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Ghobakhloo S, Khoshhali M, Vatandoost N, Jafarpour S, Niazmand A, Nedaeinia R, Salehi R. Clinical Implications and Prognostic Value of Leucine-Rich G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 Expression as A Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CELL JOURNAL 2024; 26:1-12. [PMID: 38351725 PMCID: PMC10864775 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2010157.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various cancers. Based on different studies, conflicting reports exist on correlation between LGR5 expression and poor prognosis/ clinicopathological parameters in cancer patients. Therefore, our purpose in conducting this study was to investigate correlation between LGR5 expression and outcomes of cancer patients under study through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Relevant articles were searched and collected using EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases until December 21, 2022. This study was conducted to examine correlation between LGR5 expression and different clinical outcomes, such as recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological characteristics of the included cancer patients. To achieve this, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used as statistical measures. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Finally, 53 studies including 9523 patients met the inclusion criteria. Significantly, high-level expression of LGR5 was related to poor prognosis in terms of OS, higher tumor stage, presence of distant metastasis, and presence of lymph node metastasis. It was discovered through subgroup analysis that several factors, including the study area, evaluation method, and type of cancer, can influence the correlation between LGR5 expression and negative prognosis in cancer patients. According to the results of our study, LGR5 overexpression was related to poor OS in cancer patients. In addition, clinicopathological data indicated an unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients with high LGR5 expression. In conclusion, LGR5 may serve as a potential prognostic marker for predicting survival in certain cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Ghobakhloo
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Vaicekauskaitė I, Dabkevičienė D, Šimienė J, Žilovič D, Čiurlienė R, Jarmalaitė S, Sabaliauskaitė R. ARID1A, NOTCH and WNT Signature in Gynaecological Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065854. [PMID: 36982928 PMCID: PMC10057440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the deadliest gynaecologic malignancies in the world. The majority of OC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, with high-grade serous OC (HGSOC). The lack of specific symptoms and suitable screening strategies lead to short progression-free survival times in HGSOC patients. The chromatin-remodelling, WNT and NOTCH pathways are some of the most dysregulated in OC; thus their gene mutations and expression profile could serve as diagnostic or prognostic OC biomarkers. Our pilot study investigated mRNA expression of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex gene ARID1A, NOTCH receptors, WNT pathway genes CTNNB1 and FBXW7 mRNA expression in two OC cell cultures as well as 51 gynaecologic tumour tissues. A four-gene panel consisting of ARID1A, CTNNB1, FBXW7 and PPP2R1A was used to investigate mutations in gynaecologic tumour tissue. All seven analysed genes were found to be significantly downregulated in OC when compared with non-malignant gynaecologic tumour tissues. NOTCH3 was also downregulated in SKOV3 cells when compared to A2780. Fifteen mutations were found in 25.5% (13/51) of the tissue samples. ARID1A predicted mutations were the most prevalent with alterations detected in 19% (6/32) HGSOC and 67% (6/9) of other OC cases. Thus, ARID1A and NOTCH/WNT-pathway-related changes could be useful diagnostic biomarkers in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vaicekauskaitė
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Dabkevičienė
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julija Šimienė
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diana Žilovič
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Sonata Jarmalaitė
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Otaegi-Ugartemendia M, Matheu A, Carrasco-Garcia E. Impact of Cancer Stem Cells on Therapy Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061457. [PMID: 35326607 PMCID: PMC8946717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an average 5-year survival rate of 32%, being of 6% for patients presenting distant metastasis. Despite the advances made in the treatment of GC, chemoresistance phenomena arise and promote recurrence, dissemination and dismal prognosis. In this context, gastric cancer stem cells (gCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells that exhibit unique characteristics, are decisive in therapy failure. gCSCs develop different protective mechanisms, such as the maintenance in a quiescent state as well as enhanced detoxification procedures and drug efflux activity, that make them insusceptible to current treatments. This, together with their self-renewal capacity and differentiation ability, represents major obstacles for the eradication of this disease. Different gCSC regulators have been described and used to isolate and characterize these cell populations. However, at the moment, no therapeutic strategy has achieved the effective targeting of gCSCs. This review will focus on the properties of cancer stem cells in the context of therapy resistance and will summarize current knowledge regarding the impact of the gCSC regulators that have been associated with GC chemoradioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-006296
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Lee SS, Park J, Oh S, Kwack K. Downregulation of LOC441461 Promotes Cell Growth and Motility in Human Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051149. [PMID: 35267457 PMCID: PMC8909665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common tumor, with a high mortality rate. The severity of gastric cancer is assessed by TNM staging. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role in cancer treatment; investigating the clinical significance of novel biomarkers associated with TNM staging, such as lncRNAs, is important. In this study, we investigated the association between the expression of the lncRNA LOC441461 and gastric cancer stage. LOC441461 expression was lower in stage IV than in stages I, II, and III. The depletion of LOC441461 promoted cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cell motility, and invasiveness. LOC441461 downregulation increased the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as indicated by increased TRAIL signaling and decreased RUNX1 interactions. The interaction of the transcription factors RELA, IRF1, ESR1, AR, POU5F1, TRIM28, and GATA1 with LOC441461 affected the degree of the malignancy of gastric cancer by modulating gene transcription. The present study identified LOC441461 and seven transcription factors as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-soo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (S.-s.L.); (J.P.)
