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Li S, Xing X, Hua X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Shan C, Wang H, Zheng M, Xu J. Electroacupuncture modulates abnormal brain connectivity after ischemia reperfusion injury in rats: A graph theory-based approach. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3504. [PMID: 38698583 PMCID: PMC11066419 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to facilitate brain plasticity-related functional recovery following ischemic stroke. The functional magnetic resonance imaging technique can be used to determine the range and mode of brain activation. After stroke, EA has been shown to alter brain connectivity, whereas EA's effect on brain network topology properties remains unclear. An evaluation of EA's effects on global and nodal topological properties in rats with ischemia reperfusion was conducted in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS There were three groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats: sham-operated group (sham group), middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) group, and MCAO/R plus EA (MCAO/R + EA) group. The differences in global and nodal topological properties, including shortest path length, global efficiency, local efficiency, small-worldness index, betweenness centrality (BC), and degree centrality (DC) were estimated. Graphical network analyses revealed that, as compared with the sham group, the MCAO/R group demonstrated a decrease in BC value in the right ventral hippocampus and increased BC in the right substantia nigra, accompanied by increased DC in the left nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh). The BC was increased in the right hippocampus ventral and decreased in the right substantia nigra after EA intervention, and MCAO/R + EA resulted in a decreased DC in left AcbSh compared to MCAO/R. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide a potential basis for EA to promote cognitive and motor function recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Si Li
- School of Rehabilitation ScienceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiang‐Xin Xing
- Center of Rehabilitation MedicineYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xu‐Yun Hua
- Department of Traumatology and OrthopedicsYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐Wen Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain‐Inspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐Jia Wu
- Center of Rehabilitation MedicineYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chun‐Lei Shan
- School of Rehabilitation ScienceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Center of Rehabilitation MedicineYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain‐Inspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mou‐Xiong Zheng
- Department of Traumatology and OrthopedicsYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation ScienceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
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Wong KKL, Xu J, Chen C, Ghista D, Zhao H. Functional magnetic resonance imaging providing the brain effect mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for depression. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1151421. [PMID: 37025199 PMCID: PMC10070747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1151421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of depression has been fully recognized internationally. However, its central mechanism is still not developed into a unified standard, and it is generally believed that the central mechanism is regulation of the cortical striatum thalamic neural pathway of the limbic system. In recent years, some scholars have applied functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the central mechanism and the associated brain effects of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for depression. This study reviews the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of depression from two aspects: (1) fMRI study of the brain function related to the acupuncture treatment of depression: different acupuncture and moxibustion methods are summarized, the fMRI technique is elaborately explained, and the results of fMRI study of the effects of acupuncture are analyzed in detail, and (2) fMRI associated "brain functional network" effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on depression, including the effects on the hippocampus, the amygdala, the cingulate gyrus, the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, and other brain regions. The study of the effects of acupuncture on brain imaging is not adequately developed and still needs further improvement and development. The brain function networks associated with the acupuncture treatment of depression have not yet been adequately developed to provide a scientific and standardized mechanism of the effects of acupuncture. For this purpose, this study analyzes in-depth the clinical studies on the treatment of anxiety and depression by acupuncture and moxibustion, by depicting how the employment of fMRI technology provides significant imaging changes in the brain regions. Therefore, the study also provides a reference for future clinical research on the treatment of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K. L. Wong
- The Research Center for Medical AI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- The Research Center for Medical AI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cang Chen
- The Research Center for Medical AI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dhanjoo Ghista
- The Research Center for Medical AI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Luohu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Wang H, Yin N, Wang A, Xu G. Cerebral cortex Functional Networks of Transdermal Electrical Stimulation at Daling (PC7) Acupoint. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:106-116. [PMID: 36113449 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex functional network of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals during transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on 21 healthy subjects was constructed by using three modules: standard low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), phase-locking value (PLV), and complex network. We investigated the brain functional network triggered by PC7 stimulation by comparing with resting state and non-acupoint stimulation. The results showed that the PC7 stimulation mainly activated frontal lobe and temporal lobe including prefrontal cortex (BA10), insular lobe (BA13), temporal gyrus (BA22), anterior cingulate cortex (BA32), temporal pole (BA38), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA46), and inferior frontal cortex (BA47), which are all closely linked to cognition, spirit, and emotion in brain. Furthermore, the degrees of node in frontal, temporal, and whole brain are increased significantly or extreme significantly with p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively; clustering coefficient in frontal, temporal, and whole brain are all statistically significant (p < 0.05). The information transmission efficiency of cerebral cortex has been greatly improved. During PC7 stimulation, the topological changes in the activation of cerebral regions and cortical functional networks are consistent with the therapeutic effect, which may provide theoretical support for acupoint stimulation to regulate nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, 12606Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, 12606Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Ning Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, 12606Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, 12606Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Aoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, 12606Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, 12606Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Guizhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, 12606Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, 12606Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
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4
