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Kang X, Jiao Y, Zhou Y, Meng C, Zhou X, Song L, Jiao X, Pan Z. MicroRNA-5112 Targets IKKγ to Dampen the Inflammatory Response and Improve Clinical Symptoms in Both Bacterial Infection and DSS-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:779770. [PMID: 35222370 PMCID: PMC8866336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.779770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a double-edged sword that can be induced by various PAMPs, resulting in the control of infection by invading pathogens or injuries. The inflammatory response requires strict and precise control and regulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. However, the role of miRNAs in inflammation induced by flagellin (ligand of TLR5) has yet to be fully determined. In this study, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) between flagellin treatment and medium alone using miRNA microarray. We found that flagellin stimulation downregulated miR-5112 expression in BMDCs and spleen DCs in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of miR-5112 decreased inflammatory cytokine production, accompanied by a reduction of IKKγ in flagellin-stimulated BMDCs. We demonstrated that miR-5112 could directly target IKKγ to inhibit inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, miR-5112 inhibited the inflammatory response induced by flagellin or Salmonella infection in vivo. Interestingly, miR-5112 could also dampen the inflammatory response and alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that miR-5112 could be a novel therapeutic target for both bacterial infection and DSS-induced colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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2
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GWAS identifies candidate susceptibility loci and microRNA biomarkers for acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1332. [PMID: 35079012 PMCID: PMC8789807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is a severe encephalopathy preceded by viral infections with high fever. AESD is a multifactorial disease, however, few disease susceptibility genes have previously been identified. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and assessed functional variants in non-coding regions to study genetic susceptibility in AESD using 254 Japanese children with AESD and 799 adult healthy controls. We also performed a microRNA enrichment analysis using GWAS statistics to search for candidate biomarkers in AESD. The variant with the lowest p-value, rs1850440, was located in the intron of serine/threonine kinase 39 gene (STK39) on chromosome 2q24.3 (p = 2.44 × 10-7, odds ratio = 1.71). The minor allele T of rs1850440 correlated with the stronger expression of STK39 in peripheral blood. This variant possessed enhancer histone modification marks in STK39, the encoded protein of which activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In the replication study, the odds ratios of three SNPs, including rs1850440, showed the same direction of association with that in the discovery stage GWAS. One of the candidate microRNAs identified by the microRNA enrichment analysis was associated with inflammatory responses regulated by the MAPK pathway. This study identified STK39 as a novel susceptibility locus of AESD, found microRNAs as potential biomarkers, and implicated immune responses and the MAPK cascade in its pathogenesis.
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Lee SI, Park H, Kim SJ, Lee KW, Shin DY, Son JK, Hong JH, Kim SH, Cho HJ, Park JB, Kim TM. Circulating RNA Profiling in Postreperfusion Plasma From Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:2853-2865. [PMID: 34772491 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable in kidney transplantation (KT) and may lead to impaired tubular epithelial cell function and reduce graft function and survival. Renal IRI is a complex cellular and molecular event; therefore, investigating the genetic or molecular pathways associated with the early phase of KT would improve our understanding of IRI in KT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in various pathologic events associated with IRI. METHODS We compared the expression profile of miRNAs extracted from 2 blood plasma samples, 1 from periphery and the other form gonadal veins immediately after reperfusion, in a total 5 cases of KT. RESULTS We observed that the total RNA yield was higher in postreperfusion plasma and that a subset of miRNAs was upregulated (miR-let-7a-3p, miR-143-3p, and miR-214-3p) or downregulated (let-7d-3p, let-7d-3p, miR-1246, miR-1260b, miR-1290, and miR-130b-3p) in postreperfusion plasma. Gene ontology analyses revealed that these subsets target different biological functions. Twenty-four predicted genes were commonly targeted by the upregulated miRNAs, and gene ontology enrichment and pathway analyses revealed that these were associated with various cellular activities such as signal transduction or with components such as exosomes and membranous organelles. CONCLUSION We present 2 subsets of miRNAs that were differentially upregulated or downregulated in postreperfusion plasma. Our findings may enhance our understanding of miRNA-mediated early molecular events related to IRI in KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojun Park
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Gennbio Co Ltd, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Yeon Shin
- Transplantation Research Center, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Son
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Hong
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han Kim
- Gennbio Co Ltd, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cho
