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Ferguson R, Aughton K, Evans A, Shaw V, Armstrong J, Ware A, Bennett L, Costello E, Greenhalf W. Mutant K-Ras in Pancreatic Cancer: An Insight on the Role of Wild-Type N-Ras and K-Ras-Dependent Cell Cycle Regulation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2505-2520. [PMID: 36975534 PMCID: PMC10047412 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of K-Ras independence may explain the failure of targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer (PC). In this paper, active N as well as K-Ras was shown in all human cell lines tested. In a cell line dependent on mutant K-Ras, it was shown that depleting K-Ras reduced total Ras activity, while cell lines described as independent had no significant decline in total Ras activity. The knockdown of N-Ras showed it had an important role in controlling the relative level of oxidative metabolism, but only K-Ras depletion caused a decrease in G2 cyclins. Proteasome inhibition reversed this, and other targets of APC/c were also decreased by K-Ras depletion. K-Ras depletion did not cause an increase in ubiquitinated G2 cyclins but instead caused exit from the G2 phase to slow relative to completion of the S-phase, suggesting that the mutant K-Ras may inhibit APC/c prior to anaphase and stabilise G2 cyclins independently of this. We propose that, during tumorigenesis, cancer cells expressing wild-type N-Ras protein are selected because the protein protects cancer cells from the deleterious effects of the cell cycle-independent induction of cyclins by mutant K-Ras. Mutation independence results when N-Ras activity becomes adequate to drive cell division, even in cells where K-Ras is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ferguson
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Karen Aughton
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Anthony Evans
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Victoria Shaw
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Jane Armstrong
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Adam Ware
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Laura Bennett
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
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2
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Xiao H, Li X, Li B, Zhong Y, Qin J, Wang Y, Han S, Ren J, Shuai X. Sono-promoted drug penetration and extracellular matrix modulation potentiate sonodynamic therapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:265-274. [PMID: 36893956 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits difficult penetration of most drugs, leading to a very poor therapeutic outcome with a quite low five-year survival rate. The foremost reason is the highly-dense extracellular matrix (ECM) with abundant collagen and fibronectin secreted by the activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Here, we constructed a sono-responsive polymeric perfluorohexane (PFH) nanodroplet to elicit a deep drug penetration in PDAC via the combination of exogenous ultrasonic (US) exposure and endogenous ECM modulation for potent sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of PDAC. Under US exposure, the rapid drug release and deep penetration in PDAC tissues were realized. The released and well penetrated all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as an inhibitor of activated PSCs successfully reduced the secretion of ECM components to form a non-dense matrix conducive to drug diffusion. Meanwhile, the sonosensitizer, manganese porphyrin (MnPpIX), was triggered to produce robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) to exert the SDT effect under US exposure. Furthermore, oxygen (O2) delivered by PFH nanodroplets alleviated tumor hypoxia and enhanced the eradication of cancer cells. Overall, the sono-responsive polymeric PFH nanodroplets were successfully developed as an efficient strategy for PDAC therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a representative refractory cancer with a highly dense extracellular matrix (ECM), making it difficult for most drugs to penetrate the nearly impenetrable desmoplastic stroma. Seeking methods for deep drug penetration is an extremely pressing matter for the treatment of PDAC and many other solid tumors. Herein, we designed a fluoroalkane-modified polymer to prepare a sono-responsive polymeric perfluorohexane (PFH) nanodroplet for loading sonosensitizers, and inhibitors of activated PSCs and O2. Under ultrasonic exposure, the nanodroplet elicited deep drug penetration in PDAC via ultrasonic disturbance and stromal remodeling, inducing potent sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of PDAC. By combining exogenous ultrasonic exposure and endogenous ECM modulation, this work successfully alleviated the severe physiological barrier of PDAC and achieved a favourable treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Nanomedicine Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Bo Li
- Nanomedicine Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yin Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jingya Qin
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shisong Han
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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microRNAs Associated with Gemcitabine Resistance via EMT, TME, and Drug Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041230. [PMID: 36831572 PMCID: PMC9953943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, pancreatic cancer remains a lethal disease with an extremely poor prognosis. The difficulty in early detection and chemoresistance to therapeutic agents are major clinical concerns. To improve prognosis, novel biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies for chemoresistance are urgently needed. microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the development, progression, and metastasis of several cancers. During the last few decades, the association between pancreatic cancer and miRNAs has been extensively elucidated, with several miRNAs found to be correlated with patient prognosis. Moreover, recent evidence has revealed that miRNAs are intimately involved in gemcitabine sensitivity and resistance through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the tumor microenvironment, and drug metabolism. Gemcitabine is the gold standard drug for pancreatic cancer treatment, but gemcitabine resistance develops easily after chemotherapy initiation. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the gemcitabine resistance mechanisms associated with aberrantly expressed miRNAs in pancreatic cancer, especially focusing on the mechanisms associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the tumor microenvironment, and metabolism. This novel evidence of gemcitabine resistance will drive further research to elucidate the mechanisms of chemoresistance and improve patient outcomes.