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Yan F, Song D, Dong Z, Zhang Y, Wang H, Huang L, Wang Y, Wang Q. Alternation of EEG Characteristics During Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation-Induced Sedation. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:204-214. [PMID: 33256427 DOI: 10.1177/1550059420976303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that applying acupuncture during general anesthesia can reduce the dosage of anesthetics. Hence, it is speculated that acupuncture may have a sedative effect. However, existing studies employed acupuncture in combination with anesthetics, which makes determine acupuncture's role in producing sedation difficult. In this work, we investigated the sedative effect of acupuncture by using transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) at bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Shenmen (HT7) and Sanyinjiao (SP6). Using a cross-over design, 2 separate sessions, that are, the resting and TAES sessions, were conducted for each subject. The sedative effect was quantified by using the bispectral index (BIS). The difference in brain activities between resting and TAES sessions was investigated by analyzing the simultaneously recorded EEG signals. Our results showed that a statistically significant difference in BIS values existed between resting and TAES sessions, which suggested that TAES alone was capable of inducing observable sedation. Using power spectrum analysis, we showed that TAES-induced sedation was accompanied by a reduction in alpha band power and an increment in delta band power. Permutation entropy was lower during the TAES session, which suggested that TAES reduced the complexity of the EEG signal. Moreover, a significant reduction in the global strength of brain functional connections was observed during TAES. These findings suggest that TAES alone can induce observable sedative effects, and this sedation effect is accompanied by changes in brain activities that have shown to be correlated with consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dawei Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Yin N, Wang AX, Wang HL. Electroencephalogram Analysis of Magnetic Stimulation at Different Acupoints. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:848308. [PMID: 35450014 PMCID: PMC9016326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.848308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic stimulation has some similarities with acupuncture, and it has broad application prospects because of its non-invasiveness and easy quantification. This paper combines magnetic stimulation technology with electroencephalography to analyze the time-frequency and the brain functional network results elicited by magnetic stimulation at different acupoints. This paper hopes to observe the different effects of stimulating different acupoints on the brain from the perspective of EEG. The EEG signals during magnetic stimulation at ST36, ST40, and GB37 were recorded, respectively. The time-frequency results showed that the magnetic stimulation at ST36 and ST40 on the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian increased the energy in the left parietal lobe and the right central region, and the energy increased mainly in the theta and alpha bands. However, during the magnetic stimulation at GB37 on the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, the energy in the central region and the frontal lobe increased, and the energy increased mainly in the delta, theta, and alpha bands. Moreover, the energy in the right parietal lobe decreased during magnetic stimulation at GB37. The results of brain functional network were also consistent with time-frequency results. The brain network connections of GB37 stimulation in the central region were significantly less than that of ST36 and ST40 (p < 0.01). In addition, the connections between central region and frontal lobe and the connections between central region and parietal lobe of GB37 stimulation were significantly different from that of ST36 and ST40 (p < 0.01). The above results indicate that ST36 and ST40 on the same meridian have similar effects on the brain, while GB37 on the other meridian has completely different effects from ST36 and ST40. The results of this paper explain the reason why stimulating ST36 and ST40 can treat similar diseases from the perspective of EEG, and also explain that stimulating GB37 has significantly different effects on the brain from that of ST36 and ST40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ao-Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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Park JY, Cho SJ, Lee SH, Ryu Y, Jang JH, Kim SN, Park HJ. Peripheral ERK modulates acupuncture-induced brain neural activity and its functional connectivity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5128. [PMID: 33664320 PMCID: PMC7933175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has been widely used as a therapeutic intervention, and the brain network plays a crucial role in its neural mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the acupuncture mechanism from peripheral to central by identifying how the peripheral molecular signals induced by acupuncture affect the brain neural responses and its functional connectivity. We confirmed that peripheral ERK activation by acupuncture plays a role in initiating acupuncture-induced peripheral proteomic changes in mice. The brain neural activities in the neocortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, periaqueductal grey, and nucleus of the solitary tract (Sol) were significantly changed after acupuncture, and these were altered by peripheral MEK/MAPK inhibition. The arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus were the most affected by acupuncture and peripheral MEK/MAPK inhibition. The hypothalamic area was the most contributing brain region in contrast task PLS analysis. Acupuncture provoked extensive changes in brain functional connectivity, and the posterior hypothalamus showed the highest betweenness centrality after acupuncture. After brain hub identification, the Sol and cingulate cortex were selected as hub regions that reflect both degree and betweenness centrality after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture activates brain functional connectivity and that peripheral ERK induced by acupuncture plays a role in initiating brain neural activation and its functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ho Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jang
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-Ro, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Using Nonlinear Dynamics and Multivariate Statistics to Analyze EEG Signals of Insomniacs with the Intervention of Superficial Acupuncture. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8817843. [PMID: 33281917 PMCID: PMC7685823 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8817843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective As a noninvasive and nonpharmacological therapeutic approach, superficial acupuncture (SA) is a special method of acupuncture. In this study, using nonlinear dynamics and multivariate statistics, we studied the electroencephalography (EEG) of primary insomnia under SA intervention to investigate how brain regions change. Method This study included 30 adults with primary insomnia. They underwent superficial acupuncture at the Shangen acupoint. The EEG signals were collected for 10 minutes at each state, including the resting state, the intervention state, and the postintervention state. The data were conducted using nonlinear dynamics (including approximate entropy (ApEn) and correlation dimension (CD)) and multivariate statistics. Result The repeated-measures ANOVA results showed that both ApEn and CD values were not significantly different at the three states (p > 0.05). The paired t-test results showed that the ApEn values of electrodes O2 (the right occipital lobe) at the postintervention state have decreased, compared with the resting state (p < 0.05), and no difference was detected in CD (p > 0.05). The cluster analysis results of ApEn showed that patients' EEG has changed from the right prefrontal lobe (electrode Fp2) to the right posterior temporal lobe (electrode T6) and finally to the right occipital lobe (electrode O2), before, during, and after the SA intervention. In addition, the factor analysis results of CD revealed that patients' EEG of all brain regions except for the occipital lobes has changed to the frontal lobes and anterior temporal and frontal lobes from pre- to postintervention. Conclusion SA activated the corresponding brain regions and reduced the complexity of the brain involved. It is feasible to use nonlinear dynamics analysis and multivariate statistics to examine the effects of SA on the human brain.
