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Lizbeth RSG, Jazmín GM, José CB, Marlet MA. Immunoinformatics study to search epitopes of spike glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 as potential vaccine. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:4878-4892. [PMID: 32583729 PMCID: PMC7332869 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1780944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease named COVID-19 is caused by the virus reported in 2019 first identified in China. The cases of this disease have increased and as of June 1st, 2020 there are more than 216 countries affected. Pharmacological treatments have been proposed based on the resemblance of the HIV virus. With regard to prevention there is no vaccine, thus, we proposed to explore the spike protein due to its presence on the viral surface, and it also contains the putative viral entry receptor as well as the fusion peptide (important in the genome release). In this work we have employed In Silico techniques such as immunoinformatics tools which permit the identification of potential immunogenic regions on the viral surface (spike glycoprotein). From these analyses, we identified four epitopes E332-370, E627-651, E440-464 and E694-715 that accomplish essential features such as promiscuity, conservation grade, exposure and universality, and they also form stable complexes with MHCII molecule. We suggest that these epitopes could generate a specific immune response, and thus, they could be used for future applications such as the design of new epitope vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramírez-Salinas Gema Lizbeth
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - García-Machorro Jazmín
- Laboratorio de medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Correa-Basurto José
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Martínez-Archundia Marlet
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
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2
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Snelgrove SL, Abeynaike LD, Thevalingam S, Deane JA, Hickey MJ. Regulatory T Cell Transmigration and Intravascular Migration Undergo Mechanistically Distinct Regulation at Different Phases of the Inflammatory Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2850-2861. [PMID: 31653684 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles in limiting inflammatory responses in the periphery. During these responses, Treg abundance in affected organs increases and interfering with their recruitment results in exacerbation of inflammation. However, the mechanisms whereby Tregs enter the skin remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to use intravital microscopy to investigate adhesion and transmigration of Tregs in the dermal microvasculature in a two-challenge model of contact sensitivity. Using intravital confocal microscopy of Foxp3-GFP mice, we visualized endogenous Tregs and assessed their interactions in the dermal microvasculature. Four hours after hapten challenge, Tregs underwent adhesion with ∼25% of these cells proceeding to transmigration, a process dependent on CCR4. At 24 h, Tregs adhered but no longer underwent transmigration, instead remaining in prolonged contact with the endothelium, migrating over the endothelial surface. Four hours after a second challenge, Treg transmigration was restored, although in this case transmigration was CCR4 independent, instead involving the CCR6/CCL20 pathway. Notably, at 24 h but not 4 h after challenge, endothelial cells expressed MHC class II (MHC II). Moreover, at this time of peak MHC II expression, inhibition of MHC II reduced Treg adhesion, demonstrating an unexpected role for MHC II in Treg attachment to the endothelium. Together these data show that Treg adhesion and transmigration can be driven by different molecular mechanisms at different stages of an Ag-driven inflammatory response. In addition, Tregs can undergo prolonged migration on the inflamed endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Snelgrove
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Latasha D Abeynaike
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Sukarnan Thevalingam
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - James A Deane
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; and.,Monash University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;
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3
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A dendritic cell-based systemic vaccine induces long-lived lung-resident memory Th17 cells and ameliorates pulmonary mycosis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:265-276. [PMID: 30279512 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) are a novel nonvascular memory T cell subset. Although CD8+ TRMs are well-characterized, CD4+ TRMs-especially lung-resident memory Th17 cells-are still being defined. In this study, we characterized lung-resident memory Th17 cells (lung TRM17) and their role in protection against the highly virulent fungus Cryptococcus gattii. We found that intravenously transferred DCs preferentially migrated to lungs and attracted recipient DCs and led to the induction of long-lived Th17 cells expressing characteristic markers. This population could be clearly discriminated from circulating T cells by intravascular staining and was not depleted by the immunosuppressive agent FTY720. The C. gattii antigen re-stimulation assay revealed that vaccine-induced lung Th17 cells produced IL-17A but not IFNγ. The DC vaccine significantly increased IL-17A production and suppressed fungal burden in the lungs and improved the survival of mice infected with C. gattii. This protective effect was significantly reduced in the IL-17A knockout (KO) mice, but not in the FTY720-treated mice. The protective effect also coincided with the activation of neutrophils and multinucleated giant cells, and these inflammatory responses were suppressed in the vaccinated IL-17A KO mice. Overall, these data demonstrated that the systemic DC vaccine induced lung TRM17, which played a substantial role in anti-fungal immunity.