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Ren T, Xue X, Wang X, Zhou X, Dang S. Bioinformatic and experimental analyses of key biomarkers in pancreatic cancer. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1359. [PMID: 34659505 PMCID: PMC8515505 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen the key genes in pancreatic cancer and to explore the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. A total of three expression profiling datasets (GSE28735, GSE16515 and GSE15471) associated with pancreatic cancer were retrieved from the public gene chip database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by GEO2R and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and signaling pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, a protein interaction network was constructed. The GEPIA online database was used to screen for genes that affect the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Finally, cell functional experiments were performed on the selected key genes. A total of 72 DEGs were identified, including 52 upregulated and 20 downregulated genes. Enrichment analysis revealed roles of the DEGs in endodermal cell differentiation, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In total, 10 key nodal genes were identified, including integrin subunit α 2 (ITGA2), ITGB6 and collagen α 1 chain 1. Through survival analysis, two genes with an impact on the prognosis of pancreatic cancer were identified, namely ITGA2 and ITGB6. Silencing of ITGB6 in a pancreatic cancer cell line significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. The identified key genes and signaling pathways may help to deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic cancer and provide a theoretical basis to develop novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Pucheng Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi 715500, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pucheng Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi 715500, P.R. China
| | - Xingtong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Shengchun Dang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Pucheng Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi 715500, P.R. China
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Qu J, Zheng B, Ohuchida K, Feng H, Chong SJF, Zhang X, Liang R, Liu Z, Shirahane K, Mizumoto K, Gong P, Nakamura M. PIK3CB is involved in metastasis through the regulation of cell adhesion to collagen I in pancreatic cancer. J Adv Res 2021; 33:127-140. [PMID: 34603784 PMCID: PMC8463925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is an aggressive malignancy, with a major mortality resulting from the rapid progression of metastasis. Unfortunately, no effective treatment strategy has been developed for PAAD metastasis to date. Thus, unraveling the mechanisms involved in PAAD metastatic phenotype may facilitate the treatment for PAAD patients. Objectives PIK3CB is an oncogene implicated in cancer development and progression but less is known about whether PIK3CB participates in PAAD metastasis. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the mechanism(s) of PIK3CB in PAAD metastasis. Methods In our study, we examined the PIK3CB expression pattern using bioinformatic analysis and clinical material derived from patients with PAAD. Subsequently, a series of biochemical experiments were conducted to investigate the role of PIK3CB as potential mechanism(s) underlying PAAD metastasis in vivo using nude mice and in vitro using cell lines. Results We observed that PIK3CB was involved in PAAD progression. Notably, we identified that PIK3CB was involved in PAAD metastasis. Downregulation of PIK3CB significantly reduced PAAD metastatic potential in vivo. Furthermore, a series of bioinformatic analyses showed that PIK3CB was involved in cell adhesion in PAAD. Notably, PIK3CB depletion inhibited invasion potential specifically via suppressing cell adhesion to collagen I in PAAD cells. Conclusion Collectively, our findings indicate that PIK3CB is involved in PAAD metastasis through cell-matrix adhesion. We proposed that PIK3CB is a potential therapeutic target for PAAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qu
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Biao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haimin Feng
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kengo Shirahane
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Cancer Center of Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Matsumoto S, Nakata K, Sagara A, Guan W, Ikenaga N, Ohuchida K, Nakamura M. Efficient pre-treatment for pancreatic cancer using chloroquine-loaded nanoparticles targeting pancreatic stellate cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:633. [PMID: 34267825 PMCID: PMC8258615 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a key role in desmoplastic stroma, which is a characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and they also enhance the malignancy of pancreatic cancer cells. Our previous study reported chloroquine's mitigating effects on PSC activation; however, the drug is known to induce adverse effects in clinical practice. The present study aimed to reduce chloroquine doses and develop a useful pre-treatment that targets PSCs using nanoparticles. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were used as carriers and loaded with indocyanine green (Nano-ICG) or chloroquine (Nano-CQ). Tumor accumulation of Nano-ICG was evaluated using an in vivo imaging system. The effects of chloroquine, Nano-CQ and/or chemotherapy drug gemcitabine were investigated in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Nano-ICG selectively accumulated in pancreatic tumors and persisted therein for over 7 days after administration. Additionally, Nano-ICG accumulated in the peritoneal metastasized regions, but not in the liver, kidney and normal pancreatic tissues. Nano-CQ reduced the density of activated PSCs at lower chloroquine doses and significantly restrained tumor progression in combination with gemcitabine. In conclusion, the PLGA nanosystem successfully delivered the drug to pancreatic tumors. Nano-CQ efficiently reduced PSC activation and may be a promising novel pre-treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokichi Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Sagara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Weiyu Guan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Zhang LP, Ren H, Du YX, Zheng XH, Zhang ZM, Wang CF. Combination of preoperative fibrinogen and D-dimer as a prognostic indicator in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients undergoing R0 resection. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:279-302. [PMID: 33796216 PMCID: PMC7993003 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i3.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with malignant tumors frequently exhibit hyperactivation of the coagulation system and secondary increased fibrinolytic activity. Fibrinogen and D-dimer are common indicators that are crucial in the coagulation/fibrinolysis system. Both indicators have been verified to have predictive value in the overall survival (OS) of many patients with solid malignancies.
AIM To explore the prognostic significance of fibrinogen combined with D-dimer in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients undergoing radical R0 resection.
METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 282 patients with PDAC undergoing radical R0 resection in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between January 2010 and December 2019. The surv_cutpoint function of R language was used to determine the optimal cutoff values of the preoperative fibrinogen concentration and preoperative D-dimer concentration. Enrolled patients were further divided into the any-high group (high preoperative fibrinogen concentration and/or high preoperative D-dimer concentration) and the low-low group (low preoperative fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations) according to the optimal cutoff values.
RESULTS The optimal cutoff values of the preoperative fibrinogen concentration and preoperative D-dimer concentration were 3.31 g/L and 0.53 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the preoperative fibrinogen concentration (HR: 1.603, 95%CI: 1.201-2.140, P = 0.001) and preoperative D-dimer concentration (HR: 1.355, 95%CI: 1.019-1.801, P = 0.036) exhibited obvious correlations with the OS of PDAC patients undergoing radical R0 resection. A prognostic analysis was further performed based on the subgroup results by using fibrinogen combined with D-dimer. The median OS duration of the low-low group (31.17 mo) was significantly longer than that of the any-high group (15.43 mo). Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the degree of differentiation (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (HR: 0.663, 95%CI: 0.497-0.883, P = 0.005), preoperative CA19-9 level (HR: 1.699, 95%CI: 1.258-2.293, P = 0.001), adjuvant therapy (HR: 1.582, 95%CI: 1.202-2.081, P = 0.001) and preoperative combined grouping (HR: 2.397, 95%CI: 1.723-3.335, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of OS in PDAC patients undergoing radical R0 resection.
CONCLUSION Preoperative fibrinogen combined with D-dimer plays a predictive role in OS, and low preoperative fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations can indicate prolonged OS in PDAC patients undergoing radical R0 resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hu Ren
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yong-Xing Du
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Hao Zheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zong-Ming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Cellular S values in spindle-shaped cells: a dosimetry study on more realistic cell geometries using Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. Ann Nucl Med 2020; 34:742-756. [PMID: 32632563 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cellular dosimetry plays a crucial role in radiobiology and evaluation of the relative merits of radiopharmaceuticals used for targeted radionuclide therapy. The present study aims to investigate the effects of various cell geometries on dosimetric characteristics of several Auger emitters distributed in different subcellular compartments using Monte Carlo simulation. METHODS The Geant4-DNA extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit was employed to calculate the mean absorbed dose per unit cumulated activity (S value) for different subcellular distributions of several Auger electron-emitting theranostic radionuclides including 99mTc, 111In, 123I, 125I, and 201Tl. The simulations were carried out in various single-cell models of liquid water including spherical, ellipsoidal, spherical spindle, and ellipsoidal spindle cell models. The latter two models which are generalized from the first two models were inspired by the morphologies of spindle-shaped (fusiform) cells, and were developed to provide more realistic modeling of this common geometry observed in many healthy and cancerous cells. RESULTS Evaluation of the S values calculated for the examined cell models reveals that the differences are small (less than 9%) for the cell ← cell, cell ← cell surface, and nucleus ← nucleus source-target combinations. However, moderate discrepancies are seen (up to 28%) when the nucleus is considered as the target, as well as the radioactivity is either internalized into the cytoplasm or bound to the cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present work suggest that the assumption of spherical cell geometry may provide reasonably accurate estimates of the cellular/nuclear dose for the considered Auger emitters, even for spindle-shaped cells. Of course, this approximation should be used with caution for the nucleus ← cytoplasm and nucleus ← cell surface configurations, since the S-value sensitivity to the cell geometry is somewhat significant in these cases.