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Acupuncture Modulates Disrupted Whole-Brain Network after Ischemic Stroke: Evidence Based on Graph Theory Analysis. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8838498. [PMID: 32922447 PMCID: PMC7453235 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8838498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke can lead to disruption of the whole-brain network in patients. Acupuncture can modulate the functional network on a large-scale level in healthy individuals. However, whether and how acupuncture can make a potential impact on the disrupted whole-brain network after ischemic stroke remains elusive. Methods 26 stroke patients with a right hemispheric subcortical infarct were recruited. We gathered the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from patients with stroke and healthy controls in the resting state and after acupuncture intervention, to investigate the instant alterations of the large-scale functional networks. The graph theory analysis was applied using the GRETNA and SPM12 software to construct the whole-brain network and yield the small-world parameters and network efficiency. Results Compared with the healthy subjects, the stroke patients had a decreased normalized small-worldness (σ), global efficiency (E g), and the mean local efficiency (E loc) of the whole-brain network in the resting state. There was a correlation between the duration after stroke onset and E loc. Acupuncture improved the patients' clustering coefficient (C p) and E loc but did not make a significant impact on the σ and E g. The postacupuncture variables of the whole-brain network had no association with the time of onset. Conclusion The poststroke whole-brain network tended to a random network with reduced network efficiency. Acupuncture was able to modulate the disrupted patterns of the whole-brain network following the subcortical ischemic stroke. Our findings shed light on the potential mechanisms of the functional reorganization on poststroke brain networks involving acupuncture intervention from a large-scale perspective.
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Qiu K, Yin T, Hong X, Sun R, He Z, Liu X, Ma P, Yang J, Lan L, Li Z, Tang C, Cheng S, Liang F, Zeng F. Does the Acupoint Specificity Exist? Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging Studies. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 16:629-638. [PMID: 32723234 DOI: 10.2174/1573405615666190220113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using functional neuroimaging techniques to explore the central mechanism of acupoint specificity, the key of acupuncture theory and clinical practice, has attracted increasing attention worldwide. This review aimed to investigate the current status of functional neuroimaging studies on acupoint specificity and explore the potential influencing factors for the expression of acupoint specificity in neuroimaging studies. METHODS PubMed database was searched from January 1st, 1995 to December 31st, 2016 with the language restriction in English. Data including basic information, methodology and study results were extracted and analyzed from the eligible records. RESULTS Seventy-nine studies were finally enrolled. 65.8% of studies were performed in China, 73.4% of studies were conducted with healthy subjects, 77.2% of studies chose manual acupuncture as the intervention, 86.1% of studies focused on the instant efficacy and 89.9% of studies used functional magnetic resonance imaging as scanning technique. The average sample size was 16 per group. The comparison of verum acupoints and sham acupoints were the main body of acupoint specificity researches. 93.7% of studies obtained the positive results and favored the existence of acupoint specificity. CONCLUSION This review affirmed the existence of acupoint specificity and deemed that the acupoint specificity was relative. Multiple factors such as participants, sample size, acupoint combinations, treatment courses, and types of acupoint could influence the expression of acupoint specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qiu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hong
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Ruirui Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Zhaoxuan He
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Peihong Ma
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Lei Lan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Zhengjie Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Chenjian Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Shirui Cheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
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Zhu H, Li Y, Yuan M, Ren Z, Yuan C, Meng Y, Wang J, Deng W, Qiu C, Huang X, Gong Q, Lui S, Zhang W. Increased functional segregation of brain network associated with symptomatology and sustained attention in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 247:183-191. [PMID: 30684892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional regional or voxel-based analyses only focus on specific brain regions or connectivity rather than the whole brain's functional organization. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we aimed to explore the altered topological metrics, clinical symptoms and cognitive function in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in order to identify the brain network mechanisms underlying these clinical and cognitive symptoms. METHODS Forty patients with unmedicated chronic PTSD and forty-two matched trauma-exposed healthy controls (TEHCs) underwent rs-fMRI, and the topological organization of the whole-brain network was calculated using graph theory. The Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) task and Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV) were used to evaluate the subjects' sustained attention and memory capacity. All clinical and cognitive measures and topological parameters of the PTSD patients and TEHCs were compared, and the relationships between altered network metrics and symptom severity were explored. RESULTS Compared with the TEHCs, the patients showed increases in the normalized clustering coefficient, small-worldness, normalized local efficiency and efficiency-based small-worldness. The left middle occipital gyrus showed increases in nodal global efficiency and nodal degree that were negatively correlated with the severity of PTSD symptoms. The altered connections in PTSD only involved the default mode network (DMN) and the occipital network. LIMITATIONS Comorbid conditions were included, and current cross-sectional study cannot conclude on causality. CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic PTSD showed increased functional brain network segregation, mainly in the occipital cortex, which could be a protective or compensatory mechanism to alleviate clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Zhu
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford 94305, CA, United States
| | - Yuchen Li
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengjia Ren
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cui Yuan
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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11
