1
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Fukada S, Ohta K, Sakuma M, Akagi M, Kato H, Naruse T, Nakagawa T, Shigeishi H, Nishi H, Takechi M, Aikawa T. Sunitinib promotes apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation and STAT3 downregulation in oral keratinocytes. Oral Dis 2024; 30:639-649. [PMID: 36447393 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sunitinib, a targeted cancer drug, inhibits tyrosine kinases receptors and is widely used as first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Patients undergoing chemotherapy with sunitinib frequently have oral mucosal complications, such as oral stomatitis, though cytotoxic effects of the drug on oral keratinocytes remain unknown. METHODS The effects of sunitinib on immortalized oral keratinocytes, RT7 cells, in regard to cell injury and apoptosis, as well as apoptosis-mediated signaling pathways were investigated. RESULTS Sunitinib treatment caused a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in RT7 cells and primary oral keratinocytes. Additionally, the drug induced apoptosis-related events, such as DNA fragmentation, decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression, and induction of cleaved PARP and caspase 3/9 in RT7 cells. Furthermore, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not of ERK or JNK, was increased. On the contrary, constitutive phosphorylated STAT3 was decreased by sunitinib treatment, which was recovered by exposure to SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Finally, SB203580 was found to reduce sunitinib-induced cell injury and apoptosis. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that sunitinib promotes cell injury and apoptosis in oral keratinocytes via p38 activation and STAT3 downregulation. Sunitinib-mediated oral complications may be associated with cytotoxic effects of the drug on oral keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Fukada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misaki Akagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | - Takako Naruse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishi
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | - Tomonao Aikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Tolstik E, Gongalsky MB, Dierks J, Brand T, Pernecker M, Pervushin NV, Maksutova DE, Gonchar KA, Samsonova JV, Kopeina G, Sivakov V, Osminkina LA, Lorenz K. Raman and fluorescence micro-spectroscopy applied for the monitoring of sunitinib-loaded porous silicon nanocontainers in cardiac cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962763. [PMID: 36016563 PMCID: PMC9397571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are a central pillar in modern medicine. They are thought to optimize drug delivery, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and reduce side-effects. To foster this technology, analytical methods are needed to validate not only the localization and distribution of these nanomaterials, but also their compatibility with cells, drugs, and drug release. In the present work, we assessed nanoparticles based on porous silicon (pSiNPs) loaded with the clinically used tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib for their effectiveness of drug delivery, release, and toxicity in colon cancer cells (HCT 116 cells) and cardiac myoblast cells (H9c2) using Raman micro-spectroscopy, high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, along with biological methods for toxicological effects. We produced pSiNPs with a size of about 100 nm by grinding mesoporous silicon layers. pSiNPs allowed an effective loading of sunitinib due to their high porosity. Photoluminescence properties of the nanoparticles within the visible spectrum allowed the visualization of their uptake in cardiac cells. Raman micro-spectroscopy allowed not only the detection of the uptake and distribution of pSiNPs within the cells via a characteristic silicon Raman band at about 518–520 cm−1, but also the localization of the drug based on its characteristic molecular fingerprints. Cytotoxicity studies by Western blot analyses of apoptotic marker proteins such as caspase-3, and the detection of apoptosis by subG1-positive cell fractions in HCT 116 and MTT analyses in H9c2 cells, suggest a sustained release of sunitinib from pSiNPs and delayed cytotoxicity of sunitinib in HCT 116 cells. The analyses in cardiac cells revealed that pSiNPs are well tolerated and that they may even protect from toxic effects in these cells to some extent. Analyses of the integrity of mitochondrial networks as an early indicator for apoptotic cellular effects seem to validate these observations. Our study suggests pSiNPs-based nanocontainers for efficient and safe drug delivery and Raman micro-spectroscopy as a reliable method for their detection and monitoring. Thus, the herein presented nanocontainers and analytical methods have the potential to allow an efficient advancement of nanoparticles for targeted and sustained intracellular drug release that is of need, e.g., in chronic diseases and for the prevention of cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Tolstik
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- *Correspondence: E. Tolstik, elen.tolstik@isas; L. A. Osminkina, ; K. Lorenz,
| | - M. B. Gongalsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - J. Dierks
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - T. Brand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Pernecker
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - N. V. Pervushin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - D. E. Maksutova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - K. A. Gonchar
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - J. V. Samsonova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. Kopeina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. Sivakov
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Department Functional Interfaces, Jena, Germany
| | - L. A. Osminkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: E. Tolstik, elen.tolstik@isas; L. A. Osminkina, ; K. Lorenz,
| | - K. Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: E. Tolstik, elen.tolstik@isas; L. A. Osminkina, ; K. Lorenz,
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3
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A Quassinoid Diterpenoid Eurycomanone from Eurycoma longifolia Jack Exerts Anti-Cancer Effect through Autophagy Inhibition. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144398. [PMID: 35889271 PMCID: PMC9324291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eurycomanone (EN) is one of the representative quassinoid diterpenoids from roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack, a natural medicine that is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. Previous studies showed that EN induces cancer cell apoptosis and exhibits anti-cancer activity, but the molecular mechanism of EN against cancer has still not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the regulatory effect of EN on autophagy to reveal the mechanism of EN-mediated colon cancer growth inhibition. First, we found that EN is able to inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. The angiogenesis level in cancer cells was inhibited as well. Next, the treatment of EN led to the suppression of autophagy, which was characterized by the downregulation of the LC3-II level and the formation of GFP-LC3 puncta under EN treatment in colon cancer. Moreover, we revealed that the mTOR signaling pathway was activated by EN in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Finally, autophagy induction protected colon cancer cells from EN treatment, suggesting that autophagy improves cell survival. Taken together, our findings revealed the mechanism of EN against colon cancer through inhibiting autophagy and angiogenesis in colon cancer, supporting that the autophagy inhibitor EN could be developed to be a novel anti-cancer agent.
