative stress in sperm. The male Wistar rat was used as an overweight and obesity model, and analysis of fertility in these groups was carried out including the control group. Serum testosterone levels were determined, and the scrotal fat, testes, and epididymides were extracted. The epididymides were separated ini0 3 principal parts (caput, corpus, and cauda) before evaluating sperm viability, sperm morphology, damage to desoxyribonucleic acid of the sperm, and ROS production. The protein content and specific activity of the three enzymes mentioned above were evaluated. Results showed a gain in body weight and scrotal fat in the overweight and obese groups with decreased parameters for serum testosterone levels and sperm viability and morphology. Fertility was not greatly affected and no DNA integrity damage was found, although ROS in the epididymal sperm increased markedly and Raman spectroscopy showed a disulfide bridge collapse associated with DNA. The specific activities of CAT and GPX increased in the overweight and obesity groups, but those of SOD did not change. The amounts of proteins in the testes and epididymides decreased. These findings confirm that overweight and obesity decrease concentrations of free testosterone and seem to decrease protein content, causing poor sperm quality. Implications. An increase in scrotal fat in these conditions fosters an increase of ROS, but the increase of GPX and CAT activity seems to avoid oxidative stress increase in the sperm without damaging your DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz-Valderrama
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad y Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jaqueline Posadas-Rodríguez
- Maestría en Biología de la Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de La Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | | | - Humberto González-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arrieta-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Ciudad de México 10200, Mexico
| | - Leticia González-Núñez
- Departamento de Biología de La Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Arturo Salame-Méndez
- Departamento de Biología de La Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Ahiezer Rodríguez-Tobón
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | | | - Edith Arenas-Ríos
- Departamento de Biología de La Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
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7
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Wu C, Wang C, Zhai B, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Yuan Z, Zhang M, Tian K, Fu X. Study of microRNA Expression Profile in Different Regions of Ram Epididymis. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1209-1219. [PMID: 34169586 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The regional expression of epididymal genes provides a guarantee for sperm maturation. As a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in spermatogenesis, maturation and fertilization. Currently, the regulatory role of miRNA in the epididymis is poorly understood. Here, transcriptome sequencing was used to analyse miRNA expression profiles in three regions of the epididymis of rams, including caput, corpus and cauda. The results showed that there were 13 known miRNAs between the caput and corpus controls, 29 between the caput and cauda and 22 differences between the corpus and cauda. Based on the analysis of miRNA target genes by GO and KEGG, a negative regulation network of miRNA-mRNA was constructed in which let-7, miR-541-5p, miR-133b and miR-150 may play an important regulatory role in the maturation regulation of ram epididymal sperm. This research provides a reference for studying the regulation mechanism of sperm maturation in male epididymis and improving semen quality and male reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Wu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.,Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxin Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Bo Zhai
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Zhiyu Yuan
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Kechuan Tian
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool sheep & Cashmere-goat, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
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8
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Homma T, Kurahashi T, Ishii N, Shirasawa N, Fujii J. Testis-specific peroxiredoxin 4 variant is not absolutely required for spermatogenesis and fertility in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17934. [PMID: 33087733 PMCID: PMC7577974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDX4, a member of peroxiredoxin family, is largely concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plays a pivotal role in the redox relay during oxidative protein folding as well as in peroxidase reactions. A testis-specific PRDX4 variant transcript (PRDX4t) lacks the conventional exon 1, which encodes the signal peptide that is required for entry into the ER lumen, but instead carries alternative exon 1, which is transcribed from the upstream promoter in a testis-specific manner and results in the PRDX4t protein being localized in the cytosol. However, the potential roles of PRDX4t in male genital action remain unknown. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, we first disrupted the testis-specific promoter/exon 1 and generated mice that were specifically deficient in PRDX4t. The resulting PRDX4t knockout (KO) mice underwent normal spermatogenesis and showed no overt abnormalities in the testis. Mating PRDX4t KO male mice with wild-type (WT) female mice produced normal numbers of offspring, indicating that a PRDX4t deficiency alone had no effect on fertility in the male mice. We then generated mice lacking both PRDX4 and PRDX4t by disrupting exon 2, which is communal to these variants. The resulting double knockout (DKO) mice were again fertile, and mature sperm isolated from the epididymis of DKO mice exhibited a normal fertilizing ability in vitro. In the meantime, the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which plays an essential role in the disulfide bond formation during spermatogenesis, were significantly increased in the testis and caput epididymis of the DKO mice compared with the WT mice. Based on these results, we conclude that the disruption of the function of PRDX4t in the spermatogenic process appears to be compensated by other factors including GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kurahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.,Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shirasawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, 981-8551, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