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Yamazaki S, Su Y, Maruyama A, Makinoshima H, Suzuki J, Tsuboi M, Goto K, Ochiai A, Ishii G. Uptake of collagen type I via macropinocytosis cause mTOR activation and anti-cancer drug resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:191-198. [PMID: 32201076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Collagen type I (Col I) is one of the major extracellular matrix proteins in the cancer tissue. Previously, we have reported that Col I induces epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance by mTOR activation through Akt and ERK1/2 independent pathway. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Col I induced EGFR-TKI resistance. First, we demonstrated the uptake of fluorescently labeled Col I by EGFR-mutated lung cancer cell line PC-9 cells using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Metabolome analysis revealed that the metabolic profiles of PC-9 cells was influenced by Col I treatment. Uptake of Col I into PC-9 cells was not inhibited by MMP inhibitor, GM6001, and endocytosis inhibitors, Pitstop2 and Dyngo4a; however, macropinocytosis inhibitor EIPA prevented its uptake. Moreover, the combination of EIPA and EGFR-TKI abrogated Col I-induced EGFR-TKI resistance in PC-9 cells. Inhibition of Rac1, which is essential for micropinocytosis, also decreased the uptake of Col I in PC-9 cells and restored their sensitivity to EGFR-TKI. Thus, EGFR mutated lung cancer cells could develop EGFR-TKI resistance by Col I uptake by macropinocytosis route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yinghan Su
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ami Maruyama
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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Mathematical modelling of the role of Endo180 network in the development of metastatic bone disease in prostate cancer. Comput Biol Med 2020; 117:103619. [PMID: 32072971 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is a common complication of advanced cancer and recent research suggests that Endo180 expression is dysregulated through the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway during the invasion of tumour cells in the development of MBD. We here provide a model for the dysregulation of the Endo180 network to demonstrate its vital contribution to bone destruction as well as tumour cell growth. The model consisted of a set of ordinary differential equations and reconstructed variations in the bone cells, resultant bone volume, and biochemical factors involved in the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway over time. The model also investigated the underlying mechanism in which the change of TGFβ affects the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway and the resultant Endo180 expression in osteoblastic and tumour cells. The model links the appearance of tumour cells with the inhibition of TGFβ binding to its receptors on osteoblastic cells, to affect TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling and Endo180 expression. Temporal variation in bone cells, bone volume, and the biochemical factors involved in the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 pathway as demonstrated in the model simulations agree with published experimental data. The model can be refined based on further discoveries but allows the influence of Endo180 network dysregulation on bone remodelling in MBD to be established. This model could aid in the development of Endo180 targeted therapies for MBD in the future.
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The YAP1-NMU Axis Is Associated with Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Poor Outcome: Identification of a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101477. [PMID: 31575084 PMCID: PMC6826421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP)-1 is highly upregulated in pancreatic cancer and associated with tumor progression. However, little is known about the role of YAP1 and related genes in pancreatic cancer. Here, we identified target genes regulated by YAP1 and explored their role in pancreatic cancer progression and the related clinical implications. Analysis of different pancreatic cancer databases showed that Neuromedin U (NMU) expression was positively correlated with YAP1 expression in the tumor group. The Cancer Genome Atlas data indicated that high YAP1 and NMU expression levels were associated with poor mean and overall survival. YAP1 overexpression induced NMU expression and transcription and promoted cell motility in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo via upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas specific inhibition of NMU in cells stably expressing YAP1 had the opposite effect in vitro and in vivo. To define this functional association, we identified a transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) binding site in the NMU promoter and demonstrated that YAP1-TEAD binding upstream of the NMU gene regulated its transcription. These results indicate that the identified positive correlation between YAP1 and NMU is a potential novel drug target and biomarker in metastatic pancreatic cancer.
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12
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Iwahashi H, Kawashima Y, Masaki H. Interleukin-1 alpha derived from ultraviolet B-exposed keratinocytes is associated with a decrease of endocytic collagen receptor Endo180. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 36:34-41. [PMID: 31376337 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endo180 contributes to the remodeling of the collagen fibers that comprise the dermal matrix due to the internalization of extracellular collagen fragments. In the sun-exposed elder skin, an accumulation of collagen fragments was observed in the dermal matrix which was associated with a reduction in Endo180 in the dermal fibroblasts. This suggests that the loss of Endo180 results in the accumulation of collagen fragments in the surrounding fibroblasts and causes interference with dermal matrix remodeling via collagen fibers. The purpose of the study was to identify a mechanism by which ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure induces a loss of Endo 180 with a specific focus on the crosstalk between keratinocytes and fibroblasts. METHODS Endo180 from normal human dermal fibroblasts, which were cultured with a conditioned medium (CM) of UVB-exposed keratinocytes, was examined using mRNA expression, protein levels and collagen internalization by quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Although UVB irradiation to fibroblasts failed to reduce Endo180, the CM of UVB-exposed keratinocytes reduced Endo180 in the fibroblasts. Collagen internalization into the fibroblasts was decreased and was associated with a loss of Endo180. Among cytokines secreted from UVB-exposed keratinocytes, IL-1α solely reduced Endo180, and the reduction induced by the CM of UVB-exposed keratinocytes was abolished by the presence of IL-1RA. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a substance secreted from UVB-exposed keratinocytes regulates Endo180 expression and that IL-1α may play an important role in the maintenance of Endo180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Iwahashi
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kawashima
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Masaki
- Laboratory of photoaging Research, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Hwang HJ, Oh MS, Lee DW, Kuh HJ. Multiplex quantitative analysis of stroma-mediated cancer cell invasion, matrix remodeling, and drug response in a 3D co-culture model of pancreatic tumor spheroids and stellate cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:258. [PMID: 31200779 PMCID: PMC6567511 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a stroma-rich carcinoma, and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are a major component of this dense stroma. PSCs play significant roles in metastatic progression and chemoresistance through cross-talk with cancer cells. Preclinical in vitro tumor model of invasive phenotype should incorporate three-dimensional (3D) culture of cancer cells and PSCs in extracellular matrix (ECM) for clinical relevance and predictability. METHODS PANC-1 cells were cultured as tumor spheroids (TSs) using our previously developed minipillar chips, and co-cultured with PSCs, both embedded in collagen gels. Effects of PSC co-culture on ECM fiber network, invasive migration of cancer cells, and expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were examined. Conditioned media was also analyzed for secreted factors involved in cancer cell-PSC interactions. Inhibitory effect on cancer cell invasion was compared between gemcitabine and paclitaxel at an equitoxic concentration in PANC-1 TSs co-cultured with PSCs. RESULTS Co-culture condition was optimized for the growth of TSs, activation of PSCs, and their interaction. Increase in cancer cell invasion via ECM remodeling, invadopodia formation and EMT, as well as drug resistance was recapitulated in the TS-PSC co-culture, and appeared to be mediated by cancer cell-PSC interaction via multiple secreted factors, including IL-6, IL-8, IGF-1, EGF, TIMP-1, uPA, PAI-1, and TSP-1. Compared to gemcitabine, paclitaxel showed a greater anti-invasive activity, which was attributed to suppresion of invadopodia formation in cancer cells as well as to PSC-specific cytotoxicity abrogating its paracrine signaling. CONCLUSIONS