1
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González Wusener AE, González Á, Perez Collado ME, Maza MR, General IJ, Arregui CO. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B targets focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in cell-matrix adhesions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272564. [PMID: 34553765 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B, also known as PTPN1) is an established regulator of cell-matrix adhesion and motility. However, the nature of substrate targets at adhesion sites remains to be validated. Here, we used bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, in combination with a substrate trapping mutant of PTP1B, to directly examine whether relevant phosphotyrosines on paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) are substrates of the phosphatase in the context of cell-matrix adhesion sites. We found that the formation of catalytic complexes at cell-matrix adhesions requires intact tyrosine residues Y31 and Y118 on paxillin, and the localization of FAK at adhesion sites. Additionally, we found that PTP1B specifically targets Y925 on the focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of FAK at adhesion sites. Electrostatic analysis indicated that dephosphorylation of this residue promotes the closed conformation of the FAT 4-helix bundle and its interaction with paxillin at adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E González Wusener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ángela González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - María E Perez Collado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Melina R Maza
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas and CONICET, San Martin, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ignacio J General
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas and CONICET, San Martin, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Carlos O Arregui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
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2
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Li C, Qian T, He R, Wan C, Liu Y, Yu H. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites: Regulators, Mechanisms, and Physiological Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:627700. [PMID: 33614657 PMCID: PMC7889955 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms direct membrane contact sites with the plasma membrane (PM) in eukaryotic cells. These ER-PM contact sites play essential roles in lipid homeostasis, ion dynamics, and cell signaling, which are carried out by protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. Distinct tethering factors dynamically control the architecture of ER-PM junctions in response to intracellular signals or external stimuli. The physiological roles of ER-PM contact sites are dependent on a variety of regulators that individually or cooperatively perform functions in diverse cellular processes. This review focuses on proteins functioning at ER-PM contact sites and highlights the recent progress in their mechanisms and physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyue He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Kozlova I, Sah S, Keable R, Leshchyns'ka I, Janitz M, Sytnyk V. Cell Adhesion Molecules and Protein Synthesis Regulation in Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:592126. [PMID: 33281551 PMCID: PMC7689008 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.592126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) mediate interactions of neurons with the extracellular environment by forming adhesive bonds with CAMs on adjacent membranes or via binding to proteins of the extracellular matrix. Binding of CAMs to their extracellular ligands results in the activation of intracellular signaling cascades, leading to changes in neuronal structure and the molecular composition and function of neuronal contacts. Ultimately, many of these changes depend on the synthesis of new proteins. In this review, we summarize the evidence showing that CAMs regulate protein synthesis by modulating the activity of transcription factors, gene expression, protein translation, and the structure and distribution of organelles involved in protein synthesis and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kozlova
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Saroj Sah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan Keable
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Buwa N, Mazumdar D, Balasubramanian N. Caveolin1 Tyrosine-14 Phosphorylation: Role in Cellular Responsiveness to Mechanical Cues. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:509-534. [PMID: 33089394 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a dynamic lipid bilayer that engages with the extracellular microenvironment and intracellular cytoskeleton. Caveolae are distinct plasma membrane invaginations lined by integral membrane proteins Caveolin1, 2, and 3. Caveolae formation and stability is further supported by additional proteins including Cavin1, EHD2, Pacsin2 and ROR1. The lipid composition of caveolar membranes, rich in cholesterol and phosphatidylserine, actively contributes to caveolae formation and function. Post-translational modifications of Cav1, including its phosphorylation of the tyrosine-14 residue (pY14Cav1) are vital to its function in and out of caveolae. Cells that experience significant mechanical stress are seen to have abundant caveolae. They play a vital role in regulating cellular signaling and endocytosis, which could further affect the abundance and distribution of caveolae at the PM, contributing to sensing and/or buffering mechanical stress. Changes in membrane tension in cells responding to multiple mechanical stimuli affects the organization and function of caveolae. These mechanical cues regulate pY14Cav1 levels and function in caveolae and focal adhesions. This review, along with looking at the mechanosensitive nature of caveolae, focuses on the role of pY14Cav1 in regulating cellular mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Buwa
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Debasmita Mazumdar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Nagaraj Balasubramanian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