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4
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Quagliariello V, Berretta M, Buccolo S, Iovine M, Paccone A, Cavalcanti E, Taibi R, Montopoli M, Botti G, Maurea N. Polydatin Reduces Cardiotoxicity and Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Sunitinib by Decreasing Pro-Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680758. [PMID: 34178667 PMCID: PMC8226180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the main renal tumors and are highly metastatic. Sunitinib, a recently-approved, multi-targeted Tyrosine Kinases Inhibitor (TKi), prolongs survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, however a dose related cardiotoxicity was well described. Polydatin (3,4’,5-trihydroxystilbene-3-β-d-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum with consolidated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, however no studies investigated on its putative cardioprotective and chemosensitizing properties during incubation with sunitinib. We investigated on the effects of polydatin on the oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome and Myd88 expression, highlighting on the production of cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-12 and TGF-β) during treatment with sunitinib. Exposure of cardiomyocytes and cardiomyoblasts (AC-16 and H9C2 cell lines) and human renal adenocarcinoma cells (769‐P and A498) to polydatin combined to plasma-relevant concentrations of sunitinib reduces significantly iROS, MDA and LTB4 compared to only sunitinib-treated cells (P<0.001). In renal cancer cells and cardiomyocytes polydatin reduces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in myocardial damages and chemoresistance and down-regulates the signaling pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome, MyD88 and NF-κB. Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that polydatin, besides reducing oxidative stress, reduces key chemokines involved in cancer cell survival, chemoresistance and cardiac damages of sunitinib through downregulation of NLRP3-MyD88 pathway, applying as a potential nutraceutical agent in preclinical studies of preventive cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Buccolo
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Iovine
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Taibi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Gruppo Oncologico Ricercatori Italiani, GORI, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
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5
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Copanlisib promotes growth inhibition and apoptosis by modulating the AKT/FoxO3a/PUMA axis in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:943. [PMID: 33139695 PMCID: PMC7606528 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the type of cancer with the third highest incidence and is associated with high mortality and low 5-year survival rates. We observed that copanlisib, an inhibitor of PI3K (pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase) that preferentially inhibits PI3Kδ and PI3Kα, impedes the growth of CRC cells by inducing apoptosis via PUMA. There was a marked increase in the expression of PUMA independent of p53 after treatment with copanlisib. The response of CRC cells to copanlisib could be predicted by PUMA expression. Copanlisib was found to induce PUMA expression through FoxO3a by directly binding to the PUMA promoter after inhibiting AKT signaling. PUMA deficiency mitigated the apoptosis induced by copanlisib. Caspase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction led to copanlisib resistance, as observed through a clonogenic assay, whereas enhanced expression of PUMA increased the copanlisib-induced susceptibility to apoptosis. Moreover, the antitumor effects of copanlisib were suppressed by a deficiency of PUMA in a xenograft model, and caspase activation and reduced apoptosis were also observed in vivo. Copanlisib-mediated chemosensitization seemed to involve the concurrent induction of PUMA expression via mechanisms that were both dependent and independent of p53. These observations indicate that apoptosis mediated by PUMA is crucial for the anticancer effects of copanlisib and that manipulation of PUMA may aid in enhancing anticancer activities.
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6
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Alshehri S, Shakeel F. Solubility determination, various solubility parameters and solution thermodynamics of sunitinib malate in some cosolvents, water and various (Transcutol + water) mixtures. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Ruan H, Leibowitz BJ, Zhang L, Yu J. Immunogenic cell death in colon cancer prevention and therapy. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:783-793. [PMID: 32215970 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The colonic mucosa constitutes a critical barrier and a major site of immune regulation. The immune system plays important roles in cancer development and treatment, and immune activation caused by chronic infection or inflammation is well-known to increase cancer risk. During tumor development, neoplastic cells continuously interact with and shape the tumor microenvironment (TME), which becomes progressively immunosuppressive. The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade therapies is limited to a small set of CRCs with high tumor mutational load and tumor-infiltrating T cells. Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of cell death eliciting an immune response, can therefore help break the immunosuppressive TME, engage the innate components, and prime T cell-mediated adaptive immunity for long-term tumor control. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of ICD induced by antineoplastic agents, the influence of driver mutations, and recent developments to harness ICD in colon cancer. Mechanism-guided combinations of ICD-inducing agents with immunotherapy and actionable biomarkers will likely offer more tailored and durable benefits to patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ruan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian J Leibowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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8
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Li L, Lin L, Li M, Li W. Gilteritinib induces PUMA-dependent apoptotic cell death via AKT/GSK-3β/NF-κB pathway in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:2308-2318. [PMID: 31881122 PMCID: PMC7011145 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly potent and highly selective oral inhibitor of FLT3/AXL, gilteritinib showed activity against FLT3D835 and FLT3‐ITD mutations in pre‐clinical testing, although its role on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is not yet fully elucidated. We examined the activity of gilteritinib in suppressing growth of CRC and its enhancing effect on other drugs used in chemotherapy. In this study, we observed that, regardless of p53 status, treatment using gilteritinib induces PUMA in CRC cells via the NF‐κB pathway after inhibition of AKT and activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β). PUMA was observed to be vital for apoptosis in CRC cells through treatment of gilteritinib. Moreover, enhancing induction of PUMA through different pathways could mediate chemosensitization by using gilteritinib. Furthermore, PUMA deficiency revoked the antitumour role of gilteritinib in vivo. Thus, our results indicate that PUMA mediates the antitumour activity of gilteritinib in CRC cells. These observations are critical for the therapeutic role of gilteritinib in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Biotechnology Department, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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9
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A Transient Pseudosenescent Secretome Promotes Tumor Growth after Antiangiogenic Therapy Withdrawal. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3706-3720.e8. [PMID: 30590043 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR TKIs) approved to treat multiple cancer types can promote metastatic disease in certain limited preclinical settings. Here, we show that stopping VEGFR TKI treatment after resistance can lead to rebound tumor growth that is driven by cellular changes resembling senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) known to promote cancer progression. A SASP-mimicking antiangiogenic therapy-induced secretome (ATIS) was found to persist during short withdrawal periods, and blockade of known SASP regulators, including mTOR and IL-6, could blunt rebound effects. Critically, senescence hallmarks ultimately reversed after long drug withdrawal periods, suggesting that the transition to a permanent growth-arrested senescent state was incomplete and the hijacking of SASP machinery ultimately transient. These findings may account for the highly diverse and reversible cytokine changes observed in VEGF inhibitor-treated patients, and suggest senescence-targeted therapies ("senotherapeutics")-particularly those that block SASP regulation-may improve outcomes in patients after VEGFR TKI failure.