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Lamberti MJ, Nigro A, Casolaro V, Rumie Vittar NB, Dal Col J. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Modulation by microRNA: Relevance on Immunogenic Cell Death and Cancer Treatment Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112566. [PMID: 34073766 PMCID: PMC8197279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inside the cell, damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) play several physiological functions, but when they are released or translocated to the extracellular space, they gain additional immunogenic roles. Thus, DAMPs are considered key hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer, a functionally unique regulated form of stress-mediated cell death that activates the immune system response against tumor cells. Several epigenetic modulators of DAMPs have been reported. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) on the expression of DAMPs and the putative link between miRNA, DAMPs, and cell death, focused on ICD. Overall, we propose that miRNAs, by targeting DAMPs, play critical roles in the regulation of both cell death and immune-associated mechanisms in cancer, while evidence of their potential involvement in ICD is limited. Finally, we discuss emerging data regarding the impact of miRNAs’ modulation on cancer treatment outcome. Abstract Immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer is a functionally unique regulated form of stress-mediated cell death that activates both the innate and adaptive immune response against tumor cells. ICD makes dying cancer cells immunogenic by improving both antigenicity and adjuvanticity. The latter relies on the spatiotemporally coordinated release or exposure of danger signals (DAMPs) that drive robust antigen-presenting cell activation. The expression of DAMPs is often constitutive in tumor cells, but it is the initiating stressor, called ICD-inducer, which finally triggers the intracellular response that determines the kinetics and intensity of their release. However, the contribution of cell-autonomous features, such as the epigenetic background, to the development of ICD has not been addressed in sufficient depth. In this context, it has been revealed that several microRNAs (miRNAs), besides acting as tumor promoters or suppressors, can control the ICD-associated exposure of some DAMPs and their basal expression in cancer. Here, we provide a general overview of the dysregulation of cancer-associated miRNAs whose targets are DAMPs, through which new molecular mediators that underlie the immunogenicity of ICD were identified. The current status of miRNA-targeted therapeutics combined with ICD inducers is discussed. A solid comprehension of these processes will provide a framework to evaluate miRNA targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Lamberti
- INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto, Córdoba 5800, Argentina;
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
| | | | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.); (J.D.C.)
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5
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Dichev V, Mehterov NH, Kazakova MH, Karalilova RV, Batalov AZ, Sarafian VS. Serum protein levels of YKL-40 and plasma miR-214 expression in patients with systemic sclerosis. Mod Rheumatol 2021; 31:1010-1018. [PMID: 33274678 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1859726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with incompletely revealed etiology and pathophysiology. There are still no specific and reliable biomarkers. Here we examined YKL-40 as a biomarker of inflammation and fibrosis, and suggest a possible mechanism for its regulation. METHODS Forty female patients with SSc (26 with diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) and 14 with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc)) and 14 healthy female controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Bioinformatic tools identified miR-214 binding site in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of YKL-40 mRNA. Serum levels of YKL-40 were examined by ELISA, while YKL-40 mRNA and miR-214 was measured by qPCR. RESULTS The in silico analysis revealed several microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting YKL-40 mRNA, from which miR-214 was selected. YKL-40 serum levels were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p = .0042). In contrary, miR-214 expression in plasma of SSc patients was significantly down-regulated compared to controls (p = .0058). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis showed that both serum YKL-40 and plasma miR-214 levels had good capacity to distinguish patients with SSc, dcSSc and lcSSc from healthy subjects. CONCLUSION YKL-40 and miR-214 have different expression profile in SSc. Increased serum levels of YKL-40 could be associated with down-regulation of miR-214 expression in plasma. Both, YKL-40 concentrations and miR-214 plasma fold change values might serve as possible biomarkers in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dichev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Hristov Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Hristova Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Valerieva Karalilova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital 'Kaspela', Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anastas Zgurov Batalov
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital 'Kaspela', Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Stepan Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Medina L, Castillo C, Liempi A, Guerrero-Muñoz J, Rojas-Pirela M, Maya JD, Prieto H, Kemmerling U. Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii Induce a Differential MicroRNA Profile in Human Placental Explants. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595250. [PMID: 33240284 PMCID: PMC7677230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii are two parasites than can be transmitted from mother to child through the placenta. However, congenital transmission rates are low for T. cruzi and high for T. gondii. Infection success or failure depends on complex parasite-host interactions in which parasites can alter host gene expression by modulating non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs. As of yet, there are no reports on altered miRNA expression in placental tissue in response to either parasite. Therefore, we infected human placental explants ex vivo by cultivation with either T. cruzi or T. gondii for 2 h. We then analyzed the miRNA expression profiles of both types of infected tissue by miRNA sequencing and quantitative PCR, sequence-based miRNA target prediction, pathway functional enrichment, and upstream regulator analysis of differentially expressed genes targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs. Both parasites induced specific miRNA profiles. GO analysis revealed that the in silico predicted targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs regulated different cellular processes involved in development and immunity, and most of the identified KEGG pathways were related to chronic diseases and infection. Considering that the differentially expressed miRNAs identified here modulated crucial host cellular targets that participate in determining the success of infection, these miRNAs might explain the differing congenital transmission rates between the two parasites. Molecules of the different pathways that are regulated by miRNAs and modulated during infection, as well as the miRNAs themselves, may be potential targets for the therapeutic control of either congenital Chagas disease or toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisvaneth Medina