Here, we established 3D co-culture of TSs of PANC-1 cells and PSCs using minipillar histochips as a novel tumoroid model of PDAC. Our results indicate usefulness of the present co-culture model and multiplex quantitative analysis method not only in studying the role of PSCs and their interactions with tumor cell towards metastatic progression, but also in the drug evaluation of stroma-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Hwang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Oh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Medical & Bio Device, #B-9, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-ku, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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Chakravarthy D, Muñoz AR, Su A, Hwang RF, Keppler BR, Chan DE, Halff G, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. Palmatine suppresses glutamine-mediated interaction between pancreatic cancer and stellate cells through simultaneous inhibition of survivin and COL1A1. Cancer Lett 2019; 419:103-115. [PMID: 29414301 PMCID: PMC5858579 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal interaction between pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and cancer cells (PCCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes tumor cell survival and progression to lethal, therapeutically resistant pancreatic cancer. The goal of this study was to test the ability of Palmatine (PMT) to disrupt this reciprocal interaction in vitro and examine the underlying mechanism of interaction. We show that PSCs secrete glutamine into the extracellular environment under nutrient deprivation. PMT suppresses glutamine-mediated changes in GLI signaling in PCCs resulting in the inhibition of growth and migration while inducing apoptosis by inhibition of survivin. PMT-mediated inhibition of (glioma-associated oncogene 1) GLI activity in stellate cells leads to suppression (collagen type 1 alpha 1) COL1A1 activation. Remarkably, PMT potentiated gemcitabine’s growth inhibitory activity in PSCs, PCCs and inherently gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. This is the first study that shows the ability of PMT to inhibit growth of PSCs and PCCs either alone or in combination with gemcitabine. These studies warrant additional investigations using preclinical models to develop PMT as an agent for clinical management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chakravarthy
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Amanda R Muñoz
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Angel Su
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian R Keppler
- Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | | | - Glenn Halff
- Department of Transplant Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Audie Murphy South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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15
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Lee JH, Kim SK, Khawar IA, Jeong SY, Chung S, Kuh HJ. Microfluidic co-culture of pancreatic tumor spheroids with stellate cells as a novel 3D model for investigation of stroma-mediated cell motility and drug resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:4. [PMID: 29329547 PMCID: PMC5767067 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), a major component of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, play roles in cancer progression as well as drug resistance. Culturing various cells in microfluidic (microchannel) devices has proven to be a useful in studying cellular interactions and drug sensitivity. Here we present a microchannel plate-based co-culture model that integrates tumor spheroids with PSCs in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrix to mimic the tumor microenvironment in vivo by recapitulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance. METHODS A 7-channel microchannel plate was prepared using poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via soft lithography. PANC-1, a human pancreatic cancer cell line, and PSCs, each within a designated channel of the microchannel plate, were cultured embedded in type I collagen. Expression of EMT-related markers and factors was analyzed using immunofluorescent staining or Proteome analysis. Changes in viability following exposure to gemcitabine and paclitaxel were measured using Live/Dead assay. RESULTS PANC-1 cells formed 3D tumor spheroids within 5 days and the number of spheroids increased when co-cultured with PSCs. Culture conditions were optimized for PANC-1 cells and PSCs, and their appropriate interaction was confirmed by reciprocal activation shown as increased cell motility. PSCs under co-culture showed an increased expression of α-SMA. Expression of EMT-related markers, such as vimentin and TGF-β, was higher in co-cultured PANC-1 spheroids compared to that in mono-cultured spheroids; as was the expression of many other EMT-related factors including TIMP1 and IL-8. Following gemcitabine exposure, no significant changes in survival were observed. When paclitaxel was combined with gemcitabine, a growth inhibitory advantage was prominent in tumor spheroids, which was accompanied by significant cytotoxicity in PSCs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that cancer cells grown as tumor spheroids in a 3D collagen matrix and PSCs co-cultured in sub-millimeter proximity participate in mutual interactions that induce EMT and drug resistance in a microchannel plate. Microfluidic co-culture of pancreatic tumor spheroids with PSCs may serve as a useful model for studying EMT and drug resistance in a clinically relevant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khawar
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-ku, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Koikawa K, Ohuchida K, Takesue S, Ando Y, Kibe S, Nakayama H, Endo S, Abe T, Okumura T, Horioka K, Sada M, Iwamoto C, Moriyama T, Nakata K, Miyasaka Y, Ohuchida R, Manabe T, Ohtsuka T, Nagai E, Mizumoto K, Hashizume M, Nakamura M. Pancreatic stellate cells reorganize matrix components and lead pancreatic cancer invasion via the function of Endo180. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:143-154. [PMID: 29061505 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Specific cell populations leading the local invasion of cancer are called "leading cells". However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we identified leading cells in pancreatic cancer and determined how these cells lead and promote cancer cell invasion in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Using three-dimensional matrix remodeling assay, we found that pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) frequently invaded the collagen matrix with pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs), which invaded behind the invading PSCs. In addition, invading PSCs changed the alignment of collagen fibers, resulting in ECM remodeling and an increase in the parallel fibers along the direction of invading PSCs. Endo180 expression was higher in PSCs than in PCCs, Endo180 knockdown in PSCs attenuated the invasive abilities of PSCs and co-cultured PCCs, and decreased the expression level of phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (MLC2). In mouse models, Endo180-knockdown PSCs suppressed tumor growth and changes in collagen fiber orientation in co-transplantation with PCCs. Our findings suggest that PSCs lead the local invasion of PCCs by physically remodeling the ECM, possibly via the function of Endo180, which reconstructs the actin cell skeleton by phosphorylation of MLC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Koikawa
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shin Takesue
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Ando
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Kibe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nakayama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sho Endo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiya Abe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Horioka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sada
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyasaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Riichi Ohuchida
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Manabe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eishi Nagai
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashizume
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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17
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Extracellular matrix endocytosis in controlling matrix turnover and beyond: emerging roles in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1347-1354. [PMID: 27911717 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of secreted proteins that, beyond providing support for tissues and organs, is involved in the regulation of a variety of cell functions, including cell proliferation, polarity, migration and oncogenic transformation. ECM homeostasis is maintained through a tightly controlled balance between synthesis, deposition and degradation. While the role of metalloproteases in ECM degradation is widely recognised, the contribution of ECM internalisation and intracellular degradation to ECM maintenance has been mostly overlooked. In this review, I will summarise what is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating ECM endocytosis and how this process impacts on diseases, such as fibrosis and cancer.