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5
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Luo K, Tang Y, Gao X, Tan J, Yu B, Xu J, Luo F. Inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B phosphorylation enhances early adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to facilitate fabrication of tissue-engineered bone. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:575-587. [PMID: 32061178 DOI: 10.1002/term.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of cell-matrix adhesion is preferable and crucial in various fields of tissue engineering. Integrins are important receptors that facilitate cell-matrix adhesion, mediated by intracellular molecules and crosstalk with the cadherin adhesion pathway, which mainly facilitates cell-cell adhesion. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has emerged as a pivot in the crosstalk between the cadherin adhesion pathway and the integrin adhesion pathway. The phosphorylation state of PTP1B tyrosine-152 (Y152) plays a central role in balancing the two different cell adhesion forms. In this study, a PTP1B Y152 region mimicking (152RM) peptide was designed to decrease the phosphorylation of PTP1B Y152 via competitive inhibition. As a result, the dissociation of cadherin complexes and the release of PTP1B from cadherin had sharply increased, and Src, an important intracellular component of integrin, was activated, indicating that the cadherin adhesion pathway was inhibited, whereas the integrin adhesion pathway was enhanced. Moreover, upon treatment with the 152RM peptide, we observed that the early adhesion of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was accelerated and the anchoring of MSCs on the surface of integrin ligands was enhanced by an enhanced matrix adhesion ability of MSCs themselves. Importantly, the 152RM peptide significantly promoted the adhesion efficiency of MSCs in the selective cell retention technology, which fabricates instant bone implants in clinical settings, to stimulate osteogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gao
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiulin Tan
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Yu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
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6
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Zhao JY, Yang L, Bai HH, Liu JP, Suo ZW, Yang X, Hu XD. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in spinal cord dorsal horn of rats attenuated diabetic neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Hilmarsdottir B, Briem E, Halldorsson S, Kricker J, Ingthorsson S, Gustafsdottir S, Mælandsmo GM, Magnusson MK, Gudjonsson T. Inhibition of PTP1B disrupts cell-cell adhesion and induces anoikis in breast epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2769. [PMID: 28492548 PMCID: PMC5520702 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a well-known inhibitor of insulin signaling pathways and inhibitors against PTP1B are being developed as promising drug candidates for treatment of obesity. PTP1B has also been linked to breast cancer both as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene. Furthermore, PTP1B has been shown to be a regulator of cell adhesion and migration in normal and cancer cells. In this study, we analyzed the PTP1B expression in normal breast tissue, primary breast cells and the breast epithelial cell line D492. In normal breast tissue and primary breast cells, PTP1B is widely expressed in both epithelial and stromal cells, with highest expression in myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts. PTP1B is widely expressed in branching structures generated by D492 when cultured in 3D reconstituted basement membrane (3D rBM). Inhibition of PTP1B in D492 and another mammary epithelial cell line HMLE resulted in reduced cell proliferation and induction of anoikis. These changes were seen when cells were cultured both in monolayer and in 3D rBM. PTP1B inhibition affected cell attachment, expression of cell adhesion proteins and actin polymerization. Moreover, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) sensitized cells to PTP1B inhibition. A mesenchymal sublines of D492 and HMLE (D492M and HMLEmes) were more sensitive to PTP1B inhibition than D492 and HMLE. Reversion of D492M to an epithelial state using miR-200c-141 restored resistance to detachment induced by PTP1B inhibition. In conclusion, we have shown that PTP1B is widely expressed in the human breast gland with highest expression in myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts. Inhibition of PTP1B in D492 and HMLE affects cell–cell adhesion and induces anoikis-like effects. Finally, cells with an EMT phenotype are more sensitive to PTP1B inhibitors making PTP1B a potential candidate for further studies as a target for drug development in cancer involving the EMT phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bylgja Hilmarsdottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirikur Briem
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Jennifer Kricker
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sævar Ingthorsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigrun Gustafsdottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus K Magnusson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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8
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a broad localization throughout the cell and forms direct physical contacts with all other classes of membranous organelles, including the plasma membrane (PM). A number of protein tethers that mediate these contacts have been identified, and study of these protein tethers has revealed a multiplicity of roles in cell physiology, including regulation of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and signaling as well as control of lipid traffic and homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the cross talk between the ER and the PM mediated by direct contacts. We review factors that tether the two membranes, their properties, and their dynamics in response to the functional state of the cell. We focus in particular on the role of ER-PM contacts in nonvesicular lipid transport between the two bilayers mediated by lipid transfer proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore;