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9
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Souza APB, Lopes TN, da Silva AFT, Santi L, Beys-da-Silva WO, Yates JR, Bustamante-Filho IC. Changes in porcine cauda epididymal fluid proteome by disrupting the HPT axis: Unveiling potential mechanisms of male infertility. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:952-965. [PMID: 32749760 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility or subfertility is frequently associated with disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis events, like secondary hypogonadism. However, little is known how this condition affects the proteomic composition of the epididymal fluid. In the present study, we evaluated the proteomic changes in the cauda epididymal fluid (CEF) in a swine model of secondary hypogonadism induced by anti-GnRH immunization using multidimensional protein identification technology. Seven hundred and eighteen proteins were identified in both GnRH-immunized and control groups. GnRH immunization doubled the number of proteins in the CEF, with 417 proteins being found exclusively in samples from GnRH-immunized boars. CEF from GnRH-immunized boars presented an increase in the number of proteins related to cellular and metabolic processes, with affinity to organic cyclic compounds, small molecules, and heterocyclic compounds, as well changed the enzymatic profile of the CEF. Also, a significant increase in the number of proteins associated to the ubiquitin-proteasome system was identified in CEF from GnRH-immunized animals. These results bring strong evidence of the impact of secondary hypogonadism on the epididymal environment, which is responsible for sperm maturation and storage prior ejaculation. Finally, the differently expressed proteins in the CEF are putative seminal biomarkers for testicular and epididymal disorders caused by secondary hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P B Souza
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tayná N Lopes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anna F T da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Walter O Beys-da-Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California
| | - Ivan C Bustamante-Filho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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10
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Abstract
Significance: Spermatozoa are very sensitive to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the limited antioxidant systems present in these terminal cells. However, tight regulation of ROS levels must be ensured to accomplish the unique goal of the spermatozoon, that is, the transfer of the paternal genome into the mature oocyte during the fertilization process. Thus, it is essential that the restricted antioxidant enzymatic systems are active for sperm function. Recent Advances: Oxidative stress is associated with low sperm quality. High levels of ROS in spermatozoa produce oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA that lead to lipid peroxidation, oxidation of essential structural proteins and enzymes, and mutations due to oxidation of DNA. Critical Issues: In this study, we described the available knockout mouse models that helped to better understand the role of different antioxidant enzymes in male fertility. We focused mainly on those studies that directly explore the effects of the lack of these enzymes in male fertility and included information when existing knockout mouse models produced for other purposes were used. Special attention was given in this review to the consequences of the absence of antioxidant enzymes on sperm quality and fertility of aging males from the knockout models. Future Directions: Further studies using novel mouse models lacking different antioxidants and their combinations are essential to understand the consequences of high levels of ROS in aging testes, epididymes, spermatozoa, and embryo development to produce a healthy baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Scarlata
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,The Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cristian O'Flaherty
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,The Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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11
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The Exacerbation of Aging and Oxidative Stress in the Epididymis of Sod1 Null Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020151. [PMID: 32054065 PMCID: PMC7071042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the quality of spermatozoa decreases with age and that children of older fathers have a higher incidence of birth defects and genetic mutations. The free radical theory of aging proposes that changes with aging are due to the accumulation of damage induced by exposure to excess reactive oxygen species. We showed previously that absence of the superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) antioxidant gene results in impaired mechanisms of repairing DNA damage in the testis in young Sod1−/− mice. In this study, we examined the effects of aging and the Sod−/− mutation on mice epididymal histology and the expression of markers of oxidative damage. We found that both oxidative nucleic acid damage (via 8-hydroxyguanosine) and lipid peroxidation (via 4-hydroxynonenal) increased with age and in Sod1−/− mice. These findings indicate that lack of SOD1 results in an exacerbation of the oxidative damage accumulation-related aging phenotype.