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Castillo
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Liempi
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jesús Guerrero-Muñoz
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maura Rojas-Pirela
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Humberto Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulrike Kemmerling
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Boxberger N, Hecker M, Zettl UK. Dysregulation of Inflammasome Priming and Activation by MicroRNAs in Human Immune-Mediated Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2177-2187. [PMID: 30962309 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes that respond to a wide range of pathogens and cellular damage signals. Their activation prompts the caspase-1-mediated cleavage of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Inflammasome dysregulation has been demonstrated to play a role in a range of diseases involving the adaptive immune system like multiple sclerosis, rheumatic diseases, and type 1 diabetes. Priming and activation of inflammasomes can be modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. miRNAs, such as miR-223-3p, have been demonstrated to directly target the inflammasome components NLRP3, caspase-1, and caspase-8. Other miRNAs like miR-155-5p modulate TLR-, IL-1R-, TNFR-, and IFNAR-mediated signaling pathways upstream of the inflammasomes. In this study, we discuss how a more detailed elucidation of miRNA-driven inflammasome regulation helps in understanding the molecular processes underlying immune-mediated human diseases, holds potential for the identification of biomarkers and may offer novel targets for the development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Boxberger
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; and
| | - Michael Hecker
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; and.,Steinbeis Transfer Center for Proteome Analysis, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe K Zettl
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; and
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8
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Camacho L, Silva CS, Hanig JP, Schleimer RP, George NI, Bowyer JF. Identification of whole blood mRNA and microRNA biomarkers of tissue damage and immune function resulting from amphetamine exposure or heat stroke in adult male rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210273. [PMID: 30779732 PMCID: PMC6380594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work extends the understanding of how toxic exposures to amphetamine (AMPH) adversely affect the immune system and lead to tissue damage. Importantly, it determines which effects of AMPH are and are not due to pronounced hyperthermia. Whole blood messenger RNA (mRNA) and whole blood and serum microRNA (miRNA) transcripts were identified in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats after exposure to toxic AMPH under normothermic conditions, AMPH when it produces pronounced hyperthermia, or environmentally-induced hyperthermia (EIH). mRNA transcripts with large increases in fold-change in treated relative to control rats and very low expression in the control group were a rich source of organ-specific transcripts in blood. When severe hyperthermia was produced by either EIH or AMPH, significant increases in circulating organ-specific transcripts for liver (Alb, Fbg, F2), pancreas (Spink1), bronchi/lungs (F3, Cyp4b1), bone marrow (Np4, RatNP-3b), and kidney (Cesl1, Slc22a8) were observed. Liver damage was suggested also by increased miR-122 levels in the serum. Increases in muscle/heart-enriched transcripts were produced by AMPH even in the absence of hyperthermia. Expression increases in immune-related transcripts, particularly Cd14 and Vcan, indicate that AMPH can activate the innate immune system in the absence of hyperthermia. Most transcripts specific for T-cells decreased 50–70% after AMPH exposure or EIH, with the noted exception of Ccr5 and Chst12. This is probably due to T-cells leaving the circulation and down-regulation of these genes. Transcript changes specific for B-cells or B-lymphoblasts in the AMPH and EIH groups ranged widely from decreasing ≈ 40% (Cd19, Cd180) to increasing 30 to 100% (Tk1, Ahsa1) to increasing ≥500% (Stip1, Ackr3). The marked increases in Ccr2, Ccr5, Pld1, and Ackr3 produced by either AMPH or EIH observed in vivo provide further insight into the initial immune system alterations that result from methamphetamine and AMPH abuse and could modify risk for HIV and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Camacho
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Camila S. Silva
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Hanig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nysia I. George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, NCTR/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - John F. Bowyer
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Song N, Wang X, Gui L, Raza SHA, Luoreng Z, Zan L. MicroRNA-214 regulates immunity-related genes in bovine mammary epithelial cells by targeting NFATc3 and TRAF3. Mol Cell Probes 2017. [PMID: 28627449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In human, microRNA-214 (miR-214) plays crucial roles in mechanisms of immunity. However, the potential importance of miR-214 in immune mechanisms in dairy cows has not been investigated. In this study, we assessed potential immunity-related functions of miR-214 in human 293A cells and in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). We found that NFATc3 and TRAF3 could be targeted by miR-214 in both 293A cells and BMECs. We also found that miR-214 indirectly inhibited the expression of MAP3K14, TBK1 and inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Taken together, our data revealed miR-214 regulated immunity-related genes by targeting NFATc3 and TRAF3, which provides insight into the molecular basis of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Zoology in Hunan Higher Education, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde Hunan 415000, China
| | - Linsheng Gui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
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10