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
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9
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Hsu MF, Pan KT, Chang FY, Khoo KH, Urlaub H, Cheng CF, Chang GD, Haj FG, Meng TC. S-nitrosylation of endogenous protein tyrosine phosphatases in endothelial insulin signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:199-213. [PMID: 27521458 PMCID: PMC5514559 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) exerts its biological function through S-nitrosylation of cellular proteins. Due to the labile nature of this modification under physiological condition, identification of S-nitrosylated residue in enzymes involved in signaling regulation remains technically challenging. The present study investigated whether intrinsic NO produced in endothelium-derived MS-1 cells response to insulin stimulation might target endogenous protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). For this, we have developed an approach using a synthetic reagent that introduces a phenylacetamidyl moiety on S-nitrosylated Cys, followed by detection with anti-phenylacetamidyl Cys (PAC) antibody. Coupling with sequential blocking of free thiols with multiple iodoacetyl-based Cys-reactive chemicals, we employed this PAC-switch method to show that endogenous SHP-2 and PTP1B were S-nitrosylated in MS-1 cells exposed to insulin. The mass spectrometry detected a phenylacetamidyl moiety specifically present on the active-site Cys463 of SHP-2. Focusing on the regulatory role of PTP1B, we showed S-nitrosylation to be the principal Cys reversible redox modification in endothelial insulin signaling. The PAC-switch method in an imaging format illustrated that a pool of S-nitrosylated PTP1B was colocalized with activated insulin receptor to the cell periphery, and that such event was endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-dependent. Moreover, ectopic expression of the C215S mutant of PTP1B that mimics the active-site Cys215 S-nitrosylated form restored insulin responsiveness in eNOS-ablated cells, which was otherwise insensitive to insulin stimulation. This work not only introduces a new method that explores the role of physiological NO in regulating signal transduction, but also highlights a positive NO effect on promoting insulin responsiveness through S-nitrosylation of PTP1B's active-site Cys215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fo Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Pan
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Plank Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fan-Yu Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Plank Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany; Bioanalytics Research Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Tzu Chi University and Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Tzu-Ching Meng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Li H, Xie N, Chen R, Verreault M, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Barbier O, Dong X. UGT2B17 Expedites Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers by Promoting Ligand-Independent AR Signaling. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6701-6711. [PMID: 27659047 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is characterized by a shift in androgen receptor (AR) signaling from androgen-dependent to androgen (ligand)-independent. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 (UGT2B17) is a key enzyme that maintains androgen homeostasis by catabolizing AR agonists into inactive forms. Although enhanced UGT2B17 expression by antiandrogens has been reported in androgen-dependent prostate cancer, its roles in regulating AR signaling transformation and CRPC progression remain unknown. In this study, we show that higher UGT2B17 protein expression in prostate tumors is associated with higher Gleason score, metastasis, and CRPC progression. UGT2B17 expression and activity were higher in androgen-independent compared to androgen-dependent cell lines. UGT2B17 stimulated cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and xenograft progression to CRPC after prolonged androgen deprivation. Gene microarray analysis indicated that UGT2B17 suppressed androgen-dependent AR transcriptional activity and enhanced of ligand-independent transcriptional activity at genes associated with cell mitosis. These UGT2B17 actions were mainly mediated by activation of the c-Src kinase. In CRPC tumors, UGT2B17 expression was associated positively with c-Src activation. These results indicate that UGT2B17 expedites CRPC progression by enhancing ligand-independent AR signaling to activate cell mitosis in cancer cells. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6701-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Li
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mélanie Verreault
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre, and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre, and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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11
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Abstract
Spatiotemporal aspects of protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity and interaction partners for many PTPs are elusive. We describe here an elegant and relatively simple method, in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA), which can be used to address these issues. The possibility to detect endogenous unmodified proteins in situ and to visualize individual interactions with spatial resolution is the major advantage of this technique. We provide protocols suitable to monitor association of the transmembrane PTPs PTPRJ/DEP-1/CD148 and PTPRB/VE-PTP with their substrates, the receptor tyrosine kinases FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/CD135), and Tie2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), respectively. Detailed description of method development and reagents as well as highlighting of critical factors will enable the reader to apply the method successfully to other PTP-protein interactions.
