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Liao LM, Gu ZB, Fang M, Yao GJ, Huang L. Overexpression of Karyopherin α2 in small cell carcinoma of the cervix correlates with poor prognosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 15:241-246. [PMID: 35795090 PMCID: PMC9253809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical small cell carcinoma (SCCC) is uncommon and little is known about its molecular markers. Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) has been demonstrated in a variety of malignancies. Our objective was to determine whether the KPNA2 level is predictive of clinical outcome in patients with SCCC. METHODS We detected KPNA2 expression by immunohistochemistry in SCCC tumors from 62 patients. The staining results were evaluated by H-score. The correlation among KPNA2 expression level, clinical characteristics, and prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS KPNA2 expression was detected in tumor tissue from 55 patients with SCCC (55/62, 89%). High KPNA2 expression correlated significantly with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging (P=0.035), tumor size (P=0.019), poorer overall survival (OS) (P=0.008), and poorer disease-free survival (P=0.004) compared to low KPNA2 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that KPNA2 expression level (P=0.037) and tumor size (P=0.046) were independent prognostic factors of OS. CONCLUSIONS KPNA2 may be a molecular marker and indicator of prognosis in SCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Min Liao
- The Second Afiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer ResearchJiangxi, China
| | - Zhen-Bang Gu
- The Second Afiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Medical School of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Ming Fang
- The Second Afiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Yangxin People’s Hospital of Hubei ProvinceChina
| | - Gong-Ji Yao
- The Second Afiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer ResearchJiangxi, China
| | - Long Huang
- The Second Afiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer ResearchJiangxi, China
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2
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Song Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang D. Nomograms to predict the prognosis in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: a large cohort study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:257. [PMID: 35272629 PMCID: PMC8908578 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) are rare gynecologic neoplasms. The use of nomograms that are based on various clinical indicators to predict the prognosis of MOGCTs are currently lacking. Methods Clinical and demographic information of patients with MOGCT recorded between 2004 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, and Cox regression analysis was performed to screen for important independent prognostic factors. Prognostic factors were used to construct predictive calculational charts for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival (OS). The externally validated case cohort included a total of 121 MOGCT patients whose data were recorded from 2008 to 2019 from the database of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Results A total of 1401 patients with MOGCT were recruited for the study. A nomogram was used to forecast the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS using data pertaining to age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, histological subtype and grade, and surgical type. Nomograms have a more accurate predictive ability and clinical utility than FIGO staging alone. Internal and external validation also demonstrated satisfactory consistency between projected and actual OS. Conclusions A nomogram constructed using multiple clinical indicators provided a more accurate prognosis than FIGO staging alone. This nomogram may assist clinicians in identifying patients who are at increased risk, thus implementing individualized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Sun Y, Li W, Li X, Zheng H, Qiu Y, Yang H. Oncogenic role of karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) in human tumors: A pan-cancer analysis. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:104955. [PMID: 34735944 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KPNA2, a nuclear export protein that plays an important role in tumorigenesis, is an emerging hotspot target in oncology. Despite increasing supporting evidence of its importance, no pan-cancer analysis, across multiple databases, is available for in-depth data mining of the gene. METHODS Tumor data from both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were explored to investigate the potential oncogenic roles of KPNA2. Diverse analytical methods were used to gain a full-scale understanding of KPNA2: gene expression, survival situations, genetic mutations, DNA methylation, sites of protein phosphorylation, immunocyte infiltration, and correlative cellular pathways. RESULTS KPNA2 is highly expressed in many cancers, and different correlations exist between KPNA2 expression and prognosis of cancer patients. cBioPortal reported that a nonsense mutation of R285* was considered to be the primary tumorigenic genetic alteration to KPNA2 and was found in cases of LUSC, STAD, and CESC. Enhanced phosphorylation of S62 was found in several cancers and the level of infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts was found to be linearly correlated with KPNA2 expression levels in ACC, BRCA, MESO, TGCT, THCA, and THYM. Correlations between KPNA2 DNA methylation and the pathogenesis of various tumors in TCGA were further identified. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis identified cell cycle, microtubule binding, and tubulin binding functions for KPNA2. CONCLUSION This is the first pan-cancer analysis focusing on KPNA2. It provides a comprehensive understanding about the role of KPNA2 in tumorigenesis and highlights the potential targeted role of KPNA2 for cancer study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Affiliated Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Amy Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Han Y, Wang X. The emerging roles of KPNA2 in cancer. Life Sci 2019; 241:117140. [PMID: 31812670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2, also known as importinα-1), a member of the nuclear transporter family, is involved in the nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway of a variety of tumor-associated proteins. Recent studies have found that KPNA2 is overexpressed in various cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis. In addition, it has been shown to promote tumor formation and progression by participating in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, immune response, and viral infection. It is indicated that KPNA2 also plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors. Herein, we provide an overview of the function and mechanism of KPNA2 in cancer and the prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In the future, KPNA2 provides new ideas for the early diagnosis of malignant tumors, the development of molecularly targeted drugs, and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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5