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10
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Nifosì AF, Zuccarello M, Nifosì L, Hervas Saus V, Nifosì G. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in the era of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in oncology. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 45:3-8. [PMID: 30847290 PMCID: PMC6400698 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2019.45.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a well-known pathological condition in oncology derived from the use of bisphosphonates (BPs) and denosumab. Many molecular and immunological targets have been introduced for daily use in cancer treatment in recent years; consequently, new cases of ONJ have been reported in association with these drugs, especially if administered with BPs and denosumab. When the drugs are administered alone, ONJ is rarely seen. The objective of our study was to analyze the recent literature relative to the association of ONJ with these new drugs highlighting the pathogenic, clinical and therapeutic aspects. The close collaboration between maxillofacial surgeon, oncologist, dentist, and dental hygienist remains the most important aspect for the prevention, prompt recognition, and treatment of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Nifosì
- Department of Dentistry, European University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Hervas Saus
- Department of Dental Hygiene, European University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfilippo Nifosì
- Hemato-Oncology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Brugmann University Hospital Center, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Luo L, Liu H, Xi Q. Trastuzumab induces PUMA-dependent apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in gastric cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1911-1919. [PMID: 30524942 PMCID: PMC6275257 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Trastuzumab has been approved for the treatment of metastatic GC, gastroesophageal junction cancer, and breast cancer. However, the mechanisms involved in trastuzumab-induced GC cell apoptosis remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of trastuzumab-mediated suppression of GC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. We found that trastuzumab treatment induces p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression in GC cells, through the NF-κB pathway following AKT inhibition and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activation. We also observed that PUMA was necessary for trastuzumab-induced apoptosis in GC cells. Moreover, PUMA deficiency suppressed apoptosis and the antitumor effect of trastuzumab in xenograft models. Finally, computerized tomography (CT) and immunohistochemistry results showed that patients with increased activation of PUMA were more sensitive to trastuzumab treatment than those with low PUMA expression. These results indicate that trastuzumab induces PUMA-dependent apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in GC, suggesting that PUMA plays a critical role in mediating the antitumor effects of trastuzumab in GC. PUMA induction may be used as a marker of trastuzumab sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghe Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Qian Xi
- Department of Radiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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12
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Chen J, Zhong J, Liu Y, Huang Y, Luo F, Zhou Y, Pan X, Cao S, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang J. Purified vitexin compound 1, a new neolignan isolated compound, promotes PUMA-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6158-6169. [PMID: 30402948 PMCID: PMC6308053 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified vitexin compound 1 (VB1, a neolignan isolated and extracted from the seed of Chinese herb Vitex negundo) is an effective antitumor agent and exhibits promising clinical activity against various cancers including colorectal cancer. However, it remains unknown about the precise underlying mechanism associated with the antitumor effect of VB1 and how it triggers apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated that VB1 promoted apoptosis via p53-dependent induction of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and further to induce Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in colon cancer HCT-116 and LoVo cells. Deficiency in p53, PUMA, or Bax abrogated VB1-induced apoptosis and promoted cell survival in HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, the combination of VB1 with chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or NVP-BZE235 resulted in a synergistic antitumor effect via PUMA induction in HCT-116 cells. VB1 significantly suppressed the cell proliferation of wild-type (WT) HCT-116 and LoVo cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The results indicate that p53/PUMA/Bax axis plays a critical role in VB1-induced apoptosis and VB1 may have valuable clinical applications in cancer therapy as a novel anticancer agent used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juchang Zhong
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yeying Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Darband SG, Kaviani M, Mihanfar A, Aghazadeh Attari J, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. DNA damage response and repair in colorectal cancer: Defects, regulation and therapeutic implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:34-52. [PMID: 30055507 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response, a key factor involved in maintaining genome integrity and stability, consists of several kinase-dependent signaling pathways, which sense and transduce DNA damage signal. The severity of damage appears to determine DNA damage responses, which can include cell cycle arrest, damage repair and apoptosis. A number of recent studies have demonstrated that defection in signaling through this network is thought to be an underlying mechanism behind the development and progression of various types of human malignancies, including colorectal cancer. In this review, colorectal cancer and its molecular pathology as well as DNA damage response is briefly introduced. Finally, the involvement of key components of this network in the initiation/progression, prognosis, response to treatment and development of drug resistance is comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Health Technology Development Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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14
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Alshahrani SM, Alshetaili AS, Alalaiwe A, Alsulays BB, Anwer MK, Al-Shdefat R, Imam F, Shakeel F. Anticancer Efficacy of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Sunitinib Malate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018. [PMID: 28620763 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib malate (SM) is reported as a weakly soluble drug in water due to its poor dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Hence, in the current study, various "self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS)" of SM were prepared, characterized and evaluated for the enhancement of its in vitro dissolution rate and anticancer efficacy. On the basis of solubilization potential of SM in various excipients, "Lauroglycol-90 (oil), Triton-X100 (surfactant) and Transcutol-P (cosurfactant)" were selected for the preparation of SM SNEDDS. SM-loaded SNEDDS were developed by spontaneous emulsification method, characterized and evaluated for "thermodynamic stability, self-nanoemulsification efficiency, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), surface morphology, refractive index (RI), the percent of transmittance (% T) and drug release profile." In vitro dissolution rate of SM was significantly enhanced from an optimized SNEDDS in comparison with SM suspension. The optimized SNEDDS of SM with droplet size of 42.3 nm, PDI value of 0.174, ZP value of -36.4 mV, RI value of 1.339, % T value of 97.3%, and drug release profile of 95.4% (after 24 h via dialysis membrane) was selected for in vitro anticancer efficacy in human colon cancer cells (HT-29) by MTT assay. MTT assay indicated significant anticancer efficacy of optimized SM SNEDDS against HT-29 cells in comparison with free SM. The results of this study showed the great potential of SNEDDS in the enhancement of in vitro dissolution rate and anticancer efficacy of poorly soluble drug such as SM.
