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Karim N, Mirmirani P, Durbin-Johnson BP, Rocke DM, Salemi M, Phinney BS, Rice RH. Protein profiling of forehead epidermal corneocytes distinguishes frontal fibrosing from androgenetic alopecia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283619. [PMID: 37000833 PMCID: PMC10065298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein profiling offers an effective approach to characterizing how far epidermis departs from normal in disease states. The present pilot investigation tested the hypothesis that protein expression in epidermal corneocytes is perturbed in the forehead of subjects exhibiting frontal fibrosing alopecia. To this end, samples were collected by tape stripping from subjects diagnosed with this condition and compared to those from asymptomatic control subjects and from those exhibiting androgenetic alopecia. Unlike the latter, which exhibited only 3 proteins significantly different from controls in expression level, forehead samples from frontal fibrosing alopecia subjects displayed 72 proteins significantly different from controls, nearly two-thirds having lower expression. The results demonstrate frontal fibrosing alopecia exhibits altered corneocyte protein expression in epidermis beyond the scalp, indicative of a systemic condition. They also provide a basis for quantitative measures of departure from normal by assaying forehead epidermis, useful in monitoring response to treatment while avoiding invasive biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Karim
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Paradi Mirmirani
- Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Vallejo, California, United States of America
| | - Blythe P. Durbin-Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Clinical and Translational Science Center Biostatistics Core, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - David M. Rocke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Clinical and Translational Science Center Biostatistics Core, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Hintze M, Griesing S, Michels M, Blanck B, Wischhof L, Hartmann D, Bano D, Franz T. Alopecia in Harlequin mutant mice is associated with reduced AIF protein levels and expression of retroviral elements. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:12-29. [PMID: 33367954 PMCID: PMC7878237 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, in supporting hair growth. We report that pelage abnormalities developed during hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis in Harlequin (Hq) mutant mice. Fragility of the hair cortex was associated with decreased expression of genes encoding structural hair proteins, though key transcriptional regulators of HF development were expressed at normal levels. Notably, Aifm1 (R200 del) knockin males and Aifm1(R200 del)/Hq females showed minor hair defects, despite substantially reduced AIF levels. Furthermore, we cloned the integrated ecotropic provirus of the Aifm1Hq allele. We found that its overexpression in wild-type keratinocyte cell lines led to down-regulation of HF-specific Krt84 and Krtap3-3 genes without altering Aifm1 or epidermal Krt5 expression. Together, our findings imply that pelage paucity in Hq mutant mice is mechanistically linked to severe AIF deficiency and is associated with the expression of retroviral elements that might potentially influence the transcriptional regulation of structural hair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Hintze
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Medical Department, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Griesing
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Dept. of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Marion Michels
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Blanck
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Hartmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Franz
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Gagnier L, Belancio VP, Mager DL. Mouse germ line mutations due to retrotransposon insertions. Mob DNA 2019; 10:15. [PMID: 31011371 PMCID: PMC6466679 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-019-0157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable element (TE) insertions are responsible for a significant fraction of spontaneous germ line mutations reported in inbred mouse strains. This major contribution of TEs to the mutational landscape in mouse contrasts with the situation in human, where their relative contribution as germ line insertional mutagens is much lower. In this focussed review, we provide comprehensive lists of TE-induced mouse mutations, discuss the different TE types involved in these insertional mutations and elaborate on particularly interesting cases. We also discuss differences and similarities between the mutational role of TEs in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Gagnier
- 1Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, V5Z1L3, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Victoria P Belancio
- 2Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Center for Aging, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Dixie L Mager
- 1Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, V5Z1L3, Vancouver, BC Canada
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Liu YM, Liu W, Jia JS, Chen BZ, Chen HW, Liu Y, Bie YN, Gu P, Sun Y, Xiao D, Gu WW. Abnormalities of hair structure and skin histology derived from CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout of phospholipase C-delta 1 in mice. J Transl Med 2018; 16:141. [PMID: 29793503 PMCID: PMC5968471 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairless mice have been widely applied in skin-related researches, while hairless pigs will be an ideal model for skin-related study and other biomedical researches because of the similarity of skin structure with humans. The previous study revealed that hairlessness phenotype in nude mice is caused by insufficient expression of phospholipase C-delta 1 (PLCD1), an essential molecule downstream of Foxn1, which encouraged us to generate PLCD1-deficient pigs. In this study, we plan to firstly produce PLCD1 knockout (KO) mice by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which will lay a solid foundation for the generation of hairless PLCD1 KO pigs. METHODS Generation of PLCD1 sgRNAs and Cas 9 mRNA was performed as described (Shao in Nat Protoc 9:2493-2512, 2014). PLCD1-modified mice (F0) were generated via co-microinjection of PLCD1-sgRNA and Cas9 mRNA into the cytoplasm of C57BL/6J zygotes. Homozygous PLCD1-deficient mice (F1) were obtained by intercrossing of F0 mice with the similar mutation. RESULTS PLCD1-modified mice (F0) showed progressive hair loss after birth and the genotype of CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations in exon 2 of PLCD1 locus, suggesting the sgRNA is effective to cause mutations that lead to hair growth defect. Homozygous PLCD1-deficient mice (F1) displayed baldness in abdomen and hair sparse in dorsa. Histological abnormalities of the reduced number of hair follicles, irregularly arranged and curved hair follicles, epidermal hyperplasia and disturbed differentiation of epidermis were observed in the PLCD1-deficient mice. Moreover, the expression level of PLCD1 was significantly decreased, while the expression levels of other genes (i.e., Krt1, Krt5, Krt13, loricrin and involucrin) involved in the differentiation of hair follicle were remarkerably increased in skin tissues of PLCD1-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we achieve PLCD1 KO mice by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which provide a new animal model for hair development research, although homozygotes don't display completely hairless phenotype as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
- Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
- Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523808 China
- Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, 435100 Hubei China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Bang-Zhu Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
- Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Heng-Wei Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Ya-Nan Bie
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Peng Gu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
- Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Yan Sun
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Wei-Wang Gu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
- Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523808 China
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Sato E, Muto J, Zhang LJ, Adase CA, Sanford JA, Takahashi T, Nakatsuji T, Usdin TB, Gallo RL. The Parathyroid Hormone Second Receptor PTH2R and its Ligand Tuberoinfundibular Peptide of 39 Residues TIP39 Regulate Intracellular Calcium and Influence Keratinocyte Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1449-1459. [PMID: 27000502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genes related to the parathyroid hormone (PTH) influence cutaneous immune defense and development, but the full functions of the PTH family in cutaneous biology remain incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the expression and potential functions of the PTH second receptor (PTH2R) and its ligand, the tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39), in the skin. TIP39 and PTH2R mRNA and protein were detectable in both human and mouse skin, and in cultured keratinocytes and adipocytes. TIP39 was observed in the basal layer of human skin, whereas PTH2R was detected in the spinous to granular layer. The subcellular localization of TIP39 in keratinocytes changed during calcium-induced differentiation and shifted to colocalize with PTH2R at the membrane. The addition of recombinant TIP39 to normal human keratinocytes in culture induced an increase in intercellular calcium and triggered aspects of terminal differentiation including decreased keratin-14 and increased involucrin expression. Consistent with these observations, PTH2R(-/-) mice were observed to have increased epidermal thickness. In summary, identification of TIP39 and its receptor in the epidermis reveals an additional PTH family member that is expressed in the skin and may influence keratinocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jun Muto
- Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ling-Juan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher A Adase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Toshiya Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ted B Usdin
- Section on Fundamental Neuroscience, NIMH National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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