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Saleh F, Lustri L, Gueriau P, Potin GJM, Pérez-Peris F, Laibl L, Jamart V, Vite A, Antcliffe JB, Daley AC, Nohejlová M, Dupichaud C, Schöder S, Bérard E, Lynch S, Drage HB, Vaucher R, Vidal M, Monceret E, Monceret S, Lefebvre B. The Cabrières Biota (France) provides insights into Ordovician polar ecosystems. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:651-662. [PMID: 38337049 PMCID: PMC11009115 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Early Palaeozoic sites with soft-tissue preservation are predominantly found in Cambrian rocks and tend to capture past tropical and temperate ecosystems. In this study, we describe the diversity and preservation of the Cabrières Biota, a newly discovered Early Ordovician Lagerstätte from Montagne Noire, southern France. The Cabrières Biota showcases a diverse polar assemblage of both biomineralized and soft-bodied organisms predominantly preserved in iron oxides. Echinoderms are extremely scarce, while sponges and algae are abundantly represented. Non-biomineralized arthropod fragments are also preserved, along with faunal elements reminiscent of Cambrian Burgess Shale-type ecosystems, such as armoured lobopodians. The taxonomic diversity observed in the Cabrières Biota mixes Early Ordovician Lagerstätten taxa with Cambrian forms. By potentially being the closest Lagerstätte to the South Pole, the Cabrières Biota probably served as a biotic refuge amid the high-water temperatures of the Early Ordovician, and shows comparable ecological structuring to modern polar communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Saleh
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Lorenzo Lustri
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gueriau
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, MNHN, Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Gaëtan J-M Potin
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesc Pérez-Peris
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lukáš Laibl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valentin Jamart
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Vite
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5276, LGL-TPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Allison C Daley
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Dupichaud
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5276, LGL-TPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Emilie Bérard
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sinéad Lynch
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harriet B Drage
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Vaucher
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Vidal
- Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Geo-Ocean, UMR 6538, Plouzané, France
| | - Eric Monceret
- Société d'Etudes Scientifiques de l'Aude, Carcassonne, France
| | - Sylvie Monceret
- Société d'Etudes Scientifiques de l'Aude, Carcassonne, France
| | - Bertrand Lefebvre
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5276, LGL-TPE, Villeurbanne, France
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2
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Rai T, Kaushik N, Malviya R, Sharma PK. A review on marine source as anticancer agents. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:415-451. [PMID: 37675579 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2249825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This review investigates the potential of natural compounds obtained from marine sources for the treatment of cancer. The oceans are believed to contain physiologically active compounds, such as alkaloids, nucleosides, macrolides, and polyketides, which have shown promising effects in slowing human tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro. Various marine species, including algae, mollusks, actinomycetes, fungi, sponges, and soft corals, have been studied for their bioactive metabolites with diverse chemical structures. The review explores the therapeutic potential of various marine-derived substances and discusses their possible applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Rai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Niranjan Kaushik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
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Moreno-Pino M, Manrique-de-la-Cuba MF, López-Rodríguez M, Parada-Pozo G, Rodríguez-Marconi S, Ribeiro CG, Flores-Herrera P, Guajardo M, Trefault N. Unveiling microbial guilds and symbiotic relationships in Antarctic sponge microbiomes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6371. [PMID: 38493232 PMCID: PMC10944490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges host diverse microbial communities. Although we know many of its ecological patterns, a deeper understanding of the polar sponge holobiont is still needed. We combine high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal genes, including the largest taxonomic repertoire of Antarctic sponge species analyzed to date, functional metagenomics, and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Our findings show that sponges harbor more exclusive bacterial and archaeal communities than seawater, while microbial eukaryotes are mostly shared. Furthermore, bacteria in Antarctic sponge holobionts establish more cooperative interactions than in sponge holobionts from other environments. The bacterial classes that established more positive relations were Bacteroidia, Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria. Antarctic sponge microbiomes contain microbial guilds that encompass ammonia-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. The retrieved MAGs showed a high level of novelty and streamlining signals and belong to the most abundant members of the main microbial guilds in the Antarctic sponge holobiont. Moreover, the genomes of these symbiotic bacteria contain highly abundant functions related to their adaptation to the cold environment, vitamin production, and symbiotic lifestyle, helping the holobiont survive in this extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Moreno-Pino
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Génesis Parada-Pozo
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus in Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts (MASH), Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | | | - Patricio Flores-Herrera
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Guajardo
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Trefault
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Nucleus in Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts (MASH), Puerto Montt, Chile.
- FONDAP Center IDEAL- Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystem, Valdivia, Chile.