| | - JeongMan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (S.-s.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Sooyeon Oh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul 06062, Korea;
| | - KyuBum Kwack
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (S.-s.L.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-881-7141
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Deng T, Shen P, Li A, Zhang Z, Yang H, Deng X, Peng X, Hu Z, Tang Z, Liu J, Hou R, Liu Z, Fang W. CCDC65 as a new potential tumor suppressor induced by metformin inhibits activation of AKT1 via ubiquitination of ENO1 in gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8112-8128. [PMID: 34335983 PMCID: PMC8315052 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coiled-coil domain containing protein members have been well documented for their roles in many diseases including cancers. However, the function of the coiled-coil domain containing 65 (CCDC65) remains unknown in tumorigenesis including gastric cancer. Methods: CCDC65 expression and its correlation with clinical features and prognosis of gastric cancer were analyzed in tissue. The biological role and molecular basis of CCDC65 were performed via in vitro and in vivo assays and a various of experimental methods including co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), GST-pull down and ubiquitination analysis et al. Finally, whether metformin affects the pathogenesis of gastric cancer by regulating CCDC65 and its-mediated signaling was investigated. Results: Here, we found that downregulated CCDC65 level was showed as an unfavourable factor in gastric cancer patients. Subsequently, CCDC65 or its domain (a.a. 130-484) was identified as a significant suppressor in GC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Molecular basis showed that CCDC65 bound to ENO1, an oncogenic factor has been widely reported to promote the tumor pathogenesis, by its domain (a.a. 130-484) and further promoted ubiquitylation and degradation of ENO1 by recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7. The downregulated ENO1 decreased the binding with AKT1 and further inactivated AKT1, which led to the loss of cell proliferation and EMT signal. Finally, we observed that metformin, a new anti-cancer drug, can significantly induce CCDC65 to suppress ENO1-AKT1 complex-mediated cell proliferation and EMT signals and finally suppresses the malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. Conclusion: These results firstly highlight a critical role of CCDC65 in suppressing ENO1-AKT1 pathway to reduce the progression of gastric cancer and reveals a new molecular mechanism for metformin in suppressing gastric cancer. Our present study provides a new insight into the mechanism and therapy for gastric cancer.
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A Network Pharmacology Study Based on the Mechanism of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Pinelliae Rhizoma in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6667560. [PMID: 33953786 PMCID: PMC8068544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanism of action of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Pinelliae Rhizoma (CRP-PR) in treating gastric cancer (GC) by using pharmacology network. Methods Based on oral bioavailability and drug-likeness, the main active components of CRP-PR were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). DisGeNET Database was used to establish target databases for GC. Cytoscape software was used to construct a visual interactive network diagram of “Active Component-Target” and screen out the key targets. The STRING database was used to construct a protein interaction network. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the key targets. Additionally, TCGA and HPA databases were used for key target verification. Results Thirty-seven active components of CRP-PR were screened. The results of network analysis showed that the main components include 8-octadecenoic acid, stigmasterol, ferulic acid, and naringenin of the CRP-PR herb pair. The key targets of the PPI network mainly involved GAPDH, MAPK3, JUN, STAT3, GSK3B, SIRT1, ERBB2, and SMAD2. GO enrichment analysis involves 540 biological processes, 118 cellular components, and 171 molecular functions. CRP-PR components were predicted to exert their therapeutic effect on the tumor signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway. The validation of the key genes in the TCGA and HPA database showed that most of the key target verification results were consistent with this article. Conclusion CRP-PR can treat GC by mediating PI3K-Akt signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, and other biological processes such as tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and vascular regeneration, which embodies the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-channels, and provides the theoretical basis and research ideas for further study of CRP-PR in treating GC. 8-octadecenoic acid, stigmasterol, ferulic acid, and naringenin may be the material basis for the treatment of GC.
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NOTCH3, a crucial target of miR-491-5p/miR-875-5p, promotes gastric carcinogenesis by upregulating PHLDB2 expression and activating Akt pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:1578-1594. [PMID: 33452458 PMCID: PMC7932926 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant Notch activation has been implicated in multiple malignancies and the identification of NOTCH receptors and related pathways is critical for targeted therapy. In this study, we aim to delineate the most prominent dysregulated NOTCH receptor and comprehensively reveal its deregulation in gastric cancer (GC). In the four Notch members, NOTCH3 was found uniformly upregulated and associated with poor clinical outcomes in multiple GC datasets. siRNA-mediated NOTCH3 knockdown demonstrated antitumor effects by suppressing cell proliferation, inhibiting monolayer formation, and impairing cell invasion abilities. Its depletion also induced early and late apoptosis. NOTCH3 was confirmed to be a direct target of two tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs), namely miR-491-5p and miR-875-5p. The activation of NOTCH3 is partly due to the silence of these two miRNAs. Through RNA-seq profiling and functional validation, PHLDB2 was identified as a potent functional downstream modulator for NOTCH3 in gastric carcinogenesis. PHLDB2 expression demonstrated a positive correlation with NOTCH3, but was negatively correlated with miR-491-5p. Akt-mTOR was revealed as the downstream signaling of PHLDB2. The NOTCH3-PHLDB2-Akt co-activation was found in 33.7% GC patients and the activation of this axis predicted poor clinical outcome. GC cells treated with siNOTCH3, siPHLDB2, miR-491-5p, miR-875-5p, were more sensitive to Cisplatin and 5-FU. Taken together, the NOTCH3-PHLDB2-Akt cascade plays oncogenic role in gastric carcinogenesis and serves as a therapeutic target. Our study provided insights into Notch-mediated underlying molecular mechanisms and implied translational potential.