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Modulation of Spectral Power and Functional Connectivity in Human Brain by Acupuncture Stimulation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:977-986. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2828143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Liu L, Chen S, Zeng D, Li H, Shi C, Zhang L. Cerebral activation effects of acupuncture at Yanglinquan(GB34) point acquired using resting-state fMRI. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2018; 67:55-58. [PMID: 29800886 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the central mechanism of acupuncture points for regional homogeneity(ReHo) of resting state in brain function after acupuncture at GB34. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled, which included 4 males and 6 females, aged 20-34 years old with median age of 23. The GE Signa HDxt 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging were performed before (control group) and after acupuncture at GB34, and differences of different brain ReHo of 2 groups by statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) software and ReHo data processing methods were analyzed. The statistically different brain regions were obtained by false discovery rate corrected (FDR-Corrected). RESULTS Compared with control group, the anterior cingulated gyrus, left temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, right frontal gyrus were enhanced ReHo after acupuncture at GB34. The left thalamus, right insular cortex, left inferior frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate were decreased ReHo after acupuncture at GB34. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated that the signal synchronization change ReHo in different brain regions including cognitive, motor, default network, limbic system and other parts of encephalic region after acupuncture at GB34, suggesting that the central mechanism of acupuncture at GB34 is the result of all levels of the combined effects of brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Liu
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Daohui Zeng
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengguo Li
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Changzheng Shi
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong, China.
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13
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Li J, Guo H, Ge L, Cheng L, Wang J, Li H, Zhang K, Xiang J, Chen J, Zhang H, Xu Y. Mechanism of Cerebralcare Granule® for Improving Cognitive Function in Resting-State Brain Functional Networks of Sub-healthy Subjects. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:410. [PMID: 28769748 PMCID: PMC5509764 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebralcare Granule® (CG), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been used to ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by ischemia or mental disorders. The ability of CG to improve health status and cognitive function has drawn researchers' attention, but the relevant brain circuits that underlie the ameliorative effects of CG remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of CG in ameliorating cognitive function in sub-healthy subjects using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Thirty sub-healthy participants were instructed to take one 2.5-g package of CG three times a day for 3 months. Clinical cognitive functions were assessed with the Chinese Revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-RC) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and fMRI scans were performed at baseline and the end of intervention. Functional brain network data were analyzed by conventional network metrics (CNM) and frequent subgraph mining (FSM). Then 21 other sub-healthy participants were enrolled as a blank control group of cognitive functional. We found that administrating CG can improve the full scale of intelligence quotient (FIQ) and Memory Quotient (MQ) scores. At the same time, following CG treatment, in CG group, the topological properties of functional brain networks were altered in various frontal, temporal, occipital cortex regions, and several subcortical brain regions, including essential components of the executive attention network, the salience network, and the sensory-motor network. The nodes involved in the FSM results were largely consistent with the CNM findings, and the changes in nodal metrics correlated with improved cognitive function. These findings indicate that CG can improve sub-healthy subjects' cognitive function through altering brain functional networks. These results provide a foundation for future studies of the potential physiological mechanism of CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan, China
| | - Ling Ge
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China.,Department of Medical Psychology, Shanxi Medical College for Continuing EducationTaiyuan, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China.,MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
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14
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Harris RE, Ichesco E, Cummiford C, Hampson JP, Chenevert TL, Basu N, Zick SM. Brain Connectivity Patterns Dissociate Action of Specific Acupressure Treatments in Fatigued Breast Cancer Survivors. Front Neurol 2017; 8:298. [PMID: 28690587 PMCID: PMC5481304 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent fatigue is a pernicious symptom in many cancer survivors. Existing treatments are limited or ineffective and often lack any underlying biologic rationale. Acupressure is emerging as a promising new intervention for persistent cancer-related fatigue; however, the underlying mechanisms of action are unknown. Our previous investigations suggested that fatigued breast cancer survivors have alterations in brain neurochemistry within the posterior insula and disturbed functional connectivity to the default mode network (DMN), as compared to non-fatigued breast cancer survivors. Here, we investigated if insula and DMN connectivity were modulated by self-administered acupressure by randomizing breast cancer survivors (n = 19) to two distinct treatments: relaxing acupressure or stimulating acupressure. All participants underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the posterior insula and functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and immediately following 6 weeks of acupressure self-treatment. As compared to baseline measures, relaxing acupressure decreased posterior insula to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity, whereas stimulating acupressure enhanced this connectivity (p < 0.05 corrected). For relaxing but not stimulating acupressure, reduced connectivity was associated with sleep improvement. In addition, connectivity of the DMN to the superior colliculus was increased with relaxing acupressure and decreased with stimulating acupressure, whereas DMN connectivity to the bilateral pulvinar was increased with stimulating and decreased with relaxing acupressure (p < 0.05 corrected). These data suggest that self-administered acupressure at different acupoints has specificity in relation to their mechanisms of action in fatigued breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Harris
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eric Ichesco
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chelsea Cummiford
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Johnson P Hampson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thomas L Chenevert
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Neil Basu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanna M Zick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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15
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Functional Connectivity Modulation by Acupuncture in Patients with Bell's Palsy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5928758. [PMID: 27293461 PMCID: PMC4880700 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5928758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bell's palsy (BP), an acute unilateral facial paralysis, is frequently treated with acupuncture in many countries. However, the mechanism of treatment is not clear so far. In order to explore the potential mechanism, 22 healthy volunteers and 17 BP patients with different clinical duration were recruited. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were conducted before and after acupuncture at LI4 (Hegu), respectively. By comparing BP-induced functional connectivity (FC) changes with acupuncture-induced FC changes in the patients, the abnormal increased FC that could be reduced by acupuncture was selected. The FC strength of the selected FC at various stages was analyzed subsequently. Our results show that FC modulation of acupuncture is specific and consistent with the tendency of recovery. Therefore, we propose that FC modulation by acupuncture may be beneficial to recovery from the disease.