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12
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Drevet JR, Aitken RJ. Oxidation of Sperm Nucleus in Mammals: A Physiological Necessity to Some Extent with Adverse Impacts on Oocyte and Offspring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E95. [PMID: 31979208 PMCID: PMC7070651 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cells have long been known to be good producers of reactive oxygen species, while they are also known to be particularly sensitive to oxidative damage affecting their structures and functions. As with all organic cellular components, sperm nuclear components and, in particular, nucleic acids undergo oxidative alterations that have recently been shown to be commonly encountered in clinical practice. This review will attempt to provide an overview of this situation. After a brief coverage of the biological reasons why the sperm nucleus and associated DNA are sensitive to oxidative damage, a summary of the most recent results concerning the oxidation of sperm DNA in animal and human models will be presented. The study will then attempt to cover the possible consequences of sperm nuclear oxidation on male fertility and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël R. Drevet
- Faculty of Medicine, GReD Institute, INSERM U1103—CNRS UMR6293—Université Clermont Auvergne, CRBC building, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Robert John Aitken
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, Australia;
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, Australia
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, 13 2305 Newcastle, Australia
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13
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Luan Z, Fan X, Song H, Li R, Zhang W, Zhang J. Testosterone promotes GPX5 expression of goat epididymal epithelial cells cultured in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:677-685. [PMID: 31429037 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are involved in maintaining epididymal structure and function. In the present study, primary culture of goat EECs and effect of testosterone on expression of glutathione peroxidase-5 (GPX5) in goat epididymal epithelial cells (EECs) were investigated. The EECs isolated from 12-mo-old goat caput epididymis were cultured with testosterone in vitro, and expression of glutathione peroxidase-5 (GPX5) and androgen receptors (ARs) was analyzed. Our results showed that testosterone effectively increased EEC proliferation activity, and EECs cultured with testosterone could maintain molecular markers for up to 12 passages. Compared with the control group, 100 nM testosterone significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of GPX5 (P < 0.05) and ARs (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) in EECs, and this effect was blocked by the AR blocker enzalutamide. In conclusion, testosterone can promote the expression of GPX5 in EECs by up-regulating AR expression. We established an effective culture system for goat EECs which can be for further investigation on the regulation of epithelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojin Luan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China. .,Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionKey Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Xiaomei Fan
- Basic Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huizi Song
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionKey Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruilan Li
- Basic Medical College, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionKey Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China. .,Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionKey Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China.
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14
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Vorilhon S, Brugnon F, Kocer A, Dollet S, Bourgne C, Berger M, Janny L, Pereira B, Aitken RJ, Moazamian A, Gharagozloo P, Drevet J, Pons-Rejraji H. Accuracy of human sperm DNA oxidation quantification and threshold determination using an 8-OHdG immuno-detection assay. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:553-562. [PMID: 29579272 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can a discriminant threshold be determined for human sperm DNA oxidation? SUMMARY ANSWER A discriminant threshold was found with 65.8% of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)-positive sperm cells and a mean intensity of fluorescence (MIF) of 552 arbitrary units. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Oxidative stress is known to interfere with sperm quality and fertilizing capacity. However, current practice does not include the routine determination of oxidative DNA damage in spermatozoa; optimized consensus protocols are lacking and no thresholds of normality have been established. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Intra- and inter-method comparisons between four protocols (I-IV) were conducted to determine the most relevant and efficient means of assessing human sperm 8-OHdG content. Tests of assay repeatability, specificity, sensitivity and stability were performed to validate an optimized methodology for routine diagnostic use. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This prospective study compared three immuno-detection methods including immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Sperm DNA oxidation for 80 patients was determined relative to semen parameters and clinical conditions, using the selected immuno-detection protocol in comparison with a commercial kit. These patients (age 35 ± 1 years: mean ± SEM) presented with normozoospermic (n = 40) or altered parameters (necro- or/and astheno- or/and teratozoospermia or/and leukocytospermia). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Significant positive Pearson and Spearman correlations were determined for 8-OHdG values and sperm parameters using protocol III. A notable high and positive correlation was revealed for MIF with BMI and leukocyte concentration. Protocol III was the most discriminating method regarding assay repeatability, specificity, sensitivity, stability and reliability for sperm parameter alterations, in particular leukocytospermia according to parametric or non-parametric tests, effect-size determinations and factorial analysis such as principal component analysis and factor discriminant analysis. Of interest is that 39% of the subjects with 'pathological' sperm DNA oxidation values were normozoospermic. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The oligozoospermic population was not evaluated in this study because insufficient material was available to carry out the comparisons. However, spermatozoa concentration was taken into account in the statistical analysis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study is the first validation of a protocol to determine a discriminant threshold for human sperm DNA oxidation. The protocol's detection accuracy for 8-OHdG human sperm DNA residues, stability over time, and relationship to human sperm quality were demonstrated. The assay should find application in the diagnosis of male factor infertility associated with oxidative stress. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded by institutional grants from the CNRS, INSERM and Université Clermont Auvergne (to J.R.D.) and by Clermont-Ferrand Hospital-CECOS research funds (to L.J. and F.B.). P.G., A.M., R.J.A. and J.D. are, respectively, CEO, scientific director and scientific advisors of a US-based biotech company (Celloxess, Princeton, NJ, USA) involved in preventative medicine with a focus on the generation of antioxidant oral supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vorilhon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, AMP, CECOS, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Brugnon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, AMP, CECOS, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR Médecine, INSERM 1240, IMoST., F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Dollet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR Médecine, INSERM 1240, IMoST., F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Bourgne