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Xie L, Cai L, Wang F, Zhang L, Wang Q, Guo X. Systematic Review of Prognostic Gene Signature in Gastric Cancer Patients. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:805. [PMID: 32850704 PMCID: PMC7412969 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality and remains the fourth common cancer worldwide. The effective and feasible methods for predicting the possible outcomes for GC patients are still lacking. While genetic profiling might be suitable in some way, the application of gene expression signatures has been show to be a robust tool. Here, by performing a comprehensive search in PubMed, we provided an up-to-date summary of 39 prognostic gene signatures for GC patients, and described the processing procedure of the selection, calculation and construction of gene signature. We also reviewed current web tools including PROGgene and SurvExpress that can be used to analyze the prognostic value of multiple genes for GC. This review will aid in comprehensive understanding of the current prognostic gene signatures to accurately predict the outcome of GC patients, and may guide the future clinical management when the reliability of these signatures is validated in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiang Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Linghao Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Duda P, Akula SM, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Gizak A, Rakus D, McCubrey JA. GSK-3 and miRs: Master regulators of therapeutic sensitivity of cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118770. [PMID: 32524999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthetase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and microRNAs (miRs) affect many critical signaling pathways important in cell growth. GSK-3 is a serine/threonine (S/T) protein kinase. Often when GSK-3 phosphorylates other proteins, they are inactivated and the signaling pathway is shut down. The PI3K/PTEN/AKT/GSK3/mTORC1 pathway plays key roles in regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, drug resistance, malignant transformation and metastasis and is often deregulated in cancer. When GSK-3 is phosphorylated by AKT it is inactivated and this often leads to growth promotion. When GSK-3 is not phosphorylated by AKT or other kinases at specific negative-regulatory residues, it can modify the activity of many proteins by phosphorylation, some of these proteins promote while others inhibit cell proliferation. This is part of the conundrum regarding GSK-3. The central theme of this review is the ability of GSK-3 to serve as either a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter in cancer which is likely due to its diverse protein substrates. The effects of multiple miRs which bind mRNAs encoding GSK-3 and other signaling molecules and how they affect cell growth and sensitivity to various therapeutics will be discussed as they serve to regulate GSK-3 and other proteins important in controlling proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Duda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Shaw M Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Brody Building 5N98C, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Pan X, Wang Y, Li C, Zhou Z, Zhong Y, Feng J, Lu J. Exon Coverage Variations Between Cancer Tissues and Adjacent Non-Cancerous Tissues are Prognostic Factors in Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:61-70. [PMID: 32021255 PMCID: PMC6956395 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastric cancer is highly heterogeneous both clinically and pathologically and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Genomic coverage variations, also known as copy number variations (CNVs), play a critical role in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. Many studies have demonstrated that DNA CNVs are important factors affecting the expression of protein-encoding genes in the gastric cancer genome. Methods Thirty gastric cancer patients from a Chinese population were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from gastric cancer tissue and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissue from each patient. A panel of 1,021 genes including 3300 exons was designed and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Copy numbers of each gene and exon were calculated for each tissue. Coverage variations between gastric cancer tissue and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissue were also calculated, and we examined the correlation between overall survival of patients and coverage variation type for each exon. Results DNA from cancerous tissue and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissue were significantly different with respect to the pattern of gene copy number. Exon copy numbers were highly consistent among non-cancerous samples and confirmed that non-cancerous tissue contain diploid genomes. In contrast, the gene coverage pattern among cancerous tissue showed significant differences and confirmed that gastric cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Numerous exon coverage variations were identified in gastric cancer tissue compared with matched, adjacent non-cancerous tissue. Overall survival between patients with and without coverage variations in regions of NOTCH2, NTRK3, ERBB2 and RERE exons exhibited significant differences. This is consistent with previous reports and indicates that these findings may have prognostic value. Conclusion Our results confirm that gastric cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Exon coverage variations between cancer tissue and their adjacent non-cancerous tissue were shown to be associated with prognosis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejiao Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
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Xiu MX, Liu YM. The role of oncogenic Notch2 signaling in cancer: a novel therapeutic target. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:837-854. [PMID: 31218097 PMCID: PMC6556604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated Notch signaling is a key factor thought to facilitate the stem-like proliferation of cancer cells, thereby facilitating disease progression. Four subtypes of Notch receptor have been described to date, with each playing a distinct role in cancer development and progression, therefore warranting a careful and comprehensive examination of the targeting of each receptor subtype in the context of oncogenesis. Clinical efforts to translate the DAPT, which blocks Notch signaling, have been unsuccessful due to a combination of serious gastrointestinal side effects and a lack of complete blocking efficacy. There is therefore a clear need to identify better therapeutic strategies for targeting and manipulating Notch signaling. Notch2 is a Notch receptor that is commonly overexpressed in a range of cancers, and which is linked to a unique oncogenic mechanism. Successful efforts to block Notch2 signaling will depend upon doing so both efficiently and specifically in patients. As such, in the present review we will explore the role of Notch2 signaling in the development and progression of cancer, and we will assess agents and strategies with the potential to effectively disrupt Notch2 signaling and thereby yield novel cancer treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Xiu
- Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Meng Liu
- Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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12
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Bauer L, Hapfelmeier A, Blank S, Reiche M, Slotta-Huspenina J, Jesinghaus M, Novotny A, Schmidt T, Grosser B, Kohlruss M, Weichert W, Ott K, Keller G. A novel pretherapeutic gene expression-based risk score for treatment guidance in gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:127-132. [PMID: 29069277 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perioperative chemotherapy is an established treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients. Treatment selection is based on clinical staging (cT). We aimed to establish and validate a prognostic score including clinical and molecular factors, to optimize treatment decisions for these patients. Patients and methods We analyzed 626 carcinomas of the stomach and of the gastro-esophageal junction from two academic centers including primarily resected and pre-/perioperatively treated patients. Patients were divided into a training (N = 269) and validation (N = 357) set. Expression of 11 target genes was measured by quantitative PCR in resected tumors. A risk score to predict overall survival (OS) was generated and validated. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity was assessed by analyzing 50 tumor areas from 10 patients. Results A risk score including the expression of CCL5, CTNNB1, EXOSC3 and LZTR1 and the clinical parameters cT, tumor localization and histopathologic type suggested two groups with a significant difference in OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.52]. The risk score was successfully validated in an independent cohort (HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.21-0.51; P < 0.001) as well as in subgroups of primarily resected (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.17-0.54; P < 0.001) and pre-/perioperatively treated patients (HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.17-0.81; P = 0.009). A significant difference in OS of high- and low-risk patients was also found in primarily resected patients with intestinal (HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.23-0.90; P = 0.020) and nonintestinal-type carcinomas (HR 0.1; 95% CI 0.02-0.42; P < 0.001). Intra-tumor heterogeneity analysis indicated a classification reliability of 95% for a supposed analysis of three biopsies. Conclusion The identified risk score could substantially contribute to an improved management of gastric cancer patients in the context of perioperative chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bauer
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Hapfelmeier
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Blank
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Reiche
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Slotta-Huspenina
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Jesinghaus
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Novotny
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Grosser
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Kohlruss
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W Weichert
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K Ott
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - G Keller
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Carrasco-Garcia E, Álvarez-Satta M, García-Puga M, Ribeiro ML, Arevalo S, Arauzo-Bravo M, Matheu A. Therapeutic relevance of SOX9 stem cell factor in gastric cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 23:143-152. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1559826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes)
| | - María Álvarez-Satta
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mikel García-Puga
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Arevalo
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marcos Arauzo-Bravo
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
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14
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Wang X, Meng Q, Qiao W, Ma R, Ju W, Hu J, Lu H, Cui J, Jin Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y. miR-181b/Notch2 overcome chemoresistance by regulating cancer stem cell-like properties in NSCLC. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:327. [PMID: 30470250 PMCID: PMC6260863 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer stem cells have the ability to self-renew and are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate and control the expression and function of many target genes; therefore, miRNA disorders are involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases, such as cancer. However, the effects of miRNA dysregulation on tumour stemness and drug resistance have not been fully elucidated. miR-181b has been reported to be a tumour suppressor miRNA and is associated with drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties were tested by a cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry; miR-181b expression was measured by real-time PCR; and Notch2 and related proteins were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. A mouse xenograft model was also established. Results In this study, we found that ectopic miR-181b expression suppressed cancer stem cell properties and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin (DDP) treatment by directly targeting Notch2. miR-181b could inactivate the Notch2/Hes1 signalling pathway. In addition, tumours from nude mice treated with miR-181b were significantly smaller than tumours from mice treated with control agomir. Decreased miR-181b expression and increased Notch2 expression were observed to have a significant relationship with overall survival (OS) and CSC-like properties in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Conclusions This study elucidates an important role of miR-181b in the regulation of CSC-like properties, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for overcoming drug resistance in NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1072-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- The Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- The Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenbo Qiao
- The Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ruishuang Ma
- The Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Weiwei Ju
- Pathology Department, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Eastern Liaodong University, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hailing Lu
- The Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jianqi Cui
- The Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- The Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- The Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- The Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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15
