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Valero-Muñoz M, Sam F. Endothelin-1: Is it Time to "Biomark" the Cardiac-Tumor-Treatment Nexus in Breast Cancer? JACC CardioOncol 2023; 5:701-703. [PMID: 37969651 PMCID: PMC10635882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Valero-Muñoz
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Flora Sam
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Dmour BA, Costache AD, Dmour A, Huzum B, Duca ȘT, Chetran A, Miftode RȘ, Afrăsânie I, Tuchiluș C, Cianga CM, Botnariu G, Șerban LI, Ciocoiu M, Bădescu CM, Costache II. Could Endothelin-1 Be a Promising Neurohormonal Biomarker in Acute Heart Failure? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2277. [PMID: 37443671 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure (AHF) is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality. Even though this pathology has been extensively researched, there are still challenges in establishing an accurate and early diagnosis, determining the long- and short-term prognosis and choosing a targeted therapeutic strategy. The use of reliable biomarkers to support clinical judgment has been shown to improve the management of AHF patients. Despite a large pool of interesting candidate biomarkers, endothelin-1 (ET-1) appears to be involved in multiple aspects of AHF pathogenesis that include neurohormonal activation, cardiac remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, atherosclerosis and alteration of the renal function. Since its discovery, numerous studies have shown that the level of ET-1 is associated with the severity of symptoms and cardiac dysfunction in this pathology. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing information on ET-1 and answer the question of whether this neurohormone could be a promising biomarker in AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca-Ana Dmour
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dan Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iași, Romania
| | - Awad Dmour
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan Huzum
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Physiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ștefania Teodora Duca
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Cardiology Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Adriana Chetran
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Cardiology Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Radu Ștefan Miftode
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Cardiology Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Afrăsânie
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Cardiology Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Tuchiluș
- Department of Microbiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Microbiology Laboratory, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Corina Maria Cianga
- Immunology Laboratory, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Immunology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Gina Botnariu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Ionela Șerban
- Department of Physiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Codruța Minerva Bădescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Cardiology Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
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3
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Ho BX, Pang JKS, Chen Y, Loh YH, An O, Yang HH, Seshachalam VP, Koh JLY, Chan WK, Ng SY, Soh BS. Robust generation of human-chambered cardiac organoids from pluripotent stem cells for improved modelling of cardiovascular diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:529. [PMID: 36544188 PMCID: PMC9773542 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells are valuable tools for disease modelling and to understand developmental processes. While recent progress in human cardiac organoids revealed the ability of these stem cell-derived organoids to self-organize and intrinsically formed chamber-like structure containing a central cavity, it remained unclear the processes involved that enabled such chamber formation. METHODS Chambered cardiac organoids (CCOs) differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (H7) were generated by modulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling under fully defined conditions, and several growth factors essential for cardiac progenitor expansion. Transcriptomic profiling of day 8, day 14 and day 21 CCOs was performed by quantitative PCR and single-cell RNA sequencing. Endothelin-1 (EDN1) known to induce oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes was used to induce cardiac hypertrophy in CCOs in vitro. Functional characterization of cardiomyocyte contractile machinery was performed by immunofluorescence staining and analysis of brightfield and fluorescent video recordings. Quantitative PCR values between groups were compared using two-tailed Student's t tests. Cardiac organoid parameters comparison between groups was performed using two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test when sample size is small; otherwise, Welch's t test was used. Comparison of calcium kinetics parameters derived from the fluorescent data was performed using two-tailed Student's t tests. RESULTS Importantly, we demonstrated that a threshold number of cardiac progenitor was essential to line the circumference of the inner cavity to ensure proper formation of a chamber within the organoid. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed improved maturation over a time course, as evidenced from increased mRNA expression of cardiomyocyte maturation genes, ion channel genes and a metabolic shift from glycolysis to fatty acid ß-oxidation. Functionally, CCOs recapitulated clinical cardiac hypertrophy by exhibiting thickened chamber walls, reduced fractional shortening, and increased myofibrillar disarray upon treatment with EDN1. Furthermore, electrophysiological assessment of calcium transients displayed tachyarrhythmic phenotype observed as a consequence of rapid depolarization occurring prior to a complete repolarization. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed novel insights into the role of progenitors in CCO formation and pave the way for the robust generation of cardiac organoids, as a platform for future applications in disease modelling and drug screening in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Xuan Ho
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Disease Modelling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Disease Modelling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Ying Chen
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077 Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Omer An
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Henry He Yang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Veerabrahma Pratap Seshachalam
- grid.510300.7Computational Phenomics Group, Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138670 Singapore
| | - Judice L. Y. Koh
- grid.510300.7Computational Phenomics Group, Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138670 Singapore
| | - Woon-Khiong Chan
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore ,grid.276809.20000 0004 0636 696XNational Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Boon Seng Soh
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Disease Modelling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