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Berger
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Janny
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, AMP, CECOS, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, DRCI, 'Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation', Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R J Aitken
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - A Moazamian
- CellOxess LLC, 830 Bear Tavern Road, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
| | - P Gharagozloo
- CellOxess LLC, 830 Bear Tavern Road, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
| | - J Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - H Pons-Rejraji
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, AMP, CECOS, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR Médecine, INSERM 1240, IMoST., F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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15
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O'Flaherty C. Peroxiredoxin 6: The Protector of Male Fertility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7120173. [PMID: 30477206 PMCID: PMC6316438 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The spermatozoon is a terminal cell with the unique purpose of delivering the paternal genome to the oocyte during fertilization. Once spermatozoa enter into the female reproductive tract, they count on only the antioxidant protection that they received during spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), particularly PRDX6, are important players in the antioxidant protection and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in spermatozoa. PRDX6, through its peroxidase and calcium-independent phospholipase A₂ activities, plays a major role in the regulation of ROS to maintain viability and motility and allow the spermatozoon to achieve fertilizing ability during the complex process of capacitation. The absence of PRDX6 is sufficient to promote abnormal reproductive outcomes in mice that resemble what we observe in infertile men. Indeed, Prdx6-/- spermatozoa display low motility and severe DNA damage, which is translated into reduced ability to fertilize oocytes in vitro or produce a low number of pups compared to wild-type controls. This review focuses on the role of PRDX6 as the primary antioxidant enzyme that protects the spermatozoon from oxidative-stress-associated damages to protect the paternal genome and assure fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian O'Flaherty
- Departments of Surgery (Urology Division) and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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16
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Champroux A, Cocquet J, Henry-Berger J, Drevet JR, Kocer A. A Decade of Exploring the Mammalian Sperm Epigenome: Paternal Epigenetic and Transgenerational Inheritance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:50. [PMID: 29868581 PMCID: PMC5962689 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen a tremendous increase in interest and progress in the field of sperm epigenetics. Studies have shown that chromatin regulation during male germline development is multiple and complex, and that the spermatozoon possesses a unique epigenome. Its DNA methylation profile, DNA-associated proteins, nucleo-protamine distribution pattern and non-coding RNA set up a unique epigenetic landscape which is delivered, along with its haploid genome, to the oocyte upon fertilization, and therefore can contribute to embryogenesis and to the offspring health. An emerging body of compelling data demonstrates that environmental exposures and paternal lifestyle can change the sperm epigenome and, consequently, may affect both the embryonic developmental program and the health of future generations. This short review will attempt to provide an overview of what is currently known about sperm epigenome and the existence of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of paternally acquired traits that may contribute to the offspring phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Champroux
- GReD, Laboratoire “Génétique, Reproduction and Développement,” UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Cocquet
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Henry-Berger
- GReD, Laboratoire “Génétique, Reproduction and Développement,” UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joël R. Drevet
- GReD, Laboratoire “Génétique, Reproduction and Développement,” UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- GReD, Laboratoire “Génétique, Reproduction and Développement,” UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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17
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Li R, Fan X, Zhang T, Song H, Bian X, Nai R, Li J, Zhang J. Expression of selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPx5) in the epididymis of Small Tail Han sheep. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1591-1597. [PMID: 29642666 PMCID: PMC6127586 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase (GPx5) is specifically expressed in the mammalian epididymis and plays an important role in protecting sperm from reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation damage. This study investigates GPx5 expression in the epididymis of Small Tail Han sheep. METHODS GPx5 expression was studied in three age groups: lamb (2 to 3 months), young (8 to 10 months), and adult (18 to 24 months). The epididymis of each age group divided into caput, corpus and cauda, respectively. Analysis the expression quantity of GPx5 in epididymis and testis by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Finally, GPx5 protein locating in the epididymis by immunohistochemical. RESULTS The results demonstrate that in the lamb group, the GPx5 mRNA, but not protein, can be detected. GPx5 mRNA and expressed protein were detected in both the young and adult groups. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of GPx5 were significantly higher in the young group than in other two groups. When the different segments of epididymis were investigated, GPx5 mRNA was expressed in each segment of epididymis regardless of age. Additionally, the mRNA level in the caput was significantly higher than that in corpus and cauda within same age group. The GPx5 protein was in the epithelial cells' cytoplasm. However, GPx5 mRNA and protein were not detected in the testis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GPx5 is mainly expressed in the epididymis of Small Tail Han sheep, and that the expression level of GPx5 is associated with age. Additionally, GPx5 was primarily expressed in the epithelial cells of the caput. Taken together, these studies indicate that GPx5 is expressed in the epididymis in all age grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaomei Fan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.,Basic Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Huizi Song