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4
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Pemmari A, Leppänen T, Paukkeri EL, Scotece M, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E. Attenuating Effects of Nortrachelogenin on IL-4 and IL-13 Induced Alternative Macrophage Activation and on Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13405-13413. [PMID: 30458613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alternative macrophage activation contributes to fibrosis. We studied the effects of nortrachelogenin, the major lignan component of Pinus sylvestris knot extract, on alternative (M2) macrophage activation. J774 murine and THP-1 human macrophages were cultured with IL-4+IL-13 to induce alternative activation, together with the extract and its components. Effects of nortrachelogenin were also studied in bleomycin-induced murine dermal fibrosis model. Knot extract significantly decreased the expression of alternative activation markers-arginase 1 in murine macrophages (97.4 ± 1.3% inhibition at 30 μg/mL) and CCL13 and PDGF in human macrophages-as did nortrachelogenin (94.9 ± 2.4% inhibition of arginase 1 at 10 μM). Nortrachelogenin also decreased PPARγ expression but had no effect on STAT6 phosphorylation. In vivo, nortrachelogenin reduced bleomycin-induced increase in skin thickness as well as the expression of collagens COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL3A1 (all by >50%). In conclusion, nortrachelogenin suppressed IL-4+IL-13-induced alternative macrophage activation and ameliorated bleomycin-induced fibrosis, indicating therapeutic potential in fibrosing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Pemmari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Erja-Leena Paukkeri
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Morena Scotece
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
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5
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Li W, Gauthier JM, Higashikubo R, Hsiao HM, Tanaka S, Vuong L, Ritter JH, Tong AY, Wong BW, Hachem RR, Puri V, Bharat A, Krupnick AS, Hsieh CS, Baldwin WM, Kelly FL, Palmer SM, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue-resident Foxp3+ T lymphocytes prevent antibody-mediated lung rejection. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:556-568. [PMID: 30561386 DOI: 10.1172/jci122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a principal cause of acute and chronic failure of lung allografts. However, mechanisms mediating this oftentimes fatal complication are poorly understood. Here, we show that Foxp3+ T cells formed aggregates in rejection-free human lung grafts and accumulated within induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of tolerant mouse lungs. Using a retransplantation model, we show that selective depletion of graft-resident Foxp3+ T lymphocytes resulted in the generation of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and AMR, which was associated with complement deposition and destruction of airway epithelium. AMR was dependent on graft infiltration by B and T cells. Depletion of graft-resident Foxp3+ T lymphocytes resulted in prolonged interactions between B and CD4+ T cells within transplanted lungs, which was dependent on CXCR5-CXCL13. Blockade of CXCL13 as well as inhibition of the CD40 ligand and the ICOS ligand suppressed DSA production and prevented AMR. Thus, we have shown that regulatory Foxp3+ T cells residing within BALT of tolerant pulmonary allografts function to suppress B cell activation, a finding that challenges the prevailing view that regulation of humoral responses occurs peripherally. As pulmonary AMR is largely refractory to current immunosuppression, our findings provide a platform for developing therapies that target local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramsey R Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander S Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chyi S Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Francine L Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott M Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, and
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, and
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6
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Lees JR. Targeting antigen presentation in autoimmunity. Cell Immunol 2018; 339:4-9. [PMID: 30554782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous group of disorders that together represent an enormous societal and medical problem. CD4+ T cells have critical roles in the initiation and pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. As such, modulation of T cell activity has proven to have significant therapeutic effects in multiple autoimmune settings. T cell activation is a complex process with multiple potential therapeutic targets, many of which have been successfully utilized to treat human disease. Current pharmacological treatment largely targets T cell intrinsic activities as a means of treating various autoimmune disorders. Here I review extant and potential therapeutic approaches that instead specifically target antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells as a critical checkpoint in autoimmune responses. In addition, the contribution of antigen modulation components in current therapeutic approaches is considered along with the impact of new antigen targeted treatment modalities. Finally, potential challenges are considered in the context of the potential for antigen specific targeting of the antigen presentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Lees