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Turon M, Ford M, Maldonado M, Sitjà C, Riesgo A, Díez-Vives C. Microbiome changes through the ontogeny of the marine sponge Crambe crambe. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:15. [PMID: 38468324 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poriferans (sponges) are highly adaptable organisms that can thrive in diverse marine and freshwater environments due, in part, to their close associations with internal microbial communities. This sponge microbiome can be acquired from the surrounding environment (horizontal acquisition) or obtained from the parents during the reproductive process through a variety of mechanisms (vertical transfer), typically resulting in the presence of symbiotic microbes throughout all stages of sponge development. How and to what extent the different components of the microbiome are transferred to the developmental stages remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the microbiome composition of a common, low-microbial-abundance, Atlantic-Mediterranean sponge, Crambe crambe, throughout its ontogeny, including adult individuals, brooded larvae, lecithotrophic free-swimming larvae, newly settled juveniles still lacking osculum, and juveniles with a functional osculum for filter feeding. RESULTS Using 16S rRNA gene analysis, we detected distinct microbiome compositions in each ontogenetic stage, with variations in composition, relative abundance, and diversity of microbial species. However, a particular dominant symbiont, Candidatus Beroebacter blanensis, previously described as the main symbiont of C. crambe, consistently occurred throughout all stages, an omnipresence that suggests vertical transmission from parents to offspring. This symbiont fluctuated in relative abundance across developmental stages, with pronounced prevalence in lecithotrophic stages. A major shift in microbial composition occurred as new settlers completed osculum formation and acquired filter-feeding capacity. Candidatus Beroebacter blanensis decreased significatively at this point. Microbial diversity peaked in filter-feeding stages, contrasting with the lower diversity of lecithotrophic stages. Furthermore, individual specific transmission patterns were detected, with greater microbial similarity between larvae and their respective parents compared to non-parental conspecifics. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a putative vertical transmission of the dominant symbiont, which could provide some metabolic advantage to non-filtering developmental stages of C. crambe. The increase in microbiome diversity with the onset of filter-feeding stages likely reflects enhanced interaction with environmental microbes, facilitating horizontal transmission. Conversely, lower microbiome diversity in lecithotrophic stages, prior to filter feeding, suggests incomplete symbiont transfer or potential symbiont digestion. This research provides novel information on the dynamics of the microbiome through sponge ontogeny, on the strategies for symbiont acquisition at each ontogenetic stage, and on the potential importance of symbionts during larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Turon
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Madeline Ford
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Manuel Maldonado
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), c/Accés a la Cala St. Francesc, 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - Cèlia Sitjà
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), c/Accés a la Cala St. Francesc, 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Cristina Díez-Vives
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, c/Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Papale M, Giannarelli S, Azzaro di Rosamarina M, Ghezzi L, Lo Giudice A, Rizzo C. Chemical and microbiological insights into two littoral Antarctic demosponge species: Haliclona ( Rhizoniera) dancoi (Topsent 1901) and Haliclona ( Rhizoniera) scotti (Kirkpatrick 1907). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341641. [PMID: 38404594 PMCID: PMC10884823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antarctic Porifera have gained increasing interest as hosts of diversified associated microbial communities that could provide interesting insights on the holobiome system and its relation with environmental parameters. Methods The Antarctic demosponge species Haliclona dancoi and Haliclona scotti were targeted for the determination of persistent organic pollutant (i. e., polychlorobiphenyls, PCBs, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) and trace metal concentrations, along with the characterization of the associated prokaryotic communities by the 16S rRNA next generation sequencing, to evaluate possible relationships between pollutant accumulation (e.g., as a stress factor) and prokaryotic community composition in Antarctic sponges. To the best of our knowledge, this approach has been never applied before. Results Notably, both chemical and microbiological data on H. scotti (a quite rare species in the Ross Sea) are here reported for the first time, as well as the determination of PAHs in Antarctic Porifera. Both sponge species generally contained higher amounts of pollutants than the surrounding sediment and seawater, thus demonstrating their accumulation capability. The structure of the associated prokaryotic communities, even if differing at order and genus levels between the two sponge species, was dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota (with Archaea abundances that were negligible) and appeared in sharp contrast to communities inhabiting the bulk environment. Discussions Results suggested that some bacterial groups associated with H. dancoi and H. scotti were significantly (positively or negatively) correlated to the occurrence of certain contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papale
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Giannarelli
- Department of Chemical and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lisa Ghezzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Rizzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Messina, Italy
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6
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Aljahdali MO, Alhassan AB. The use of marine sponge species as a bioindicator to monitor metal pollution in Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115618. [PMID: 37890318 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The existing data on trace elements of benthic sea organisms is scarce. Yet, the pressing issue of environmental contamination has spurred a surge in the use of organisms as biomonitors. In this study, sediment cores were sampled with the sponges, and metal concentrations were determined in both samples using ICP-MS. The mean concentrations of metals in benthic sediments and sponge species analyzed in this study differed significantly (Sediment > Phorbas species > Negombata magnifica > Callyspongia species > Amphimedon chloros). This could be due to the varying capacity of each sponge species to accumulate a particular metal by different means. Negombata magnifica and Phorbas species appear to be indicators, accumulators, or hyper-accumulators of Cu and Mn, while Callyspongia species is an indicator, accumulator, or hyper-accumulator of Cu only due to bioconcentration factor > 1 for the aforementioned metals. Concentrations of Cu and As in sediment were below the Effects Range Median but above the Effects Range Low threshold, hence the need to give more attention to these metals. This research provides a baseline dataset for designing monitoring strategies on this ecosystem and using sponge species for biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Othman Aljahdali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullahi Bala Alhassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810001, Nigeria.
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7
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Ochoa-Sánchez M, Acuña Gomez EP, Ramírez-Fenández L, Eguiarte LE, Souza V. Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome project. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15978. [PMID: 37810788 PMCID: PMC10557944 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions are ubiquitous and play important roles in host biology, ecology, and evolution. Yet, host-microbe research has focused on inland species, whereas marine hosts and their associated microbes remain largely unexplored, especially in developing countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we review the current knowledge of marine host microbiomes in the Southern Hemisphere. Our results revealed important biases in marine host species sampling for studies conducted in the Southern Hemisphere, where sponges and marine mammals have received the greatest attention. Sponge-associated microbes vary greatly across geographic regions and species. Nevertheless, besides taxonomic heterogeneity, sponge microbiomes have functional consistency, whereas geography and aging are important drivers of marine mammal microbiomes. Seabird and macroalgal microbiomes in the Southern Hemisphere were also common. Most seabird microbiome has focused on feces, whereas macroalgal microbiome has focused on the epibiotic community. Important drivers of seabird fecal microbiome are aging, sex, and species-specific factors. In contrast, host-derived deterministic factors drive the macroalgal epibiotic microbiome, in a process known as "microbial gardening". In turn, marine invertebrates (especially crustaceans) and fish microbiomes have received less attention in the Southern Hemisphere. In general, the predominant approach to study host marine microbiomes has been the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Interestingly, there are some marine holobiont studies (i.e., studies that simultaneously analyze host (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics) and microbiome (e.g., 16S rRNA gene, metagenome) traits), but only in some marine invertebrates and macroalgae from Africa and Australia. Finally, we introduce an ongoing project on the surface microbiome of key species in the Strait of Magellan. This is an international project that will provide novel microbiome information of several species in the Strait of Magellan. In the short-term, the project will improve our knowledge about microbial diversity in the region, while long-term potential benefits include the use of these data to assess host-microbial responses to the Anthropocene derived climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ochoa-Sánchez
- Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego, Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Lia Ramírez-Fenández
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo de Biotecnología Industrial y Bioproductos, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Valeria Souza
- Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego, Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Freitas MAMD, Cunha-Ferreira IC, Leal CV, Fernandez JCC, Omachi CY, Campos LS, Masi BP, Krüger RH, Hajdu E, Thompson CC, Thompson FL. Microbiome diversity from sponges biogeographically distributed between South America and Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163256. [PMID: 37011689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sponges from South America and Antarctica are evolutionarily closely related. Specific symbiont signatures that could differentiate these two geographic regions are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the microbiome diversity of sponges from South America and Antarctica. In total 71 sponge specimens were analyzed (Antarctica: N = 59, 13 different species; South America: N = 12, 6 different species). Illumina 16S rRNA sequences were generated (2.88 million sequences; 40K ± 29K/sample). The most abundant symbionts were heterotrophic (94.8 %) and belonged mainly to Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. EC94 was the most abundant symbiont and dominated the microbiome of some species (70-87 %), comprising at least 10 phylogroups. Each of the EC94 phylogroups was specific to one genus or species of sponge. Furthermore, South America sponges had higher abundance of photosynthetic microorganisms (2.3 %) and sponges from Antarctica, the highest abundance of chemosynthetic (5.5 %). Sponge symbionts may contribute to the function of their hosts. The unique features from each of these two regions (e.g., light, temperature, and nutrients) possibly stimulate distinct microbiome diversity from sponges biogeographically distributed across continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanne A M de Freitas
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Camille V Leal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio C C Fernandez
- Department of Invertebrates, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Y Omachi
- Laboratory of Environmental Indicators, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia S Campos
- Department of Zoology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Masi
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Fishery Oceanography of the Amazon (LEMOPA), Socio environmental and Water Resources Institute (ISARH), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo H Krüger
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Biology Institute, University of Brasília (UNB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Laboratory of Environmental Indicators, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Putra SA, Ambo-Rappe R, Jompa J, Voogd NJDE. Two centuries of sponges (phylum Porifera) taxonomic studies in Indonesia (1820-2021): checklist and bibliography. Zootaxa 2023; 5298:1-74. [PMID: 37518577 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5298.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Sponges in Indonesia have been studied since the 19th century during several historical expeditions and international collaborations. Hundreds of new species were reported from various locations, e.g., Ambon, Ternate, Sulawesi, Aru, and Kei Islands. This study aimed to create a sponge (Porifera: Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, and Homoscleromorpha) species checklist from Indonesia based on World Porifera Database. With a total of 731 species, our checklist comprises approximately 45 species of Calcarea, 566 species of Demospongiae, 115 species of Hexactinellida, and five species of Homoscleromorpha. The number of species are recorded from 12 marine ecoregions across the Indonesian Archipelago and freshwater habitats (Spongillida) between 1820-2021. The species composition indicates higher regional endemism or poorly studied since no other report after the original description. However, several marine ecoregions of Indonesia remain highly overlooked (e.g., Northeast Sulawesi, Papua, Southern Java, Western Sumatra), including freshwater habitats. Therefore, a taxonomic biodiversity baseline study, particularly on Porifera, is necessary to better understand the aquatic and marine biodiversity in the Indonesia Archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singgih Afifa Putra
- Universitas Hasanuddin; Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan; Program Doktor Ilmu Perikanan; Makassar 90245; Indonesia; Balai Pengembangan Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Vokasi Bidang Kelautan Perikanan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (BPPMPV KPTK); Departemen Kelautan/Laboratorium Hasil Laut; Gowa 92172; Indonesia; Lestari Alam Laut Untuk Negeri (LATUN); Bengkulu 38116; Indonesia.
| | - Rohani Ambo-Rappe
- Universitas Hasanuddin; Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan; Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan; Makassar 90245; Indonesia.
| | - Jamaluddin Jompa
- Universitas Hasanuddin; Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan; Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan; Makassar 90245; Indonesia.
| | - Nicole J DE Voogd
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Marine Biodiversity; 2333 CR Leiden; The Netherlands; Leiden University; Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML); Department of Environmental Biology; 2333 CC Leiden; The Netherlands.
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10
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Indraningrat AAG, Steinert G, Becking LE, Mueller B, de Goeij JM, Smidt H, Sipkema D. Sponge holobionts shift their prokaryotic communities and antimicrobial activity from shallow to lower mesophotic depths. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:1265-1283. [PMID: 35998007 PMCID: PMC9534810 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate prokaryotic community composition of the Caribbean sponges Xestospongia muta and Agelas sventres from three depth ranges: < 30 m (shallow), 30–60 m (upper mesophotic), and 60–90 m (lower mesophotic). The prokaryotic community in shallow samples of X. muta was enriched in Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexota, and Crenarchaeota compared to samples from mesophotic depths, while mesophotic samples of X. muta were enriched in Acidobacteriota. For A. sventres, relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexota, and Gammaproteobacteria was higher in shallow samples, while Proteobacteria and Crenarchaeota were enriched in mesophotic A. sventres samples. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by screening crude extracts of sponges against a set of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, a yeast, and an oomycete. Antibacterial activities from crude extracts of shallow sponge individuals were generally higher than observed from mesophotic individuals, that showed limited or no antibacterial activities. Conversely, the highest anti-oomycete activity was found from crude extracts of X. muta individuals from lower mesophotic depth, but without a clear pattern across the depth gradient. These results indicate that sponge-associated prokaryotic communities and the antimicrobial activity of sponges change within species across a depth gradient from shallow to mesophotic depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Jln Terompong 24, 80235, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Georg Steinert
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leontine E Becking
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, Den Helder, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Mueller
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai z/n, P.O. Box 2090, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Jasper M de Goeij