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15
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Guo L, Huang S, Wang X. PUMA mediates the anti-cancer effect of osimertinib in colon cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5281-5288. [PMID: 29138581 PMCID: PMC5680964 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib, an irreversible EGFR/HER2 inhibitor, has been found to be effective in the cancer cell with EGFR gene mutations in preclinical lung cancer models. However, the effect of osimertinib in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is unclear. In the present study, we investigated how osimertinib suppresses CRC cells growth and potentiates effects of other chemotherapeutic drugs. We found that p73-mediated osimertinib-induced p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression irrespective of p53 status following PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition in CRC cells. Furthermore, PUMA is required for osimertinib-induced apoptosis. In addition, osimertinib also synergized with 5-FU to induce significant apoptosis via PUMA in CRC cells. These results demonstrated a critical role of PUMA in mediating the anticancer effects of osimertinib and suggest that PUMA induction can be used as an indicator of osimertinib sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Yang TH, Lee CI, Huang WH, Lee AR. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2-Pyrrolidone-Fused (2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methylpyrrole Derivatives as Potential Multi-Target Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060913. [PMID: 28561780 PMCID: PMC6152791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways of VEGFs and PDGFs are crucial in tumor angiogenesis, which is essential in solid tumor progression and metastasis. This study reports our strategy for designing and synthesizing a series of novel 2-pyrrolidone-fused (2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methylpyrrole derivatives as potential multi-target tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors. The target compounds were obtained by condensation of 5-substituted oxindoles with N-substituted 2-pyrrolidone aldehyde 7 in satisfactory yields. Of these, 11 and 12 had the highest potency and, compared to sunitinib, showed: (1) significant increase in anti-proliferation of various cancer cells with a favorable selective index (SI); (2) higher inhibitory potency against both VEGFR-2 and PDGFRβ. The molecular modeling results showed that, in terms of VEGFR-2 binding, the synthesized products had a similar binding mode to sunitinib but with tighter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-I Lee
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - An-Rong Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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17
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Lahti S, Ludwig JM, Xing M, Sun L, Zeng D, Kim HS. In vitro biologic efficacy of sunitinib drug-eluting beads on human colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma-A pilot study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174539. [PMID: 28384190 PMCID: PMC5383050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sunitinib drug eluting beads (DEB) are a novel anti-angiogenic bead preparation for use in transarterial chemoembolization. However, systematic studies of sunitinib DEB’s effect on cancer cells have not been reported. Herein, we assess their direct biologic efficacy against carcinoma cell lines and correlate cell viability with drug release in vitro. Materials and methods Sunitinib-HCl (10mg/mL) in Milli-Q water was mixed with LC Bead® 300–500μm (Biocompatibles UK Ltd.). Loading and release were assessed by measurement of drug UV absorbance using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Viability of human colorectal cancer (CRC, HCT116 and HT29) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, HepG2) cells upon exposure to sunitinib DEB was measured using a bioluminescent assay. Drug concentration during exposure was quantified using HPLC. Results When added to cultured HepG2 cells, sunitinib DEB rapidly inhibited viability with a significant decrease observed within 1 hour of incubation. Viability of HCT116 and HT29 cells decreased relatively slower, with significant reductions observed after 8 and 24 hours, respectively. After 24 hours there was nearly complete inhibition of all three cell lines. There was no difference in viability observed between cells treated with 5 μl, 10 μL, or 20 μL of sunitinib DEB. HPLC analysis of the cell culture supernatant demonstrated saturation of the cell medium within approximately 4 hours for each amount added, with sunitinib achieving a final concentration of 17.61 μM (SE ±1.01). Conclusions Sunitinib can be efficiently loaded to and released from LC beads, and the resulting sunitinib DEB demonstrate strong in vitro inhibition of human CRC and HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lahti
- Interventional Oncology Translational Laboratory, Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Presbyterian South Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Johannes M. Ludwig
- Interventional Oncology Translational Laboratory, Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Presbyterian South Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Minzhi Xing
- Interventional Oncology Translational Laboratory, Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Presbyterian South Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Lingyi Sun
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HSK); (DZ)
| | - Hyun S. Kim
- Interventional Oncology Translational Laboratory, Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Presbyterian South Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HSK); (DZ)
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18
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Tong J, Wang P, Tan S, Chen D, Nikolovska-Coleska Z, Zou F, Yu J, Zhang L. Mcl-1 Degradation Is Required for Targeted Therapeutics to Eradicate Colon Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2512-2521. [PMID: 28202514 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1 is often degraded in cancer cells subjected to effective therapeutic treatment, and defective Mcl-1 degradation has been associated with intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. However, a causal relationship between Mcl-1 degradation and anticancer drug responses has not been directly established, especially in solid tumor cells where Mcl-1 inhibition alone is insufficient to trigger cell death. In this study, we present evidence that Mcl-1 participates directly in determining effective therapeutic responses in colon cancer cells. In this setting, Mcl-1 degradation was induced by a variety of multikinase inhibitor drugs, where it relied upon GSK3β phosphorylation and FBW7-dependent ubiquitination. Specific blockade by genetic knock-in (KI) abolished apoptotic responses and conferred resistance to kinase inhibitors. Mcl-1-KI also suppressed the antiangiogenic and anti-hypoxic effects of kinase inhibitors in the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, these same inhibitors also induced the BH3-only Bcl-2 family protein PUMA, which is required for apoptosis. Degradation-resistant Mcl-1 bound and sequestered PUMA from other prosurvival proteins to maintain cell survival, which was abolished by small-molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors. Our findings establish a pivotal role for Mcl-1 degradation in the response of colon cancer cells to targeted therapeutics, and they provide a useful rational platform to develop Mcl-1-targeting agents that can overcome drug resistance. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2512-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Tong