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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7
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Yamada Y, Brüstle K, Jungraithmayr W. T Helper Cell Subsets in Experimental Lung Allograft Rejection. J Surg Res 2018; 233:74-81. [PMID: 30502290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lung transplantation has evolved to an established treatment for pulmonary diseases in their end stages; however, the long-term outcome is worse when compared to all other solid transplantable organs. The major reason for this unfavorable outcome is rejection, either in its acute or chronic form, the latter termed as chronic lung allograft dysfunction. METHODS A systematic review search was performed. RESULTS One of the most important immune cells responsible for rejection are T cells. Beside alloreactive CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells play a key role during the evolvement of allograft rejection. Certain subsets of these allograft CD4+ T cells have been identified which have been shown to exert either transplant-protective or transplant-injuring properties. These effects have been proven in various experimental models, mainly in rats and mice, and allowed for the gain of important insights into these proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics including their targetability: while the subsets Th1, Th17, Th22, and Tfh cells have been shown to act in a rather proinflammatory way, Tregs, Th2, and Th9 subsets exert anti-inflammatory effects. Chronic airway obstruction is mainly induced by IL17 as shown across models. CONCLUSIONS This review shall summarize and provide an overview of the current evidence about the role and effects of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory CD4-+ T helper cell subsets during lung allograft rejection in experimental rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karina Brüstle
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Brandenburg Medical School, Neurupppin, Germany.
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8
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Li W, Luehmann HP, Hsiao HM, Tanaka S, Higashikubo R, Gauthier JM, Sultan D, Lavine KJ, Brody SL, Gelman AE, Gropler RJ, Liu Y, Kreisel D. Visualization of Monocytic Cells in Regressing Atherosclerotic Plaques by Intravital 2-Photon and Positron Emission Tomography-Based Imaging-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1030-1036. [PMID: 29567678 PMCID: PMC5920767 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic arch transplants have advanced our understanding of processes that contribute to progression and regression of atherosclerotic plaques. To characterize the dynamic behavior of monocytes and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques over time, we developed a new model of cervical aortic arch transplantation in mice that is amenable to intravital imaging. APPROACH AND RESULTS Vascularized aortic arch grafts were transplanted heterotropically to the right carotid arteries of recipient mice using microsurgical suture techniques. To image immune cells in atherosclerotic lesions during regression, plaque-bearing aortic arch grafts from B6 ApoE-deficient donors were transplanted into syngeneic CX3CR1 GFP reporter mice. Grafts were evaluated histologically, and monocytic cells in atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient grafts were imaged intravitally by 2-photon microscopy in serial fashion. In complementary experiments, CCR2+ cells in plaques were serially imaged by positron emission tomography using specific molecular probes. Plaques in ApoE-deficient grafts underwent regression after transplantation into normolipidemic hosts. Intravital imaging revealed clusters of largely immotile CX3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages in regressing plaques that had been recruited from the periphery. We observed a progressive decrease in CX3CR1+ monocytic cells in regressing plaques and a decrease in CCR2+ positron emission tomography signal during 4 months. CONCLUSIONS Cervical transplantation of atherosclerotic mouse aortic arches represents a novel experimental tool to investigate cellular mechanisms that contribute to the remodeling of atherosclerotic plaques.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/transplantation
- Aortic Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Intravital Microscopy/methods
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | | | - Hsi-Min Hsiao
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | - Satona Tanaka
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | - Ryuji Higashikubo
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | - Jason M Gauthier
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (A.E.G., D.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology (H.P.L., D.S., R.J.G., Y.L.)