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18
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Uskoković V, Ghosh S, Wu VM. Antimicrobial Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin-Silica Composite Pastes with Tunable Setting Properties. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6065-6080. [PMID: 29104753 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01794d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone grafting is one of the commonest surgical procedures, yet all bone substitutes developed so far suffer from specific weaknesses and the search for a bone graft material with ideal physical and biological properties is still ongoing. Calcium phosphate pastes are the most frequently used synthetic bone grafts, yet they (a) often take an impractically long time to set, (b) release the drug content too fast, and (c) do not form pores large enough to accommodate host cells and foster osseointegration. To make up for these deficiencies, we introduced gelatin and silica to pastes composed of 5-15 nm sized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and yielded a bioresorbable composite that is compact, yet flowing upon injection; that prevents setting at room temperature, but sets promptly, in minutes, at 37 °C; that displays an increase in surface porosity following immersion in physiological fluids; that allows for sustained release of antibiotics; and that sets in a tunable manner and in clinically relevant time windows: 1-3 minutes at its fastest. Timelapse, in situ X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the setting process is accompanied by an increase in crystallinity of the initially amorphous hydroxyapatite, involving no polymorphic phase transitions in its course. Setting time can be tuned by controlling the weight content of gelatin or powder-to-liquid ratio. The release of vancomycin was slow, ~ 8 % after 2 weeks, and unaffected by the gelatin content. While vancomycin-loaded pastes were effective in reducing the concentration of all bacterial species analyzed, the bacteriostatic effects of the antibiotic-free pastes were pronounced against S. liquefaciens and E. coli. S. liquefaciens bacilli underwent beading and filamentation during the treatment, suggesting that the antimicrobial effects are attributable to cell wall disruption by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Vancomycin-loaded pastes augmented the activity of the antibiotic against P. aeruginosa and S. liquefaciens, while exhibiting no negative effects against human mesenchymal stem cells. They were also uptaken three times more abundantly than pure hydroxyapatite, indicating the theoretical favorability of their use for intracellular delivery of therapeutics. This selectivity, toxic for bacteria and harmless for primary stem cells, is promising for application as bone grafts for osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA
| | - Shreya Ghosh
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA
| | - Victoria M Wu
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA
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Collagen-derived proline promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell survival under nutrient limited conditions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16031. [PMID: 28685754 PMCID: PMC5504351 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue architecture contributes to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) phenotypes. Cancer cells within PDAC form gland-like structures embedded in a collagen-rich meshwork where nutrients and oxygen are scarce. Altered metabolism is needed for tumour cells to survive in this environment, but the metabolic modifications that allow PDAC cells to endure these conditions are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that collagen serves as a proline reservoir for PDAC cells to use as a nutrient source when other fuels are limited. We show PDAC cells are able to take up collagen fragments, which can promote PDAC cell survival under nutrient limited conditions, and that collagen-derived proline contributes to PDAC cell metabolism. Finally, we show that proline oxidase (PRODH1) is required for PDAC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results indicate that PDAC extracellular matrix represents a nutrient reservoir for tumour cells highlighting the metabolic flexibility of this cancer. Cancer cells adapt their metabolism to survive limited nutrient availability. Here, the authors show that in conditions of limited glucose or glutamine availability, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells can use collagen-derived proline to foster the TCA cycle and allow cell survival both in vitro and in vivo.
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20
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Liu H, Li L, Chen H, Kong R, Pan S, Hu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Sun B. Silencing IGFBP-2 decreases pancreatic cancer metastasis and enhances chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61674-61686. [PMID: 28977895 PMCID: PMC5617455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has remained one of the most devastating and lethal malignancies characterized by local invasion, distant metastasis and a high degree of chemoresistance. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is a member of the IGFBP family of proteins, and it is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer patients’ serum and tumor tissues. IGFBP-2 also mediates tumor cell growth, invasion and resistance, while the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the impact of IGFBP-2 expression on pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Wound healing, migration and invasion assays revealed that knockdown of IGFBP-2 inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion. Downregulation of IGFBP-2 attenuates EMT via increasing the E-cadherin and reducing the vimentin and N-cadherin. PTCH-1 is found contribute to the function of IGFBP-2 in suppressing metastasis and EMT of pancreatic cancer. Silencing IGFBP-2 inhibited invasion and metastatic properties, partially through inhibiting PTCH1 in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, inhibition of IGFBP-2 enhanced the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, suppressed tumor growth and potentiated the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine in the orthotopic tumor model. Our results provide novel insight of IGFBP-2 as a promising target to inhibit the metastasis and overcome the chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jisheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Guo Q. Changes in mitochondrial function during EMT induced by TGFβ-1 in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1575-1580. [PMID: 28454293 PMCID: PMC5403440 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to cancer. Differences in the number, morphology and function of mitochondria have been observed between normal cells and cancer cells. However, changes in mitochondrial function during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer are less known. In the present study, the cultured human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 was treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)β-1. Mitochondrial functions following TGFβ-1 exposure in pancreatic cancer were investigated. It was noticed that TGFβ-1 treatment induces morphologic changes and a shift from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, increased mitochondrial mass was detected in pancreatic cancer following TGFβ-1 treatment. Besides, the production of reactive oxygen species in TGFβ-1-treated pancreatic cancer cells significantly increased compared with the control cells. Our results indicate that the phenomenon of EMT in pancreatic cancer has an association with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be a cause of EMT in pancreatic cancer, which leads to heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer, and may be a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqu Guo