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peng Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shuai Tan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dongshi Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Fangdong Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lin Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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19
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Ding YQ, Zhu HC, Chen XC, Sun XC, Yang X, Qin Q, Zhang H, Yang Y, Yang YH, Gao L, Luo JD, Zhou XF. Sunitinib modulates the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:1144-1151. [PMID: 26542732 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the radiosensitivity of sunitinib on esophageal cancer cell lines. For in vitro studies, human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines were treated with sunitinib 24 hours before irradiation. ESCC cell lines were treated with sunitinib with or without radiation. Cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. Radiosensitization was evaluated by clonogenic survival assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were detected by flow cytometry. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand breaks were performed by immunocytofluorescence analysis. Western blot analysis was used to determine the effect of sunitinib on radiation induced signal transduction. Sunitinib potently sensitized ESCC cells to radiation with a sensitization enhancement ratio of 1.13-1.72. Furthermore, sunitinib increased radiation induced DNA double-strand breaks, promoted the apoptosis of ESCC cells and induced the G2/M arrest. Radiosensitization was accompanied with enhanced apoptosis and regulated by the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Sunitinib sensitized ESCC cells to the cytotoxic effects of radiation. This compound is promising for future clinical trials with chemoradiation in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Q Ding
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - H-C Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X-C Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X-C Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-H Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - J-D Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - X-F Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Ding YQ, Qin Q, Yang Y, Sun XC, Yang X, Zhu HC, Chen XC, Zhang H, Yang YH, Gao L, Luo JD, Zhou XF. Improved sensitization effect of sunitinib in cancer cells of the esophagus under hypoxic microenviroment. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4671-4676. [PMID: 28105174 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment. Promoting the radiation sensitivity of cancer cells is required. Recent studies have shown that sunitinib can inhibit the growth of several cancer lines. However, few studies on the radiosensitive effect of sunitinib on ESCC cells under hypoxic conditions have been conducted. In the present study, the radiosensitive effects of sunitinib on human ESCC cells were assessed, and the underlying mechanisms were explored. ESCC cells were exposed to hypoxia and treated with sunitinib at different concentrations prior to irradiation. Sunitinib potently inhibited ESCC cell proliferation in an MTT assay. In a clonogenic survival assay, sunitinib sensitized hypoxic ESCC cells to radiation, with sensitizing enhancement ratios of 1.31-1.59. In addition, sunitinib promoted the apoptosis of ESCC cells, but did not alter their cell cycle distribution. Radiosensitization was accompanied by inhibition of the radiation-induced upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Thus, sunitinib confers radiosensitivity to esophageal cancer cells, which is associated with the downregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Sunitinib can be a promising radiosensitizer for esophageal cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong Ding
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Chen Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Dong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Fa Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
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21
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El Kaffas A, Sadeghi-Naini A, Falou O, Tran WT, Zhou S, Hashim A, Fernandes J, Giles A, Czarnota GJ. Assessment of tumor response to radiation and vascular targeting therapy in mice using quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy. Med Phys 2016; 42:4965-73. [PMID: 26233222 DOI: 10.1118/1.4926554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is now recognized that the tumor vasculature is in part responsible for regulating tumor responses to radiation therapy. However, the extent to which radiation-based vascular damage contributes to tumor cell death remains unknown. In this work, quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy (QUS) methods were used to investigate the acute responses of tumors to radiation-based vascular treatments. METHODS Tumor xenografts (MDA-MB-231) were treated with single radiation doses of 2 or 8 Gy alone, or in combination with pharmacological agents that modulate vascular radiosensitivity. The midband fit, the slope, and the 0-MHz intercept QUS parameters were obtained from a linear-regression fit to the averaged power spectrum of frequency-dependent ultrasound backscatter and were used to quantify acute tumor responses following treatment administration. Power spectrums were extracted from raw volumetric radio-frequency ultrasound data obtained before and 24 h following treatment administration. These parameters have previously been correlated to tumor cell death. Staining using in situ end labeling, carbonic anhydrase 9 and cluster of differentiation 31 of tumor sections were used to assess cell death, oxygenation, and vasculature distributions, respectively. RESULTS Results indicate a significant midband fit QUS parameter increases of 3.2 ± 0.3 dBr and 5.4 ± 0.5 dBr for tumors treated with 2 and 8 Gy radiation combined with the antiangiogenic agent Sunitinib, respectively. In contrast, tumors treated with radiation alone demonstrated a significant midband fit increase of 4.4 ± 0.3 dBr at 8 Gy only. Preadministration of basic fibroblast growth factor, an endothelial radioprotector, acted to minimize tumor response following single large doses of radiation. Immunohistochemical analysis was in general agreement with QUS findings; an R(2) of 0.9 was observed when quantified cell death was correlated with changes in midband fit. CONCLUSIONS Results from QUS analysis presented in this study confirm that acute tumor response is linked to a vascular effect following high doses of radiation therapy. Overall, this is in agreement with previous reports suggesting that acute tumor radiation response is regulated by a vascular-driven response. Data also suggest that Sunitinib may enhance tumor radiosensitivity through a vascular remodeling process, and that QUS may be sensitive to changes in tissue properties associated with vascular remodeling. Finally, the work also demonstrates the ability of QUS methods to monitor response to radiation-based vascular strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ali Sadeghi-Naini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Omar Falou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - William Tyler Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zhou
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Amr Hashim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada and Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jason Fernandes
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Anoja Giles
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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22