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Thabet NM, Abdel-Rafei MK, Moustafa EM. Boswellic acid protects against Bisphenol-A and gamma radiation induced hepatic steatosis and cardiac remodelling in rats: role of hepatic PPAR-α/P38 and cardiac Calcineurin-A/NFATc1/P38 pathways. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:767-785. [PMID: 32057248 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1727526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) and gamma-radiation are two risky environmental pollutants that human beings are exposed to in everyday life and consequently they threaten human health via inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and eventually tissue damage. This study aims at appraising the protective effect of Boswellic Acid (BA) (250 mg/kg/day, orally) administration on BPA (150 mg/kg/day, i.p) and γ-irradiation (IR) (3 Gy/week for 4 weeks up to cumulative dose of 12 Gy/experimental course) for 4 weeks-induced damage to liver and heart tissues of rats. The present results indicated a significant improvement against damage induced by BPA and IR revealed in biochemical investigations (hepatic PPAR-α/P38 and cardiac ET-1/Calcineurin-A/NFATc1/P38) and histopathological examination of liver and heart. It could be concluded that BA possesses a protective effect against these two deleterious environmental pollutants which attracted major global concerns due to their serious toxicological impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura M Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas M Moustafa
- Radiation Biology Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Johansson M, Tangruksa B, Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Jeppsson A, Sartipy P, Synnergren J. Data Mining Identifies CCN2 and THBS1 as Biomarker Candidates for Cardiac Hypertrophy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050726. [PMID: 35629393 PMCID: PMC9147176 DOI: 10.3390/life12050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a condition that may contribute to the development of heart failure. In this study, we compare the gene-expression patterns of our in vitro stem-cell-based cardiac hypertrophy model with the gene expression of biopsies collected from hypertrophic human hearts. Twenty-five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from both groups were identified and the expression of selected corresponding secreted proteins were validated using ELISA and Western blot. Several biomarkers, including CCN2, THBS1, NPPA, and NPPB, were identified, which showed significant overexpressions in the hypertrophic samples in both the cardiac biopsies and in the endothelin-1-treated cells, both at gene and protein levels. The protein-interaction network analysis revealed CCN2 as a central node among the 25 overlapping DEGs, suggesting that this gene might play an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. GO-enrichment analysis of the 25 DEGs revealed many biological processes associated with cardiac function and the development of cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, we identified important similarities between ET-1-stimulated human-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human hypertrophic cardiac tissue. Novel putative cardiac hypertrophy biomarkers were identified and validated on the protein level, lending support for further investigations to assess their potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Johansson
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden; (S.H.-H.); (P.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.T.)
| | - Benyapa Tangruksa
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden; (S.H.-H.); (P.S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.T.)
| | - Sepideh Heydarkhan-Hagvall
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden; (S.H.-H.); (P.S.); (J.S.)
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-413 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Sartipy
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden; (S.H.-H.); (P.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden; (S.H.-H.); (P.S.); (J.S.)
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6
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Multi-Omics Characterization of a Human Stem Cell-Based Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020293. [PMID: 35207580 PMCID: PMC8875317 DOI: 10.3390/life12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an important and independent risk factor for the development of cardiac myopathy that may lead to heart failure. The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac hypertrophy are yet not well understood. To increase the knowledge about mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, we have developed a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy and performed extensive characterization using a multi-omics approach. In a series of experiments, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were stimulated with Endothelin-1 for 8, 24, 48, and 72 h, and their transcriptome and secreted proteome were analyzed. The transcriptomic data show many enriched canonical pathways related to cardiac hypertrophy already at the earliest time point, e.g., cardiac hypertrophy signaling. An integrated transcriptome–secretome analysis enabled the identification of multimodal biomarkers that may prove highly relevant for monitoring early cardiac hypertrophy progression. Taken together, the results from this study demonstrate that our in vitro model displays a hypertrophic response on both transcriptomic- and secreted-proteomic levels. The results also shed novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy, and novel putative early cardiac hypertrophy biomarkers have been identified that warrant further investigation to assess their potential clinical relevance.
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7
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Bourque K, Hawey C, Jones-Tabah J, Pétrin D, Martin RD, Ling Sun Y, Hébert TE. Measuring hypertrophy in neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Methods 2021; 203:447-464. [PMID: 34933120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, left ventricular hypertrophy is initially an adaptive mechanism that increases wall thickness to preserve normal cardiac output and function in the face of coronary artery disease or hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy develops in response to pressure and volume overload but can also be seen in inherited cardiomyopathies. As the wall thickens, it becomes stiffer impairing the distribution of oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. With complex cellular signalling and transcriptional networks involved in the establishment of the hypertrophic state, several model systems have been developed to better understand the molecular drivers of disease. Immortalized cardiomyocyte cell lines, primary rodent and larger animal models have all helped understand the pathological mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are also used and have the additional benefit of providing access to human samples with direct disease relevance as when generated from patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Here, we briefly review in vitro and in vivo model systems that have been used to model hypertrophy and provide detailed methods to isolate primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes as well as to generate cardiomyocytes from human iPSCs. We also describe how to model hypertrophy in a "dish" using gene expression analysis and immunofluorescence combined with automated high-content imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cara Hawey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jace Jones-Tabah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ryan D Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yi Ling Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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8