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12
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González Wusener AE, González Á, Nakamura F, Arregui CO. PTP1B triggers integrin-mediated repression of myosin activity and modulates cell contractility. Biol Open 2015; 5:32-44. [PMID: 26700725 PMCID: PMC4728310 DOI: 10.1242/bio.015883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell contractility and migration by integrins depends on precise regulation of protein tyrosine kinase and Rho-family GTPase activities in specific spatiotemporal patterns. Here we show that protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B cooperates with β3 integrin to activate the Src/FAK signalling pathway which represses RhoA-myosin-dependent contractility. Using PTP1B null (KO) cells and PTP1B reconstituted (WT) cells, we determined that some early steps following cell adhesion to fibronectin and vitronectin occurred robustly in WT cells, including aggregation of β3 integrins and adaptor proteins, and activation of Src/FAK-dependent signalling at small puncta in a lamellipodium. However, these events were significantly impaired in KO cells. We established that cytoskeletal strain and cell contractility was highly enhanced at the periphery of KO cells compared to WT cells. Inhibition of the Src/FAK signalling pathway or expression of constitutive active RhoA in WT cells induced a KO cell phenotype. Conversely, expression of constitutive active Src or myosin inhibition in KO cells restored the WT phenotype. We propose that this novel function of PTP1B stimulates permissive conditions for adhesion and lamellipodium assembly at the protruding edge during cell spreading and migration. Summary: Here we show that protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B cooperates with β3 integrin to transiently repress RhoA-myosin-dependent contractility, stimulating adhesion and lamellipodium assembly during cell spreading and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E González Wusener
- IIB-INTECH, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela González
- IIB-INTECH, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, USA
| | - Carlos O Arregui
- IIB-INTECH, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Martin-Granados C, Prescott AR, Le Sommer S, Klaska IP, Yu T, Muckersie E, Giuraniuc CV, Grant L, Delibegovic M, Forrester JV. A key role for PTP1B in dendritic cell maturation, migration, and T cell activation. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:517-28. [PMID: 26063615 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are the major antigen-presenting cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity, a function they perform by converting quiescent DC to active, mature DC with the capacity to activate naïve T cells. They do this by migrating from the tissues to the T cell area of the secondary lymphoid tissues. Here, we demonstrate that myeloid cell-specific genetic deletion of PTP1B (LysM PTP1B) leads to defects in lipopolysaccharide-driven bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) activation associated with increased levels of phosphorylated Stat3. We show that myeloid cell-specific PTP1B deletion also causes decreased migratory capacity of epidermal DC, as well as reduced CCR7 expression and chemotaxis to CCL19 by BMDC. PTP1B deficiency in BMDC also impairs their migration in vivo. Further, immature LysM PTP1B BMDC display fewer podosomes, increased levels of phosphorylated Src at tyrosine 527, and loss of Src localization to podosome puncta. In co-culture with T cells, LysM PTP1B BMDC establish fewer and shorter contacts than control BMDC. Finally, LysM PTP1B BMDC fail to present antigen to T cells as efficiently as control BMDC. These data provide first evidence for a key regulatory role for PTP1B in mediating a central DC function of initiating adaptive immune responses in response to innate immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martin-Granados
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Samantha Le Sommer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Izabela P Klaska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Tian Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Elizabeth Muckersie
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Claudiu V Giuraniuc
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Louise Grant
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - John V Forrester
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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14
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Gomez GA, McLachlan RW, Wu SK, Caldwell BJ, Moussa E, Verma S, Bastiani M, Priya R, Parton RG, Gaus K, Sap J, Yap AS. An RPTPα/Src family kinase/Rap1 signaling module recruits myosin IIB to support contractile tension at apical E-cadherin junctions. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1249-62. [PMID: 25631816 PMCID: PMC4454173 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-07-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion couples the contractile cortices of epithelial cells together, generating tension to support a range of morphogenetic processes. E-cadherin adhesion plays an active role in generating junctional tension by promoting actin assembly and cortical signaling pathways that regulate myosin II. Multiple myosin II paralogues accumulate at mammalian epithelial cell-cell junctions. Earlier, we found that myosin IIA responds to Rho-ROCK signaling to support junctional tension in MCF-7 cells. Although myosin IIB is also found at the zonula adherens (ZA) in these cells, its role in junctional contractility and its mode of regulation are less well understood. We now demonstrate that myosin IIB contributes to tension at the epithelial ZA. Further, we identify a receptor type-protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha-Src family kinase-Rap1 pathway as responsible for recruiting myosin IIB to the ZA and supporting contractile tension. Overall these findings reinforce the concept that orthogonal E-cadherin-based signaling pathways recruit distinct myosin II paralogues to generate the contractile apparatus at apical epithelial junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert W McLachlan
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Selwin K Wu
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Caldwell
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Elliott Moussa
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michele Bastiani
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- UNSW Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jan Sap
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR 7216 CNRS Bâtiment Lamarck, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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15