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Huang Q, Zhou C, Chen X, Dong B, Chen S, Zhang N, Liu Y, Li A, Yao M, Miao J, Li Q, Wang Z. Prodrug AST-003 Improves the Therapeutic Index of the Multi-Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sunitinib. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141395. [PMID: 26513662 PMCID: PMC4626378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients have responded well to the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Sunitinib in the clinic. But the severe toxic side effects associated with Sunitinib limit its therapeutic index. To improve the therapeutic index of Sunitinib, a prodrug strategy was employed to modify Sunitinib. The inactive prodrug AST-003 can be converted to Sunitinib in vitro and in vivo. Compared with Sunitinib, AST-003 has unique biochemical, cellular and pharmacokinetic properties with improved tolerability in mice and yield higher efficacy in tumor xenograft models. This prodrug strategy may constitute a novel paradigm to improve the therapeutic index of Sunitinib and other TKI or anti-angiogenesis drugs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Health Division of Guard Bureau, General Staff Department of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Anrong Li
- Ascenta Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (ZW)
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (ZW)
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Diaz R, Nguewa PA, Redrado M, Manrique I, Calvo A. Sunitinib reduces tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis, and radiosensitizes prostate cancer stem-like cells. Prostate 2015; 75:1137-49. [PMID: 25893276 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The need for new treatments for advanced prostate cancer has fostered the experimental use of targeted therapies. Sunitinib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that mainly targets membrane-bound receptors of cells within the tumor microenvironment, such as endothelial cells and pericytes. However, recent studies suggest a direct effect on tumor cells. In the present study, we have evaluated both direct and indirect effects of Sunitinib in prostate cancer and how this drug regulates hypoxia, using in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS We have used both in vitro (PC-3, DU145, and LNCaP cells) and in vivo (PC-3 xenografts) models to study the effect of Sunitinib in prostate cancer. Analysis of hypoxia based on HIF-1α expression and FMISO uptake was conducted. ALDH activity was used to analyze cancer stem cells (CSC). RESULTS Sunitinib strongly reduced proliferation of PC-3 and DU-145 cells in a dose dependent manner, and decreased levels of p-Akt, p-Erk1/2, and Id-1, compared to untreated cells. A 3-fold reduction in tumor growth was also observed (P < 0.001 with respect to controls). Depletion of Hif-1α levels in vitro and a decrease in FMISO uptake in vivo showed that Sunitinib inhibits tumor hypoxia. When combined with radiotherapy, this drug enhanced cell death in vitro and in vivo, and significantly decreased CD-31, PDGFRβ, Hif-1α, Id1, and PCNA protein levels (whereas apoptosis was increased) in tumors as compared to controls or single-therapy treated mice. Moreover, Sunitinib reduced the number of ALDH + cancer stem-like cells and sensitized these cells to radiation-mediated loss of clonogenicity. DISCUSION Our results support the use of Sunitinib in prostate cancer and shows that both hypoxia and cancer stem cells are involved in the effect elicited by this drug. Combination of Sunitinib with radiotherapy warrants further consideration to reduce prostate cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roque Diaz
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paul A Nguewa
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Salud Tropical, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Redrado
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Manrique
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Zhang YX, Liu XM, Wang J, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yu XW, Wei N. Inhibition of AKT/FoxO3a signaling induced PUMA expression in response to p53-independent cytotoxic effects of H1: A derivative of tetrandrine. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:965-75. [PMID: 25893985 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PUMA (p53 unregulated modulator of apoptosis), a BH3-only Bcl-2 family member, can be induced by p53-dependent and p53-independent manners. It plays an important role as regulator of cellular apoptosis. Herein, we evaluate the effects of H1 (a derivative of tetrandrine) on induction of PUMA and underlie its potential mechanism in p53-independent cytotoxic response. Anti-proliferative activity and evidently cytotoxic activity of H1 were observed in wild-type and p53 null cells. Further studies demonstrated that H1 resulted in an increase of cleaved PARP, decease of survivin and elevation of p-H2AX. What is more, H1 significantly induced PUMA expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and caused an increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in p53 null cells. Of note, knockdown of PUMA attenuated cytotoxic activity of H1. Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of AKT/FoxO3a signaling contributed to H1-mediated PUMA induction. Targeted suppression of AKT/FoxO3a signaling by siRNA could overcome H1-mediated PUMA induction. In addition, H1 significantly suppressed NF-κB activity and caused an increase of early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells, and elevated caspase-3 activity. Taken together, we found that inhibition of AKT/FoxO3a signaling may contribute to H1-mediated PUMA induction, suggesting that inhibition of AKT/FoxO3a signaling result in PUMA expression in response to p53-independent cytotoxic effects of H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Xu Zhang
- a Liaoning Medical University; Jinzhou , PR China
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25
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He K, Zheng X, Li M, Zhang L, Yu J. mTOR inhibitors induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells via CHOP-dependent DR5 induction on 4E-BP1 dephosphorylation. Oncogene 2015; 35:148-57. [PMID: 25867072 PMCID: PMC4603992 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is commonly activated in colon cancer. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major downstream target of the PI3K/ATK pathway and activates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. Rapamycin analogs Everolimus and Temsirolimus are non-ATP-competitive mTORC1 inhibitors, and suppress proliferation and tumor angiogenesis and invasion. We now show that apoptosis plays a key role in their anti-tumor activities in colon cancer cells and xenografts through the DR5, FADD and caspase-8 axis, and is strongly enhanced by TRAIL and 5-fluorouracil. The induction of DR5 by rapalogs is mediated by the ER stress regulator and transcription factor CHOP, but not the tumor suppressor p53, upon rapid and sustained inhibition of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, and attenuated by eIF4E expression. ATP-competitive mTOR/PI3K inhibitors also promote DR5 induction and FADD-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells. These results establish activation of ER stress and the death receptor pathway as a novel anticancer mechanism of mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K He
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - X Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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26