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Hu X, Li CP. Role of microRNA-155 in the liver. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3891-3898. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i27.3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs of 22 nucleotides in length that are found in most eukaryotes. Although miRNAs are highly evolutionally conserved, they show temporal and tissue specificity. They transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by completely or imperfectly base pairing with the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs and modulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is a typical representative miRNA, and abnormal expression or dysfunction of miR-155 function not only affects the development of inflammation and autoimmune diseases, but also plays an important role in tumor proliferation and apoptosis. In recent years, it has been found that miR-155 plays an important role in the differentiation, morphology and function of the liver, and is associated with the development, diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
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Ma Y, Yabluchanskiy A, Iyer RP, Cannon PL, Flynn ER, Jung M, Henry J, Cates CA, Deleon-Pennell KY, Lindsey ML. Temporal neutrophil polarization following myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:51-61. [PMID: 26825554 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although macrophage phenotypes have been well studied in the myocardial infarction (MI) setting, this study investigated temporal neutrophil polarization and activation mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Neutrophils isolated from the infarcted left ventricle (LV) of mice showed high expression of proinflammatory markers at Day 1 and anti-inflammatory markers at Days 5 and 7 post-MI, indicating distinct neutrophil phenotypes along the post-MI time continuum. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that although proinflammatory N1 neutrophils were always predominant (>80% of total neutrophils at each time point), the percentage of N2 neutrophils increased post-MI from 2.4 ± 0.6% at Day 1 to 18.1 ± 3.0% at Day 7. In vitro, peripheral blood neutrophils were polarized to proinflammatory N1 by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ or anti-inflammatory N2 by interleukin-4, indicating high plasticity potential. The in vivo post-MI relevant LV damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) polarized neutrophils to a proinflammatory N1 phenotype by activating toll-like receptor-4. Transforming growth factor-β1 inhibited proinflammatory production in neutrophils. N1 neutrophils positively correlated with infarct wall thinning at Day 7 post-MI, possibly due to high production of matrix metalloproteinases-12 and -25. CONCLUSION This study is the first to identify the existence of N1 and N2 neutrophils in the infarct region and reveals that N1 polarization could be mediated by DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Presley L Cannon
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Mira Jung
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Jeffrey Henry
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Courtney A Cates
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Kristine Y Deleon-Pennell
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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12
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Slowik A, Beyer C. Inflammasomes are neuroprotective targets for sex steroids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 153:135-43. [PMID: 25747343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system is triggered by toxic stimuli or degenerative events, orchestrates the interplay of brain-intrinsic immune cells and neighboring neural cells, and sequentially allows leukocyte extravasation from the periphery into the brain parenchyma. During the inflammatory cascade, immune-competent cells become activated and secrete a plethora of cytokines and chemokines which form a local inflammatory signaling network important for warding off harmful stimuli to the host but are likewise necessary to preserve damaged brain tissue. Inflammatory responses are initiated by extra- and intra-cellular pathogen and danger-associated receptors. These signals are processed by multi-protein complexes termed inflammasomes which trigger the production of biologically active interleukins-1 and 18 after the cleavage of caspase-1. Estrogens and progesterone are neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in diverse disease models of the brain in particular under acute inflammatory conditions such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. Both steroids are able to attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine activity. Recent literature and our own studies provide convincing evidence that the anti-inflammatory potency of these steroids result from a complex interaction with the inflammasome activation and their up-stream regulatory network of miRNAs in brain-intrinsic innate immune cells. This article examines steroid-inflammasome interactions in the brain during brain injury and illuminates the importance of regulation initial upstream events during neuroinflammation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Steroid Perspectives'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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13
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Ding W, Xin J, Jiang L, Zhou Q, Wu T, Shi D, Lin B, Li L, Li J. Characterisation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell microRNA in hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13098. [PMID: 26267843 PMCID: PMC4533317 DOI: 10.1038/srep13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a life-threatening condition and the mechanisms of its development and progression remain unclear. The aim of this study was to define the characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear cell microRNAs in patients with HBV-ACLF. In this study, novel microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with HBV-ACLF were characterised by high-throughput sequencing and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed 78 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in patients with HBV-ACLF compared to patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and healthy controls. Among patients with HBV-ACLF, 17 dysregulated miRNAs increased or decreased more than 4-fold, of which eight miRNAs had higher expression levels than median level. qRT-PCR validation demonstrated that six miRNAs (hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-34c-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-143-5p, hsa-miR-374a-3p and hsa-miR-542-3p) may be useful as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of HBV-ACLF. Five novel miRNAs (L-miR-1~5) were detected and two (L-miR-1 and L-miR-3) were significantly differentially expressed in patients with HBV-ACLF. Conclusions: The miRNA expression profile of PBMCs is altered in patients with HBV-ACLF, and a signature of six miRNAs may be a promising biomarker for HBV-ACLF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003. China.,Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University