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Knight WE, Cao Y, Lin YH, Chi C, Bai B, Sparagna GC, Zhao Y, Du Y, Londono P, Reisz JA, Brown BC, Taylor MRG, Ambardekar AV, Cleveland JC, McKinsey TA, Jeong MY, Walker LA, Woulfe KC, D'Alessandro A, Chatfield KC, Xu H, Bristow MR, Buttrick PM, Song K. Maturation of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Enables Modeling of Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:519-533. [PMID: 33636116 PMCID: PMC7940251 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a powerful platform for biomedical research. However, they are immature, which is a barrier to modeling adult-onset cardiovascular disease. Here, we sought to develop a simple method that could drive cultured hiPSC-CMs toward maturity across a number of phenotypes, with the aim of utilizing mature hiPSC-CMs to model human cardiovascular disease. hiPSC-CMs were cultured in fatty acid-based medium and plated on micropatterned surfaces. These cells display many characteristics of adult human cardiomyocytes, including elongated cell morphology, sarcomeric maturity, and increased myofibril contractile force. In addition, mature hiPSC-CMs develop pathological hypertrophy, with associated myofibril relaxation defects, in response to either a pro-hypertrophic agent or genetic mutations. The more mature hiPSC-CMs produced by these methods could serve as a useful in vitro platform for characterizing cardiovascular disease. Standard (glucose) cultured hiPSC-CMs demonstrate a blunted hypertrophic response A maturation method induces hiPSC-CM maturation and suppresses HIF1A expression Mature hiPSC-CMs demonstrate improved sarcomeric morphology and contractility Mature hiPSC-CMs respond to agonist- or mutation-induced hypertrophy
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Knight
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yingqiong Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ying-Hsi Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Congwu Chi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Betty Bai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yuanbiao Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yanmei Du
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pilar Londono
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Benjamin C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joseph C Cleveland
- The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark Y Jeong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lori A Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathleen C Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Michael R Bristow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter M Buttrick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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9
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Dzhalilova D, Makarova O. Differences in Tolerance to Hypoxia: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular-Biological Characteristics. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E428. [PMID: 33080959 PMCID: PMC7603118 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role in the development of many infectious, inflammatory, and tumor diseases. The predisposition to such disorders is mostly provided by differences in basic tolerance to oxygen deficiency, which we discuss in this review. Except the direct exposure of different-severity hypoxia in decompression chambers or in highland conditions, there are no alternative methods for determining organism tolerance. Due to the variability of the detection methods, differences in many parameters between tolerant and susceptible organisms are still not well-characterized, but some of them can serve as biomarkers of susceptibility to hypoxia. At the moment, several potential biomarkers in conditions after hypoxic exposure have been identified both in experimental animals and humans. The main potential biomarkers are Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1, Heat-Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), and NO. Due to the different mechanisms of various high-altitude diseases, biomarkers may not be highly specific and universal. Therefore, it is extremely important to conduct research on hypoxia susceptibility biomarkers. Moreover, it is important to develop a method for the evaluation of organisms' basic hypoxia tolerance without the necessity of any oxygen deficiency exposure. This can contribute to new personalized medicine approaches' development for diagnostics and the treatment of inflammatory and tumor diseases, taking into account hypoxia tolerance differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzhuliia Dzhalilova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Research Institute of Human Morphology’, Moscow 117418, Russia;
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10
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Aguayo-Cerón KA, Calzada-Mendoza CC, Méndez-Bolaina E, Romero-Nava R, Ocharan-Hernández ME. The regulatory effect of bromocriptine on cardiac hypertrophy by prolactin and D2 receptor modulation. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 42:675-679. [PMID: 32478610 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1772814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, used for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia, type 2 diabetes, ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome, has also effects on the cardiac remodeling process, but the mechanism of action is unknown. The aim of this work was to determinate the effect during hypertrophic process through molecular mechanisms that include prolactin receptor (Prlr) and receptor of dopamine 2 (D2 r) expression. METHODS We used a model of cardiac hypertrophy induced by an aortocaval fistula (ACF) surgery in rats. Protein concentrations of D2 r and Prlr were determined by western blotting. The treatment consisted in water (control), captopril (50 mg/kg/day), bromocriptine (3 mg/kg/day), and ACF group (n = 6 per group). RESULTS Our results showed that bromocriptine treatment decreases the hypertrophy index. Treatment with bromocriptine increases the protein expression of Prlr and D2 r in the cardiac tissue of rats with cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that bromocriptine has a protective effect on cardiac hypertrophy, and due to this effect, it may modulate the expression of Prlr and D2 r, which are involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Aidee Aguayo-Cerón
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior De Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina , México City, México
| | - Claudia Camelia Calzada-Mendoza
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior De Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina , México City, México
| | | | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior De Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina , México City, México.,Departamento de Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) , México City, México
| | - María Esther Ocharan-Hernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior De Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina , México City, México
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11