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Kim S, Ding W, Zhang L, Tian W, Chen S. Clinical response to sunitinib as a multitargeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) in solid cancers: a review of clinical trials. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:719-28. [PMID: 24872713 PMCID: PMC4026584 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s61388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an integral process in carcinogenesis, and molecular inhibitors of angiogenic factors are currently being tested as treatments for cancer. Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor that blocks activation through the stem cell-factor receptor (Kit) and platelet-derived growth-factor receptor. Sunitinib has shown potent antitumor activity against several solid tumors, including renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors in several Phase II/III trials. Recently, sunitinib has been used to treat other solid cancers, such as lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, chondrosarcoma, esophageal cancer, bladder cancer, glioma, and aggressive fibromatosis, and also showed potential efficacy in progression-free survival and overall survival. In this review, we examine the efficacy of sunitinib as a molecular-targeted therapy in patients with different types of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkyoung Kim
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Chen D, Wei L, Yu J, Zhang L. Regorafenib inhibits colorectal tumor growth through PUMA-mediated apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3472-84. [PMID: 24763611 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor targeting the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms of action of regorafenib in colorectal cancer cells have been unclear. We investigated how regorafenib suppresses colorectal cancer cell growth and potentiates effects of other chemotherapeutic drugs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We determined whether and how regorafenib induces the expression of PUMA, a p53 target and a critical mediator of apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. We also investigated whether PUMA is necessary for the killing and chemosensitization effects of regorafenib in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, xenograft tumors were used to test if PUMA mediates the in vivo antitumor, antiangiogenic, and chemosensitization effects of regorafenib. RESULTS We found that regorafenib treatment induces PUMA in colorectal cancer cells irrespective of p53 status through the NF-κB pathway following ERK inhibition and glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation. Upregulation of PUMA is correlated with apoptosis induction in different colorectal cancer cell lines. PUMA is necessary for regorafenib-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Chemosensitization by regorafenib is mediated by enhanced PUMA induction through different pathways. Furthermore, deficiency in PUMA abrogates the in vivo antitumor, antiangiogenic, and chemosensitization effects of regorafenib. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a key role of PUMA in mediating the anticancer effects of regorafenib in colorectal cancer cells. They suggest that PUMA induction can be used as an indicator of regorafenib sensitivity, and also provide a rationale for manipulating the apoptotic machinery to improve the therapeutic efficacy of regorafenib and other targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshi Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
| | - Liang Wei
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Yu
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lin Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
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28
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Sun J, Knickelbein K, He K, Chen D, Dudgeon C, Shu Y, Yu J, Zhang L. Aurora kinase inhibition induces PUMA via NF-κB to kill colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1298-308. [PMID: 24563542 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinases play a key role in mitosis and are frequently overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells. Inhibition of aurora kinases results in mitotic arrest and death of cancer cells, and has been explored as an anticancer strategy. However, how aurora inhibition kills cancer cells is poorly understood. In this study, we found that inhibition of aurora kinases by siRNA or small-molecule inhibitors led to induction of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a BH3-only Bcl-2 family protein, in colorectal cancer cells irrespective of p53 status. Deficiency in PUMA increased polyploidy, improved cell survival, and abrogated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis induced by aurora kinase inhibitors. In response to aurora kinase inhibition, PUMA was directly activated by p65 through the canonical NF-κB pathway following AKT inhibition. Furthermore, PUMA was necessary for the chemosensitization and in vivo antitumor effects of aurora kinase inhibitors in colon cancer cells. These results suggest that PUMA induction mediates the apoptotic response to mitotic arrest imposed by aurora kinase inhibition, and may be a useful indicator for the anticancer activity of aurora kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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29
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Zhang L, Yu J. Role of apoptosis in colon cancer biology, therapy, and prevention. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2013; 9:10.1007/s11888-013-0188-z. [PMID: 24273467 PMCID: PMC3836193 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-013-0188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of apoptosis is a hallmark of human cancer and contributes to therapeutic resistance. Recent advances in cancer genomics reveal a myriad of alterations in key pathways that directly or indirectly increase tumor cell survival. This review will outline the pathways of apoptosis in mammalian cells, and highlight the common alterations of apoptosis regulators found in colon cancer, the role of apoptosis and underlying mechanisms in colon cancer treatment and prevention, including recent advances on investigational agents, such as kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, HSP90 inhibitors, BH3 mimetics, TRAIL, and IAP antagonists. Topics will also include novel concepts, as well as opportunities and challenges for drug discovery and combination therapy by exploring cancer-specific genetic defects, and therefore selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Although the emphasis is on colon cancer, the main theme and many of the aspects are applicable to other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Jian Yu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
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30
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El Kaffas A, Al-Mahrouki A, Tran WT, Giles A, Czarnota GJ. Sunitinib effects on the radiation response of endothelial and breast tumor cells. Microvasc Res 2013; 92:1-9. [PMID: 24215790 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells are suggested regulators of tumor response to radiation. Anti-vascular targeting agents can enhance tumor response by targeting endothelial cells. Here, we have conducted experiments in vitro to discern the effects of radiation combined with the anti-angiogenic Sunitinib on endothelial (HUVEC) and tumor (MDA-MB-231) cells, and further compared findings to results obtained in vivo. METHODS In vitro and in vivo treatments consisted of single dose radiation therapy of 2, 4, 8 or 16 Gy administered alone or in combination with bFGF or Sunitinib. In vitro, in situ end labeling (ISEL) was used to assess 24-hour apoptotic cell death, and clonogenic assays were used to assess long-term response. In vivo MDA-MB-231 tumors were grown in CB-17 SCID mice. The vascular marker CD31 was used to assess 24-hour acute response while tumor clonogenic assays were used to assess long-term tumor cell viability following treatments. RESULTS Using in vitro studies, we observed an enhanced endothelial cell response to radiation doses of 8 and 16 Gy when compared to tumor cells. Administering Sunitinib alone significantly increased HUVEC cell death, while having modest additive effects when combined with radiation. Sunitinib also increased tumor cell death when combined with 8 and 16 Gy radiation doses. In comparison, we found that the clonogenic response of in vivo treated tumor cells more closely resembled that of in vitro treated endothelial cells than in vitro treated tumor cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the endothelium is an important regulator of tumor response to radiotherapy, and that Sunitinib can enhance tumor radiosensitivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Sunitinib is investigated in combination with radiotherapy on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Azza Al-Mahrouki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anoja Giles