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Hobiger K, Friedrich T. Voltage sensitive phosphatases: emerging kinship to protein tyrosine phosphatases from structure-function research. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:20. [PMID: 25713537 PMCID: PMC4322731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein Ci-VSP from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis was described as first member of a fascinating family of enzymes, the voltage sensitive phosphatases (VSPs). Ci-VSP and its voltage-activated homologs from other species are stimulated by positive membrane potentials and dephosphorylate the head groups of negatively charged phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs). In doing so, VSPs act as control centers at the cytosolic membrane surface, because they intervene in signaling cascades that are mediated by PIP lipids. The characteristic motif CX5RT/S in the active site classifies VSPs as members of the huge family of cysteine-based protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Although PTPs have already been well-characterized regarding both, structure and function, their relationship to VSPs has drawn only limited attention so far. Therefore, the intention of this review is to give a short overview about the extensive knowledge about PTPs in relation to the facts known about VSPs. Here, we concentrate on the structural features of the catalytic domain which are similar between both classes of phosphatases and their consequences for the enzymatic function. By discussing results obtained from crystal structures, molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis studies, a possible mechanism for the catalytic cycle of VSPs is presented based on that one proposed for PTPs. In this way, we want to link the knowledge about the catalytic activity of VSPs and PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Hobiger
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
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16
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Ramalingam L, Yoder SM, Oh E, Thurmond DC. Munc18c: a controversial regulator of peripheral insulin action. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:601-8. [PMID: 25028245 PMCID: PMC4253632 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a hallmark of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), arises from dysfunction of insulin action and subsequent glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, predominantly skeletal muscle and fat. Exocytosis of glucose transporter (GLUT4)-containing vesicles facilitated by soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment receptor (SNARE) protein isoforms, and Munc18c (mammalian homolog of Unc-18c) mediates this glucose uptake. Emerging evidences, including recent human clinical studies, point to pivotal roles for Munc18c in peripheral insulin action in adipose and skeletal muscle. Intriguing new advances are also initiating debates regarding the molecular mechanism(s) controlling Munc18c action. The objective of this review is therefore to present a balanced perspective of new continuities and controversies surrounding the regulation and requirement for Munc18c in the regulation of peripheral insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Stephanie M Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eunjin Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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17
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Tchankouo-Nguetcheu S, Udinotti M, Durand M, Meng TC, Taouis M, Rabinow L. Negative regulation of MAP kinase signaling in Drosophila by Ptp61F/PTP1B. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:795-806. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Arregui CO, González Á, Burdisso JE, González Wusener AE. Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B in cell adhesion and migration. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:418-23. [PMID: 24104540 DOI: 10.4161/cam.26375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration requires a highly coordinated interplay between specialized plasma membrane adhesion complexes and the cytoskeleton. Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation modifications regulate many aspects of the integrin-cytoskeleton interdependence, including their coupling, dynamics, and organization to support cell movement. The endoplasmic reticulum-bound protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B has been implicated as a regulator of cell adhesion and migration. Recent results from our laboratory shed light on potential mechanisms, such as Src/FAK signaling through Rho GTPases and integrin-cytoskeletal coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Arregui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E Burdisso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana E González Wusener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Stefan CJ, Manford AG, Emr SD. ER-PM connections: sites of information transfer and inter-organelle communication. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:434-42. [PMID: 23522446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are divided into distinct membrane-bound organelles with unique identities and specialized metabolic functions. Communication between organelles must take place to regulate the size, shape, and composition of individual organelles, as well as to coordinate transport between organelles. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms an expansive membrane network that contacts and participates in crosstalk with several other organelles in the cell, most notably the plasma membrane (PM). ER-PM junctions have well-established functions in the movement of small molecules, such as lipids and ions, between the ER and PM. Recent discoveries have revealed additional exciting roles for ER-PM junctions in the regulation of cell signaling, ER shape and architecture, and PM domain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Stefan
- Weill Institute for Cell & Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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20
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The nucleus- and endoplasmic reticulum-targeted forms of protein tyrosine phosphatase 61F regulate Drosophila growth, life span, and fecundity. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:1345-56. [PMID: 23339871 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01411-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) T cell PTP (TCPTP) and PTP1B share a high level of catalytic domain sequence and structural similarity yet display distinct differences in substrate recognition and function. Their noncatalytic domains contribute to substrate selectivity and function by regulating TCPTP nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and targeting PTP1B to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The Drosophila TCPTP/PTP1B orthologue PTP61F has two variants with identical catalytic domains that are differentially targeted to the ER and nucleus. Here we demonstrate that the PTP61F variants differ in their ability to negatively regulate insulin signaling in vivo, with the nucleus-localized form (PTP61Fn) being more effective than the ER-localized form (PTP61Fm). We report that PTP61Fm is reliant on the adaptor protein Dock to attenuate insulin signaling in vivo. Also, we show that the PTP61F variants differ in their capacities to regulate growth, with PTP61Fn but not PTP61Fm attenuating cellular proliferation. Furthermore, we generate a mutant lacking both PTP61F variants, which displays a reduction in median life span and a decrease in female fecundity, and show that both variants are required to rescue these mutant phenotypes. Our findings define the role of PTP61F in life span and fecundity and reinforce the importance of subcellular localization in mediating PTP function in vivo.