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (A.E.G., D.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
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9
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Nayak DK, Zhou F, Xu M, Huang J, Tsuji M, Yu J, Hachem R, Gelman AE, Bremner RM, Smith MA, Mohanakumar T. Zbtb7a induction in alveolar macrophages is implicated in anti-HLA-mediated lung allograft rejection. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/398/eaal1243. [PMID: 28701473 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rejection significantly limits long-term success of solid organ transplantation. De novo donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) to mismatched donor human leukocyte antigen after human lung transplantation predispose lung grafts to chronic rejection. We sought to delineate mediators and mechanisms of DSA pathogenesis and to define early inflammatory events that trigger chronic rejection in lung transplant recipients and obliterative airway disease, a correlate of human chronic rejection, in mouse. Induction of transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain containing protein 7a (Zbtb7a) was an early response critical in the DSA-induced chronic rejection. A cohort of human lung transplant recipients who developed DSA and chronic rejection demonstrated greater Zbtb7a expression long before clinical diagnosis of chronic rejection compared to nonrejecting lung transplant recipients with stable pulmonary function. Expression of DSA-induced Zbtb7a was restricted to alveolar macrophages (AMs), and selective disruption of Zbtb7a in AMs resulted in less bronchiolar occlusion, low immune responses to lung-restricted self-antigens, and high protection from chronic rejection in mice. Additionally, in an allogeneic cell transfer protocol, antigen presentation by AMs was Zbtb7a-dependent where AMs deficient in Zbtb7a failed to induce antibody and T cell responses. Collectively, we demonstrate that AMs play an essential role in antibody-induced pathogenesis of chronic rejection by regulating early inflammation and lung-restricted humoral and cellular autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Nayak
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| | - Fangyu Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ramsey Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ross M Bremner
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Michael A Smith
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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10
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Chronic Airway Fibrosis in Orthotopic Mouse Lung Transplantation Models—An Experimental Reappraisal. Transplantation 2018; 102:e49-e58. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Lama VN, Belperio JA, Christie JD, El-Chemaly S, Fishbein MC, Gelman AE, Hancock WW, Keshavjee S, Kreisel D, Laubach VE, Looney MR, McDyer JF, Mohanakumar T, Shilling RA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Wilkes DS, Eu JP, Nicolls MR. Models of Lung Transplant Research: a consensus statement from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93121. [PMID: 28469087 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation, a cure for a number of end-stage lung diseases, continues to have the worst long-term outcomes when compared with other solid organ transplants. Preclinical modeling of the most common and serious lung transplantation complications are essential to better understand and mitigate the pathophysiological processes that lead to these complications. Various animal and in vitro models of lung transplant complications now exist and each of these models has unique strengths. However, significant issues, such as the required technical expertise as well as the robustness and clinical usefulness of these models, remain to be overcome or clarified. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened a workshop in March 2016 to review the state of preclinical science addressing the three most important complications of lung transplantation: primary graft dysfunction (PGD), acute rejection (AR), and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). In addition, the participants of the workshop were tasked to make consensus recommendations on the best use of these complimentary models to close our knowledge gaps in PGD, AR, and CLAD. Their reviews and recommendations are summarized in this report. Furthermore, the participants outlined opportunities to collaborate and directions to accelerate research using these preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha N Lama
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John A Belperio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason D Christie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John F McDyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Rebecca A Shilling
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David S Wilkes
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jerry P Eu
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Nayak DK, Saravanan PB, Bansal S, Naziruddin B, Mohanakumar T. Autologous and Allogenous Antibodies in Lung and Islet Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:650. [PMID: 28066448 PMCID: PMC5179571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of organ transplantation has undoubtedly made great strides in recent years. Despite the advances in donor-recipient histocompatibility testing, improvement in transplantation procedures, and development of aggressive immunosuppressive regimens, graft-directed immune responses still pose a major problem to the long-term success of organ transplantation. Elicitation of immune responses detected as antibodies to mismatched donor antigens (alloantibodies) and tissue-restricted self-antigens (autoantibodies) are two major risk factors for the development of graft rejection that ultimately lead to graft failure. In this review, we describe current understanding on genesis and pathogenesis of antibodies in two important clinical scenarios: lung transplantation and transplantation of islet of Langerhans. It is evident that when compared to any other clinical solid organ or cellular transplant, lung and islet transplants are more susceptible to rejection by combination of allo- and autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Nayak