| | - Jiaojiao Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003. China
| | - Longyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003. China
| | - Tianzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003. China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003. China
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003. China.,Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003. China
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Baldeón R L, Weigelt K, de Wit H, Ozcan B, van Oudenaren A, Sempértegui F, Sijbrands E, Grosse L, van Zonneveld AJ, Drexhage HA, Leenen PJM. Type 2 Diabetes Monocyte MicroRNA and mRNA Expression: Dyslipidemia Associates with Increased Differentiation-Related Genes but Not Inflammatory Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129421. [PMID: 26083362 PMCID: PMC4471054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression pattern of microRNAs and mRNAs related to inflammation in T2D monocytes. DESIGN A microRNA finding study on monocytes of T2D patients and controls using array profiling was followed by a quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) study on monocytes of an Ecuadorian validation cohort testing the top over/under-expressed microRNAs. In addition, monocytes of the validation cohort were tested for 24 inflammation-related mRNAs and 2 microRNAs previously found deregulated in (auto)-inflammatory monocytes. RESULTS In the finding study, 142 significantly differentially expressed microRNAs were identified, 15 having the strongest power to discriminate T2D patients from controls (sensitivity 66%, specificity 90%). However, differences in expression of these microRNAs between patients and controls were small. On the basis of >1.4 or <0.6-fold change expression 5 microRNAs were selected for further validation. One microRNA (miR-34c-5p) was validated as significantly over-expressed in T2D monocytes. In addition, we found over expression of 3 mRNAs (CD9, DHRS3 and PTPN7) in the validation cohort. These mRNAs are important for cell morphology, adhesion, shape change, and cell differentiation. Classical inflammatory genes (e.g. TNFAIP3) were only over-expressed in monocytes of patients with normal serum lipids. Remarkably, in dyslipidemia, there was a reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g. ATF3, DUSP2 and PTGS2). CONCLUSIONS The expression profile of microRNAs/mRNAs in monocytes of T2D patients indicates an altered adhesion, differentiation, and shape change potential. Monocyte inflammatory activation was only found in patients with normal serum lipids. Abnormal lipid values coincided with a reduced monocyte inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Baldeón R
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karin Weigelt
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm de Wit
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Behiye Ozcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Grosse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Prometeo Program SENESCYT, Central University of Ecuador and Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Quito, Ecuador
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15
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Circulating HMGB1 and RAGE as Clinical Biomarkers in Malignant and Autoimmune Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2015; 5:219-53. [PMID: 26854151 PMCID: PMC4665591 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics5020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High molecular group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved member of the HMG-box-family; abundantly expressed in almost all human cells and released in apoptosis; necrosis or by activated immune cells. Once in the extracellular space, HMGB1 can act as a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP), thus stimulating or inhibiting certain functions of the immune system; depending on the “combinatorial cocktail” of the surrounding milieu. HMGB1 exerts its various functions through binding to a multitude of membrane-bound receptors such as TLR-2; -4 and -9; IL-1 and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products); partly complex-bound with intracellular fragments like nucleosomes. Soluble RAGE in the extracellular space, however, acts as a decoy receptor by binding to HMGB1 and inhibiting its effects. This review aims to outline today’s knowledge of structure, intra- and extracellular functions including mechanisms of release and finally the clinical relevance of HMGB1 and RAGE as clinical biomarkers in therapy monitoring, prediction and prognosis of malignant and autoimmune disease.
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16
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The chemokine receptors CXCR4/CXCR7 and their primary heterodimeric ligands CXCL12 and CXCL12/high mobility group box 1 in pancreatic cancer growth and development: finding flow. Pancreas 2015; 44:528-34. [PMID: 25872129 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapies need to be developed for patients with pancreatic cancer because of the poor outcomes of current regimens. Pancreatic cancer cells respond to the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7)/C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)/high-mobility group box 1 signaling axis and this axis presents a novel target for therapy. C-X-C motif chemokine 12 stimulates CXCR4/CXCR7-bearing cells in a paracrine manner. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 and CXCR7 are transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that, upon interaction with ligand CXCL12, activate downstream protein kinases that promote a more aggressive behavior. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 is expressed on most pancreatic cancer cells, whereas CXCR7 is primarily expressed on tumor-associated endothelium. High-mobility group box 1 promotes the CXCR4 and CXCL12 interaction, promoting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a potent stimulator of CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression, promoting more aggressive behavior. This receptor/ligand interaction can be disrupted by CXCR4 antagonists available and in clinical use to harvest bone marrow stem cells. Novel imaging strategies are now being developed at several centers to evaluate response to therapy and identify early recurrence. Thus, the CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 interaction plays a critical role in cancer cell progression, proliferation, invasion, as well as metastasis and is a suitable target for therapy, imaging, as well as development of novel diagnostics.