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Galat Y, Perepitchka M, Elcheva I, Iannaccone S, Iannaccone PM, Galat V. iPSC-derived progenitor stromal cells provide new insights into aberrant musculoskeletal development and resistance to cancer in down syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13252. [PMID: 32764607 PMCID: PMC7414019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a congenital disorder caused by trisomy 21 (T21). It is associated with cognitive impairment, muscle hypotonia, heart defects, and other clinical anomalies. At the same time, individuals with Down syndrome have lower prevalence of solid tumor formation. To gain new insights into aberrant DS development during early stages of mesoderm formation and its possible connection to lower solid tumor prevalence, we developed the first model of two types of DS iPSC-derived stromal cells. Utilizing bioinformatic and functional analyses, we identified over 100 genes with coordinated expression among mesodermal and endothelial cell types. The most significantly down-regulated processes in DS mesodermal progenitors were associated with decreased stromal progenitor performance related to connective tissue organization as well as muscle development and functionality. The differentially expressed genes included cytoskeleton-related genes (actin and myosin), ECM genes (Collagens, Galectin-1, Fibronectin, Heparan Sulfate, LOX, FAK1), cell cycle genes (USP16, S1P complexes), and DNA damage repair genes. For DS endothelial cells, our analysis revealed most down-regulated genes associated with cellular response to external stimuli, cell migration, and immune response (inflammation-based). Together with functional assays, these results suggest an impairment in mesodermal development capacity during early stages, which likely translates into connective tissue impairment in DS patients. We further determined that, despite differences in functional processes and characteristics, a significant number of differentially regulated genes involved in tumorigenesis were expressed in a highly coordinated manner across endothelial and mesodermal cells. These findings strongly suggest that microRNAs (miR-24-4, miR-21), cytoskeleton remodeling, response to stimuli, and inflammation can impact resistance to tumorigenesis in DS patients. Furthermore, we also show that endothelial cell functionality is impaired, and when combined with angiogenic inhibition, it can provide another mechanism for decreased solid tumor development. We propose that the same processes, which specify the basis of connective tissue impairment observed in DS patients, potentially impart a resistance to cancer by hindering tumor progression and metastasis. We further establish that cancer-related genes on Chromosome 21 are up-regulated, while genome-wide cancer-related genes are down-regulated. These results suggest that trisomy 21 induces a modified regulation and compensation of many biochemical pathways across the genome. Such downstream interactions may contribute toward promoting tumor resistant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mariana Perepitchka
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Irina Elcheva
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip M Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vasiliy Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Cheng Q, Gu J, Adhikari BK, Sun L, Sun J. Is CD47 a potentially promising therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases? - Role of CD47 in cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci 2020; 247:117426. [PMID: 32061866 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD47 is both a receptor for the matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and a ligand for signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα). Suppression of CD47 activity enhances angiogenesis and blood flow, restores phagocytosis by macrophages, improves ischemic tissue survival, attenuates ischemia reperfusion injury, and reverses atherosclerotic plaque formation. In conclusion, these observations suggest a pathogenic role of CD47 in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and indicate that CD47 might be a potentially promising molecular target for treating CVDs. Herein, we highlight the role of CD47 in the CVD pathogenesis and discuss the potential clinical application by targeting CD47 for treating CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanli Cheng
- The First Hospital and Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- The School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Binay Kumar Adhikari
- The First Hospital and Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liguang Sun
- The First Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- The First Hospital and Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Zlabinger K, Spannbauer A, Traxler D, Gugerell A, Lukovic D, Winkler J, Mester-Tonczar J, Podesser B, Gyöngyösi M. MiR-21, MiR-29a, GATA4, and MEF2c Expression Changes in Endothelin-1 and Angiotensin II Cardiac Hypertrophy Stimulated Isl-1 +Sca-1 +c-kit + Porcine Cardiac Progenitor Cells In Vitro. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111416. [PMID: 31717562 PMCID: PMC6912367 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cost- and time-intensive porcine translational disease models offer great opportunities to test drugs and therapies for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and can be supported by porcine cell culture models that provide further insights into basic disease mechanisms. Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) residing in the adult heart have been shown to differentiate in vitro into cardiomyocytes and could contribute to cardiac regeneration. Therefore, it is important to evaluate their changes on the cellular level caused by disease. We successfully isolated Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ porcine CPCs (pCPCs) from pig hearts and stimulated them with endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) in vitro. We also performed a cardiac reprogramming transfection and tested the same conditions. Our results show that undifferentiated Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ pCPCs were significantly upregulated in GATA4, MEF2c, and miR-29a gene expressions and in BNP and MCP-1 protein expressions with Ang II stimulation, but they showed no significant changes in miR-29a and MCP-1 when stimulated with ET-1. Differentiated Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ pCPCs exhibited significantly higher levels of MEF2c, GATA4, miR-29a, and miR-21 as well as Cx43 and BNP with Ang II stimulation. pMx-MGT-transfected Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ pCPCs showed significant elevations in MEF2c, GATA4, and BNP expressions when stimulated with ET-1. Our model demonstrates that in vitro stimulation leads to successful Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ pCPC hypertrophy with upregulation of cardiac remodeling associated genes and profibrotic miRNAs and offers great possibilities for further investigations of disease mechanisms and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zlabinger
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (M.G.); Tel.: +43(0)-140-400-48520 (K.Z.)
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Denise Traxler
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Julia Mester-Tonczar
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Bruno Podesser
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Biomedical Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (M.G.); Tel.: +43(0)-140-400-48520 (K.Z.)