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Yi Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Wu K, Zhang W. The role of miR-106p-5p in cervical cancer: from expression to molecular mechanism. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:36. [PMID: 30275981 PMCID: PMC6148547 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the role of miR-106b-5p in cervical cancer by performing a comprehensive analysis on its expression and identifying its putative molecular targets and pathways based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, and literature review. Significant upregulation of miR-106b-5p in cervical cancer is confirmed by meta-analysis with the data from TCGA, GEO, and literature. Moreover, the expression of miR-106b-5p is significantly correlated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Our bioinformatics analyses show that miR-106b could promote cervical cancer progression by modulating the expression of GSK3B, VEGFA, and PTK2 genes. Importantly, these three genes play a crucial role in PI3K-Akt signaling, focal adhesion, and cancer. Both the expression of miR-106b-5p and key genes are upregulated in cervical cancer. Several explanations could be implemented for this upregulation. However, the specific mechanism needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiong Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei People's Republic of China
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16
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Transcriptomic but not genomic variability confers phenotype of breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:56. [PMID: 30231942 PMCID: PMC6146522 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are considered responsible for cancer relapse and drug resistance. Understanding the identity of BCSCs may open new avenues in breast cancer therapy. Although several discoveries have been made on BCSC characterization, the factors critical to the origination of BCSCs are largely unclear. This study aimed to determine whether genomic mutations contribute to the acquisition of cancer stem-like phenotype and to investigate the genetic and transcriptional features of BCSCs. Methods We detected potential BCSC phenotype-associated mutation hotspot regions by using whole-genome sequencing on parental cancer cells and derived serial-generation spheres in increasing order of BCSC frequency, and then performed target deep DNA sequencing at bulk-cell and single-cell levels. To identify the transcriptional program associated with BCSCs, bulk-cell and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed. Results By using whole-genome sequencing of bulk cells, potential BCSC phenotype-associated mutation hotspot regions were detected. Validation by target deep DNA sequencing, at both bulk-cell and single-cell levels, revealed no genetic changes specifically associated with BCSC phenotype. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing showed profound transcriptomic variability in cancer cells at the single-cell level that predicted BCSC features. Notably, this transcriptomic variability was enriched during the transcription of 74 genes, revealed as BCSC markers. Breast cancer patients with a high risk of relapse exhibited higher expression levels of these BCSC markers than those with a low risk of relapse, thereby highlighting the clinical significance of predicting breast cancer prognosis with these BCSC markers. Conclusions Transcriptomic variability, not genetic mutations, distinguishes BCSCs from non-BCSCs. The identified 74 BCSC markers have the potential of becoming novel targets for breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40880-018-0326-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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17
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Carrasco-Garcia E, García-Puga M, Arevalo S, Matheu A. Towards precision medicine: linking genetic and cellular heterogeneity in gastric cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918794628. [PMID: 30181784 PMCID: PMC6116075 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918794628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and cellular heterogeneity are phenomena that are revolutionizing
oncology research and becoming critical to the idea of personalized medicine.
Recent comprehensive molecular profiling has identified molecular subtypes of
gastric cancer (GC) and linked them to clinical information. Moreover, GC stem
cells (gCSCs) have been identified and found to be responsible for GC initiation
and progression, Helicobacter pylori oncogenic action and
therapy resistance. Addressing molecular heterogeneity is critical for achieving
an optimal therapeutic approach against GC as well as targeting gCSCs. In this
review, we outline the implications of molecular and cellular heterogeneity in
the treatment of GC and we summarize the clinical impact of the most important
regulators of gCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Gipuzkoa, Spain CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel García-Puga
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sara Arevalo
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain s/n, Gipuzkoa, 20014, Spain IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) Madrid, Spain
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18
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Duan S, Gong B, Wang P, Huang H, Luo L, Liu F. Novel prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer based on gene expression microarray: COL12A1, GSTA3, FGA and FGG. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3727-3736. [PMID: 30106150 PMCID: PMC6131538 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the world. However, its mechanisms of occurrence and development have not been clearly elucidated. Furthermore, there is no effective tumor marker for GC. Using DNA microarray analysis, the present study revealed genetic alterations, screened out core genes as novel markers and discovered pathways for potential therapeutic targets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GC and adjacent normal tissues were identified, followed by pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs. Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was built and visualized. Analyses of modules in the PPI network were then performed to identify the functional core genes. Finally, survival analysis of core genes was conducted. A total of 256 genes were identified as DEGs between the GC samples and normal samples, including 169 downregulated and 87 upregulated genes. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, the present study identified a total of 143 GO terms and 21 pathways. Six clusters of functional modules were identified, and the genes associated with these modules were screened out as the functional core genes. Certain core genes, including collagen type 12 α1 chain (COL12A1), glutathione S-transferase α3 (GSTA3), fibrinogen α chain (FGA) and fibrinogen γ chain (FGG), were the first reported to be associated with GC. Survival analysis suggested that these four genes, COL12A1 (P=0.002), GSTA3 (P=3.4×10−6), FGA (P=0.00075) and FGG (P=1.4×10-5), were significant poor prognostic factors and therefore, potential targets to improve diagnosis, optimize chemotherapy and predict prognostic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Duan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Baocheng Gong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Pengliang Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hanwei Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Funan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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19
