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Wu X, Zhang Z, Qiu Z, Wu X, Chen J, Liu L, Liu X, Zhao S, Yang Y, Zhao Y. TNIK in disease: from molecular insights to therapeutic prospects. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01987-w. [PMID: 38853204 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
TRAF2 and NCK interacting kinase (TNIK), a critical interacting protein kinase, is currently receiving wide attention. TNIK is found in various human body organs and tissues and participates in cell motility, proliferation, and differentiation. On the one hand, its aberrant expression is related to the onset and progression of numerous malignant tumors. On the other hand, TNIK is important in neuronal growth, proliferation, differentiation, and synaptic formation. Thus, the novel therapeutic strategies for targeting TNIK offer a promising direction for cancer, neurological or psychotic disorders. Here, we briefly summarized the biological information of TNIK, reviewed the role and regulatory mechanism in cancer and neuropsychiatric diseases, and introduced the research progress of inhibitors targeting TNIK. Taken together, this review hopes to contribute to the in-depth understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of TNIK, which is of great significance for revealing the role of TNIK in the occurrence and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University First Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhenye Qiu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University First Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University First Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University First Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University First Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University First Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shiyan Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University First Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University First Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Ye Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Colleluori V, Khokha MK. Mink1 regulates spemann organizer cell fate in the xenopus gastrula via Hmga2. Dev Biol 2023; 495:42-53. [PMID: 36572140 PMCID: PMC10116378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and leading cause of infant mortality, yet molecular mechanisms explaining CHD remain mostly unknown. Sequencing studies are identifying CHD candidate genes at a brisk rate including MINK1, a serine/threonine kinase. However, a plausible molecular mechanism connecting CHD and MINK1 is unknown. Here, we reveal that mink1 is required for proper heart development due to its role in left-right patterning. Mink1 regulates canonical Wnt signaling to define the cell fates of the Spemann Organizer and the Left-Right Organizer, a ciliated structure that breaks bilateral symmetry in the vertebrate embryo. To identify Mink1 targets, we applied an unbiased proteomics approach and identified the high mobility group architectural transcription factor, Hmga2. We report that Hmga2 is necessary and sufficient for regulating Spemann's Organizer. Indeed, we demonstrate that Hmga2 can induce Spemann Organizer cell fates even when β-catenin, a critical effector of the Wnt signaling pathway, is depleted. In summary, we discover a transcription factor, Hmga2, downstream of Mink1 that is critical for the regulation of Spemann's Organizer, as well as the LRO, defining a plausible mechanism for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn Colleluori
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Popow O, Paulo JA, Tatham MH, Volk MS, Rojas-Fernandez A, Loyer N, Newton IP, Januschke J, Haigis KM, Näthke I. Identification of Endogenous Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Interaction Partners and β-Catenin-Independent Targets by Proteomics. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1828-1841. [PMID: 31160382 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) is the most frequently mutated gene in colorectal cancer. APC negatively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway by promoting the degradation of β-catenin, but the extent to which APC exerts Wnt/β-catenin-independent tumor-suppressive activity is unclear. To identify interaction partners and β-catenin-independent targets of endogenous, full-length APC, we applied label-free and multiplexed tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry. Affinity enrichment-mass spectrometry identified more than 150 previously unidentified APC interaction partners. Moreover, our global proteomic analysis revealed that roughly half of the protein expression changes that occur in response to APC loss are independent of β-catenin. Combining these two analyses, we identified Misshapen-like kinase 1 (MINK1) as a putative substrate of an APC-containing destruction complex. We validated the interaction between endogenous MINK1 and APC and further confirmed the negative, and β-catenin-independent, regulation of MINK1 by APC. Increased Mink1/Msn levels were also observed in mouse intestinal tissue and Drosophila follicular cells expressing mutant Apc/APC when compared with wild-type tissue/cells. Collectively, our results highlight the extent and importance of Wnt-independent APC functions in epithelial biology and disease. IMPLICATIONS: The tumor-suppressive function of APC, the most frequently mutated gene in colorectal cancer, is mainly attributed to its role in β-catenin/Wnt signaling. Our study substantially expands the list of APC interaction partners and reveals that approximately half of the changes in the cellular proteome induced by loss of APC function are mediated by β-catenin-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Popow
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - João A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H Tatham
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie S Volk
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe) and Institute of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolas Loyer
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Newton
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Januschke
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Inke Näthke