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Zhou LN, Tan Y, Li P, Zeng P, Chen MB, Tian Y, Zhu YQ. Prognostic value of increased KPNA2 expression in some solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:303-314. [PMID: 27974678 PMCID: PMC5352121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2), a member of the Karyopherin α family, has recently been reported to play an important role in tumor progression. However, the association between KPNA2 expression and prognosis in cancer remains controversial. So we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate whether expression of KPNA2 was associated with prognosis in patients with solid tumor. Methods/Findings 24 published eligible studies, including 6164 cases, were identified and included in this meta-analysis through searching of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. We found that KPNA2 expression was an independent predictor for the prognosis of solid tumor with primary outcome (overall survival [OS]: pooled HR=1.767, 95% CI=1.503-2.077, P<0.001) and secondary outcomes (time to recurrence [TTR], recurrence free survival [RFS] and progression free survival [PFS]). However, the association between KPNA2 overexpression and disease free survival [DFS] in solid tumors was not significant (pooled HR=1.653, 95% CI=0.903-3.029, P=0.104). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that KPNA2 overexpression was associated with poor OS in East-Asian patients and European patients, as well as patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. Conclusion KPNA2 expression may be a useful prognostic biomarker to monitor cancer prognosis. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
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Cheng J, Gao J, Shuai X, Tao K. Oncogenic protein SALL4 and ZNF217 as prognostic indicators in solid cancers: a meta‑analysis of individual studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24314-25. [PMID: 27007163 PMCID: PMC5029703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SALL4 and ZNF217 have been widely acknowledged as pivotal effectors stimulating embryonic immortalization as well as oncogenicity. Nevertheless, their prognostic worthiness towards solid tumors remains obscure. Hence we performed this comprehensive meta-analysis aiming to unveil the survival significance of both aberrantly expressed proteins. RESULTS Overall we included 22 eligible entries comprising of 3093 participants. Over-expression of SALL4 and ZNF217 were negatively correlated with clinical prognosis of 3-year, 5-year, 10-year and disease-free survival in solid malignancies, irrespective of cancer types, source regions, mean-age and sex predominance. Results of sensitivity analysis additionally verified the stability of the pooled outcomes. No publication bias was observed on the basis of Egger's test and Begg's test. METHODS Studies were eventually included via database searching and rigorous eligibility appraisal. Data extraction and methodological assessment were implemented under a standard manner. Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 12.0 were utilized as statistical platforms following the recommendations by Cochrane Collaboration protocols. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant amplification of SALL4 and ZNF217 serve as unfavorable predictors of survival expectancy among cancer sufferers, revealing great potential as targeted spots in future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Shuai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Oncofetal gene SALL4 and prognosis in cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22968-22979. [PMID: 28160555 PMCID: PMC5410278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Spalt-Like Transcription Factor 4 (SALL4) oncogene plays a central function in embryo-fetal development and is absent in differentiated tissues. Evidence suggests that it can be reactivated in several cancers worsening the prognosis. We aimed at investigating the risk associated with SALL4 reactivation for all-cause mortality and recurrence in cancer using the current literature. A PubMed and SCOPUS search until 1st September 2016 was performed, focusing on perspective studies reporting prognostic parameters in cancer data. In addition, 17 datasets of different cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas were considered. A total of 9,947 participants across 40 cohorts, followed-up for about 5 years on average, were analyzed comparing patients showing SALL4 presence (SALL4+, n = 1,811) or absence (SALL4-, n = 8,136). All data were summarised using risk ratios (RRs) for the number of deaths/recurrences and hazard ratios (HRs) for the time-dependent risk related to SALL4+, adjusted for potential confounders. SALL4+ significantly increased overall mortality (RR = 1.34, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.21-1.48, p<0.0001, I2=66%; HR=1.4; 95%CI: 1.19-1.65; p<0.0001; I2=63%) and recurrence of disease (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.1-1.42, p=0.0006, I2=62%); HR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.22-1.89, p=0.0002; I2=69%) compared to SALL4-. Moreover, SALL4 remained significantly associated with poor prognosis even using HRs adjusted for potential confounders (overall mortality: HR=1.4; 95%CI: 1.19-1.65; p<0.0001; I2=63%; recurrence of disease: HR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.22-1.89, p=0.0002; I2=69%). These results suggest that SALL4 expression increases both mortality and recurrence of cancer, confirming this gene as an important prognostic marker and a potential target for personalized medicine.