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai z/n, P.O. Box 2090, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Cristi A, Parada-Pozo G, Morales-Vicencio F, Cárdenas CA, Trefault N. Variability in Host Specificity and Functional Potential of Antarctic Sponge-Associated Bacterial Communities. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:771589. [PMID: 35095792 PMCID: PMC8792898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.771589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponge-associated microorganisms are essential for sponge survival. They play an important role in recycling nutrients and, therefore, in the maintenance of the ecosystem. These microorganisms are diverse, species-specific, and different from those in the surrounding seawater. Bacterial sponge symbionts have been extensively studied in the tropics; however, little is known about these microorganisms in sponges from high-latitude environments. Sponges can cover up to 80% of the benthos in Antarctica and are crucial architects for the marine food web. In this study, we present analyses of the bacterial symbionts of three sponges: Haliclona (Rhizoniera) sp., Hymeniacidon torquata, and Isodictya kerguelenensis from the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) with the aim to determine variations on the specificity of the bacteria–sponge interactions and potential signatures on their predicted functional profiles. We use high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 30 sponge individuals inhabiting South Bay (Palmer Archipelago, WAP) to describe their microbiome taxonomy and diversity and predict potential functional profiles based on this marker gene. Our work shows similar bacterial community composition profiles among the same sponge species, although the symbiotic relationship is not equally conserved among the three Antarctic sponges. The number of species-specific core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of these Antarctic sponges was low, with important differences between the total abundance accounted for these OTUs. Only eight OTUs were shared between the three sponge species. Analyses of the functional potential revealed that despite the high host–symbiont specificity, the inferred functions are conserved among these microbiomes, although with differences in the abundance of specific functions. H. torquata showed the highest level of intra-specificity and a higher potential of pathways related to energy metabolism, metabolisms of terpenoids and polyketides, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. Overall, this work shows variations in the specificity of the sponge-associated bacterial communities, differences in how hosts and symbionts establish their relations, and in their potential functional capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Cristi
- Centro GEMA – Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Génesis Parada-Pozo
- Centro GEMA – Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Morales-Vicencio
- Centro GEMA – Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - César A. Cárdenas
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Trefault
- Centro GEMA – Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Nicole Trefault,
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12
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Biodiversity and biogeography of hydroids across marine ecoregions and provinces of southern South America and Antarctica. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Moreno-Pino M, Ugalde JA, Valdés JH, Rodríguez-Marconi S, Parada-Pozo G, Trefault N. Bacteria Isolated From the Antarctic Sponge Iophon sp. Reveals Mechanisms of Symbiosis in Sporosarcina, Cellulophaga, and Nesterenkonia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:660779. [PMID: 34177840 PMCID: PMC8222686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.660779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic sponges harbor a diverse range of microorganisms that perform unique metabolic functions for nutrient cycles. Understanding how microorganisms establish functional sponge-microbe interactions in the Antarctic marine ecosystem provides clues about the success of these ancient animals in this realm. Here, we use a culture-dependent approach and genome sequencing to investigate the molecular determinants that promote a dual lifestyle in three bacterial genera Sporosarcina, Cellulophaga, and Nesterenkonia. Phylogenomic analyses showed that four sponge-associated isolates represent putative novel bacterial species within the Sporosarcina and Nesterenkonia genera and that the fifth bacterial isolate corresponds to Cellulophaga algicola. We inferred that isolated sponge-associated bacteria inhabit similarly marine sponges and also seawater. Comparative genomics revealed that these sponge-associated bacteria are enriched in symbiotic lifestyle-related genes. Specific adaptations related to the cold Antarctic environment are features of the bacterial strains isolated here. Furthermore, we showed evidence that the vitamin B5 synthesis-related gene, panE from Nesterenkonia E16_7 and E16_10, was laterally transferred within Actinobacteria members. Together, these findings indicate that the genomes of sponge-associated strains differ from other related genomes based on mechanisms that may contribute to the life in association with sponges and the extreme conditions of the Antarctic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Moreno-Pino
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Ugalde
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge H. Valdés
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Marconi
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Génesis Parada-Pozo
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Trefault
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Liao L, Su SY, Zhang YJ, Liu H, Zhang XY, Zhang J, Wen J, Chen B, Yu Y. Pseudopuniceibacterium antarcticum sp. nov., isolated from an Antarctic marine sponge. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 71. [PMID: 33332260 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated strain HQ09T, was isolated from a marine sponge off the coast of Fields Peninsula, West Antarctica. Strain HQ09T grew at 4-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5-9 (optimum, pH 7.0), and with 1-10% NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HQ09T was affiliated with the genus Pseudopuniceibacterium in the family Rhodobacteraceae, sharing 99.64 % identity with the type strain of Pseudopuniceibacterium sediminis, the only known species in the genus. However, the low digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) (27.2 %) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) (83.63 %) values between strain HQ09T and the type strain of Pseudopuniceibacterium sediminis indicated that they did not belong to the same species. Strain HQ09T could also be differentiated from Pseudopuniceibacterium sediminis by many phenotypic characteristics. The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain HQ09T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c), 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified phospholipid. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The genomic DNA G+C content was 62.63 mol%. Four secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were detected in the genome, potentially producing ectoine and three types of unknown compounds. On the basis of the polyphasic evidences obtained in this study, strain HQ09T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudopuniceibacterium, for which the name Pseudopuniceibacterium antarcticum sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain being HQ09T (=KCTC 52229T=CGMCC 1.15538T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Polar Science, MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, PR China
| | - Shi-Yuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Polar Science, MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, PR China
| | - Yan-Jiao Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Science, MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, PR China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Science, MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, PR China
| | - Jiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Polar Science, MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polar Science, MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, PR China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Science, MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, PR China
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15
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Fabri-Ruiz S, Navarro N, Laffont R, Danis B, Saucède T. Diversity of Antarctic Echinoids and Ecoregions of the Southern Ocean. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020060047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Sponge communities in the eastern Canadian Arctic: species richness, diversity and density determined using targeted benthic sampling and underwater video analysis. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Fabri-Ruiz S, Danis B, Navarro N, Koubbi P, Laffont R, Saucède T. Benthic ecoregionalization based on echinoid fauna of the Southern Ocean supports current proposals of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas under IPCC scenarios of climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2161-2180. [PMID: 31919925 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean (SO) is among the regions on Earth that are undergoing regionally the fastest environmental changes. The unique ecological features of its marine life make it particularly vulnerable to the multiple effects of climate change. A network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) has started to be implemented in the SO to protect marine ecosystems. However, considering future predictions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the relevance of current, static, MPAs may be questioned under future scenarios. In this context, the ecoregionalization approach can prove promising in identifying well-delimited regions of common species composition and environmental settings. These so-called ecoregions are expected to show similar biotic responses to environmental changes and can be used to define priority areas for the designation of new MPAs and the update of their current delimitation. In the present work, a benthic ecoregionalization of the entire SO is proposed for the first time based on abiotic environmental parameters and the distribution of echinoid fauna, a diversified and common member of Antarctic benthic ecosystems. A novel two-step approach was developed combining species distribution modeling with Random Forest and Gaussian Mixture modeling from species probabilities to define current ecoregions and predict future ecoregions under IPCC scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The ecological representativity of current and proposed MPAs of the SO is discussed with regard to the modeled benthic ecoregions. In all, 12 benthic ecoregions were determined under present conditions, they are representative of major biogeographic patterns already described. Our results show that the most dramatic changes can be expected along the Antarctic Peninsula, in East Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands under both IPCC scenarios. Our results advocate for a dynamic definition of MPAs, they also argue for improving the representativity of Antarctic ecoregions in proposed MPAs and support current proposals of Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources for the creation of Antarctic MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Fabri-Ruiz