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaona Bian
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Rile Nai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010018, China
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18
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Gao S, Li C, Chen L, Zhou X. Actions and mechanisms of reactive oxygen species and antioxidative system in semen. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-017-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Champroux A, Torres-Carreira J, Gharagozloo P, Drevet JR, Kocer A. Mammalian sperm nuclear organization: resiliencies and vulnerabilities. Basic Clin Androl 2016; 26:17. [PMID: 28031843 PMCID: PMC5175393 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-016-0044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm cells are remarkably complex and highly specialized compared to somatic cells. Their function is to deliver to the oocyte the paternal genomic blueprint along with a pool of proteins and RNAs so a new generation can begin. Reproductive success, including optimal embryonic development and healthy offspring, greatly depends on the integrity of the sperm chromatin structure. It is now well documented that DNA damage in sperm is linked to reproductive failures both in natural and assisted conception (Assisted Reproductive Technologies [ART]). This manuscript reviews recent important findings concerning - the unusual organization of mammalian sperm chromatin and its impact on reproductive success when modified. This review is focused on sperm chromatin damage and their impact on embryonic development and transgenerational inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Champroux
- GReD “Genetics, Reproduction & Development” Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont Université, BP60026 - TSA60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France
| | - J. Torres-Carreira
- Centro Universitário Rio Preto, UNIRP, Rodovia Br153, Km 69, CEP15093-450 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - P. Gharagozloo
- CellOxess LLC, 830 Bear Tavern Road, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA
| | - J. R. Drevet
- GReD “Genetics, Reproduction & Development” Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont Université, BP60026 - TSA60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France
| | - A. Kocer
- GReD “Genetics, Reproduction & Development” Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont Université, BP60026 - TSA60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France
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20
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Zhang ZW, Qiao N, Kang ZL, Chen ZL, Hu LM, Yang ZM, Li Y. Copper-Induced Spermatozoa Head Malformation Is Related to Oxidative Damage to Testes in CD-1 Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:427-32. [PMID: 27025717 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism for copper toxicity on spermatozoa quality in mice is not well understood. In a 4-week experiment, we challenged 24, 6-week-old male CD-1 mice with twice-a-week intraperitoneal copper chloride injections and evaluated spermatozoa quality, copper levels in the testes, serum testosterone, the expression of key antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPx5), and the regulated androgen receptor (AR) in the mice testes. We compared these outcomes for four groups of six mice given doses of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg weight copper chloride twice a week for 4 weeks. The mice demonstrated a copper increase spermatozoa head malformation in a dose-response manner. However, we observed no changes in spermatozoa viability and acrosome integrity in the ratio of mouse body weight to testes weight or in the histomorphology of the testes as the average copper level increased. Results of our RT-PCR assays, immunohistochemical tests, ELISA, and histochemistry analyses indicated that testis GPx5 expression was increased, AR expression in the testes was decreased, serum testosterone was decreased, and the activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was decreased as the copper dose increased. In conclusion, these data show that sublethal exposure to copper induces spermatozoa head malformation and influences both mRNA and protein levels of GPx5 and AR which is related to copper resides in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Long Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lian-Mei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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21
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Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase (GPX5) are markers for boar sperm quality. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 165:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Gharagozloo P, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Champroux A, Noblanc A, Kocer A, Calle A, Pérez-Cerezales S, Pericuesta E, Polhemus A, Moazamian A, Drevet JR, Aitken RJ. A novel antioxidant formulation designed to treat male infertility associated with oxidative stress: promising preclinical evidence from animal models. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:252-62. [PMID: 26732620 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does a novel antioxidant formulation designed to restore redox balance within the male reproductive tract, reduce sperm DNA damage and increase pregnancy rates in mouse models of sperm oxidative stress? SUMMARY ANSWER Oral administration of a novel antioxidant formulation significantly reduced sperm DNA damage in glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5), knockout mice and restored pregnancy rates to near-normal levels in mice subjected to scrotal heat stress. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Animal and human studies have documented the adverse effect of sperm DNA damage on fertilization rates, embryo quality, miscarriage rates and the transfer of de novo mutations to offspring. Semen samples of infertile men are known to be deficient in several key antioxidants relative to their fertile counterparts. Antioxidants alone or in combination have demonstrated limited efficacy against sperm oxidative stress and DNA damage in numerous human clinical trials, however these studies have not been definitive and an optimum combination has remained elusive. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The efficacy of the antioxidant formulation was evaluated in two well-established mouse models of oxidative stress, scrotal heating and Gpx5 knockout (KO) mice, (n = 12 per experimental group), by two independent laboratories. Mice were provided the antioxidant product in their drinking water for 2-8 weeks and compared with control groups for sperm DNA damage and pregnancy rates. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In the Gpx5 KO model, oxidative DNA damage was monitored in spermatozoa by immunocytochemical detection of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG). In the scrotal heat stress model, male fertility was tested by partnering with three females for 5 days. The percentage of pregnant females, number of vaginal plugs, resorptions per litter, and litter size were recorded. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE Using immunocytochemical detection of 8OHdG as a biomarker of DNA oxidation, analysis of control mice revealed that around 30% of the sperm population was positively stained. This level increased to about 60% in transgenic mice deficient in the antioxidant enzyme, GPX5. Our results indicate that an 8 week pretreatment of Gpx5 KO mice with the antioxidant formulation provided complete protection of sperm DNA against oxidative damage. In mouse models of scrotal heat stress, only 35% (19/54) of female mice became pregnant resulting in 169 fetuses with 18% fetal resorption (30/169). This is in contrast to the antioxidant pretreated group where 74% (42/57) of female mice became pregnant, resulting in 427 fetuses with 9% fetal resorption (38/427). In both animal models the protection provided by the novel antioxidant was statistically significant (P < 0.01 for the reduction of 8OHdG in the spermatozoa of Gpx5 KO mice and P < 0.05 for increase in fertility in the scrotal heat stress model). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION It was not possible to determine the exact level of antioxidant consumption for each mouse during the treatment period. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Recent clinical studies confirm moderate to severe sperm DNA damage in about 60% of all men visiting IVF centers and in about 80% of men diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility. Our results, if confirmed in humans, will impact clinical fertility practice because they support the concept of using an efficacious antioxidant supplementation as a preconception therapy, in order to optimize fertilization rates, help to maintain a healthy pregnancy and limit the mutational load carried by children. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study was funded by the Clermont Université and the University of Madrid. P.G. is the Managing Director of CellOxess LLC, which has a commercial interest in the detection and resolution of oxidative stress. A.M. and A.P. are employees of CellOxess, LLC. J.R.D., A.G.-A. and R.J.A. are honorary members of the CellOxess advisory board.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gharagozloo
- CellOxess LLC, 15 Roszel Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | | | - A Champroux
- GReD Lab CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103 Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - A Noblanc
- GReD Lab CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103 Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - A Kocer
- GReD Lab CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103 Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - A Calle
- INIA, Animal Reproduction, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | | | - A Polhemus
- CellOxess LLC, 15 Roszel Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - A Moazamian
- CellOxess LLC, 15 Roszel Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - J R Drevet
- GReD Lab CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103 Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - R J Aitken
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Kocer A, Henry-Berger J, Noblanc A, Champroux A, Pogorelcnik R, Guiton R, Janny L, Pons-Rejraji H, Saez F, Johnson GD, Krawetz SA, Alvarez JG, Aitken RJ, Drevet JR. Oxidative DNA damage in mouse sperm chromosomes: Size matters. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:993-1002. [PMID: 26510519 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Normal embryo and foetal development as well as the health of the progeny are mostly dependent on gamete nuclear integrity. In the present study, in order to characterize more precisely oxidative DNA damage in mouse sperm we used two mouse models that display high levels of sperm oxidative DNA damage, a common alteration encountered both in in vivo and in vitro reproduction. Immunoprecipitation of oxidized sperm DNA coupled to deep sequencing showed that mouse chromosomes may be largely affected by oxidative alterations. We show that the vulnerability of chromosomes to oxidative attack inversely correlated with their size and was not linked to their GC richness. It was neither correlated with the chromosome content in persisting nucleosomes nor associated with methylated sequences. A strong correlation was found between oxidized sequences and sequences rich in short interspersed repeat elements (SINEs). Chromosome position in the sperm nucleus as revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization appears to be a confounder. These data map for the first time fragile mouse sperm chromosomal regions when facing oxidative damage that may challenge the repair mechanisms of the oocyte post-fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Kocer
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Joelle Henry-Berger
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Anais Noblanc
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Champroux
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Romain Pogorelcnik
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Rachel Guiton
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Laurent Janny
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France; CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hanae Pons-Rejraji
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France; CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Graham D Johnson
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Juan G Alvarez
- Centro ANDROGEN, La Coruña, Spain; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Joël R Drevet
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, BP80006, 63171 Aubière cedex, France.
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Effect of Melatonin Intake on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Male Reproductive Organs of Rats under Experimental Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:614579. [PMID: 26064423 PMCID: PMC4438187 DOI: 10.1155/2015/614579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant system response of male reproductive organs during early and late phases of diabetes and the influence of melatonin treatment. Melatonin was administered to five-week-old Wistar rats throughout the experiment, in drinking water (10 μg/kg b.w). Diabetes was induced at 13 weeks of age by streptozotocin (4.5 mg/100 g b.w., i.p.) and animals were euthanized with 14 or 21 weeks old. Activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation were evaluated in prostate, testis, and epididymis. The enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation were not affected in testis and epididymis after one or eight weeks of diabetes. Prostate exhibited a 3-fold increase in GPx activity at short-term diabetes and at long-term diabetes there were 2- and 3-fold increase in CAT and GST, respectively (p ≤ 0.01). Melatonin treatment to healthy rats caused a 47% increase in epididymal GPx activity in 14-week-old rats. In prostate, melatonin administration normalized GST activity at both ages and mitigated GPx at short-term and CAT at long-term diabetes. The testis and epididymis were less affected by diabetes than prostate. Furthermore, melatonin normalized the enzymatic disorders in prostate demonstrating its effective antioxidant role, even at low dosages.