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17
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Chmiela M, Gajewski A, Rudnicka K. Helicobacter pylori vs coronary heart disease - searching for connections. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:187-203. [PMID: 25914788 PMCID: PMC4404374 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i4.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discussed the findings and concepts underlying the potential role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections in the initiation, development or persistence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). This Gram-negative bacterium was described by Marshall and Warren in 1984. The majority of infected subjects carries and transmits H. pylori with no symptoms; however, in some individuals these bacteria may cause peptic ulcers, and even gastric cancers. The widespread prevalence of H. pylori infections and the fact that frequently they remain asymptomatic may suggest that, similarly to intestinal microflora, H. pylori may deliver antigens that stimulate not only local, but also systemic inflammatory response. Recently, possible association between H. pylori infection and extragastric disorders has been suggested. Knowledge on the etiology of atherosclerosis together with current findings in the area of H. pylori infections constitute the background for the newly proposed hypothesis that those two processes may be related. Many research studies confirm the indirect association between the prevalence of H. pylori and the occurrence of CHD. According to majority of findings the involvement of H. pylori in this process is based on the chronic inflammation which might facilitate the CHD-related pathologies. It needs to be elucidated, if the infection initiates or just accelerates the formation of atheromatous plaque.
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18
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Inchley CS, Sonerud T, Fjærli HO, Nakstad B. Nasal mucosal microRNA expression in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:150. [PMID: 25884957 PMCID: PMC4387708 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a common cause of pediatric hospitalization. microRNA, key regulators of the immune system, have not previously been investigated in respiratory specimens during viral infection. We investigated microRNA expression in the nasal mucosa of 42 RSV-positive infants, also comparing microRNA expression between disease severity subgroups. Methods Nasal mucosa cytology specimens were collected from RSV-positive infants and healthy controls. 32 microRNA were selected by microarray for qPCR verification in 19 control, 16 mild, 7 moderate and 19 severe disease samples. Results Compared to healthy controls, RSV-positive infants downregulated miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-125b, miR-29c, mir125a, miR-429 and miR-27b and upregulated miR-155, miR-31, miR-203a, miR-16 and let-7d. On disease subgroups analysis, miR-125a and miR-429 were downregulated in mild disease (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively), but not in severe disease (p = 0.3 and 0.3). Conclusion microRNA expression in nasal epithelium cytology brushings of RSV-positive infants shows a distinct profile of immune-associated miRNA. miR-125a has important functions within NF-κB signaling and macrophage function. The lack of downregulation of miR-125a and miR-429 in severe disease may help explain differences in disease manifestations on infection with RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Inchley
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tonje Sonerud
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Sciences (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Hans O Fjærli
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Britt Nakstad
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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19
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Chen WS, Cao Z, Truong L, Sugaya S, Panjwani N. Fingerprinting of galectins in normal, P. aeruginosa-infected, and chemically burned mouse corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:515-25. [PMID: 25564452 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to assess whether the expression pattern of galectins is altered in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected and chemically burned mouse corneas. METHODS Galectin (Gal) fingerprinting of normal, P. aeruginosa-infected, and silver nitrate-cauterized corneas was performed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS In normal corneas, Gal-1 was distributed mainly in the stroma, Gal-3 was localized mainly in epithelium, and Gal-7, -8, and -9 were detected in both corneal epithelium and stroma. Expression levels of the five galectins were drastically altered under pathological conditions. In both infected and cauterized corneas, overall Gal-3 expression was downregulated, whereas overall Gal-8 and -9 were upregulated. Changes in the expression level of Gal-7, -8, and -9 were distinct in the epithelium of infected and cauterized corneas. Expression of these three galectins was upregulated in corneal epithelium of infected corneas but not in cauterized corneas. Consistent with the changes in protein expression: (1) Gal-7, -8, and -9 mRNA expression was upregulated in cauterized corneas, and (2) Gal-3 mRNA was downregulated and Gal-9 mRNA expression was upregulated in infected corneas. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate differential regulation of various members of the galectin family in the course of corneal infection and neovascularization. The emerging functionality of the sugar code of cell surface receptors via endogenous galectins reflect to the pertinent roles of the five tested galectins in the diseases of cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Chen
- Program in Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhiyi Cao
- New England Eye Center/Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Laetitia Truong
- Public Health and Professional Degree Programs, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Satoshi Sugaya
- New England Eye Center/Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Noorjahan Panjwani