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS/EPHE 6282, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Danis
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS/EPHE 6282, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Koubbi
- UFR 918 Terre Environnement et Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Paris Cedex 05, France
- IFREMER, Centre Manche mer du Nord. Laboratoire Halieutique de Manche-Mer du Nord, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Rémi Laffont
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS/EPHE 6282, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS/EPHE 6282, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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18
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Fatty acids elucidate sub-Antarctic stream benthic food web dynamics invaded by the North American beaver (Castor canadensis). Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:180. [PMID: 31533610 PMCID: PMC6749685 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine invertebrates are abundant and diverse on the continental shelf in Antarctica, but little is known about their parasitic counterparts. Endoparasites are especially understudied because they often possess highly modified body plans that pose problems for their identification. Asterophila, a genus of endoparasitic gastropod in the family Eulimidae, forms cysts in the arms and central discs of asteroid sea stars. There are currently four known species in this genus, one of which has been described from the Antarctic Peninsula (A. perknasteri). This study employs molecular and morphological data to investigate the diversity of Asterophila in Antarctica and explore cophylogenetic patterns between host and parasite. RESULTS A maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Asterophila and subsequent species-delimitation analysis uncovered nine well-supported putative species, eight of which are new to science. Most Asterophila species were found on a single host species, but four species were found on multiple hosts from one or two closely related genera, showing phylogenetic conservatism of host use. Both distance-based and event-based cophylogenetic analyses uncovered a strong signal of coevolution in this system, but most associations were explained by non-cospeciation events. DISCUSSION The prevalence of duplication and host-switching events in Asterophila and its asteroid hosts suggests that synchronous evolution may be rare even in obligate endoparasitic systems. The apparent restricted distribution of Asterophila from around the Scotia Arc may be an artefact of concentrated sampling in the area and a low obvious prevalence of infection. Given the richness of parasites on a global scale, their role in promoting host diversification, and the threat of their loss through coextinction, future work should continue to investigate parasite diversity and coevolution in vulnerable ecosystems.
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20
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González-Wevar CA, Hüne M, Rosenfeld S, Nakano T, Saucède T, Spencer H, Poulin E. Systematic revision of Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) based on a complete phylogeny of the genus, with the description of a new species from the southern tip of South America. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A González-Wevar
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Ecología Molecular Antártica y sub-Antártica, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Emilio Pugín, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, XIV Región de los Ríos, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Centre, Kyoto University, Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Thomas Saucède
- IMBE-Institut Méditerranéen de Biologie et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille, France
| | - Hamish Spencer
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Carella M, Agell G, Uriz MJ. Asexual reproduction and heterozygote selection in an Antarctic demosponge (Stylocordyla chupachus, Suberitida). Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Cárdenas CA, González-Aravena M, Font A, Hestetun JT, Hajdu E, Trefault N, Malmberg M, Bongcam-Rudloff E. High similarity in the microbiota of cold-water sponges of the Genus Mycale from two different geographical areas. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4935. [PMID: 29892508 PMCID: PMC5994334 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges belonging to genus Mycale are common and widely distributed across the oceans and represent a significant component of benthic communities in term of their biomass, which in many species is largely composed by bacteria. However, the microbial communities associated with Mycale species inhabiting different geographical areas have not been previously compared. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the microbiota of two Mycale species inhabiting the sub-Antarctic Magellan region (53°S) and the Western Antarctic Peninsula (62-64°S), two geographically distant areas (>1,300 km) with contrasting environmental conditions. The sponges Mycale (Aegogropila) magellanica and Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata are both abundant members of benthic communities in the Magellan region and in Antarctica, respectively. High throughput sequencing revealed a remarkable similarity in the microbiota of both sponge species, dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, with both species sharing more than 74% of the OTUs. In contrast, 16% and 10% of the OTUs were found only in either M. magellanica or M. acerata, respectively. Interestingly, despite slight differences in the relative abundance, the most dominant OTUs were present in both species, whereas the unique OTUs had very low abundances (less than 1% of the total abundance). These results show a significant overlap among the microbiota of both Mycale species and also suggest the existence of a low level of specificity of the most dominant symbiont groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A. Cárdenas
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Font
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Jon T. Hestetun
- Marine Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicole Trefault
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maja Malmberg
- SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Taverna A, Lagger C, Maggioni T, Reyna P, Lovrich G, Tatián M. Ascidian distribution provides new insights to help define the biogeographic provinces in the South American Region. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Ubare VV, Mohan PM. New Records and Range Extensions of Some Marine Sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae and Homoscleromorpha) from the Andaman Islands, India; Part of the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Zool Stud 2018; 57:e3. [PMID: 31966243 PMCID: PMC6517760 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2018.57-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vibha V. Ubare and P. M. Mohan (2018) The present study reports seven new records of marine sponges from the Andaman Islands, India. Among them, six species are from the Class Demospongiae and one is from the Class Homoscleromorpha. These seven species were earlier recorded from Australian and South-east Asian regions and islands in the Indian Ocean. The current study documents the range extension of these sponges and highlights the importance of filling the gaps in distributional patterns (Wallacean shortfall). Out of the seven species, four species are reported here, from the Indian waters, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha V Ubare
- Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Brookshabad, Port Blair - 744 112, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. E-mail:
| | - P M Mohan
- Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Brookshabad, Port Blair - 744 112, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. E-mail:
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25
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Trophic ecology of glass sponge reefs in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:756. [PMID: 29335445 PMCID: PMC5768768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges link the microbial loop with benthic communities by feeding on bacteria. Glass sponge reefs on the continental shelf of western Canada have extremely high grazing rates, consuming seven times more particulate carbon than can be supplied by vertical flux alone. Unlike many sponges, the reef building species Aphrocallistes vastus has no microbial symbionts and removes little dissolved organic carbon. To determine how reef sponges therefore get enough food to sustain such substantial grazing we measured stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures of water, sediment and sponge tissues. To ensure samples were temporally associated, we also studied the duration particles were retained in tissues in controlled feeding studies using microscopic beads and 13C-labeled bacteria. Although fecal pellets were expelled from sponges within 24 hours of feeding, intact bacteria were still found in tissues and sponge tissues retained elevated 13C levels for at least 14 days. These independent lines of evidence suggest that carbon in reef sponge tissues may reflect food consumed from days to weeks earlier. Stable isotope analysis suggests that heterotrophic bacteria ingested by the sponges comes from a confluence of trophic subsidies: from terrestrial and oceanic sources, and also potentially on sediment-borne bacteria resuspended by tidal currents.