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16
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The Status of the Quality Control in Acupuncture-Neuroimaging Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3685785. [PMID: 27242911 PMCID: PMC4875991 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3685785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using neuroimaging techniques to explore the central mechanism of acupuncture gains increasing attention, but the quality control of acupuncture-neuroimaging study remains to be improved. We searched the PubMed Database during 1995 to 2014. The original English articles with neuroimaging scan performed on human beings were included. The data involved quality control including the author, sample size, characteristics of the participant, neuroimaging technology, and acupuncture intervention were extracted and analyzed. The rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria are important guaranty for the participants' homogeneity. The standard operation process of acupuncture and the stricter requirement for acupuncturist play significant role in quality control. More attention should be paid to the quality control in future studies to improve the reproducibility and reliability of the acupuncture-neuroimaging studies.
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17
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Liu L, Wu Y, Zheng J, Lai X, Zeng D, Li H, Shi C, Yang M, Liang C. Cerebral activation effects of acupuncture using Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34) points based on Regional Homogeneity indices: A resting-state fMRI study. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 24:297-308. [PMID: 27002910 DOI: 10.3233/xst-160557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to observe the cerebral activation effects of acupuncturing the Zusanli (ST36) plusYanglingquan (GB34) points in young healthy volunteers based on Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) indices. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled, including 4 males and 6 females between the ages 20 and 34 years with a median age of 23 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (GE Signa HDxt 3.0T) was performed in four groups: Before acupuncture (Control Group), after acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36 Group), after acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB34 Group) and after acupuncture at both Zusanli and Yanglingquan (Compatibility Group). Differences in the brain ReHo indices of the 4 groups were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) and ReHo data processing methods. The significantly different brain regions were obtained using a false discovery rate correction (FDR-Corrected). RESULTS The ReHo indices revealed that the main significant effect was in the Compatibility Group. Compared with the resting state of the Control Group, the ReHo values of the Compatibility Group increased in the right middle frontal gyrus (BA8, 9), left superior temporal areas (BA22), ventral anterior cingulate area (BA24) and right inferior parietal lobe (BA40); in contrast, the ReHo values decreased in the left thalamus, right insular cortex (BA13), left inferior frontal lobe (BA9) and right dorsal anterior cingulate area (BA32). Our analysis showed that the Compatibility Group had higher ReHo values than the left inferior parietal lobule (BA40) and right frontal cortex (BA6) of the ST36 Group and the posterior lobe of the right cerebellum, dorsal anterior cingulate (BA32), left and right middle frontal gyrus (BA46, BA9), left precuneus (BA7), right inferior parietal love (BA40) of the GB34 Group. CONCLUSION The results of our neuroimaging study suggest that the combination of acupoints could more widely activate areas of the brain compared to a single acupoint. Additionally, the combination of acupoints can activate some new brain areas and generate new curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Liu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuefeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College of Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College of Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinsheng Lai
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College of Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangdong, China
| | - Daohui Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengguo Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Changzheng Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Minjie Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhong Liang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Chen X, Spaeth RB, Freeman SG, Scarborough DM, Hashmi JA, Wey HY, Egorova N, Vangel M, Mao J, Wasan AD, Edwards RR, Gollub RL, Kong J. The modulation effect of longitudinal acupuncture on resting state functional connectivity in knee osteoarthritis patients. Mol Pain 2015; 11:67. [PMID: 26511911 PMCID: PMC4625557 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in brain imaging have contributed to our understanding of the neural activity associated with acupuncture treatment. In this study, we investigated functional connectivity across longitudinal acupuncture treatments in older patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Over a period of 4 weeks (six treatments), we collected resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans from 30 patients before and after their first, third and sixth treatments. Clinical outcome showed a significantly greater pain subscore on the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) (indicative of improvement) with verum acupuncture than with sham acupuncture. Independent component analysis (ICA) of the resting state fMRI data showed that the right frontoparietal network (rFPN) and the executive control network (ECN) showed enhanced functional connectivity (FC) with the rostral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex, a key region in the descending pain modulatory system, in the verum groups as compared to the sham group after treatments. We also found that the rFPN connectivity with the left insula is (1) significantly associated with changes in KOOS pain score after treatments, and (2) significantly enhanced after verum acupuncture treatments as compared to sham treatment. Analysis of the acupuncture needle stimulation scan showed that compared with sham treatment, verum acupuncture activated the left operculum/insula, which also overlaps with findings observed in resting state analysis. Our results suggest that acupuncture may achieve its therapeutic effect on knee OA pain by modulating functional connectivity between the rFPN, ECN and the descending pain modulatory pathway. Clinical trial number: NCT01079390
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Rosa B Spaeth
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Sonya G Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Donna Moxley Scarborough
- Mass General Orthopaedics Sports Performance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Foxborough, MA, USA.