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14
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Budzyń M, Gryszczyńka B, Boruczkowski M, Kaczmarek M, Begier-Krasińska B, Osińska A, Bukowska A, Iskra M, Kasprzak MP. The Potential Role of Circulating Endothelial Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in the Prediction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1005. [PMID: 31447695 PMCID: PMC6696897 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The main aim of present study is to evaluate the potential role of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) – representing specific markers of endothelial damage, in the prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients categorized into two groups; mild (MH) and resistant hypertension (RH). Materials and Methods Thirty patients with MH and 28 subjects with RH were involved in the study. In both groups, patients were divided into an LVH and non-LVH group. The control group included 33 age and sex-matched normotensive volunteers. Physical examination, laboratory tests and echocardiography were conducted. Results In both the MH and RH group, patients with as well as without LVH demonstrated a higher number of CECs and a lower ratio of CEPCs/CECs as compared to the healthy control. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association of CEPCs with left ventricular mass (LVM) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI), independently of other confounders. Conclusion Our results suggest that endothelial injury observed as an elevated CECs number and its impaired regeneration, reflected by a lowered CEPCs/CECs ratio, precede LVH occurrence and may play a significant role in LVH development regardless of the clinical severity of hypertension. Moreover, independent correlation of CEPCs with echocardiographic (ECG) incidences of LVH suggests their potential use as a screening biomarker to stratify the risk of LVH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Budzyń
- Department of General Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogna Gryszczyńka
- Department of General Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Boruczkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Begier-Krasińska
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology, and Internal Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Angelika Osińska
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology, and Internal Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Bukowska
- Medical Analysis Laboratory, Regional Blood Center, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Iskra
- Department of General Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Paulina Kasprzak
- Department of General Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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15
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Deisl C, Fine M, Moe OW, Hilgemann DW. Hypertrophy of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes supported by positive feedback between Ca 2+ and diacylglycerol signals. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1143-1157. [PMID: 31250095 PMCID: PMC6614165 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes develop pronounced hypertrophy in response to angiotensin-2, endothelin-1, and a selected mix of three fatty acids. All three of these responses are accompanied by increases in both basal cytoplasmic Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, quantified with the Ca2+ sensor Fluo-4 and a FRET-based diacylglycerol sensor expressed in these cardiomyocytes. The heart glycoside, ouabain (30 nM), and a recently developed inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipases, DO34 (1 μM), cause similar hypertrophy responses, and both responses are accompanied by equivalent increases of basal Ca2+ and diacylglycerol. These results together suggest that basal Ca2+ and diacylglycerol form a positive feedback signaling loop that promotes execution of cardiac growth programs in these human myocytes. Given that basal Ca2+ in myocytes depends strongly on the Na+ gradient, we also tested whether nanomolar ouabain concentrations might stimulate Na+/K+ pumps, as described by others, and thereby prevent hypertrophy. However, stimulatory effects of nanomolar ouabain (1.5 nM) were not verified on Na+/K+ pump currents in stem cell-derived myocytes, nor did nanomolar ouabain block hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1. Thus, low-dose ouabain is not a "protective" intervention under the conditions of these experiments in this human myocyte model. To summarize, the major aim of this study has been to characterize the progression of hypertrophy in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes in dependence on diacylglycerol and Na+ gradient changes, developing a case that positive feedback coupling between these mechanisms plays an important role in the initiation of hypertrophy programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Deisl
- Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
| | - Michael Fine
- Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Donald W Hilgemann
- Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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16
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Chen YL, Xu W, Rosa RH, Kuo L, Hein TW. Hyperglycemia Enhances Constriction of Retinal Venules via Activation of the Reverse-Mode Sodium-Calcium Exchanger. Diabetes 2019; 68:1624-1634. [PMID: 31088854 PMCID: PMC6692814 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with hyperglycemia and impairment of retinal microvascular function. However, the impact of hyperglycemia on retinal venular constriction remains unknown. We examined retinal venular responsiveness to endogenous vasoconstrictors and the contribution of the reverse-mode sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) to these responses during hyperglycemia. Retinal venules were isolated from pigs with streptozocin-induced diabetes (2 weeks, in vivo hyperglycemia) and age-matched control pigs for vasoreactivity and molecular studies. For in vitro hyperglycemia, vessels from euglycemic pigs were exposed to high glucose (25 mmol/L) for 2 h, and 5 mmol/L glucose served as the control. Constrictions of venules from euglycemic pigs to endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane analog U46619, and norepinephrine were mediated by ETA, thromboxane, and α2-adrenergic receptors, respectively, and were insensitive to reverse-mode NCX blockade (KB-R7943). In vivo hyperglycemia enhanced these vasoconstrictions without altering respective receptor mRNA expression. Similarly, in vitro hyperglycemia augmented venular constrictions. Enhanced vasoconstrictions during hyperglycemia were prevented by KB-R7943, while mRNA expression of venular NCX isoforms was unaltered. In vivo hyperglycemia increased vitreous levels of ET-1 but not thromboxane B2 In conclusion, both in vitro and in vivo hyperglycemia enhance retinal venular responses to endogenous vasoconstrictors by activating reverse-mode NCX. Therapies targeting this vascular molecule may alleviate retinal complications during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX
- Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX
- Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX
- Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX