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Riesgo A, Cavalcanti FF, Kenny NJ, Ríos P, Cristobo J, Lanna E. Integrative systematics of clathrinid sponges: morphological, reproductive and phylogenetic characterisation of a new species of Leucetta from Antarctica (Porifera, Calcarea, Calcinea) with notes on the occurrence of flagellated sperm. INVERTEBR SYST 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/is17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our study reports on the occurrence of a new species of Leucetta (Calcinea, Calcarea) from the Southern Ocean, Leucetta giribeti, sp. nov., collected in the shallow waters (15m depth) of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands. This new taxon is described based on a combination of morphological and molecular data, including the description of oocytes, embryos, larvae and sperm found in the choanosome. While female reproductive elements showed great similarities with those of other calcineans, sperm is reported here for the first time in the whole Calcinea subclass. Sperm cells are flagellated and possess a typical spermatic mid-piece, which is usually observed in cnidarians. In our phylogenetic analyses, we recovered Leucetta giribeti, sp. nov. as sister species of a clade formed by species of the genera Leucetta, Pericharax and Leucettusa. Although the clade in which Leucetta giribeti, sp. nov. is placed is supported by molecular and morphological features, we cannot propose a new genus due to uncertainties regarding the type species of the genus, Leucetta primigenia Haeckel, 1872. Our study reinforces the relevance of integrative approaches in the description of new taxa and contributes to resolving the poorly known reproductive patterns of Antarctic sponge species.
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Figuerola B, Barnes DKA, Brickle P, Brewin PE. Bryozoan diversity around the Falkland and South Georgia Islands: Overcoming Antarctic barriers. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 126:81-94. [PMID: 28258012 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of remote archipelagos distributed between 45 and 60 °S. The biota of these islands provide useful information to describe and understand patterns in biodiversity and biogeography as well as potential impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. They are in key locations either side of the Polar Front but also have limited influence from human activities. Here we investigate one taxon, bryozoans, on South Atlantic shelf habitats of the Falkland (FI) and the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia (SG). We present new data on spatial distribution in these islands, as well as an analysis of the bryozoological similarities between these and neighbouring regions. A total of 85 species of cheilostome bryozoans (351 samples) were found, belonging to 33 genera, including 18 potentially new genera and 23 new species. Remarkably 65% and 41% of species were reported for the first time at FI and SG, respectively. The highest and the lowest value of species richness and species/genus ratio were found at East (EFI) and West Falkland (WFI), respectively, likely showing a tendency for stronger intrageneric competition. New data from this study were jointly analysed with data from the literature and existing databases, revealing new bathymetric ranges in 32 species. The biogeographic affinities of the bryozoans found give further evidence of the hypothesis of sequential separation of Gondwana and support the changing concept that although the Polar Front acts as a circumpolar biogeographic barrier it is not as impermeable as originally thought. Potential dispersal mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Figuerola
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - David K A Barnes
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), Box 609, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, South Atlantic, Falkland Islands; Shallow Marine Surveys Group (SMSG), 2 Philomel Pl, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, South Atlantic, Falkland Islands; School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Paul E Brewin
- Shallow Marine Surveys Group (SMSG), 2 Philomel Pl, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, South Atlantic, Falkland Islands; Directorate of Natural Resources - Fisheries, Falklands Islands Government, PO Box 598, Stanley, South Atlantic, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands; Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands, Government House, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, South Atlantic, Falkland Islands
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Moon KL, Chown SL, Fraser CI. Reconsidering connectivity in the sub-Antarctic. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 92:2164-2181. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Moon
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Australia
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Acton 2601 Australia
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Australia
| | - Ceridwen I. Fraser
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Acton 2601 Australia
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Botting JP, Muir LA, Zhang Y, Ma X, Ma J, Wang L, Zhang J, Song Y, Fang X. Flourishing Sponge-Based Ecosystems after the End-Ordovician Mass Extinction. Curr Biol 2017; 27:556-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Goodwin CE, Berman J, Downey RV, Hendry KR. Carnivorous sponges (Porifera : Demospongiae : Poecilosclerida : Cladorhizidae) from the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean) with a description of eight new species and a review of the family Cladorhizidae in the Southern Ocean. INVERTEBR SYST 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/is16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study reviews the taxonomy and biogeography of carnivorous sponges (family Cladorhizidae) in the Southern Ocean. Specimens were collected from seamounts in the Drake Passage by dredging and trawling and biogeographical information from other sources was compiled and reviewed. Eight new species of carnivorous sponges are described: Abyssocladia leverhulmei, sp. nov., Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) sarsensis, sp. nov., A. (A.) gemmae, sp. nov., A. (A.) rhaphidiophorus, sp. nov., Asbestopluma (Helophloeina) keraia, sp. nov., Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) saffronae, sp. nov., Cladorhiza scanlonae, sp. nov. and Lycopodina drakensis, sp. nov. Specimens of three previously described species, L. callithrix, L. calyx and A. (A.) bitrichela, were also found. These new records increase the number of known carnivorous sponge species in the Southern Ocean by more than a third. We demonstrate that the Cladorhizidae is the second most species-rich family of Demospongiae in the Southern Ocean and many of its species are highly endemic, with 70% found only in this region. Southern Ocean species represent close to 20% of all known carnivorous sponges. This study highlights the importance of seamount and bathyal benthic habitats for supporting the rich and endemic carnivorous sponge fauna of the Southern Ocean.