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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22
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Internalization of Collagen: An Important Matrix Turnover Pathway in Cancer. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN TUMOR BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60907-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Drifka CR, Loeffler AG, Mathewson K, Keikhosravi A, Eickhoff JC, Liu Y, Weber SM, Kao WJ, Eliceiri KW. Highly aligned stromal collagen is a negative prognostic factor following pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resection. Oncotarget 2016; 7:76197-76213. [PMID: 27776346 PMCID: PMC5342807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression after surgery are unclear, and additional prognostic factors are needed to inform treatment regimens and therapeutic targets. PDAC is characterized by advanced sclerosis of the extracellular matrix, and interactions between cancer cells, fibrillar collagen, and other stromal components play an integral role in progression. Changes in stromal collagen alignment have been shown to modulate cancer cell behavior and have important clinical value in other cancer types, but little is known about its role in PDAC and prognostic value. We hypothesized that the alignment of collagen is associated with PDAC patient survival. To address this, pathology-confirmed tissues from 114 PDAC patients that underwent curative-intent surgery were retrospectively imaged with Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, quantified with fiber segmentation algorithms, and correlated to patient survival. The same tissue regions were analyzed for epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT), α-SMA, and syndecan-1 using complimentary immunohistostaining and visualization techniques. Significant inter-tumoral variation in collagen alignment was found, and notably high collagen alignment was observed in 12% of the patient cohort. Stratification of patients according to collagen alignment revealed that high alignment is an independent negative factor following PDAC resection (p = 0.0153, multivariate). We also found that epithelial expression of EMT and the stromal expression of α-SMA and syndecan-1 were positively correlated with collagen alignment. In summary, stromal collagen alignment may provide additional, clinically-relevant information about PDAC tumors and underscores the importance of stroma-cancer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole R. Drifka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Agnes G. Loeffler
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kara Mathewson
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adib Keikhosravi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sharon M. Weber
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W. John Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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24
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Wang F, Ma L, Zhang Z, Liu X, Gao H, Zhuang Y, Yang P, Kornmann M, Tian X, Yang Y. Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer Stem-Like Cells. J Cancer 2016; 7:408-17. [PMID: 26918054 PMCID: PMC4749361 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is crucially involved in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to assess the role of Hh signaling in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness properties and chemoresistance of human pancreatic Panc-1 cancer stem cells (CSCs). Panc-1 cells were transfected with recombinant lentiviral vectors to silence SMO and serum-free floating-culture system was used to isolate Panc-1 tumorspheres. The expression of CSC and EMT markers was detected by flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Malignant behaviors of Panc-1 CSC were evaluated by tumorigenicity assays and nude mouse lung metastasis model. We found that tumorspheres derived from pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 possessed self-renewal, differentiation and stemness properties. Hh pathway and EMT were active in Panc-1 tumorspheres. Inhibition of Hh signaling by SMO knockdown inhibited self-renewal, EMT, invasion, chemoresistance, pulmonary metastasis, tumorigenesis of pancreatic CSCs. In conclusion, Hh signaling contributes to the maintenance of stem-like properties and chemoresistance of pancreatic CSC and promotes the tumorigenesis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Hh pathway is a potential molecular target for the development of therapeutic strategies for pancreatic CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ma
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- 4. Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hongqiao Gao
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Yang
- 2. Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Marko Kornmann
- 3. Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinmo Yang
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
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25
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Tumor-associated Endo180 requires stromal-derived LOX to promote metastatic prostate cancer cell migration on human ECM surfaces. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:151-65. [PMID: 26567111 PMCID: PMC4761374 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The diverse composition and structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) interfaces encountered by tumor cells at secondary tissue sites can influence metastatic progression. Extensive in vitro and in vivo data has confirmed that metastasizing tumor cells can adopt different migratory modes in response to their microenvironment. Here we present a model that uses human stromal cell-derived matrices to demonstrate that plasticity in tumor cell movement is controlled by the tumor-associated collagen receptor Endo180 (CD280, CLEC13E, KIAA0709, MRC2, TEM9, uPARAP) and the crosslinking of collagen fibers by stromal-derived lysyl oxidase (LOX). Human osteoblast-derived and fibroblast-derived ECM supported a rounded ‘amoeboid-like’ mode of cell migration and enhanced Endo180 expression in three prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, VCaP, DU145). Genetic silencing of Endo180 reverted PC3 cells from their rounded mode of migration towards a bipolar ‘mesenchymal-like’ mode of migration and blocked their translocation on human fibroblast-derived and osteoblast-derived matrices. The concomitant decrease in PC3 cell migration and increase in Endo180 expression induced by stromal LOX inhibition indicates that the Endo180-dependent rounded mode of prostate cancer cell migration requires ECM crosslinking. In conclusion, this study introduces a realistic in vitro model for the study of metastatic prostate cancer cell plasticity and pinpoints the cooperation between tumor-associated Endo180 and the stiff microenvironment imposed by stromal-derived LOX as a potential target for limiting metastatic progression in prostate cancer.