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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31
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He K, Zheng X, Zhang L, Yu J. Hsp90 inhibitors promote p53-dependent apoptosis through PUMA and Bax. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2559-68. [PMID: 23966620 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is widely overexpressed in cancer cells and believed to be essential for the maintenance of malignant phenotypes. Targeting Hsp90 by small molecules has shown promise in solid and hematologic malignancies, which likely involves degradation of client oncoproteins in a cell-type-specific manner. In this study, we found that structurally unrelated Hsp90 inhibitors induce DNA damage and apoptosis via p53-dependent induction of PUMA, which indirectly triggers Bax activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in colon cancer cells. Deficiency in PUMA, BAX, or p53, at lesser extent, abrogated 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG)-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, and enhanced clonogenic cell survival. Furthermore, suppression of p53-dependent p21 induction or enhanced p53 activation synergized with 17-AAG to induce PUMA-dependent apoptosis. Finally, PUMA was found to mediate apoptotic and therapeutic responses to the 17-AAG analog 17-DMAG in xenografts. These results show an important role of the p53/PUMA/Bax axis in Hsp90 inhibitor-induced killing of p53 wild-type cells, and have important implications for their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan He
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xingnan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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32
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Barik S, Bhuniya A, Banerjee S, Das A, Sarkar M, Paul T, Ghosh T, Ghosh S, Roy S, Pal S, Bose A, Baral R. Neem leaf glycoprotein is superior than cisplatin and sunitinib malate in restricting melanoma growth by normalization of tumor microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:42-9. [PMID: 23747315 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have observed earlier that therapeutic treatment with neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP) inhibits murine B16-melanoma growth in vivo and improves survivability of treated mice. Anti-tumor effect of NLGP is directly associated with enhanced CD8(+) T cell activity and downregulation of suppressive cellular functions. Objective of this present study is to know the efficacy of NLGP in comparison to two popular drugs, Cisplatin and Sunitinib malate (Sutent) in relation to the modulation of tumor microenvironment (TME). Analysis of cytokine milieu within TME revealed IL-10, TGFβ, IL-6 rich type 2 characters was significantly switched to type 1 microenvironment with dominance of IFNγ and IL-2 within NLGP-TME, which was not found in other cases; however Cisplatin-TME appeared better in type 2 to type 1 conversion than Sutent-TME as evidenced by RT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemical analysis. NLGP-TME educated CD8(+) T cells exhibited greater cytotoxicity to B16 Melanoma cells in vitro and these cells showed comparatively higher expression of cytotoxicity related molecules, perforin and granzyme B than Cisplatin-TME and Sutent-TME educated T cells. Adoptive transfer of NLGP-TME exposed T cells, but not PBS-TME exposed cells in mice, is able to significantly inhibit the growth of melanoma in vivo. Such tumor growth inhibition was in significantly lower extent when therapeutic CD8(+) T cells were exposed to either Cisplatin-TME or Sutent-TME or control-TME. Accumulated evidences strongly suggest that non toxic NLGP normalized TME allows T cells to perform optimally than other TMEs under study to inhibit the melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Barik
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
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Bellou S, Pentheroudakis G, Murphy C, Fotsis T. Anti-angiogenesis in cancer therapy: Hercules and hydra. Cancer Lett 2013; 338:219-28. [PMID: 23707856 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumours initiate angiogenesis to support their growth by producing growth factors such as VEGF. Depriving the tumour of the excessive vessels that support its growth became the target for developing anti-angiogenic agents that could provide, in combination with chemotherapy, improved anti-cancer treatment. Naturally most agents targeted VEGF and its signalling cascades. Almost 10 years have lapsed since the first anti-angiogenic drug approved by the FDA in 2004 (a humanized antibody inhibiting VEGF-A) and several other agents followed afterwards. There is sufficient accumulated experience to conclude that the clinical results of anti-angiogenic therapy are very modest resulting in moderate improvement in overall survival. Moreover, the clinical outcome is associated with the development of resistance to the anti-angiogenic agent and the increased risk of invasion and metastasis. The initial expectations are, as yet, unfilled, and the entire concept and strategy of the anti-angiogenic intervention in cancer requires re-evaluation. In the present Mini Review we discuss these issues emphasising the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bellou
- Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Research, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Zheng X, He K, Zhang L, Yu J. Crizotinib induces PUMA-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:777-86. [PMID: 23427294 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic alterations in MET or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) have been identified in a variety of human cancers. Crizotinib (PF02341066) is a dual MET and ALK inhibitor and approved for the treatment of a subset of non-small cell lung carcinoma and in clinical development for other malignancies. Crizotinib can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, whereas the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we found that crizotinib induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells through the BH3-only protein PUMA. In cells with wild-type p53, crizotinib induces rapid induction of PUMA and Bim accompanied by p53 stabilization and DNA damage response. The induction of PUMA and Bim is mediated largely by p53, and deficiency in PUMA or p53, but not Bim, blocks crizotinib-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, MET knockdown led to selective induction of PUMA, but not Bim or p53. Crizotinib also induced PUMA-dependent apoptosis in p53-deficient colon cancer cells and synergized with gefitinib or sorafenib to induce marked apoptosis via PUMA in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, PUMA deficiency suppressed apoptosis and therapeutic responses to crizotinib in xenograft models. These results establish a critical role of PUMA in mediating apoptotic responses of colon cancer cells to crizotinib and suggest that mechanisms of oncogenic addiction to MET/ALK-mediated survival may be cell type-specific. These findings have important implications for future clinical development of crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingnan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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