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | | | - Sandhya Bansal
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix, AZ , USA
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Bharat A, Chiu S, Zheng Z, Sun H, Yeldandi A, DeCamp MM, Perlman H, Budinger GRS, Mohanakumar T. Lung-Restricted Antibodies Mediate Primary Graft Dysfunction and Prevent Allotolerance after Murine Lung Transplantation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:532-541. [PMID: 27144500 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0077oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over one-third of lung recipients have preexisting antibodies against lung-restricted antigens: collagen (Col) type V and K-α1 tubulin (KAT). Although clinical studies have shown association of these antibodies with primary graft dysfunction (PGD), their biological significance remains unclear. We tested whether preexisting lung-restricted antibodies can mediate PGD and prevent allotolerance. A murine syngeneic (C57BL/6) or allogeneic (C57BL/6 to BALB/c) left lung transplantation model was used. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were produced against KAT and Col-V and injected pretransplantation. T cell frequency was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunospot, whereas alloantibodies were determined using flow cytometry. Wet:dry ratio, arterial oxygenation, and histology were used to determine PGD. Preexisting Col-V or KAT, but not isotype control, antibodies lead to dose-dependent development of PGD after syngeneic lung transplantation, as evidenced by poor oxygenation and increased wet:dry ratio. Histology confirmed alveolar and capillary edema. The native right lung remained unaffected. Epitope spreading was observed where KAT antibody treatment led to the development of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells and humoral response against Col-V, or vice versa. In contrast, isotype control antibody failed to induce Col-V- or KAT-specific cellular or humoral immunity. In addition, none of the mice developed immunity against a non-lung antigen, collagen type II. Preexisting lung-restricted antibodies, but not isotype control, prevented development of allotolerance using the MHC-related 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4-Ig regimen. Lung-restricted antibodies can induce both early and delayed lung graft dysfunction. These antibodies can also cause spreading of lung-restricted immunity and promote alloimmunity. Antibody-directed therapy to treat preexisting lung-restricted antibodies might reduce PGD after lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Harris Perlman
- 3 Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- 3 Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Nayak DK, Zhou F, Xu M, Huang J, Tsuji M, Hachem R, Mohanakumar T. Long-Term Persistence of Donor Alveolar Macrophages in Human Lung Transplant Recipients That Influences Donor-Specific Immune Responses. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2300-11. [PMID: 27062199 PMCID: PMC5289407 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state alveolar macrophages (AMs) are long-lived lung-resident macrophages with sentinel function. Evidence suggests that AM precursors originate during embryogenesis and populate lungs without replenishment by circulating leukocytes. However, their presence and persistence are unclear following human lung transplantation (LTx). Our goal was to examine donor AM longevity and evaluate whether AMs of recipient origin seed the transplanted lungs. Origin of AMs was accessed using donor-recipient HLA mismatches. We demonstrate that 94-100% of AMs present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were donor derived and, importantly, AMs of recipient origin were not detected. Further, analysis of BAL cells up to 3.5 years post-LTx revealed that the majority of AMs (>87%) was donor derived. Elicitation of de novo donor-specific antibody (DSA) is a major post-LTx complication and a risk factor for development of chronic rejection. The donor AMs responded to anti-HLA framework antibody (Ab) with secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Further, in an experimental murine model, we demonstrate that adoptive transfer of allogeneic AMs stimulated humoral and cellular immune responses to alloantigen and lung-associated self-antigens and led to bronchiolar obstruction. Therefore, donor-derived AMs play an essential role in the DSA-induced inflammatory cascade leading to obliterative airway disease of the transplanted lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Nayak
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - F Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - M Xu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - J Huang
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - M Tsuji
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - R Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - T Mohanakumar
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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Levine DJ, Glanville AR, Aboyoun C, Belperio J, Benden C, Berry GJ, Hachem R, Hayes D, Neil D, Reinsmoen NL, Snyder LD, Sweet S, Tyan D, Verleden G, Westall G, Yusen RD, Zamora M, Zeevi A. Antibody-mediated rejection of the lung: A consensus report of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:397-406. [PMID: 27044531 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a recognized cause of allograft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. Unlike AMR in other solid-organ transplant recipients, there are no standardized diagnostic criteria or an agreed-upon definition. Hence, a working group was created by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation with the aim of determining criteria for pulmonary AMR and establishing a definition. Diagnostic criteria and a working consensus definition were established. Key diagnostic criteria include the presence of antibodies directed toward donor human leukocyte antigens and characteristic lung histology with or without evidence of complement 4d within the graft. Exclusion of other causes of allograft dysfunction increases confidence in the diagnosis but is not essential. Pulmonary AMR may be clinical (allograft dysfunction which can be asymptomatic) or sub-clinical (normal allograft function). This consensus definition will have clinical, therapeutic and research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Levine