- Program in Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States New England Eye Center/Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Noncoding RNA Expression During Viral Infection: The Long and the Short of It. MICRORNAS AND OTHER NON-CODING RNAS IN INFLAMMATION 2015. [PMCID: PMC7123390 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13689-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Uhlich RM, Konie JA, Davis JW, Misfeldt ML, Nelson C, Calaluce R, Barnes SL. Novel microRNA correlations in the severely injured. Surgery 2014; 156:834-40. [PMID: 25239329 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe injury initiates an inflammatory response that can perpetuate immunological dysfunction, uncontrolled inflammation, and subsequent multisystem organ failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been identified as regulators of this inflammatory response. Our study sought to identify the differential expression of unique miRNAs and their correlations with genes of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, and clinical parameters in the severely injured. METHODS Fourteen trauma patients requiring transfusion were prospectively enrolled in this institutional review board-approved study. Inclusion criteria consisted of adult patients deemed clinically to be in hemorrhagic shock necessitating transfusion in the acute phase of their injury care. Peripheral blood samples were obtained after admission to the surgical intensive care unit. Expression of circulating mature miRNA from each patient, as well as from 10 healthy, age-matched controls, was determined and compared using the HiSeq 2500 sequencing system and the R software system. Gene expression of TLR signaling pathways for each patient was examined using custom gene expression polymerase chain reaction arrays. Statistical analyses were performed using general linear models and empirical Bayes methods to determine differential expression and Spearman's nonparametric correlation analysis. RESULTS Subjects were 21-77 years old (mean, 42), 80% male, Injury Severity Score 11-43 (mean, 26), with 11 blunt and 3 penetrating injuries. Three were intubated and 5 received blood products before arrival. Base deficit upon hospital admission was 3 to 20 (mean, 9). All patients required blood transfusion secondary to blood loss sustained during injury. Survival to discharge was 93%. Controls were 27-64 years old (mean, 40) and 60% male. Sequencing analysis revealed 69 differentially expressed miRNAs (P < .05) in the severely injured. Within the differentially expressed miRNAs, there were 12 direct and 6 indirect correlations with multiple genes involved in the TLR3 and TLR4 signaling pathways. The relationships between these same miRNAs and clinical parameters were also analyzed. We discovered 4 direct correlations with base deficit and HCO3, and 7 indirect correlations involving total fresh frozen plasma transfused, base deficit, HCO3, and PaCO2 levels. CONCLUSION Differential expression and correlations between miRNAs, genes of the TLR pathways, and clinical parameters are unique findings in the severely injured and may lead to a greater understanding of the regulation of sterile inflammation after severe injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rindi M Uhlich
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jared A Konie
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - J Wade Davis
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Michael L Misfeldt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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23
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Abstract
The common clear cell subtype of renal cell carcinoma is associated with hereditary or acquired loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, a key component in oxygen sensing, perpetuating a stressed state. Autophagy is primarily a highly conserved, catabolic process by which stressed cells shuttle damaged or effete organelles and proteins into autophagosomes for sequestration and digestion after fusion with lysosomes. Autophagy is directed by autophagy-related genes and is divided into 4 discrete steps: initiation, nucleation, maturation, and degradation. During early tumorigenesis, apoptosis is enhanced and autophagy is suppressed, allowing accumulation of mutations and emergence of genomic instability. Late, an "autophagic switch" occurs, promoting survival and limiting apoptosis. Compounds such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine that prevent acidification of the lysosomal compartment are the sole clinically available inhibitors of autophagy. Currently, there are more than 30 trials examining combinations of hydroxychloroquine with anticancer agents. The intricate effects of autophagy on the immune response complicate manipulation of autophagy as part of the antitumor strategy. Further understanding of basic mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and of autophagy will enable development of the next generation of pharmacologic modulators of autophagy.
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24
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Garg AD, Martin S, Golab J, Agostinis P. Danger signalling during cancer cell death: origins, plasticity and regulation. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:26-38. [PMID: 23686135 PMCID: PMC3858605 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data indicates that following anti-cancer treatments, cancer cell death can be perceived as immunogenic or tolerogenic by the immune system. The former is made possible due to the ability of certain anti-cancer modalities to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) that is associated with the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which assist in unlocking a sequence of events leading to the development of anti-tumour immunity. In response to ICD inducers, activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been identified to be indispensable to confer the immunogenic character of cancer cell death, due to its ability to coordinate the danger signalling pathways responsible for the trafficking of vital DAMPs and subsequent anti-cancer immune responses. However, in recent times, certain processes apart from ER stress have emerged (e.g., autophagy and possibly viral response-like signature), which have the ability to influence danger signalling. In this review, we discuss the molecular nature, emerging plasticity in the danger signalling mechanisms and immunological impact of known DAMPs in the context of immunogenic cancer cell death. We also discuss key effector mechanisms modulating the interface between dying cancer cells and the immune cells, which we believe are crucial for the therapeutic relevance of ICD in the context of human cancers, and also discuss the influence of experimental conditions and animal models on these.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Martin
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department 3, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that there are unique sets of miRNAs that have distinct governing roles in several aspects of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, new tools allow selective modulation of the expression of individual miRNAs, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how miRNAs drive the activity of immune cells, and how their modulation in vivo opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in multiple diseases, from immunodeficiency to cancer.