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Illuminati S, Annibaldi A, Truzzi C, Scarponi G. Heavy metal distribution in organic and siliceous marine sponge tissues measured by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 111:476-482. [PMID: 27389453 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
May sponge spicules represent a "tank" to accumulate heavy metals? In this study we test this hypothesis determining the distribution of Cd, Pb and Cu concentrations between organic and siliceous tissues in Antarctic Demospongia (Sphaerotylus antarcticus, Kirkpatrikia coulmani and Haliclona sp.) and in the Mediterranean species Petrosia ficiformis. Results show that although, in these sponges, spicules represent about 80% of the mass content, the accumulation of pollutant is lower in the spicules than in the corresponding organic fraction. The contribution of tissues to the total sponge content of Cd, Pb and Cu is respectively 99%, 82% and 97% for Antarctic sponges and 96%, 95% and 96% for P. ficiformis, similar in polar and temperate organisms. These results pave the way to a better understanding of the role of marine sponges in uptaking heavy metals and to their possible use as monitor of marine ecosystems, recommend by the Water Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Illuminati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - A Annibaldi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - C Truzzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - G Scarponi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Carella M, Agell G, Cárdenas P, Uriz MJ. Phylogenetic Reassessment of Antarctic Tetillidae (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida) Reveals New Genera and Genetic Similarity among Morphologically Distinct Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160718. [PMID: 27557130 PMCID: PMC4996456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Tetillidae are distributed worldwide. However, some genera are unresolved and only a few genera and species of this family have been described from the Antarctic. The incorporation of 25 new COI and 18S sequences of Antarctic Tetillidae to those used recently for assessing the genera phylogeny, has allowed us to improve the resolution of some poorly resolved nodes and to confirm the monophyly of previously identified clades. Classical genera such as Craniella recovered their traditional diagnosis by moving the Antarctic Tetilla from Craniella, where they were placed in the previous family phylogeny, to Antarctotetilla gen. nov. The morphological re-examination of specimens used in the previous phylogeny and their comparison to the type material revealed misidentifications. The proposed monotypic new genus Levantinella had uncertain phylogenetic relationships depending on the gene partition used. Two more clades would require the inclusion of additional species to be formally established as new genera. The parsimony tree based on morphological characters and the secondary structure of the 18S (V4 region) almost completely matched the COI M1-M6 and the COI+18S concatenated phylogenies. Morphological synapomorphies have been identified for the genera proposed. New 15 28S (D3-D5) and 11 COI I3-M11 partitions were exclusively sequenced for the Antarctic species subset. Remarkably, species within the Antarctic genera Cinachyra (C. barbata and C. antarctica) and Antarctotetilla (A. leptoderma, A. grandis, and A. sagitta), which are clearly distinguishable morphologically, were not genetically differentiated with any of the markers assayed. Thus, as it has been reported for other Antarctic sponges, both the mitochondrial and nuclear partitions used did not differentiate species that were well characterized morphologically. Antarctic Tetillidae offers a rare example of genetically cryptic (with the traditional markers used for sponges), morphologically distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Carella
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain
| | - Gemma Agell
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7208 “BOrEA”, Paris, France
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, BioMedical Centre, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J. Uriz
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain
- * E-mail:
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González-Wevar CA, Hüne M, Rosenfeld S, Saucède T, Féral JP, Mansilla A, Poulin E. Patterns of genetic diversity and structure in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2016.1181573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A. González-Wevar
- GAIA Antártica/Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ictiológica, Pedro de Valdivia 2086, Departamento 406, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- GAIA Antártica/Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6282, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Féral
- Institut Méditerrané de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix Marseille Université-CNR-IRD-Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, XII Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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Rogers AD, Yesson C, Gravestock P. A Biophysical and Economic Profile of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands as Potential Large-Scale Antarctic Protected Areas. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2015; 70:1-286. [PMID: 26296718 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current hiatus in the establishment of a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Antarctic means that other routes to conservation are required. The protection of overseas territories in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic represents one way to advance the initiation of such a network. This review of the physical and biological features of the United Kingdom (U.K.) overseas territories of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is undertaken to estimate the importance of the islands in terms of marine conservation in the Southern Ocean and globally. The economy and management of SGSSI are also analysed, and the question of whether the islands already have sufficient protection to constitute part of an Antarctic network of MPAs is assessed. The SGSSI comprise unique geological and physical features, a diverse marine biota, including a significant proportion of endemic species and globally important breeding populations of marine predators. Regardless of past exploitation of biotic resources, such as seals, whales and finfish, SGSSI would make a significant contribution to biological diversity in an Antarctic network of MPAs. At present, conservation measures do not adequately protect all of the biological features that render the islands so important in terms of conservation at a regional and global level. However, a general lack of data on Antarctic marine ecosystems (particularly needed for SGSSSI) makes it difficult to assess this fully. One barrier to achieving more complete protection is the continuing emphasis on fishing effort in these waters by U.K. government. Other non-U.K. Antarctic overseas territories of conservation importance are also compromised as MPAs because of the exploitation of fisheries resources in their waters. The possible non-use values of SGSSI as well as the importance of ecosystem services that are indirectly used by people are outlined in this review. Technology is improving the potential for management of remote MPAs, particularly in the context of incursion by illegal fishing activities and use of satellite surveillance for enforcement of fisheries and conservation regulations. The conflict between commercial exploitation and conservation of Antarctic marine living resources is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Rogers
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher Yesson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