| | - Javeria A Hashmi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Natalia Egorova
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Mark Vangel
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 120, 2nd Ave. Suite 101, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Jianren Mao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Ajay D Wasan
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Randy L Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA. .,MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 120, 2nd Ave. Suite 101, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA. .,MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 120, 2nd Ave. Suite 101, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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19
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Scheffold BE, Hsieh CL, Litscher G. Neuroimaging and Neuromonitoring Effects of Electro and Manual Acupuncture on the Central Nervous System: A Literature Review and Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:641742. [PMID: 26339269 PMCID: PMC4538975 DOI: 10.1155/2015/641742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the different effects of manual and electroacupuncture on the central nervous system in studies with different neuroimaging interventions. The Database PubMed was searched from 1/1/2000 to 1/6/2014 with restriction to human studies in English language. Data collection for functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) studies was restricted to the period from 1/1/2010 to 1/6/2014 due to a recently published review which included all published randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical studies as well as observational studies with control groups, no blinding required. Only studies comparing manual or electroacupuncture with sham acupuncture were eligible. All participants were healthy adult men and women. A majority of 25 studies compared manual versus sham, a minority of 7 trials compared electro versus sham and only 1 study compared electro versus manual acupuncture. In 29 out of 33 studies verum acupuncture results were found to present either more or different modulation effects on neurological components measured by neuroimaging and neuromonitoring methods than sham acupuncture. Only four studies reported no effects of verum in comparison to sham acupuncture. Evaluation of the very heterogeneous results shows evidence that verum acupuncture elicits more modulation effects on neurological components than sham acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Elisabeth Scheffold
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, International Master Program, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, and TCM Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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20
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Li F, He T, Xu Q, Lin LT, Li H, Liu Y, Shi GX, Liu CZ. What is the Acupoint? A preliminary review of Acupoints. PAIN MEDICINE 2015; 16:1905-15. [PMID: 25975413 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, acupoints are specifically chosen sites of acupuncture manipulation, and also the basis for studying the mechanism of acupuncture. Stimulating different acupoints on the body surface could provide various therapeutic benefits. However, what is the acupoint? This question is not clear. REVIEW SUMMARY We focuse on examining the function of acupoints from different perspectives, including the local and the systemic effects of stimulating acupoints. For example, acupoints may release certain substances or incur some changes, which could adjust the function of organs, maintain homeostasis. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of verum acupoints versus sham acupoints were discussed. However, due to insufficience in evidence and in current methodologies, research into mechanisms of acupuncture is still incomplete. CONCLUSION This review might explain, to some extent, what an acupoint is. Further research into the identity of acupoints is warranted, and multidisciplinary methods using novel technologies may yield significant advances over existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.,Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Tian He
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Li-Ting Lin
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.,Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hui Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.,Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.,Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
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21
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Zhang SQ, Wang YJ, Zhang JP, Chen JQ, Wu CX, Li ZP, Chen JR, Ouyang HL, Huang Y, Tang CZ. Brain activation and inhibition after acupuncture at Taichong and Taixi: resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:292-7. [PMID: 25883630 PMCID: PMC4392679 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.152385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture can induce changes in the brain. However, the majority of studies to date have focused on a single acupoint at a time. In the present study, we observed activity changes in the brains of healthy volunteers before and after acupuncture at Taichong (LR3) and Taixi (KI3) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain 15 minutes before acupuncture, then received acupuncture at Taichong and Taixi using the nail-pressing needle insertion method, after which the needle was retained in place for 30 minutes. Fifteen minutes after withdrawal of the needle, the volunteers underwent a further session of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed that the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, a measure of spontaneous neuronal activity, increased mainly in the cerebral occipital lobe and middle occipital gyrus (Brodmann area 18/19), inferior occipital gyrus (Brodmann area 18) and cuneus (Brodmann area 18), but decreased mainly in the gyrus rectus of the frontal lobe (Brodmann area 11), inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 44) and the center of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum. The present findings indicate that acupuncture at Taichong and Taixi specifically promote blood flow and activation in the brain areas related to vision, emotion and cognition, and inhibit brain areas related to emotion, attention, phonological and semantic processing, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Jie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ji-Ping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Qi Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- First Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- First Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huai-Liang Ouyang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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He T, Zhu W, Du SQ, Yang JW, Li F, Yang BF, Shi GX, Liu CZ. Neural mechanisms of acupuncture as revealed by fMRI studies. Auton Neurosci 2015; 190:1-9. [PMID: 25900479 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As an ancient therapeutic method, acupuncture has been used to treat many diseases as an adjunctive therapy. However, its clinical efficacy remains controversial and the neural mechanisms have not been well understood. Accumulating studies have revealed that fMRI has made it possible to study brain responses to acupuncture. This review aims to provide scientific evidence to support the notion and discuss how these findings contribute to the neural mechanisms of acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian He
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Si-Qi Du
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Fang Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Bo-Feng Yang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China.