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Miele E, Po A, Begalli F, Antonucci L, Mastronuzzi A, Marras CE, Carai A, Cucchi D, Abballe L, Besharat ZM, Catanzaro G, Infante P, Di Marcotullio L, Canettieri G, De Smaele E, Screpanti I, Locatelli F, Ferretti E. β-arrestin1-mediated acetylation of Gli1 regulates Hedgehog/Gli signaling and modulates self-renewal of SHH medulloblastoma cancer stem cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:488. [PMID: 28716052 PMCID: PMC5512842 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant Sonic Hedgehog/Gli (Hh/Gli) signaling pathway is a critical regulator of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma (SHH-MB). Cancer stem cells (CSCs), thought to be largely responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance, dissemination and relapse, have been identified in SHH-MB. Since we previously demonstrated that Hh/Gli signaling controls CSCs features in SHH-MB and that in these tumors miR-326 is down regulated, here we investigated whether there is a functional link between Hh/Gli signaling and miR-326. Methods We evaluated β-arrestin1 (Arrb1) and its intragenic miR-326 levels in CSCs derived from SHH-MB. Subsequently, we modulated the expression of Arrb1 and miR-326 in CSCs in order to gain insight into their biological role. We also analyzed the mechanism by which Arrb1 and miR-326 control Hh/Gli signaling and self-renewal, using luciferase and protein immunoprecipitation assays. Results Low levels of Arrb1 and miR-326 represent a feature of CSCs derived from SHH-MB. We observed that re-expression of Arrb1 and miR-326 inhibits Hh/Gli signaling pathway at multiple levels, which cause impaired proliferation and self-renewal, accompanied by down regulation of Nanog levels. In detail, miR-326 negatively regulates two components of the Hh/Gli pathway the receptor Smoothened (Smo) and the transcription factor Gli2, whereas Arrb1 suppresses the transcriptional activity of Gli1, by potentiating its p300-mediated acetylation. Conclusions Our results identify a new molecular mechanism involving miR-326 and Arrb1 as regulators of SHH-MB CSCs. Specifically, low levels of Arrb1 and miR-326 trigger and maintain Hh/Gli signaling and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Miele
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Begalli
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Efisio Marras
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Cucchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Abballe
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 291 - 00161, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Zein Mersini Besharat
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 291 - 00161, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Catanzaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 291 - 00161, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 291 - 00161, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 291 - 00161, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Neuromed Institute, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy.
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20
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Identification and validation of a prognostic 9-genes expression signature for gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73826-73836. [PMID: 29088749 PMCID: PMC5650304 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality. Reasonable assessment of prognosis is essential to improve the outcomes of patients. In this study, we constructed and validated a prognostic gene model to evaluate the risks of GC patients. To identify the differentially expressed genes between GC patients and controls, we extracted Gene expression profiles of GC patients (N=432) from Gene Expression Omnibus database and then stable signature genes by using Robust likelihood-based modeling with 1000 iterations. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of all samples was performed basing on the characteristics of gene expressions. Meanwhile, the differences between the clusters were analyzed by Kaplan Meier survival analysis. A 9-genes model was obtained (frequency = 999; p=1.333628e-18), including two negative impact factors (NR1I2 and LGALSL) and 7 positive ones (C1ORF198, CST2, LAMP5, FOXS1, CES1P1, MMP7 and COL8A1). This model was verified in single factor survival analysis (p=0.004447558) and significant analysis with recurrence time (p=0.001474831) by using independent datasets from TCGA. The constructed 9-genes model was stable and effective, which might serve as prognostic signature to predict the survival of GC patients and monitor the long-term treatment of GC.
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21
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Huang T, Zhou Y, Cheng ASL, Yu J, To KF, Kang W. NOTCH receptors in gastric and other gastrointestinal cancers: oncogenes or tumor suppressors? Mol Cancer 2016; 15:80. [PMID: 27938406 PMCID: PMC5148895 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks the most common cancer types and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Due to delayed diagnosis and high metastatic frequency, 5-year survival rate of GC is rather low. It is a complex disease resulting from the interaction between environmental factors and host genetic alterations that deregulate multiple signaling pathways. The Notch signaling pathway, a highly conserved system in the regulation of the fate in several cell types, plays a pivotal role in cell differentiation, survival and proliferation. Notch is also one of the most commonly activated signaling pathways in tumors and its aberrant activation plays a key role in cancer advancement. Whether Notch cascade exerts oncogenic or tumor suppressive function in different cancer types depends on the cellular context. Mammals have four NOTCH receptors that modulate Notch pathway activity. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary on the functional role of NOTCH receptors in gastric and other gastrointestinal cancers. Increasing knowledge of NOTCH receptors in gastrointestinal cancers will help us recognize the underlying mechanisms of Notch signaling and develop novel therapeutic strategies for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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Prognostic values of four Notch receptor mRNA expression in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28044. [PMID: 27363496 PMCID: PMC4929462 DOI: 10.1038/srep28044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch ligands and receptors are frequently deregulated in several human malignancies including gastric cancer. The activation of Notch signaling has been reported to contribute to gastric carcinogenesis and progression. However, the prognostic roles of individual Notch receptors in gastric cancer patients remain elusive. In the current study, we accessed the prognostic roles of four Notch receptors, Notch 1-4, in gastric cancer patients through "The Kaplan-Meier plotter" (KM plotter) database, in which updated gene expression data and survival information include a total of 876 gastric cancer patients. All four Notch receptors' high mRNA expression was found to be correlated to worsen overall survival (OS) for all gastric cancer patients followed for 20 years. We further accessed the prognostic roles of individual Notch receptors in different clinicopathological features using Lauren classification, pathological grades, clinical grades, HER2 status and different choices of treatments of gastric cancer patients. These results indicate that there are critical prognostic values of the four Notch receptors in gastric cancer. This information will be useful for better understanding of the heterogeneity and complexity in the molecular biology of gastric cancer and to develop tools to more accurately predict their prognosis.