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Zhang M, Wu H, Guo F, Yu Y, Wei J, Geng Y, Wang S, Li S, Yang H. Identification of active components in Yixinshu Capsule with protective effects against myocardial dysfunction on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes by an integrative approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:1469-1480. [PMID: 28604846 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00813e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations have significant effects on some refractory diseases; however, these compositions are complex and their mechanisms are unknown. Identification of the active components in these preparations is essential. The mortality rate for heart failure (HF) has been increasing in recent years, and myocardial dysfunction (MD) has been proved to be the pathological basis of HF. Yixinshu Capsule (YXSC) is a multi-component oral drug with therapeutic effects on HF. However, the key active components are still unclear. In this study, YXSC intestinal absorption liquid (IAL) was used and 62 compounds were identified by an analytical chemistry approach. Then, a compound - target - function network was established with a bioinformatics analysis tool. Finally, a cell model of MD on human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) was used to verify the therapeutic effects of the active components of YXSC. Schisandrin A (Sch A) and schisandrin B (Sch B) were demonstrated to be the active components of YXSC by attenuating endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced contraction dysfunction, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) content elevation, and the morphological changes of hiPS-CMs. For the first time, our data illustrate the potent protective effects of Sch A and Sch B on ET-1-induced dysfunctional hiPS-CMs and revealed their effective targets and pathways. The integrative approach used in our study was applied to identify active components in TCM preparations and excavate the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. and Post-Doctoral Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Junying Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ya Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Shiyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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18
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Rosales W, Lizcano F. The Histone Demethylase JMJD2A Modulates the Induction of Hypertrophy Markers in iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Genet 2018; 9:14. [PMID: 29479368 PMCID: PMC5811633 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cardiovascular pathologies is partly attributed to epigenetic causes, including histone methylation, which appears to be an important marker in hearts that develop cardiac hypertrophy. Previous studies showed that the histone demethylase JMJD2A can regulate the hypertrophic process in murine cardiomyocytes. However, the influence of JMJD2A on cardiac hypertrophy in a human cardiomyocyte model is still poorly understood. In the present study, cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were used. Hypertrophy was induced by angiotensin II and endothelin-1 (ET-1), and transfections were performed to overexpress JMJD2A and for small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced silencing of JMJD2A. Gene expression analyses were determined using RT-PCR and Western blot. The expression levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), natriuretic peptide A (ANP), and beta myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) were increased by nearly 2–10-fold with ET-1 compared with the control. However, a higher level of JMJD2A and UTX was detected, whereas the level of JMJD2C was lower. When cardiomyocytes were transiently transfected with JMJD2A, an increase close to 150% in BNP was observed, and this increase was greater after treatment with ET-1. To verify the specificity of JMJD2A activity, a knockdown was performed by means of siRNA-JMJD2A, which led to a significant reduction in BNP. The involvement of JMJD2A suggests that histone-specific modifications are associated with genes encoding proteins that are actively transcribed during the hypertrophy process. Since BNP is closely related to JMJD2A expression, we suggest that there could be a direct influence of JMJD2A on the expression of BNP. These results may be studied further to reduce cardiac hypertrophy via the regulation of epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Rosales
- Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
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Alonso-Montes C, Rodríguez-Reguero J, Martín M, Gómez J, Coto E, Naves-Díaz M, Morís C, Cannata-Andía JB, Rodríguez I. Rare genetic variants in GATA transcription factors in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Investig Med 2017; 65:926-934. [PMID: 28381408 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a very heterogeneous disease. Although primarily caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, other genes might explain that heterogeneity. Potential candidate genes are GATA transcription factors that regulate the expression of proteins associated with HCM. Exons of GATA2, GATA4, and GATA6 genes were sequenced in 212 patients with unrelated HCM previously analyzed for genes encoding the most frequently mutated sarcomeric proteins. Functional effects of variants were predicted by in silico analyses. 3 potentially pathogenic variants were identified: c.-77G>A in GATA2, p.Ala343Thr (rs370588269) in GATA4, and p.Pro555Ala (rs146243018) in GATA6 Multivariate analyses showed that angina was more frequent in patients carrying sarcomeric and GATA rare variants (55% vs 23.2% in non-carriers of GATA rare variants, OR (95% CI) 7.12 (1.23 to 41.27), p=0.029). Among patients without a known causal mutation, GATA rare variants were associated with a greater maximum posterior wall thickness (16.4±4.4 vs 14.0±3.1 mm in non-carriers, p=0.021). Thus, variants having a putative effect on GATA genes would alter the expression of their target genes and could modify the hypertrophic response. Therefore, although relatively infrequent in patients with HCM, they may represent a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julián Rodríguez-Reguero
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Fundación Asturcor, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Fundación Asturcor, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain
| | - César Morís
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Fundación Asturcor, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge B Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain
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20
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Huang Q, Cai B. Exosomes as New Intercellular Mediators in Development and Therapeutics of Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 998:91-100. [PMID: 28936734 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is a common cardiac condition in response to hemodynamic and neurohormonal alterations. Pathological hypertrophic growth in hearts caused the decline of cardiac functions, and finally developed into congestive heart failure. The exosomes are small membrane vesicles which are secreted by various cells and play important roles in cellular communication, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Recent studies uncovered that the exosomes from cardiac fibroblasts and other tissues participates in the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Nevertheless, cardiac progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes confer protective action on myocardial hypertrophy. Thus, the exosomes serve as new intercellular mediators between cardiomyocytes and other cells, and show broad application potential in the diagnostic and therapy of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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21
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Role of Histone Demethylases in Cardiomyocytes Induced to Hypertrophy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2634976. [PMID: 27722168 PMCID: PMC5046009 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2634976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes induced by histone demethylases play an important role in differentiation and pathological changes in cardiac cells. However, the role of the jumonji family of demethylases in the development of cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive. In this study, the presence of different histone demethylases in cardiac cells was evaluated after hypertrophy was induced with neurohormones. A cell line from rat cardiomyocytes was used as a biological model. The phenotypic profiles of the cells, as well as the expression of histone demethylases, were studied through immunofluorescence, transient transfection, western blot, and qRT-PCR analysis after inducing hypertrophy by angiotensin II and endothelin-1. An increase in fetal gene expression (ANP, BNP, and β-MHC) was observed in cardiomyocytes after treatment with angiotensin II and endothelin-1. A significant increase in JMJD2A expression, but not in UTX or JMJD2C expression, was observed. When JMJD2A was overexpressed in cardiomyocytes through transient transfection, the effect of neurohormones on fetal cardiac gene expression was increased. We conclude that JMJD2A plays a principal role in the regulation of fetal cardiac genes, which increase in expression during the pathological hypertrophic process.