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23
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Sonis AMD. Acupuncture in the Multimodal Biopsychosocial Pain Management. <br>Towards a New Model in Clinical Practice. Health (London) 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2015.77104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Acupuncture modulates cortical thickness and functional connectivity in knee osteoarthritis patients. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6482. [PMID: 25258037 PMCID: PMC4175730 DOI: 10.1038/srep06482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated cortical thickness and functional connectivity across longitudinal acupuncture treatments in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Over a period of four weeks (six treatments), we collected resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans from 30 patients before their first, third and sixth treatments. Clinical outcome showed a significantly greater Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain score (improvement) with verum acupuncture compared to the sham acupuncture. Longitudinal cortical thickness analysis showed that the cortical thickness at left posterior medial prefrontal cortex (pMPFC) decreased significantly in the sham group across treatment sessions as compared with verum group. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis using the left pMPFC as a seed showed that after longitudinal treatments, the rsFC between the left pMPFC and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), medial frontal pole (mFP) and periaquiduct grey (PAG) are significantly greater in the verum acupuncture group as compared with the sham group. Our results suggest that acupuncture may achieve its therapeutic effect on knee OA pain by preventing cortical thinning and decreases in functional connectivity in major pain related areas, therefore modulating pain in the descending pain modulatory pathway.
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Yeo S, Choe IH, van den Noort M, Bosch P, Jahng GH, Rosen B, Kim SH, Lim S. Acupuncture on GB34 activates the precentral gyrus and prefrontal cortex in Parkinson's disease. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:336. [PMID: 25220656 PMCID: PMC4175221 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture is increasingly used as an additional treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, brain activation in response to acupuncture in a group of 12 patients with PD was compared with a group of 12 healthy participants. Acupuncture was conducted on a specific acupoint, the right GB 34 (Yanglingquan), which is a frequently used acupoint for motor function treatment in the oriental medical field. RESULTS Acupuncture stimulation on this acupoint activates the prefrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, and putamen in patients with PD; areas that are known to be impaired in patients with PD. Compared with healthy participants, patients with PD showed significantly higher brain activity in the prefrontal cortex and precentral gyrus, especially visible in the left hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS The neuroimaging results of our study suggest that in future acupuncture research; the prefrontal cortex as well as the precentral gyrus should be treated for symptoms of Parkinson's disease and that GB 34 seems to be a suitable acupoint. Moreover, acupuncture evoked different brain activations in patients with Parkinson's disease than in healthy participants in our study, stressing the importance of conducting acupuncture studies on both healthy participants as well as patients within the same study, in order to detect acupuncture efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION KCT0001122 at cris.nih.go.kr (registration date: 20140530).
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Li C, Yang J, Park K, Wu H, Hu S, Zhang W, Bu J, Xu C, Qiu B, Zhang X. Prolonged repeated acupuncture stimulation induces habituation effects in pain-related brain areas: an FMRI study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97502. [PMID: 24821143 PMCID: PMC4018444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most previous studies of brain responses to acupuncture were designed to investigate the acupuncture instant effect while the cumulative effect that should be more important in clinical practice has seldom been discussed. In this study, the neural basis of the acupuncture cumulative effect was analyzed. For this experiment, forty healthy volunteers were recruited, in which more than 40 minutes of repeated acupuncture stimulation was implemented at acupoint Zhusanli (ST36). Three runs of acupuncture fMRI datasets were acquired, with each run consisting of two blocks of acupuncture stimulation. Besides general linear model (GLM) analysis, the cumulative effects of acupuncture were analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to find the association between the brain response and the cumulative duration of acupuncture stimulation in each stimulation block. The experimental results showed that the brain response in the initial stage was the strongest although the brain response to acupuncture was time-variant. In particular, the brain areas that were activated in the first block and the brain areas that demonstrated cumulative effects in the course of repeated acupuncture stimulation overlapped in the pain-related areas, including the bilateral middle cingulate cortex, the bilateral paracentral lobule, the SII, and the right thalamus. Furthermore, the cumulative effects demonstrated bimodal characteristics, i.e. the brain response was positive at the beginning, and became negative at the end. It was suggested that the cumulative effect of repeated acupuncture stimulation was consistent with the characteristic of habituation effects. This finding may explain the neurophysiologic mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu Li
- Laboratory of Digital Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kyungmo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongli Wu
- College of Medical Information engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Digital Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junjie Bu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function & Disease and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- Laboratory of Digital Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function & Disease and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Connectomics: a new direction in research to understand the mechanism of acupuncture. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:568429. [PMID: 24523823 PMCID: PMC3910072 DOI: 10.1155/2014/568429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been used to treat various disorders in China and some other eastern countries for thousands of years. Nowadays, acupuncture is gradually accepted as an alternative and complementary method in western countries for its undeniable therapeutic effects. However, its central mechanism is still unclear. It is especially difficult to reveal how different regions in the brain influence one another and how the relationship is among these regions responding to acupuncture treatment. Recently, by applying neuroimaging techniques and network theory, acupuncture studies can make further efforts to investigate the influence of acupuncture on regional cerebral functional connectivity (FC) and the modulation on “acupuncture-related” networks. Connectomics appears to be a new direction in research to further understand the central mechanism underlying acupuncture. In this paper, an overview of connectomics application in acupuncture research will be discussed, with special emphasis on present findings of acupuncture and its influence on cerebral FC. Firstly, the connectomics concept and its significance on acupuncture will be outlined. Secondly, the commonly used brain imaging techniques will be briefly introduced. Thirdly, the influence of acupuncture on FC will be discussed in greater detail. Finally, the possible direction in forthcoming research will be reviewed by analyzing the limitation of present studies.