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26
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Ou M, Zhang X, Dai Y, Gao J, Zhu M, Yang X, Li Y, Yang T, Ding M. Identification of potential microRNA-target pairs associated with osteopetrosis by deep sequencing, iTRAQ proteomics and bioinformatics. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:625-32. [PMID: 24084574 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs aberrantly express in many human diseases including some metabolic bone disorders. They have been found to be associated with osteoclast differentiation and function, which makes them attractive candidates for the therapy of bone. However, the potential clinical application of microRNAs in therapeutics rests heavily upon our in-depth understanding of microRNAs and their targets. To identify potential microRNA-target pairs associated with osteopetrosis, we performed a system approach including deep sequencing, iTRAQ quantitative proteomics, and bioinformatics in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) taken from patients with osteopetrosis and health donors. Notably, 123 differently expressed microRNAs, 173 differently expressed proteins, and 117 computationally predicted microRNA-target pairs with reciprocally expressed level in PBMCs were found in the two sample groups. Functional annotation identified that the microRNA-target pairs were involved in cell growth, differentiation, cellular signaling network, and the network highlighted the microRNA-target pair of has-miR-320a and ADP ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) potentially associated with CLCN7 mutations in osteopetrosis. The pair of has-miR-320a and Arf1 was further verified by real-time PCR, western blot, and the interaction between has-miR-320a and its targeted sequence on the Arf1 mRNAs was confirmed by luciferase assay. Collectively, the present study established a new system approach for the investigation of microRNAs, and the microRNA-target pairs, particular has-miR-320a and Arf1, may have important roles in osteopetrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingsong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Ding
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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27
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Dong X, Liu H, Chen F, Li D, Zhao Y. MiR-214 promotes the alcohol-induced oxidative stress via down-regulation of glutathione reductase and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase in liver cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:68-77. [PMID: 23905773 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiological process of alcohol-induced liver injury has been studied for decades. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting to oxidative stress genes in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury has not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to identify the targeting of miR-214 to both glutathione reductase (GSR) and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) genes and elucidate their impact on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver cells. METHODS The miR-214 expression vector and reporter vectors of GSR and POR 3'-UTR were constructed. Human hepatoma cell (Bel7402), human embryonic kidney 293 cell (HEK293), and rat normal hepatocyte (BRL) were transfected and stimulated with ethanol (EtOH). Wistar rats were fed with EtOH for 4 weeks. The GSR and POR protein levels were detected by Western blot, and their activities were measured using the spectrophotometric method. The miR-214 expression was detected by real-time PCR. The index of oxidative stress including the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was detected by commercial kits. RESULTS miR-214 bound specifically to the GSR and POR 3'-UTR and repressed the expressions and activities of both GSR and POR. EtOH up-regulated the miR-214 expression, down-regulated the GSR and POR protein levels and activities, and induced the oxidative stress in human and rat liver cells. EtOH-fed Wistar rats further confirmed that alcohol up-regulates the miR-214 expression in liver and repressed both GSR and POR in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated a new mechanism by which the alcohol repressed the GSR and POR expression via up-regulation of miR-214 and in turn induced oxidative stress in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Dong
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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28
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18- to 22-nucleotide-long, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that regulate important biological processes including differentiation, proliferation, and response to cellular stressors such as hypoxia, nutrient depletion, and traversion of the cell cycle by controlling protein expression within the cell. Many investigators have profiled cancer tissue and serum miRNAs to identify potential therapeutic targets, understand the pathways involved in tumorigenesis, and identify diagnostic tumor signatures. In the setting of pancreatic cancer, obtaining pancreatic tissue is invasive and impractical for early diagnosis. Several groups have profiled miRNAs that are present in the blood as a means to diagnose tumor progression and predict prognosis/survival or drug resistance. Several miRNA signatures found in pancreatic tissue and the peripheral blood, as well as the pathways that are associated with pancreatic cancer, are reviewed here in detail. Three miRNA biomarkers (miR-21, miR-155, and miR-200) have been repetitively identified in both pancreatic cancer tissue and patients' blood. Those miRNAs regulate and are regulated by the central genetic and epigenetic changes observed in pancreatic cancer including p53, transforming growth factor β, p16(INK4A), BRCA1/2, and Kras. These miRNAs are involved in DNA repair, cell cycle, and cell invasion and also play important roles in promoting metastases.
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29
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Faure M, Lafont F. Pathogen-induced autophagy signaling in innate immunity. J Innate Immun 2013; 5:456-70. [PMID: 23652193 PMCID: PMC6741472 DOI: 10.1159/000350918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity induces rapid responses to fight invading pathogens. To eliminate intracellular bacteria or viruses, innate cellular responses lead to the production of nuclear factor-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokines, inflammasome activation, type I interferon synthesis, and/or eventually death of the infected cells. Autophagy emerged as another component of innate immunity, as it offers an immediate autonomous cell defense mechanism by degrading intracellular pathogens. In addition, autophagy participates in the regulation of immune and inflammatory cell responses. Instead of providing a comprehensive status of the art that has already been addressed elsewhere, we chose to highlight some recent issues brought up in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Faure
- International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- Cellular Microbiology of Infectious Pathogens, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UM8204, INSERM U1019, Institut Pasteur de Lille, PRES Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
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30
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Tang S, Lotze MT. The Power of Negative Thinking: Which Cells Limit Tumor Immunity?: Figure 1. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5157-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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