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Allan R Glanville
- The Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Christina Aboyoun
- The Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Belperio
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christian Benden
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Division of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ramsey Hachem
- Division of Pulmonology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Don Hayes
- Department of Pulmonology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Desley Neil
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nancy L Reinsmoen
- Department of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laurie D Snyder
- Department of Pulmonology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stuart Sweet
- Division of Pulmonology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dolly Tyan
- Division of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Geert Verleden
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glen Westall
- Department of Pulmonology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger D Yusen
- Division of Pulmonology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Martin Zamora
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Adriana Zeevi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennyslvania, USA
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Xu Z, Nayak DK, Benshoff N, Hachem R, Gelman AE, Mohanakumar T. De novo-developed antibodies to donor MHC antigens lead to dysregulation of microRNAs and induction of MHC class II. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:6133-43. [PMID: 25941328 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to HLA and development of anti-donor HLA (DSA) were shown to play a role in chronic rejection following transplantation. We hypothesized that Abs to MHC change microRNAs (miRNAs), leading to chronic lung allograft rejection. Microarray analysis was performed in a murine model of anti-MHC-induced obliterative airway disease (OAD), a correlate of obliterative bronchiolitis. A unique profile of dysregulated miRNAs was detected in OAD mice on days 7 and 15 after Ab administration compared with control. Sixty-seven miRNAs were increased and 42 miRNAs were decreased in OAD mice on day 7. In addition, 15 miRNAs were overexpressed and 16 miRNAs were underexpressed in OAD mice on day 15. The expression of miR-16 and miR-195 was significantly decreased in lungs of OAD mice, as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, with increases in H-2 Aa and H-2 Dma mRNA levels. Significant reductions in miR-16 and miR-195 levels were also noted in lung transplant (LTx) patients with DSA compared with LTx patients without DSA. Bioinformatic TargetScan and reporter assays identified the binding of miR-16 and miR-195 to the 3'-untranslated region of regulatory factor X 5. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry indicated posttranscriptional increases in regulatory factor X 5 mRNA and protein expression in OAD mice, as well as in LTx recipients with DSA, which was associated with increased expression of HLA-DPA1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DRA mRNA. Therefore, our results demonstrated that miRNAs induced by alloimmunity may play important roles in chronic rejection after LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Xu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deepak K Nayak
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nicholas Benshoff
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ramsey Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Thalachallour Mohanakumar
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Li R, Xu X, Chen C, Wang Y, Gruzdev A, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. CYP2J2 attenuates metabolic dysfunction in diabetic mice by reducing hepatic inflammation via the PPARγ. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E270-82. [PMID: 25389363 PMCID: PMC4329496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00118.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and arachidonic acid-derived cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase metabolites have diverse biological effects, including anti-inflammatory properties in the vasculature. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation in type 2 diabetes is a key component in the development of insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated whether CYP epoxygenase expression and exogenous EETs can attenuate insulin resistance in diabetic db/db mice and in cultured hepatic cells (HepG2). In vivo, CYP2J2 expression and the accompanying increase in EETs attenuated insulin resistance, as determined by plasma glucose levels, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies. CYP2J2 expression reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in liver, including CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα, and decreased the infiltration of macrophages in liver. CYP2J2 expression also decreased activation of proinflammatory signaling cascades by decreasing NF-κB and MAPK activation in hepatocytes. Interestingly, CYP2J2 expression and exogenous EET treatment increased glucose uptake and activated the insulin-signaling cascade both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that CYP2J2 metabolites play a role in glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, CYP2J2 expression upregulated PPARγ, which has been shown to induce adipogenesis, which attenuates dyslipidemias observed in diabetes. All of the findings suggest that CYP2J2 expression attenuates the diabetic phenotype and insulin resistance via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Chen Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Yan Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