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Manipulation of and sustained effects on the human brain induced by different modalities of acupuncture: an fMRI study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66815. [PMID: 23840533 PMCID: PMC3696086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The javascript:void(0)manipulation and sustained effects of acupuncture have been investigated in multiple studies, but several findings are inconsistent with one another. One possible explanation for these discrepancies is that different modalities of acupuncture were utilized in these studies. In the present study, we investigated both the manipulation and sustained effects of acupuncture in different modalities, including manual acupuncture (MA), electroacupuncture (EA) and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS). MA, EA, TEAS and sensory control stimulation were applied to 18 healthy subjects, and combined block-designed and resting-state fMRI scans were performed. In analyzing these data, the block-designed datasets were used to assess the manipulation effect by employing a modified general linear model. The data from the resting states, before and after stimulation, were used to explore the brain networks involved in the sustained effect. The results showed that the two 1-min stimulation periods produced similar activation patterns in the sensory control with positive activation in the sensorimotor areas and negative activation in the default mode areas. Although similar patterns could be detected in the first stimulation period in MA, EA and TEAS, no positive activation result was observed in the second stimulation period, and EA showed a more extensive deactivation compared to MA and TEAS. Additionally, all three of the modalities of acupuncture stimulation could increase the instinct brain network in rest. A more secure and spatially extended connectivity of the default mode network was observed following MA and EA, and TEAS specifically increased the functional connectivity in the sensorimotor network. The present study suggested that different brain mechanisms might be recruited in different acupuncture modalities. In addition, the findings from our work could provide methodological information for further research into the mechanism of acupuncture.
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You Y, Bai L, Dai R, Cheng H, Liu Z, Wei W, Tian J. Altered hub configurations within default mode network following acupuncture at ST36: a multimodal investigation combining fMRI and MEG. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64509. [PMID: 23691237 PMCID: PMC3656906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture, an externally somatosensory stimulation in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been proposed about its modulations on the brain's default mode network (DMN). However, it is still unknown on how the internal brain resting networks are modulated and what inferences can be made about the physiological processes underlying these changes. Combining high spatial resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with high temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG), in the current multimodal study, we sought to explore spatiotemporally whether or not band-specific DMN hub configurations would be induced by verum acupuncture, compared with sham control. Spatial independent component analysis was applied to fMRI data, followed by the discrete regional sources seeded into MEG data. Partial correlation analysis was further adopted to estimate the intrinsic functional connectivity and network hub configurations. One of the most striking findings is that the posterior cingulate cortex is not only validated as a robust DMN hub, but served as a hub only within the delta and gamma bands following the verum acupuncture, compared with its consistently being a DMN hub in sham control group. Our preliminary results may provide a new perspective to lend support for the specificity of neural mechanism underlying acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbo You
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JT); (LB)
| | - Ruwei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Life Science Research Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JT); (LB)
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Lee SH, Jahng GH, Choe IH, Choi CB, Kim DH, Kim HY. Neural pathway interference by retained acupuncture: a functional MRI study of a dog model of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:585-95. [PMID: 23578167 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the interference of the brain activation during a passive movement task (PMT) by retained acupuncture at the ST 36 acupoint and to compare these effects between normal brain and Parkinson's disease (PD) brain. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques have been used to study neurophysiology in animals. Eight healthy beagle dogs were divided into two groups of four dogs each, a normal control group and a PD model group. PD was induced by intravenous injection of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-HCl. During fMRI, the PMT was performed in the right tarsal joint during three different sessions, which consisted of PMT only, PMT while an acupuncture needle was inserted at the ST 36 acupoint, and PMT while needle was inserted at a sham point. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Standard veterinary neurological examination was performed on dogs with MPTP-induced PD. A homogeneous grade similar to human PD patients was evident in all dogs. The fMRI study showed that insertion of the acupuncture needle at acupoint ST 36 significantly affected the proprioceptive brain activation by decreasing blood oxygenation level-dependent signal intensity in basal ganglia, limbic system, and cerebellum. Compared with normal and PD brain, we suggest that acupuncture at ST 36 has different modulation effects depending on the pathologic condition of the brain. The study provides evidence of the potential clinical applications of retained acupuncture at ST 36 for rehabilitation therapy of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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