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22
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MicroRNA-29a-3p attenuates ET-1-induced hypertrophic responses in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Gene 2016; 585:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Dewey CM, Spitler KM, Ponce JM, Hall DD, Grueter CE. Cardiac-Secreted Factors as Peripheral Metabolic Regulators and Potential Disease Biomarkers. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003101. [PMID: 27247337 PMCID: PMC4937259 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Dewey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kathryn M Spitler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jessica M Ponce
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Duane D Hall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chad E Grueter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Papajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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24
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Cardiomyocyte Antihypertrophic Effect of Adipose Tissue Conditioned Medium from Rats and Its Abrogation by Obesity is Mediated by the Leptin to Adiponectin Ratio. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145992. [PMID: 26731409 PMCID: PMC4701500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipocytes are known to function as endocrine organs by secreting a plethora of bioactive adipokines which can regulate cardiac function including the development of hypertrophy. We determined whether adipose tissue conditioned medium (ATCM) generated from the epididymal regions of normal rats can affect the hypertrophic response of cultured rat ventricular myocytes to endothelin-1 (ET-1) administration. Myocytes were treated with ET-1 (10 nM) for 24 hours in the absence or presence of increasing ATCM concentrations. ATCM supressed the hypertrophic response to ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect enhanced by the leptin receptor antagonist and attenuated by an antibody against the adiponectin AdipoR1 receptor. Antihypertrophic effects were also observed with ATCM generated from perirenal-derived adipose tissue. However, this effect was absent in ATCM from adipose tissue harvested from corpulent JCR:LA-cp rats. Detailed analyses of adipokine content in ATCM from normal and corpulent rats revealed no differences in the majority of products assayed, although a significant increase in leptin concentrations concomitant with decreased adiponectin levels was observed, resulting in a 11 fold increase in the leptin to adiponectin ratio in ATCM from JCR:LA-cp. The antihypertrophic effect of ATCM was associated with increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an effect abrogated by the AdipoR1 antibody. Moreover, the antihypertrophic effect of ATCM was mimicked by an AMPK activator. There was no effect of ET-1 on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities 24 hour after its addition either in the presence or absence of ATCM. Our study suggests that adipose tissue from healthy subjects exerts antihypertrophic effects via an adiponectin–dependent pathway which is impaired in obesity, most likely due to adipocyte remodelling resulting in enhanced leptin and reduced adiponectin levels.
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25
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Dolatshad NF, Hellen N, Jabbour RJ, Harding SE, Földes G. G-protein Coupled Receptor Signaling in Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiovascular Cells: Implications for Disease Modeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:76. [PMID: 26697426 PMCID: PMC4673467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell derivatives show promise as an in vitro platform to study a range of human cardiovascular diseases. A better understanding of the biology of stem cells and their cardiovascular derivatives will help to understand the strengths and limitations of this new model system. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key regulators of stem cell maintenance and differentiation and have an important role in cardiovascular cell signaling. In this review, we will therefore describe the state of knowledge concerning the regulatory role of GPCRs in both the generation and function of pluripotent stem cell derived-cardiomyocytes, -endothelial, and -vascular smooth muscle cells. We will consider how far the in vitro disease models recapitulate authentic GPCR signaling and provide a useful basis for discovery of disease mechanisms or design of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin F Dolatshad
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Nicola Hellen
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Richard J Jabbour
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Sian E Harding
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Gabor Földes
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK ; The Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Ruiz-Castañeda G, Dominguez-Avila N, González-Ramírez J, Fernandez-Jaramillo N, Escoto-Herrera J, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Marquez-Velasco R, Bojalil R, Espinosa-Cervantes R, Sánchez F. Myocardial expression of transforming growth factor beta family and endothelin-1 in the progression from heart failure to ascites in broilers with cold-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:389-394. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Aggarwal P, Turner A, Matter A, Kattman SJ, Stoddard A, Lorier R, Swanson BJ, Arnett DK, Broeckel U. RNA expression profiling of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in a cardiac hypertrophy model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108051. [PMID: 25255322 PMCID: PMC4177883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and heart failure. There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the ability to comprehensively study cardiac hypertrophy on a gene regulatory level is impacted by the limited availability of human cardiomyocytes. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) offer the opportunity for disease modeling. Here we utilize a previously established invitro model of cardiac hypertrophy to interrogate the regulatory mechanism associated with the cardiac disease process. We perform miRNA sequencing and mRNA expression analysis on endothelin 1 (ET-1) stimulated hiPSC-CMs to describe associated RNA expression profiles. MicroRNA sequencing revealed over 250 known and 34 predicted novel miRNAs to be differentially expressed between ET-1 stimulated and unstimulated control hiPSC-CMs. Messenger RNA expression analysis identified 731 probe sets with significant differential expression. Computational target prediction on significant differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs identified nearly 2000 target pairs. A principal component analysis approach comparing the invitro data with human myocardial biopsies detected overlapping expression changes between the invitro samples and myocardial biopsies with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. These results provide further insights into the complex RNA regulatory mechanism associated with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praful Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amy Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea Matter