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Guo H, Zhang TJ, Wen XM, Zhou JD, Ma JC, An C, Zhang W, Xu ZJ, Lin J, Qian J. Hypermethylation of secreted frizzled-related proteins predicts poor prognosis in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3635-3644. [PMID: 28790854 PMCID: PMC5530859 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s136502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) as Wnt signaling antagonists have been found to be dysregulated by promoter hypermethylation in several cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to investigate the methylated status of SFRPs promoter region and its clinical relevance in Chinese non-M3 AML patients. Methods SFRPs methylation in 139 primary non-M3 AML patients was determined using methylation-specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The frequency of aberrant methylation was as follows: 30.2% for SFRP1, 27.3% for SFRP2, 5.0% for SFRP4, and 1.4% for SFRP5. Hypermethylation of at least one SFRP gene occurred in 51.8% (72/139) of non-M3 AML patient samples, which was significantly higher compared to normal control (0/21) (P<0.001). Hypermethylation of SFRP1 was potentially associated with N/K-RAS mutations (P=0.043), and the frequency of SFRPs methylation was higher in patients ≥50 years compared to those <50 years, especially for SFRP2 (P<0.05). Furthermore, both whole cohort and cytogenetically normal (CN) patients with high SFRPs-methylated group showed a shorter overall survival (OS) compared to those with low group (P=0.036 and P=0.035, respectively). Moreover, Cox regression multivariate analysis revealed that SFRPs hypermethylation acts as an independent prognostic biomarker among both whole cohort (hazard ratio =1.804, P=0.026) and CN (hazard ratio =2.477, P=0.023) patients. In leukemic cell line HL60 treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, the alteration of SFRP1/2 expression inversely correlated with change in SFRP1/2 methylation (r=−0.975, P=0.005 and r=−0.975, P=0.005, respectively). A tendency of negative correlation was observed between SFRP1 expression and its promoter methylation in AML patients (r=−0.334, P=0.038). Conclusion These findings suggested that hypermethylation of SFRP1/2 was a frequent event and silenced SFRP1/2 expression in AML. Moreover, hypermethylation of SFRPs promoter was an adverse risk factor for OS in Chinese non-M3 AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City
| | - Ting-Juan Zhang
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City
| | - Cui An
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Yu City, Dezhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City
| | - Jun Qian
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
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Anazi S, Shamseldin HE, AlNaqeb D, Abouelhoda M, Monies D, Salih MA, Al-Rubeaan K, Alkuraya FS. A null mutation in TNIK defines a novel locus for intellectual disability. Hum Genet 2016; 135:773-8. [PMID: 27106596 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is one of the most common disabilities and, although many genes have been implicated in its etiology, the genetic heterogeneity of ID continues to expand. The purpose of the study was to describe a novel autosomal recessive non-syndromic ID locus. Autozygome and linkage analysis, and exome sequencing followed by RNA and protein analysis of the candidate disease gene were performed. We describe two multiplex consanguineous families with non-syndromic ID phenotype, which maps to a critical linkage locus on 3q26. Exome sequencing of the index in each family revealed the same homozygous truncating mutation in TNIK that results in complete loss of the protein. TNIK is a kinase with a well-established role in dendrite development and synaptic transmission. The phenotype we observe in human patients who lack TNIK is consistent with the previously published Tnik (-/-) phenotype in the murine model. Our data strongly implicate TNIK deficiency in the causation of ID in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Anazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhekra AlNaqeb
- University Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Rubeaan
- University Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhang L, Nemzow L, Chen H, Hu JJ, Gong F. Whole genome expression profiling shows that BRG1 transcriptionally regulates UV inducible genes and other novel targets in human cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105764. [PMID: 25157878 PMCID: PMC4144907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UV irradiation is known to cause cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs), and plays a large role in the development of cancer. Tumor suppression, through DNA repair and proper cell cycle regulation, is an integral factor in maintaining healthy cells and preventing development of cancer. Transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in the various tumor suppression pathways is essential for them to be expressed when needed and to function properly. BRG1, an ATPase catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has been identified as a tumor suppressor protein, as it has been shown to play a role in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) of CPDs, suppress apoptosis, and restore checkpoint deficiency, in response to UV exposure. Although BRG1 has been shown to regulate transcription of some genes that are instrumental in proper DNA damage repair and cell cycle maintenance in response to UV, its role in transcriptional regulation of the whole genome in response to UV has not yet been elucidated. With whole genome expression profiling in SW13 cells, we show that upon UV induction, BRG1 regulates transcriptional expression of many genes involved in cell stress response. Additionally, our results also highlight BRG1's general role as a master regulator of the genome, as it transcriptionally regulates approximately 4.8% of the human genome, including expression of genes involved in many pathways. RT-PCR and ChIP were used to validate our genome expression analysis. Importantly, our study identifies several novel transcriptional targets of BRG1, such as ATF3. Thus, BRG1 has a larger impact on human genome expression than previously thought, and our studies will provide inroads for future analysis of BRG1's role in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Leah Nemzow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Feng Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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A CULLINary ride across the secretory pathway: more than just secretion. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:389-99. [PMID: 24630736 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mulitmeric cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) represent the largest class of ubiquitin ligases in eukaryotes. However, most CRL ubiquitylation pathways remain uncharacterized. CRLs control a myriad of functions by catalyzing mono- or poly-ubiquitylation of target proteins. Recently, novel CRLs have been identified along the secretory pathway where they modify substrates involved in diverse cellular processes such as vesicle coat assembly and cell cycle progression. This review discusses our current understanding of CRL ubiquitylation within the secretory pathway, with special emphasis on the emerging role of the Golgi as a ubiquitylation platform. CRLs are also implicated in endosome function, where their specific roles are less well understood.