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Jang BG, Lee BL, Kim WH. Prognostic significance of leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5, an intestinal stem cell marker, in gastric carcinomas. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:767-77. [PMID: 26386561 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells expressing LGR5, an intestinal stem cell marker, have been suggested as cancer stem cells in human colon cancers. Previously, we discovered that LGR5-expressing cells exist in the gastric antrum and remarkably increase in number in intestinal metaplasia. In addition, most gastric adenomas contain abundant LGR5-expressing cells coexpressing intestinal stem cell signatures. However, LGR5 expression in gastric cancers (GCs) and its prognostic significance remain unknown. METHODS We examined the LGR5 expression in GC tissues by real time-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization, and analyzed its clinicopathological relevance and prognostic value. The effects of LGR5 on cancer cell proliferation and migration were assessed with an in vitro transfection technique. RESULTS LGR5 expression was significantly lower in GCs than in matched nontumorous gastric mucosa. RNA in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays showed that 7 % of GCs were positive for LGR5. LGR5 positivity was associated with old age, well to moderate differentiation, and nuclear β-catenin positivity. Although LGR5 did not show any prognostic significance for all GC cases, it was associated with poor survival in GCs with nuclear β-catenin expression. LGR5 expression was induced by transfection in GC cell lines with abnormal Wnt activation, which, however, showed no influence on the growth and migration of GC cells. CONCLUSION A small portion of GCs expressed LGR5. Although LGR5 was associated with poor survival in GCs with nuclear β-catenin, LGR5 expression in GC cells had no effects on the growth and migration, requiring a further study exploring a biological role of LGR5 in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang J, Sun F. Protein-protein interactions among signaling pathways may become new therapeutic targets in liver cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 35:625-38. [PMID: 26717966 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous signaling pathways have been shown to be dysregulated in liver cancer. In addition, some protein-protein interactions are prerequisite for the uncontrolled activation or inhibition of these signaling pathways. For instance, in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, protein AKT binds with a number of proteins such as mTOR, FOXO1 and MDM2 to play an oncogenic role in liver cancer. The aim of the present review was to focus on a series of important protein-protein interactions that can serve as potential therapeutic targets in liver cancer among certain important pro-carcinogenic signaling pathways. The strategies of how to investigate and analyze the protein-protein interactions are also included in this review. A survey of these protein interactions may provide alternative therapeutic targets in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Silencing of MAP4K4 by short hairpin RNA suppresses proliferation, induces G1 cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:41-8. [PMID: 26549737 PMCID: PMC4686070 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Previous studies suggest that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase isoform 4 (MAP4K4) is involved in cancer cell growth, apoptosis and migration. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine if MAP4K4 was overexpressed in GC. The knockdown of MAP4K4 by RNA interference in GC cells markedly inhibited cell proliferation, which may be mediated by cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. The silencing of MAP4K4 also induced cell apoptosis by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. In addition, Notch signaling was markedly reduced by MAP4K4 silencing. The results of the present study suggested that inhibition of MAP4K4 may be a therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Hudler P. Challenges of deciphering gastric cancer heterogeneity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10510-10527. [PMID: 26457012 PMCID: PMC4588074 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is in decline in most developed countries; however, it still accounts for a notable fraction of global mortality and morbidity related to cancer. High-throughput methods are rapidly changing our view and understanding of the molecular basis of gastric carcinogenesis. Today, it is widely accepted that the molecular complexity and heterogeneity, both inter- and intra-tumour, of gastric adenocarcinomas present significant obstacles in elucidating specific biomarkers for early detection of the disease. Although genome-wide sequencing and gene expression studies have revealed the intricate nature of the molecular changes that occur in tumour landscapes, the collected data and results are complex and sometimes contradictory. Several aberrant molecules have already been tested in clinical trials, although their diagnostic and prognostic utilities have not been confirmed thus far. The gold standard for the detection of sporadic gastric cancer is still the gastric endoscopy, which is considered invasive. In addition, genome-wide association studies have confirmed that genetic variations are important contributors to increased cancer risk and could participate in the initiation of malignant transformation. This hypothesis could in part explain the late onset of sporadic gastric cancers. The elaborate interplay of polymorphic low penetrance genes and lifestyle and environmental risk factors requires additional research to decipher their relative impacts on tumorigenesis. The purpose of this article is to present details of the molecular heterogeneity of sporadic gastric cancers at the DNA, RNA, and proteome levels and to discuss issues relevant to the translation of basic research data to clinically valuable tools. The focus of this work is the identification of relevant molecular changes that could be detected non-invasively.