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Conrad M, Ingold I, Buday K, Kobayashi S, Angeli JPF. ROS, thiols and thiol-regulating systems in male gametogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1566-74. [PMID: 25450170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During maturation and storage, spermatozoa generate substantial amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are thus forced to cope with an increasingly oxidative environment that is both needed and detrimental to their biology. Such a janus-faceted intermediate needs to be tightly controlled and this is done by a wide array of redox enzymes. These enzymes not only have to prevent unspecific modifications of essential cellular biomolecules by quenching undesired ROS, but they are also required and often directly involved in critical protein modifications. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present review is conceived to present an update on what is known about critical roles of redox enzymes, whereby special emphasis is put on the family of glutathione peroxidases, which for the time being presents the best characterized tasks during gametogenesis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We therefore demonstrate that understanding the function of (seleno)thiol-based oxidases/reductases is not a trivial task and relevant knowledge will be mainly gained by using robust systems, as exemplified by several (conditional) knockout studies. We thus stress the importance of using such models for providing unequivocal evidence in the molecular understanding of redox regulatory mechanisms in sperm maturation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE ROS are not merely detrimental by-products of metabolism and their proper generation and usage by specific enzymes is essential for vital functions as beautifully exemplified during male gametogenesis. As such, lessons learnt from thiol-based oxidases/reductases in male gametogenesis could be used as a general principle for other organs as it is most likely not only restricted to this developmental phase. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Irina Ingold
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katalin Buday
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Jose Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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26
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Fujii J, Imai H. Redox reactions in mammalian spermatogenesis and the potential targets of reactive oxygen species under oxidative stress. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 4:e979108. [PMID: 26413390 PMCID: PMC4581049 DOI: 10.4161/21565562.2014.979108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reduction-oxidation (Redox) reactions are ubiquitous mechanisms for vital activities in all organisms, and they play pivotal roles in the regulation of spermatogenesis as well. Here we focus on 3 redox-involved processes that have drawn much recent attention: the regulation of signal transduction by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide, oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and sulfoxidation of protamines during sperm chromatin condensation. The first 2 of these processes are emerging topics in cell biology and are applicable to most living cells, which includes spermatogenic cells. The roles of ROS in signal transduction have been elucidated in the last 2 decades and have received broad attention, most notably from the viewpoint of the proper control of mitotic signals. Redox processes in the ER are important because this is the organelle where secretory and membrane proteins are synthesized and proceed toward their functional structure, so that malfunction of the ER affects not only the involved cells but also the accepting cells of the secreted proteins in multicellular organisms. Sulfoxidation is the third of these processes, and the sulfoxidation of chromatin is a unique process in sperm maturation. During recent sulfoxidase research, GPX4 has emerged as a promising enzyme that plays essential roles in the production of fertile sperm, but the involvement of other redox proteins is also becoming evident. Because the molecules involved in the redox reactions are prone to oxidation, they can be sensitive to oxidative damage, which makes them potential targets for antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Yamagata University; Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Imai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kitasato University; Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Noblanc A, Kocer A, Drevet JR. Recent knowledge concerning mammalian sperm chromatin organization and its potential weaknesses when facing oxidative challenge. Basic Clin Androl 2014; 24:6. [PMID: 26779341 PMCID: PMC4715350 DOI: 10.1186/2051-4190-24-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa are the smallest and most cyto-differentiated mammalian cells. From a somatic cell-like appearance at the beginning of spermatogenesis, the male germ cell goes through a highly sophisticated process to reach its final organization entirely devoted to its mission which is to deliver the paternal genome to the oocyte. In order to fit the paternal DNA into the tiny spermatozoa head, complete chromatin remodeling is necessary. This review essentially focuses on present knowledge of this mammalian sperm nucleus compaction program. Particular attention is given to most recent advances that concern the specific organization of mammalian sperm chromatin and its potential weaknesses. Emphasis is placed on sperm DNA oxidative damage that may have dramatic consequences including infertility, abnormal embryonic development and the risk of transmission to descendants of an altered paternal genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Noblanc
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Joël R Drevet
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
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28