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8
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Huang L, Zhou Y, Cao XP, Lin JX, Zhang L, Huang ST, Zheng M. KPNA2 is a potential diagnostic serum biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28651492 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317706289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether serum karyopherin alpha 2 levels can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Karyopherin alpha 2 protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from 162 epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients and 48 healthy controls. Serum karyopherin alpha 2 levels in epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls ( p < 0.001). When a karyopherin alpha 2 serum level of 2.52 µg/mL was used as a cut-off, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay for diagnosing epithelial ovarian carcinoma were 71.4% and 81.2%, respectively. High serum karyopherin alpha 2 levels (>485 µg/mL) correlated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage ( p < 0.0001), lymphatic metastasis ( p = 0.045), overall survival ( p = 0.001), and disease-free progression ( p = 0.006). Serum karyopherin alpha 2 represents a potential diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- 1 Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,3 Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- 1 Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,4 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ping Cao
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,4 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,5 Department of Radiation, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xin Lin
- 6 Department of Oncology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- 1 Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,4 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ting Huang
- 1 Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,4 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zheng
- 1 Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,4 Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Shen H, Li L, Wang D, Yang S, Chen X, Zhou S, Zhong S, Zhao J, Tang J. Higher expression of SALL4 predicts poor cancer prognosis: A meta-analysis. Cancer Biomark 2017; 19:365-373. [PMID: 28582841 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Shen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sujin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siying Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Yu L, Wang G, Zhang Q, Gao L, Huang R, Chen Y, Tang Q, Liu J, Liu C, Wang H, Wang X. Karyopherin alpha 2 expression is a novel diagnostic and prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1194-1200. [PMID: 28454233 PMCID: PMC5403343 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in Western countries. CRC treatment is dependent on the preoperative and postoperative condition of patients. At present, the prognostic value of conventional parameters for the estimation of patient prognosis is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) in cancerous and healthy colon tissues and to evaluate the prognostic factors for patients with primary CRC. KPNA2 expression in CRC and paired normal tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, serum KPNA2 expression was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, the association between KPNA2 expression in CRC tissues and patient clinicopathological features was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was utilized to investigate the prognostic value of KPNA2 expression on overall survival rates following radical surgery for the treatment of CRC. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR revealed that KPNA2 expression was significantly increased in CRC tissues compared with paired normal tissues. Serum KPNA2 expression was significantly increased in CRC patients compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, KPNA2 expression was observed to positively correlate with Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, lymph node involvement, tumor differentiation, infiltration depth, lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion, which are factors known to affect the prognosis of CRC patients following surgery. In addition, increased KPNA2 expression was associated with decreased overall survival and disease-free survival rates. Patients not suited for surveillance regimens may be identified at initial biopsy test with a positive KPNA2 immunohistochemistry. Increased serum expression of KPNA2 may be utilized as a diagnostic factor for patients with CRC. High nuclear KPNA2 expression may serve as a novel predictor of survival following radical colorectal surgery in CRC patients. The results of the present study may improve individualized risk stratification, leading to the optimization of therapies for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Oral Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yinggang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qingchao Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chunjia Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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11