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26
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Melander MC, Jürgensen HJ, Madsen DH, Engelholm LH, Behrendt N. The collagen receptor uPARAP/Endo180 in tissue degradation and cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1177-88. [PMID: 26316068 PMCID: PMC4583827 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The collagen receptor uPARAP/Endo180, the product of the MRC2 gene, is a central component in the collagen turnover process governed by various mesenchymal cells. Through the endocytosis of collagen or large collagen fragments, this recycling receptor serves to direct basement membrane collagen as well as interstitial collagen to lysosomal degradation. This capacity, shared only with the mannose receptor from the same protein family, endows uPARAP/Endo180 with a critical role in development and homeostasis, as well as in pathological disruptions of the extracellular matrix structure. Important pathological functions of uPARAP/Endo180 have been identified in various cancers and in several fibrotic conditions. With a particular focus on matrix turnover in cancer, this review presents the necessary background for understanding the function of uPARAP/Endo180 at the molecular and cellular level, followed by an in-depth survey of the available knowledge of the expression and role of this receptor in various types of cancer and other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Melander
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, The University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik J Jürgensen
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel H Madsen
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lars H Engelholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, The University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Niels Behrendt
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, The University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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27
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Zheng B, Ohuchida K, Cui L, Zhao M, Shindo K, Fujiwara K, Manabe T, Torata N, Moriyama T, Miyasaka Y, Ohtsuka T, Takahata S, Mizumoto K, Oda Y, Tanaka M. TM4SF1 as a prognostic marker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is involved in migration and invasion of cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:490-8. [PMID: 26035794 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface protein Transmembrane 4 L6 family member 1 (TM4SF1) has been detected in various tumors, and its expression on tumor cells is implicated in cancer cell metastasis and patient prognosis. The role of TM4SF1 in malignant tumors remains poorly understood, particularly in pancreatic cancer. We performed immunohistochemical staining to analyze the expression of TM4SF1 in resected pancreatic tissues and investigated the correlation between TM4SF1 expression and prognosis. The function of TM4SF1 in the invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells was analyzed in vitro using an RNA interference technique. In pancreatic cancer tissues, TM4SF1 expression was detected in cancer cells, and patients with high tumor levels of TM4SF1 showed longer survival times than those with low TM4SF1 levels (P=0.0332). In vitro, reduced TM4SF1 expression enhanced the migration (P<0.05) and invasion (P<0.05) of pancreatic cancer cells partially via decreased E-cadherin expression. TM4SF1 protein levels were also reduced after TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).TM4SF1 expression is associated with better prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Loss of TM4SF1 contributes to the invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zheng
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lin Cui
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Fujiwara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Manabe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Torata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyasaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takahata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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28
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Suntravat M, Barret HS, Jurica CA, Lucena SE, Perez JC, Sánchez EE. Recombinant disintegrin (r-Cam-dis) from Crotalus adamanteus inhibits adhesion of human pancreatic cancer cell lines to laminin-1 and vitronectin. JOURNAL OF VENOM RESEARCH 2015; 6:1-10. [PMID: 26045944 PMCID: PMC4440708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant cancer common worldwide having poor prognosis, even when diagnosed at its early stage. Cell adhesion plays a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Integrins are major mediators of cell adhesion and play an important role in invasion and metastatic growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. Snake disintegrins are the most potent ligands of several integrins and have potential therapeutic applications for cancers. We have previously cloned and expressed a new recombinant RGD-disintegrin from Crotalus adamanteus (r-Cam-dis). This recently published r-Cam-dis has an extra nine amino acids derived from the vector (SPGARGSEF) at the N-terminus end and has strong anti-platelet activity. However, this r-Cam-dis contains the contamination of the cleavage of the N-terminal end of the pET-43.1a cloning vector. In this study, we have cloned r-Cam-dis in a different cloning vector (pGEX-4T-1) showing five different amino acids (GSPEF) at the N-terminal part. This new r-Cam-dis was expressed and tested for inhibition of platelet aggregation, specific binding activity with seven different integrins, and inhibition of adhesion of three different pancreatic cancer cell lines on laminin-1 and vitronectin. The r-Cam-dis showed potent binding to αvβ3 integrin, but was moderate to weak with αvβ5, αvβ6, α2β1, and α6β1. Interestingly, the inhibition of r-Cam-dis on pancreatic cancer cell lines adhesion to laminin-1 was more effective than that to vitronectin. Based on our binding results to integrin receptors and previous adhesion studies using function-blocking monoclonal antibodies, it is suggested that r-Cam-dis could be inhibiting adhesion of pancreatic cancer cell lines through integrins α2β1, α6β1, αvβ5, and αvβ6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montamas Suntravat
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Henriquez S Barret
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Cameron A Jurica
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Sara E Lucena
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - John C Perez
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Elda E Sánchez
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA,βDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA,*Correspondence to: Elda Sánchez, , +1 361 5933796; +1 361 5933798
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29
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Yuan Y, Makita N, Cao D, Mihara K, Kadomatsu K, Takei Y. Atelocollagen-mediated intravenous siRNA delivery specific to tumor tissues orthotopically xenografted in prostates of nude mice and its anticancer effects. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 25:85-94. [PMID: 25692652 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful short interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapy for cancers depends on functional siRNA delivery specific to tumors. In our previous report, we have shown systemic siRNA delivery specific to human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 subcutaneous tumors in nude mice by atelocollagen, a collagen derivative, for formulating a complex with siRNA. We used an siRNA for human Bcl-xL as a model target. In the present study, we examined the antitumor effect on PC-3 orthotopic tumors in nude mice, as these tumors resemble the human clinical situation. The systemic intravenous administration of the complex (siRNA, 50 μg/shot) significantly reduced Bcl-xL expression and induced apoptosis in the tumors, and suppressed their growth. Liver metastasis was also inhibited in the orthotopic model. We successfully showed tumor-specific accumulation of the siRNA by Cy3-labeled siRNA and the direct quantification of the siRNA via reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The tumor-specific delivery was achieved by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, which is characteristic of macromolecular drugs. The high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the tumors provided adequate conditions to promote the permeability in the tumors, and to finally form the enhanced permeability and retention effect. In conclusion, our siRNA delivery is specific to the PC-3 orthotopic tumors in nude mice, and is practically feasible to treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- 1 Division of Disease Models, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
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30
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Gallud A, Warther D, Maynadier M, Sefta M, Poyer F, Thomas CD, Rouxel C, Mongin O, Blanchard-Desce M, Morère A, Raehm L, Maillard P, Durand JO, Garcia M, Gary-Bobo M. Identification of MRC2 and CD209 receptors as targets for photodynamic therapy of retinoblastoma using mesoporous silica nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14640b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An overexpression of MRC2 and CD209 mannose receptors was revealed in retinoblastoma and antibodies against these receptors were grafted to multifunctional nanoparticles for targeting of imaging and photodynamic therapy.
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31
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Freire J, Domínguez-Hormaetxe S, Pereda S, De Juan A, Vega A, Simón L, Gómez-Román J. Collagen, type XI, alpha 1: An accurate marker for differential diagnosis of breast carcinoma invasiveness in core needle biopsies. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:879-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Rodriguez-Teja M, Gronau JH, Minamidate A, Darby S, Gaughan L, Robson C, Mauri F, Waxman J, Sturge J. Survival Outcome and EMT Suppression Mediated by a Lectin Domain Interaction of Endo180 and CD147. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:538-47. [PMID: 25381222 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0344-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epithelial cell-cell contacts maintain normal glandular tissue homeostasis, and their breakage can trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a fundamental step in the development of metastatic cancer. Despite the ability of C-type lectin domains (CTLD) to modulate cell-cell adhesion, it is not known if they modulate epithelial adhesion in EMT and tumor progression. Here, the multi-CTLD mannose receptor, Endo180 (MRC2/uPARAP), was shown using the Kaplan-Meier analysis to be predictive of survival outcome in men with early prostate cancer. A proteomic screen of novel interaction partners with the fourth CTLD (CTLD4) in Endo180 revealed that its complex with CD147 is indispensable for the stability of three-dimensional acini formed by nontransformed prostate epithelial cells (PEC). Mechanistic study using knockdown of Endo180 or CD147, and treatment with an Endo180 mAb targeting CTLD4 (clone 39.10), or a dominant-negative GST-CTLD4 chimeric protein, induced scattering of PECs associated with internalization of Endo180 into endosomes, loss of E-cadherin (CDH1/ECAD), and unzipping of cell-cell junctions. These findings are the first to demonstrate that a CTLD acts as a suppressor and regulatory switch for EMT; thus, positing that stabilization of Endo180-CD147 complex is a viable therapeutic strategy to improve rates of prostate cancer survival. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies the interaction between CTLD4 in Endo180 and CD147 as an EMT suppressor and indicates that stabilization of this molecular complex improves prostate cancer survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Rodriguez-Teja
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julian H Gronau
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ai Minamidate
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Darby
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Gaughan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Robson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Waxman
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Sturge
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.