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Smith TB, Baker MA, Connaughton HS, Habenicht U, Aitken RJ. Functional deletion of Txndc2 and Txndc3 increases the susceptibility of spermatozoa to age-related oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:872-881. [PMID: 23707457 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the male germ line is known to be a key factor in both the etiology of male infertility and the high levels of DNA damage encountered in human spermatozoa. Because the latter has been associated with a variety of adverse clinical outcomes, including miscarriage and developmental abnormalities in the offspring, the mechanisms that spermatozoa use to defend themselves against oxidative stress are of great interest. In this context, the male germ line expresses three unique forms of thioredoxin, known as thioredoxin domain-containing proteins (Txndc2, Txndc3, and Txndc8). Two of these proteins, Txndc2 and Txndc3, retain association with the spermatozoa after spermiation and potentially play an important role in regulating the redox status of the mature gamete. To address this area, we have functionally deleted the sperm-specific thioredoxins from the male germ line of mice by either exon deletion (Txndc2) or mutation of the bioactive cysteines (Txndc3). The combined inactivation of these Txndc isoforms did not have an overall impact on spermatogenesis, epididymal sperm maturation, or fertility. However, Txndc deficiency in spermatozoa did lead to age-dependent changes in these cells as reflected by accelerated motility loss, high rates of DNA damage, increases in reactive oxygen species generation, enhanced formation of lipid aldehyde-protein adducts, and impaired protamination of the sperm chromatin. These results suggest that although there is considerable redundancy in the systems employed by spermatozoa to defend themselves against oxidative stress, the sperm-specific thioredoxins, Txndc2 and Txndc3, are critically important in protecting these cells against the increases in oxidative stress associated with paternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Smith
- Reproductive Science Group, Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - M A Baker
- Reproductive Science Group, Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - H S Connaughton
- Reproductive Science Group, Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - U Habenicht
- TRG Gynecology & Andrology and Male Health Care Research, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - R J Aitken
- Reproductive Science Group, Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Lee SK, Son LT, Choi HJ, Ahnn J. Dicarbonyl/l-xylulose reductase (DCXR): The multifunctional pentosuria enzyme. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2563-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing evidence that hydroperoxides are not only toxic but rather exert essential physiological functions, also hydroperoxide removing enzymes have to be re-viewed. In mammals, the peroxidases inter alia comprise the 8 glutathione peroxidases (GPx1-GPx8) so far identified. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Since GPxs have recently been reviewed under various aspects, we here focus on novel findings considering their diverse physiological roles exceeding an antioxidant activity. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS GPxs are involved in balancing the H2O2 homeostasis in signalling cascades, e.g. in the insulin signalling pathway by GPx1; GPx2 plays a dual role in carcinogenesis depending on the mode of initiation and cancer stage; GPx3 is membrane associated possibly explaining a peroxidatic function despite low plasma concentrations of GSH; GPx4 has novel roles in the regulation of apoptosis and, together with GPx5, in male fertility. Functions of GPx6 are still unknown, and the proposed involvement of GPx7 and GPx8 in protein folding awaits elucidation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, selenium-containing GPxs (GPx1-4 and 6) as well as their non-selenium congeners (GPx5, 7 and 8) became key players in important biological contexts far beyond the detoxification of hydroperoxides. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Cellular functions of glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Department of Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Riel JM, Yamauchi Y, Sugawara A, Li HYJ, Ruthig V, Stoytcheva Z, Ellis PJI, Cocquet J, Ward MA. Deficiency of the multi-copy mouse Y gene Sly causes sperm DNA damage and abnormal chromatin packaging. J Cell Sci 2012. [PMID: 23178944 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mouse and man Y chromosome deletions are frequently associated with spermatogenic defects. Mice with extensive deletions of non-pairing Y chromosome long arm (NPYq) are infertile and produce sperm with grossly misshapen heads, abnormal chromatin packaging and DNA damage. The NPYq-encoded multi-copy gene Sly controls the expression of sex chromosome genes after meiosis and Sly deficiency results in a remarkable upregulation of sex chromosome genes. Sly deficiency has been shown to be the underlying cause of the sperm head anomalies and infertility associated with NPYq gene loss, but it was not known whether it recapitulates sperm DNA damage phenotype. We produced and examined mice with transgenically (RNAi) silenced Sly and demonstrated that these mice have increased incidence of sperm with DNA damage and poorly condensed and insufficiently protaminated chromatin. We also investigated the contribution of each of the two Sly-encoded transcript variants and noted that the phenotype was only observed when both variants were knocked down, and that the phenotype was intermediate in severity compared with mice with severe NPYq deficiency. Our data demonstrate that Sly deficiency is responsible for the sperm DNA damage/chromatin packaging defects observed in mice with NPYq deletions and point to SLY proteins involvement in chromatin reprogramming during spermiogenesis, probably through their effect on the post-meiotic expression of spermiogenic genes. Considering the importance of the sperm epigenome for embryonic and fetal development and the possibility of its inter-generational transmission, our results are important for future investigations of the molecular mechanisms of this biologically and clinically important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Riel
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI 96822, USA
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