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De novo donor HLA-specific antibodies predict development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33:1273-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Xu J, Wu Y, Wang G, Qin Y, Zhu L, Tang G, Shen Q. Inducible costimulatory molecule deficiency induced imbalance of Treg and Th17/Th2 delays rejection reaction in mice undergoing allogeneic tracheal transplantation. Am J Transl Res 2014; 6:777-785. [PMID: 25628788 PMCID: PMC4297345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS) pathway in the rejection reaction of mice undergoing allogeneic tracheal transplantation. METHODS The bronchus was separated from wide-type (WT) BalB/c mice and transplanted into WT BalB/c mice, C57 mice and icos(-/-) mice to prepare the obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) animal model. The transplanted bronchus was pathologically examined; flow cytometry was done to detect the T cell subsets and activity of the bronchus and spleen of recipient mice. RESULTS 21 d after transplantation, evident rejection reaction was observed and the proportion of Th2 and Th17 cells increased significantly in the bronchus and spleen in C57 mice receiving allogeneic tracheal transplantation when compared with mice with autologous transplantation, but the proportion of Treg cells was comparable between them. When compared with WT BalB/c mice, the proportion of Th2, Th17 and Treg cells reduced markedly and rejection reaction was attenuated in icos(-/-) mice receiving tracheal transplantation, although rejection reaction was still noted. CONCLUSION icos knockout may delay the rejection reaction after tracheal transplantation, which might be ascribed to the imbalance among Th2, Th17 and Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, 94th Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyNanchang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 94th Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyNanchang, China
| | - Guifang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yanghua Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Gusheng Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
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Fretwurst T, Spanou A, Nelson K, Wein M, Steinberg T, Stricker A. Comparison of four different allogeneic bone grafts for alveolar ridge reconstruction: a preliminary histologic and biochemical analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:424-31. [PMID: 25183228 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Allograft material for alveolar ridge reconstruction is quite promising and appears to be as equally successful as bone autograft material. The aim of the present study was to compare four different allogeneic bone grafts in terms of their histologic structure and DNA content before grafting. STUDY DESIGN Four allograft specimens from different suppliers were analyzed histologically, and the DNA content was analyzed before clinical use of the allografts. RESULTS Organic tissue remnants were detected in all of the evaluated samples. In the present samples adipocytes, fibroblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes were identified and DNA isolation and purification was possible. CONCLUSION Demineralized freeze-dried allogeneic bone transplants can stimulate new bone formation and are a viable alternative to bone autograft material. However, the well-tolerated use of allograft material in regard to our findings should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wein
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andres Stricker
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Anti-major histocompatibility complex-induced obliterative airway disease: selective role for CD4 and CD8 T cells in inducing immune responses to self-antigens. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013; 32:714-22. [PMID: 23643508 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to define the role of T-cell sub-sets in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity-induced obliterative airway disease by passive transfer of CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. METHODS Antibodies to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I were administered intrabronchially into C57BL/6 animals. Lungs were analyzed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell sub-sets were purified from the lung-infiltrating cells and intrabronchially transferred. Frequency of cells secreting interleukin-17, interferon-γ, or interleukin-10 to self-antigens was enumerated by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Myeloperoxidase and antibodies to self-antigens were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine and growth factor expression was determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Passive transfer of lung-infiltrating CD8 T cells isolated after anti-MHC class I administration, along with sub-optimal dose, induced significantly higher cellular infiltration (89.3% ± 7.9% vs 62.8% ± 10.1%, p < 0.05) vs the CD4 transfer group. Further, passive transfer of CD8 cells resulted in infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, suggesting early injury response. In contrast, passive transfer of CD4+ T cells induced a significantly higher degree of luminal occlusion (29.3% ± 5.6% vs 8.6 ± 2.5%, p < 0.05) and fibrosis (54.4% ± 9.3% vs 10.2% ± 2.4%, p < 0.05) vs the CD8 group and B-cell infiltration, leading to immune responses to lung-associated self-antigens and fibrosis. CONCLUSION Ligation of MHC molecules by its specific antibodies induced early injury with neutrophils, macrophages, and CD8 T cells, which leads to exposure of cryptic self-antigens and their presentation by the infiltrating CD4+ T cells and B cells, leading to the development of immune responses to self-antigens and culminating in obliterative airway disease.
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