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Vargas S, Kelly M, Schnabel K, Mills S, Bowden D, Wörheide G. Diversity in a Cold Hot-Spot: DNA-Barcoding Reveals Patterns of Evolution among Antarctic Demosponges (Class Demospongiae, Phylum Porifera). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127573. [PMID: 26091103 PMCID: PMC4474727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The approximately 350 demosponge species that have been described from Antarctica represent a faunistic component distinct from that of neighboring regions. Sponges provide structure to the Antarctic benthos and refuge to other invertebrates, and can be dominant in some communities. Despite the importance of sponges in the Antarctic subtidal environment, sponge DNA barcodes are scarce but can provide insight into the evolutionary relationships of this unique biogeographic province. Methodology/Principal Findings We sequenced the standard barcoding COI region for a comprehensive selection of sponges collected during expeditions to the Ross Sea region in 2004 and 2008, and produced DNA-barcodes for 53 demosponge species covering about 60% of the species collected. The Antarctic sponge communities are phylogenetically diverse, matching the diversity of well-sampled sponge communities in the Lusitanic and Mediterranean marine provinces in the Temperate Northern Atlantic for which molecular data are readily available. Additionally, DNA-barcoding revealed levels of in situ molecular evolution comparable to those present among Caribbean sponges. DNA-barcoding using the Segregating Sites Algorithm correctly assigned approximately 54% of the barcoded species to the morphologically determined species. Conclusion/Significance A barcode library for Antarctic sponges was assembled and used to advance the systematic and evolutionary research of Antarctic sponges. We provide insights on the evolutionary forces shaping Antarctica's diverse sponge communities, and a barcode library against which future sequence data from other regions or depth strata of Antarctica can be compared. The opportunity for rapid taxonomic identification of sponge collections for ecological research is now at the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vargas
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, D-80333, München, Germany
| | - Michelle Kelly
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 99940, Newmarket, Auckland, 1149, New Zealand
| | - Kareen Schnabel
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sadie Mills
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David Bowden
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, D-80333, München, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, D-80333, München, Germany
- Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, D-80333, München, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Testing the enemies hypothesis in peach orchards in two different geographic areas in eastern China: the role of ground cover vegetation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99850. [PMID: 24963719 PMCID: PMC4070891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have supported the enemies hypothesis, which suggests that natural enemies are more efficient at controlling arthropod pests in polyculture than in monoculture agro-ecosystems. However, we do not yet have evidence as to whether this hypothesis holds true in peach orchards over several geographic locations. In the two different geographic areas in eastern China (Xinchang a town in the Shanghai municipality, and Hudai, a town in Jiangsu Province) during a continuous three-year (2010–2012) investigation, we sampled arthropod pests and predators in Trifolium repens L. and in tree canopies of peach orchards with and without the ground cover plant T. repens. No significant differences were found in the abundances of the main groups of arthropod pests and predators in T. repens between Hudai and Xinchang. The abundance, richness, Simpson's index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Pielou evenness index of canopy predators in ground cover areas increased by 85.5, 27.5, 3.5, 16.7, and 7.9% in Xinchang, and by 87.0, 27.6, 3.5, 17.0 and 8.0% in Hudai compared to those in the controls, respectively. The average abundance of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, true bugs and Acarina canopy pests in ground cover areas decreased by 9.2, 10.2, 17.2, 19.5 and 14.1% in Xinchang, and decreased by 9.5, 8.2, 16.8, 20.1 and 16.6% in Hudai compared to that in control areas, respectively. Our study also found a higher density of arthropod species resources in T. repens, as some omnivorous pests and predators residing in T. repens could move between the ground cover and the orchard canopy. In conclusion, ground cover in peach orchards supported the enemies hypothesis, as indicated by the fact that ground cover T. repens promoted the abundance and diversity of predators and reduced the number of arthropod pests in tree canopies in both geographical areas.
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Rios P, Cristobo J. Antarctic Porifera database from the Spanish benthic expeditions. Zookeys 2014:1-10. [PMID: 24843257 PMCID: PMC4023264 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.401.5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE SPONGES IN THIS DATASET IS DERIVED FROM THE SAMPLES COLLECTED DURING FIVE SPANISH ANTARCTIC EXPEDITIONS: Bentart 94, Bentart 95, Gebrap 96, Ciemar 99/00 and Bentart 2003. Samples were collected in the Antarctic Peninsula and Bellingshausen Sea at depths ranging from 4 to 2044 m using various sampling gears. The Antarctic Porifera database from the Spanish benthic expeditions is unique as it provides information for an under-explored region of the Southern Ocean (Bellingshausen Sea). It fills an information gap on Antarctic deep-sea sponges, for which there were previously very few data. This phylum is an important part of the Antarctic biota and plays a key role in the structure of the Antarctic marine benthic community due to its considerable diversity and predominance in different areas. It is often a dominant component of Southern Ocean benthic communities. The quality of the data was controlled very thoroughly with GPS systems onboard the R/V Hesperides and by checking the data against the World Porifera Database (which is part of the World Register of Marine Species, WoRMS). The data are therefore fit for completing checklists, inclusion in biodiversity pattern analysis and niche modelling. The authors can be contacted if any additional information is needed before carrying out detailed biodiversity or biogeographic studies. The dataset currently contains 767 occurrence data items that have been checked for systematic reliability. This database is not yet complete and the collection is growing. Specimens are stored in the author's collection at the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) in the city of Gijón (Spain). The data are available in GBIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rios
- Instituto Español de Oceanografia (Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón), Avda. Principe de Asturias 70bis, 33212, Gijon, Spain
| | - Javier Cristobo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografia (Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón), Avda. Principe de Asturias 70bis, 33212, Gijon, Spain
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Martín-Ledo R, López-González PJ. Brittle stars from Southern Ocean (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Griffiths HJ, Whittle RJ, Roberts SJ, Belchier M, Linse K. Antarctic crabs: invasion or endurance? PLoS One 2013; 8:e66981. [PMID: 23843974 PMCID: PMC3700924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific interest following the "discovery" of lithodid crabs around Antarctica has centred on a hypothesis that these crabs might be poised to invade the Antarctic shelf if the recent warming trend continues, potentially decimating its native fauna. This "invasion hypothesis" suggests that decapod crabs were driven out of Antarctica 40-15 million years ago and are only now returning as "warm" enough habitats become available. The hypothesis is based on a geographically and spatially poor fossil record of a different group of crabs (Brachyura), and examination of relatively few Recent lithodid samples from the Antarctic slope. In this paper, we examine the existing lithodid fossil record and present the distribution and biogeographic patterns derived from over 16,000 records of Recent Southern Hemisphere crabs and lobsters. Globally, the lithodid fossil record consists of only two known specimens, neither of which comes from the Antarctic. Recent records show that 22 species of crabs and lobsters have been reported from the Southern Ocean, with 12 species found south of 60 °S. All are restricted to waters warmer than 0 °C, with their Antarctic distribution limited to the areas of seafloor dominated by Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). Currently, CDW extends further and shallower onto the West Antarctic shelf than the known distribution ranges of most lithodid species examined. Geological evidence suggests that West Antarctic shelf could have been available for colonisation during the last 9,000 years. Distribution patterns, species richness, and levels of endemism all suggest that, rather than becoming extinct and recently re-invading from outside Antarctica, the lithodid crabs have likely persisted, and even radiated, on or near to Antarctic slope. We conclude there is no evidence for a modern-day "crab invasion". We recommend a repeated targeted lithodid sampling program along the West Antarctic shelf to fully test the validity of the "invasion hypothesis".
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