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Kattman
- Cellular Dynamics International Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexander Stoddard
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rachel Lorier
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bradley J. Swanson
- Cellular Dynamics International Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Effects of hypertension and exercise on cardiac proteome remodelling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:634132. [PMID: 24877123 PMCID: PMC4022191 DOI: 10.1155/2014/634132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricle hypertrophy is a common outcome of pressure overload stimulus closely associated with hypertension. This process is triggered by adverse molecular signalling, gene expression, and proteome alteration. Proteomic research has revealed that several molecular targets are associated with pathologic cardiac hypertrophy, including angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and isoproterenol. Several metabolic, contractile, and stress-related proteins are shown to be altered in cardiac hypertrophy derived by hypertension. On the other hand, exercise is a nonpharmacologic agent used for hypertension treatment, where cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training is characterized by improvement in cardiac function and resistance against ischemic insult. Despite the scarcity of proteomic research performed with exercise, healthy and pathologic heart proteomes are shown to be modulated in a completely different way. Hence, the altered proteome induced by exercise is mostly associated with cardioprotective aspects such as contractile and metabolic improvement and physiologic cardiac hypertrophy. The present review, therefore, describes relevant studies involving the molecular characteristics and alterations from hypertensive-induced and exercise-induced hypertrophy, as well as the main proteomic research performed in this field. Furthermore, proteomic research into the effect of hypertension on other target-demerged organs is examined.
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29
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Lin CC, Hsieh HL, Chi PL, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Upregulation of COX-2/PGE2 by ET-1 mediated through Ca2+-dependent signals in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1256-69. [PMID: 24287977 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a proinflammatory mediator, is elevated in the regions of several brain inflammatory disorders, implying that ET-1 may contribute to inflammatory responses. The deleterious effects of ET-1 on brain endothelial cells may aggravate brain inflammation mediated through the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) system. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying ET-1-induced COX-2 expression in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases on ET-1-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 release in bEnd.3 cells. The data obtained with Western blotting, reverse transcription PCR, and intracellular Ca2+ analyses showed that ET-1-induced COX-2 expression was mediated through phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C (PC-PLC)/Ca2+-dependent activation of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) cascades. Next, we demonstrated that ET-1 stimulated intracellular Ca2+ increase, phoshorylation of PKC-α, CaMKII, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK1/2) and then activated the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2)/activator protein 1 (AP-1) via Gq/i protein-coupled ETB receptors. Moreover, the data of chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter reporter assay demonstrated that the activated ATF2/AP-1 and p300 bound to its corresponding binding sites within COX-2 promoter, thereby turning on COX-2 gene transcription. Finally, upregulation of COX-2 by ET-1 promoted PGE2 biosynthesis and release in these cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that in bEnd.3 cells, Ca2+-dependent PKC-α and CaMKII linking to MAPKs, ATF2/AP-1, and p300 cascade is essential for ET-1-induced COX-2 upregulation. Understanding the mechanisms of COX-2/PGE2 system upregulated by ET-1 on brain microvascular endothelial cells may provide rational therapeutic interventions for brain injury and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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30
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Jain K, Suryakumar G, Prasad R, Ganju L. Upregulation of cytoprotective defense mechanisms and hypoxia-responsive proteins imparts tolerance to acute hypobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol 2013; 14:65-77. [PMID: 23537263 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2012.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high altitude is a well-known environmental stress with physiological and metabolic consequences, with the major stressor being hypobaric hypoxia. The disruption in cellular homeostasis elicits several acute and chronic adaptations designed to diminish the stress imposed by the hypoxic insult. Highly conserved cellular machinery protects the myocardium from damage under reduced oxygen tension. In the present study, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to an altitude of 9754 m in a decompression chamber and screened on the basis of the time taken for onset of gasping. The animals were grouped as susceptible (<10 min), normal (10-25 min), and tolerant (>25 min). Histologically, susceptible animals showed increased myocardial inflammation and infiltration and greater CK-MB activity. These animals showed a three-fold increase in reactive oxygen species levels and subsequent oxidative damage to proteins and lipids as compared to control unexposed group. In tolerant animals, the damage was minimal. The resistance to damage in these animals was possibly due to enhanced myocardial antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase. A significantly higher expression of HIF-1α and its responsive genes, including EPO, HO-1, and GLUT1, was seen in tolerant animals, although VEGF expression was enhanced in the susceptible group. Cytoprotective chaperones, HSP70 and HSP90, were elevated in the tolerant animals. The differential expression of these hypoxia-responsive molecules may thus act as potential biochemical markers for screening and identifying individuals susceptible to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Jain
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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