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33
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Ashour AA, Gurbuz N, Alpay SN, Abdel-Aziz AAH, Mansour AM, Huo L, Ozpolat B. Elongation factor-2 kinase regulates TG2/β1 integrin/Src/uPAR pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediating pancreatic cancer cells invasion. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2235-51. [PMID: 25215932 PMCID: PMC4224557 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the lethal cancers with extensive local tumour invasion, metastasis, early systemic dissemination and poorest prognosis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms regulating invasion/metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is the key for developing effective therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer (PaCa). Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF-2K) is an atypical kinase that we found to be highly up-regulated in PaCa cells. However, its role in PaCa invasion/progression remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of eEF-2K in cellular invasion, and we found that down-regulation of eEF-2K, by siRNA or rottlerin, displays impairment of PaCa cells invasion/migration, with significant decreases in the expression of tissue transglutaminase (TG2), the multifunctional enzyme implicated in regulation of cell attachment, motility and survival. These events were associated with reductions in β1 integrin/uPAR/MMP-2 expressions as well as decrease in Src activity. Furthermore, inhibition of eEF-2K/TG2 axis suppresses the EMT, as demonstrated by the modulation of the zinc finger transcription factors, ZEB1/Snail, and the tight junction proteins, claudins. Importantly, while eEF-2K silencing recapitulates the rottlerin-induced inhibition of invasion and correlated events, eEF-2K overexpression, by lentivirus-based expression system, suppresses such rottlerin effects and potentiates PaCa cells invasion/migration capability. Collectively, our results show, for the first time, that eEF-2K is involved in regulation of the invasive phenotype of PaCa cells through promoting a new signalling pathway, which is mediated by TG2/β1 integrin/Src/uPAR/MMP-2, and the induction of EMT biomarkers which enhance cancer cell motility and metastatic potential. Thus, eEF-2K could represent a novel potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Ashour
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Nilgun Gurbuz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Sultan Neslihan Alpay
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Abdel-Aziz H Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
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Haqq J, Howells LM, Garcea G, Metcalfe MS, Steward WP, Dennison AR. Pancreatic stellate cells and pancreas cancer: current perspectives and future strategies. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2570-82. [PMID: 25091797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant disease with a very poor prognosis. To date patient outcomes have not improved principally due to the limited number of patients suitable for surgical resections and the radiation and chemotherapy resistance of these tumours. In the last decade, a failure of conventional therapies has forced researchers to re-examine the environment of PDAC. The tumour environment has been demonstrated to consist of an abundance of stroma containing many cells but predominantly pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Recent research has focused on understanding the interaction between PSCs and PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo. It is believed that the interaction between these cells is responsible for supporting tumour growth, invasion and metastasis and creating the barrier to delivery of chemotherapeutics. Novel approaches which focus on the interactions between PDAC and PSCs which sustain the tumour microenvironment may achieve significant patient benefits. This manuscript reviews the current evidence regarding PSCs, their interaction with PDAC cells and the potential implication this may have for future therapies. METHODS A PubMed search was carried out for the terms 'pancreas cancer' OR 'pancreatic cancer', AND 'pancreatic stellate cells', NOT 'hepatic stellate cells'. All studies were screened and assessed for their eligibility and manuscripts exploring the relationship between PSCs and PDAC were included. The studies were subdivided into in vitro and in vivo groups. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-six manuscripts were identified and reduced to seventy-three in vitro and in vivo studies for review. The manuscripts showed that PDAC cells and PSCs interact with each other to enhance proliferation, reduce apoptosis and increase migration and invasion of cancer cells. The pathways through which they facilitate these actions provide potential targets for future novel therapies. CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence supporting the multiple roles of PSCs in establishing the tumour microenvironment and supporting the survival of PDAC. To further validate these findings there is a need for greater use of physiologically relevant models of pancreatic cancer in vitro such as three dimensional co-cultures and the use of orthotopic and genetically engineered murine (GEM) models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Haqq
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom.
| | - Lynne M Howells
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Garcea
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S Metcalfe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Will P Steward
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley R Dennison
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
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Bi Y, Mukhopadhyay D, Drinane M, Ji B, Li X, Cao S, Shah VH. Endocytosis of collagen by hepatic stellate cells regulates extracellular matrix dynamics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C622-33. [PMID: 25080486 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00086.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) generate matrix, which in turn may also regulate HSCs function during liver fibrosis. We hypothesized that HSCs may endocytose matrix proteins to sense and respond to changes in microenvironment. Primary human HSCs, LX2, or mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) [wild-type; c-abl(-/-); or Yes, Src, and Fyn knockout mice (YSF(-/-))] were incubated with fluorescent-labeled collagen or gelatin. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and confocal microscopy were used for measuring cellular internalization of matrix proteins. Targeted PCR array and quantitative real-time PCR were used to evaluate gene expression changes. HSCs and LX2 cells endocytose collagens in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Endocytosed collagen colocalized with Dextran 10K, a marker of macropinocytosis, and 5-ethylisopropyl amiloride, an inhibitor of macropinocytosis, reduced collagen internalization by 46%. Cytochalasin D and ML7 blocked collagen internalization by 47% and 45%, respectively, indicating that actin and myosin are critical for collagen endocytosis. Wortmannin and AKT inhibitor blocked collagen internalization by 70% and 89%, respectively, indicating that matrix macropinocytosis requires phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. Overexpression of dominant-negative dynamin-2 K44A blocked matrix internalization by 77%, indicating a role for dynamin-2 in matrix macropinocytosis. Whereas c-abl(-/-) MEF showed impaired matrix endocytosis, YSF(-/-) MEF surprisingly showed increased matrix endocytosis. It was also associated with complex gene regulations that related with matrix dynamics, including increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) mRNA levels and zymographic activity. HSCs endocytose matrix proteins through macropinocytosis that requires a signaling network composed of PI3K/AKT, dynamin-2, and c-abl. Interaction with extracellular matrix regulates matrix dynamics through modulating multiple gene expressions including MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bi
- GI Research Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | | | - Mary Drinane
- GI Research Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minneosota
| | - Sheng Cao
- GI Research Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Vijay H Shah
- GI Research Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
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