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Lin J, Zhang L, Huang H, Huang Y, Huang L, Wang J, Huang S, He L, Zhou Y, Jia W, Yun J, Luo R, Zheng M. MiR-26b/KPNA2 axis inhibits epithelial ovarian carcinoma proliferation and metastasis through downregulating OCT4. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26204489 PMCID: PMC4695152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is a nuclear transport protein upregulated in many cancers. Our previous study has identified KPNA2 overexpression in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) tissues, which predicts poor prognosis. However, the mechanism of KPNA2 overexpression in EOC remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the role of miRNA in KPNA2 dysregulation. Our results showed that miR-26b was downregulated in EOC samples, and correlated inversely with KPNA2 expression. Low expression of miR-26b was associated with advanced FIGO stage, poor differentiation, higher risk of distant metastasis and recurrence. Downregulation of miR-26b predicted poor disease-free survival and overall survival in EOC patients. KPNA2 was validated as a direct target of miR-26b. Knockdown of KPNA2 or ectopic expression of miR-26b could downregulate OCT4, vimentin and upregulate E-cadherin. Reintroduction of KPNA2 partially abrogated the suppression effect induced by miR-26b. We further verified that miR-26b/KPNA2/OCT4 axis inhibited EOC cell viability, migratory ability and sphere-forming capacity in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results reveal that miR-26b is downregulated in EOC, and directly targets KPNA2. miR-26b/KPNA2 axis suppresses tumor proliferation and metastasis through decreasing OCT4 expression, which is indicative of the important role of miR-26b/KPNA2/OCT4 axis in EOC carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Long Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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12
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Gao L, Yu L, Li CM, Li Y, Jia BL, Zhang B. Karyopherin α2 induces apoptosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells through the p53 pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3357-62. [PMID: 27109484 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor onset and progression are associated with dysfunction of the nuclear transport machinery at the level of import and export receptors. However, the role of Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains unknown. We assessed the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of TSCC CAL-27 cells using wound healing, Transwell and MTT assays, western blotting, electron microscopy and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining following knockdown of KPNA2. The results revealed the antiproliferative, proapoptotic and anti-migratory effects of KPNA2 silencing on the TSCC CAL-27 cells. Moreover, the knockdown of KPNA2 proved to be accompanied by the upregulation of active caspase-3, cytochrome c, Bax, Bad and decreased expression of Bcl-2, p-Bad and XIAP. KPNA2 activated the caspase-dependent pathway in the CAL-27 cells with upregulation of p53, p21Cip1/Waf1 and p16INK4a. Thus, the present study demonstrated that p53/p21Cip1/Waf1/p16INK4a may be an important pathway involved in the function of KPNA2 in TSCC CAL-27 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Lin Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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13
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Tatetsu H, Kong NR, Chong G, Amabile G, Tenen DG, Chai L. SALL4, the missing link between stem cells, development and cancer. Gene 2016; 584:111-9. [PMID: 26892498 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence supporting that cancer cells share many similarities with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). For example, aggressive cancers and ESCs share a common gene expression signature that includes hundreds of genes. Since ESC genes are not present in most adult tissues, they could be ideal candidate targets for cancer-specific diagnosis and treatment. This is an exciting cancer-targeting model. The major hurdle to test this model is to identify the key factors/pathway(s) within ESCs that are responsible for the cancer phenotype. SALL4 is one of few genes that can establish this link. The first publication of SALL4 is on its mutation in a human inherited disorder with multiple developmental defects. Since then, over 300 papers have been published on various aspects of this gene in stem cells, development, and cancers. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of SALL4, including a SALL4-based approach to classify and target cancers. Many questions about this important gene still remain unanswered, specifically, on how this gene regulates cell fates at a molecular level. Understanding SALL4's molecular functions will allow development of specific targeted approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro Tatetsu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, New Research Building Room 652D, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nikki R Kong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, New Research Building Room 652D, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gao Chong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, New Research Building Room 652D, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), #12-01, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Center for Life Science Room 437, 3 Blackfan Circle Room 437, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, New Research Building Room 652D, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Su B, Zhao W, Shi B, Zhang Z, Yu X, Xie F, Guo Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Shen Q, Wang J, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhou L. Let-7d suppresses growth, metastasis, and tumor macrophage infiltration in renal cell carcinoma by targeting COL3A1 and CCL7. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:206. [PMID: 25193015 PMCID: PMC4168121 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that are functionally involved in numerous critical cellular processes including tumorigenesis. Data mining using a microRNA array database suggested that let-7d microRNA may be associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) malignant progression. Here, we performed further analyses to determine whether let-7d is functionally linked to RCC malignancy. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the level of mature let-7d in RCC clinical specimens and its correlation with clinicopathological data. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to characterize the stroma of RCC. Let-7d overexpressing RCC cell lines combined with mouse models bearing cell-derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts were used to assess the functional role of let-7d in vitro and in vivo. Results Downregulation of let-7d in clinical RCC samples was associated with advanced tumor grade and T stage and increased vascular invasion. An inverse relationship between let-7d expression and macrophage infiltration was found in clinical RCC samples. Functional studies indicated that ectopic expression of let-7d significantly inhibited RCC cell proliferation, migration, and peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC) recruitment in vitro, as well as tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor macrophage infiltration in vivo. In silico analysis and subsequent experimental validation confirmed collagen, type III, alpha 1 (COL3A1) and C-C subfamily chemokine member CCL7 as direct let-7d target genes. The addition of COL3A1 and CCL7 counteracted the inhibitory effects of let-7d on RCC cell proliferation, migration, and PBMC recruitment. The inhibition of let-7d increased cell proliferation, migration, and PBMC recruitment by the enhanced expression of COL3A1 and CCL7 genes in vitro. The mRNA levels of COL3A1 and CCL7 were inversely correlated with let-7d level in RCC clinical specimens. Conclusions These results suggest that let-7d may suppress RCC growth, metastasis, and tumor macrophage infiltration at least partially through targeting COL3A1 and CCL7. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-206) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital & the Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
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15
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He L, Wang HY, Zhang L, Huang L, Li JD, Xiong Y, Zhang MY, Jia WH, Yun JP, Luo RZ, Zheng M. Prognostic significance of low DICER expression regulated by miR-130a in cervical cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1205. [PMID: 24787017 PMCID: PMC4047899 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dicer is crucial for the maturation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and its dysregulation may contribute to tumor initiation and progression. The study explored the clinical implications of Dicer and its post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs in cervical cancer. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry investigated Dicer mRNA and protein levels in cervical cancer tissues. The relationship between Dicer expression and survival was analyzed. MiRNA target prediction identified miRNAs that might target Dicer. Luciferase reporter and gain- or loss-of-function assays were performed. The results showed that 36.7% of cervical cancer cases showed low expression of Dicer mRNA and 63.3% cases showed high expression. At the protein level, 51% cases showed negative expression and 49% cases showed positive expression. Dicer mRNA and protein expressions were significantly associated with distant metastasis and recurrence in cervical cancer (P=0.002 and P=0.012, respectively). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that low Dicer expression (P=0.016) and tumor stage (P=0.047) were independent predictors. Among the miRNAs predicted to target Dicer, 10 were detected by RT-PCR; their expressions were significantly higher in cervical cancers with lower Dicer expression than in those with higher Dicer expression and were negatively correlated with Dicer expression level (P<0.05). In vitro experiments demonstrated that miR-130a directly targeted Dicer mRNA to enhance migration and invasion in SiHa cells. Finally, survival analysis indicated that higher expression of miR-130a was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival. Taken together, Dicer expression regulated by miR-130a is an important potential prognostic factor in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L He
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China [3] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H-Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - L Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - L Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J-D Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y Xiong
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - M-Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - W-H Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J-P Yun
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - R-Z Luo
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - M Zheng
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
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16
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Mahadik K, Ghorpade K. Childhood ovarian malignancy. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2014; 64:91-4. [PMID: 24757335 PMCID: PMC3984642 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-014-0533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective of this article is to appraise diagnostic aspects and treatment modalities in childhood ovarian tumor in background of available evidence. Literature search on Pubmed revealed various aspects of epidemiology, histopathological diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric ovarian tumor. 85 % of childhood tumors are germ cell tumors. The varied histopathological picture in germ cell tumors poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Immunohistochemistry and newer genetic markers like SALL4 and karyopherin-2 (KPNA2) have been helpful in differentiating ovarian yolk sac tumor from dysgerminoma, teratomas, and other pictures of hepatoid, endometrioid, clear cell carcinomatous, and adenocarcinomatous tissues with varied malignant potential. Before platinum therapy, these tumors were almost fatal in children. Fertility-conserving surgery with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin has dramatically changed the survival rates in these patients. This modality gives cancer cure with healthy offspring to female patients with childhood ovarian tumor. Evidence also supports this protocol resulting in successful pregnancy rates and safety of cytotoxic drugs in children born to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Mahadik
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, 456006 India