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21
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Burdisso JE, González Á, Arregui CO. PTP1B promotes focal complex maturation, lamellar persistence and directional migration. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1820-31. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.118828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous findings established that ER-bound PTP1B targets peripheral cell-matrix adhesions and regulates positively cell adhesion to fibronectin. Here we show that PTP1B enhances focal complex lifetime at the lamellipodium base, delaying their turnover and facilitating α-actinin incorporation. We demonstrate the presence of catalytic PTP1BD181A-α-actinin complexes at focal complexes. Kymograph analysis reveals that PTP1B contributes to lamellar protrusion persistence and directional cell migration. Pull down and FRET analysis also shows that PTP1B is required for efficient integrin-dependent downregulation of RhoA and upregulation of Rac1 during spreading. A substrate trap strategy revealed that FAK/Src recruitment and Src activity were essential for the generation of PTP1B substrates in adhesions. PTP1B targets the negative regulatory site of Src (phosphotyrosine 529), paxillin and p130Cas at peripheral cell-matrix adhesions. We postulate that PTP1B modulates more than one pathway required for focal complex maturation and membrane protrusion, including α-actinin-mediated cytoskeletal anchorage, integrin-dependent activation of the FAK/Src signaling pathway, and RhoA and Rac1 GTPase activity. By doing so, PTP1B contributes to coordinate adhesion turnover, lamellar stability and directional cell migration.
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22
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Dai JP, Zhao XF, Zeng J, Wan QY, Yang JC, Li WZ, Chen XX, Wang GF, Li KS. Drug screening for autophagy inhibitors based on the dissociation of Beclin1-Bcl2 complex using BiFC technique and mechanism of eugenol on anti-influenza A virus activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61026. [PMID: 23613775 PMCID: PMC3628889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in many human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and virus infection, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), influenza A virus (IAV) and coxsackievirus B3/B4 (CVB3/B4), so a drug screening model targeting autophagy may be very useful for the therapy of these diseases. In our study, we established a drug screening model based on the inhibition of the dissociation of Beclin1-Bcl2 heterodimer, an important negative regulator of autophagy, using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) technique for developing novel autophagy inhibitors and anti-IAV agents. From 86 examples of traditional Chinese medicines, we found Syzygium aromaticum L. had the best activity. We then determined the anti-autophagy and anti-IAV activity of eugenol, the major active compound of Syzygium aromaticum L., and explored its mechanism of action. Eugenol could inhibit autophagy and IAV replication, inhibited the activation of ERK, p38MAPK and IKK/NF-κB signal pathways and antagonized the effects of the activators of these pathways. Eugenol also ameliorated the oxidative stress and inhibited the expressions of autophagic genes. We speculated that the mechanism underlying might be that eugenol inhibited the oxidative stress and the activation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK and IKK/NF-κB pathways, subsequently inhibited the dissociation of Beclin1-Bcl2 heterodimer and autophagy, and finally impaired IAV replication. These results might conversely display the reasonableness of the design of our screening model. In conclusion, we have established a drug screening model for developing novel autophagy inhibitor, and find eugenol as a promising inhibitor for autophagy and IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Feng Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Ying Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Cai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhong Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge-Fei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (G-FW); (K-SL)
| | - Kang-Sheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (G-FW); (K-SL)
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