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Mbodj A, Junion G, Brun C, Furlong EEM, Thieffry D. Logical modelling of Drosophila signalling pathways. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 9:2248-58. [PMID: 23868318 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A limited number of signalling pathways are involved in the specification of cell fate during the development of all animals. Several of these pathways were originally identified in Drosophila. To clarify their roles, and possible cross-talk, we have built a logical model for the nine key signalling pathways recurrently used in metazoan development. In each case, we considered the associated ligands, receptors, signal transducers, modulators, and transcription factors reported in the literature. Implemented using the logical modelling software GINsim, the resulting models qualitatively recapitulate the main characteristics of each pathway, in wild type as well as in various mutant situations (e.g. loss-of-function or gain-of-function). These models constitute pluggable modules that can be used to assemble comprehensive models of complex developmental processes. Moreover, these models of Drosophila pathways could serve as scaffolds for more complicated models of orthologous mammalian pathways. Comprehensive model annotations and GINsim files are provided for each of the nine considered pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abibatou Mbodj
- Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), INSERM UMR_S 1090, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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Park DS, Seo JH, Hong M, Choi SC. Role of the Rap2/TNIK kinase pathway in regulation of LRP6 stability for Wnt signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:338-43. [PMID: 23743195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays critical roles in early embryonic development, stem cell biology and human diseases including cancers. Although Rap2, a member of Ras GTPase family, is essential for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the body axis specification in Xenopus embryo, the mechanism underlying its regulation of Wnt signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Rap2 is implicated in control of the stability of Wnt receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). Knockdown of Rap2 resulted in the proteasome and/or lysosome-dependent degradation of LRP6 both in the presence and absence of Wnt ligand stimulation. In line with this, constitutively active LRP6 lacking its extracellular domain, which is constitutively phosphorylated and resides in intracellular vesicles, was also degraded in the Rap2-silenced cells. In addition, Rap2 and LRP6 associated physically with each other. Furthermore, we found that TRAF2/Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK), a member of the Ste20 protein family, acts as a downstream effector of Rap2 in control of LRP6 stabilization. Consistently, TNIK could rescue the inhibitory effects of Rap2 depletion on Wnt-dependent gene transcription, reporter activation and neural crest induction. Taken together, these results suggest that Rap2 acts via TNIK to regulate the stability of LRP6 receptor for Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Pungnap-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Gui J, Li Z, Zhou X. Dynamic change of TNIK in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha in a TRAF2-dependent manner. Hum Cell 2013; 26:67-72. [PMID: 23355318 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-012-0058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
TNIK (TRAF2- and NCK-interacting kinase) was named because of its association with TRAF2 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2). But the relationship between TNIK and TRAF2 is still elusive, in addition to which the involvement of TNIK in JNK activation by TNFα hints that there maybe a linkage between TNIK and TRAF2. In this work, we illustrated that TNIK protein levels were dynamic in response to TNFα stimulation in an ubiquitin-dependent manner. Further study showed that TRAF2 negatively modulated the levels of TNIK by regulating the ubiquitin conjugation. In conclusion, our data may give evidence that dynamic change of TNIK offers a way to protect cells from outside stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Gui
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Mailbox 539, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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