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17
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Kraggerud SM, Hoei-Hansen CE, Alagaratnam S, Skotheim RI, Abeler VM, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Lothe RA. Molecular characteristics of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and comparison with testicular counterparts: implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:339-76. [PMID: 23575763 PMCID: PMC3787935 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the molecular characteristics and development of rare malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (mOGCTs). We provide an overview of the genomic aberrations assessed by ploidy, cytogenetic banding, and comparative genomic hybridization. We summarize and discuss the transcriptome profiles of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA), and biomarkers (DNA methylation, gene mutation, individual protein expression) for each mOGCT histological subtype. Parallels between the origin of mOGCT and their male counterpart testicular GCT (TGCT) are discussed from the perspective of germ cell development, endocrinological influences, and pathogenesis, as is the GCT origin in patients with disorders of sex development. Integrated molecular profiles of the 3 main histological subtypes, dysgerminoma (DG), yolk sac tumor (YST), and immature teratoma (IT), are presented. DGs show genomic aberrations comparable to TGCT. In contrast, the genome profiles of YST and IT are different both from each other and from DG/TGCT. Differences between DG and YST are underlined by their miRNA/mRNA expression patterns, suggesting preferential involvement of the WNT/β-catenin and TGF-β/bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways among YSTs. Characteristic protein expression patterns are observed in DG, YST and IT. We propose that mOGCT develop through different developmental pathways, including one that is likely shared with TGCT and involves insufficient sexual differentiation of the germ cell niche. The molecular features of the mOGCTs underline their similarity to pluripotent precursor cells (primordial germ cells, PGCs) and other stem cells. This similarity combined with the process of ovary development, explain why mOGCTs present so early in life, and with greater histological complexity, than most somatic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Marie Kraggerud
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
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18
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Rachidi SM, Qin T, Sun S, Zheng WJ, Li Z. Molecular profiling of multiple human cancers defines an inflammatory cancer-associated molecular pattern and uncovers KPNA2 as a uniform poor prognostic cancer marker. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57911. [PMID: 23536776 PMCID: PMC3607594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune evasion is one of the recognized hallmarks of cancer. Inflammatory responses to cancer can also contribute directly to oncogenesis. Since the immune system is hardwired to protect the host, there is a possibility that cancers, regardless of their histological origins, endow themselves with a common and shared inflammatory cancer-associated molecular pattern (iCAMP) to promote oncoinflammation. However, the definition of iCAMP has not been conceptually and experimentally investigated. METHODS AND FINDINGS Genome-wide cDNA expression data was analyzed for 221 normal and 324 cancer specimens from 7 cancer types: breast, prostate, lung, colon, gastric, oral and pancreatic. A total of 96 inflammatory genes with consistent dysregulation were identified, including 44 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated genes. Protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for some of these genes. The iCAMP contains proteins whose roles in cancer have been implicated and others which are yet to be appreciated. The clinical significance of many iCAMP genes was confirmed in multiple independent cohorts of colon and ovarian cancer patients. In both cases, better prognosis correlated strongly with high CXCL13 and low level of GREM1, LOX, TNFAIP6, CD36, and EDNRA. An "Inflammatory Gene Integrated Score" was further developed from the combination of 18 iCAMP genes in ovarian cancer, which predicted overall survival. Noticeably, as a selective nuclear import protein whose immuno-regulatory function just begins to emerge, karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is uniformly up-regulated across cancer types. For the first time, the cancer-specific up-regulation of KPNA2 and its clinical significance were verified by tissue microarray analysis in colon and head-neck cancers. CONCLUSION This work defines an inflammatory signature shared by seven epithelial cancer types and KPNA2 as a consistently up-regulated protein in cancer. Identification of iCAMP may not only serve as a novel biomarker for prognostication and individualized treatment of cancer, but also have significant biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh M. Rachidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute (SCTR), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Hollings Cancer Center, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute (SCTR), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tingting Qin
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute (SCTR), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shaoli Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute (SCTR), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - W. Jim Zheng
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute (SCTR), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Computational Biology Core Facility, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute (SCTR), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute (SCTR), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Hollings Cancer Center, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute (SCTR), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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