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27
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Bauer L, Takacs A, Slotta-Huspenina J, Langer R, Becker K, Novotny A, Ott K, Walch A, Hapfelmeier A, Keller G. Clinical Significance of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 Expression in Gastric Carcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Study. Front Oncol 2015; 5:94. [PMID: 25954607 PMCID: PMC4406075 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NOTCH signaling can exert oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions and can contribute to chemotherapy resistance in cancer. In this study, we aimed to clarify the clinicopathological significance and the prognostic and predictive value of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 expression in gastric cancer (GC). Methods NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 expression was determined immunohistochemically in 142 primarily resected GCs using tissue microarrays and in 84 pretherapeutic biopsies from patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The results were correlated with survival, response to therapy, and clinico-pathological features. Results Primarily resected patients with NOTCH1-negative tumors demonstrated worse survival. High NOTCH1 expression was associated with early-stage tumors and with significantly increased survival in this subgroup. Higher NOTCH2 expression was associated with early-stage and intestinal-type tumors and with better survival in the subgroup of intestinal-type tumors. In pretherapeutic biopsies, higher NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 expression was more frequent in non-responding patients, but these differences were statistically not significant. Conclusion Our findings suggested that, in particular, NOTCH1 expression indicated good prognosis in GC. The close relationship of high NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 expression with early tumor stages may indicate a tumor-suppressive role of NOTCH signaling in GC. The role of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 in neoadjuvantly treated GC is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Agnes Takacs
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | | | - Rupert Langer
- Department of Pathology, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Karen Becker
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Alexander Novotny
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rosenheim , Rosenheim , Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Gisela Keller
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
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Tanabe S, Aoyagi K, Yokozaki H, Sasaki H. Regulated genes in mesenchymal stem cells and gastric cancer. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:208-222. [PMID: 25621121 PMCID: PMC4300932 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the genes regulated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and diffuse-type gastric cancer (GC), gene expression was analyzed.
METHODS: Gene expression of MSCs and diffuse-type GC cells were analyzed by microarray. Genes related to stem cells, cancer and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were extracted from human gene lists using Gene Ontology and reference information. Gene panels were generated, and messenger RNA gene expression in MSCs and diffuse-type GC cells was analyzed. Cluster analysis was performed using the NCSS software.
RESULTS: The gene expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 1 (RGS1) was up-regulated in diffuse-type GC cells compared with MSCs. A panel of stem-cell related genes and genes involved in cancer or the EMT were examined. Stem-cell related genes, such as growth arrest-specific 6, musashi RNA-binding protein 2 and hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Drosophila), NOTCH family genes and Notch ligands, such as delta-like 1 (Drosophila) and Jagged 2, were regulated.
CONCLUSION: Expression of RGS1 is up-regulated, and genes related to stem cells and NOTCH signaling are altered in diffuse-type GC compared with MSCs.
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Tanaka K, Mohri Y, Koike Y, Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Ohi M, Kobayashi M, Inoue Y, Araki T, Uchida K, Miki C, Kusunoki M. Molecular characteristics of residual cancer and stromal cells after chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer: report of four cases. Clin Case Rep 2015; 2:165-72. [PMID: 25614804 PMCID: PMC4302618 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE Four patients with gastric cancer underwent 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. Expression analysis of chemoradiosensitivity related genes in residual cancer using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens may be useful when determining a chemotherapy regimen for disease recurrence after chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Mohri
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuhki Koike
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Minako Kobayashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Araki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Keiichi Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Chikao Miki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Smyth EC, Cunningham D. Operable gastro-oesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma: Where to next? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6:145-155. [PMID: 24936225 PMCID: PMC4058722 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v6.i6.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma is a challenging and increasingly common disease. Optimisation of pre-operative staging and consolidation of surgery in large volume centres have improved outcomes, however the preferred adjunctive treatment approach remains a matter of debate. This review examines the benefits of neoadjuvant, peri-operative, and post-operative chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in this setting in an attempt to reach an evidence based conclusion. Recent findings relating to the molecular characterisation of oesophagogastric cancer and their impact on therapeutics are explored, in addition to the potential benefits of fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) directed therapy. Finally, efforts to decrease the incidence of junctional adenocarcinoma using early intervention in Barrett’s oesophagus are discussed, including the roles of screening, endoscopic mucosal resection, ablative therapies and chemoprevention.
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Nakata S, Phillips E, Goidts V. Emerging role for leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors LGR5 and LGR4 in cancer stem cells. Cancer Manag Res 2014; 6:171-80. [PMID: 24711713 PMCID: PMC3969255 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s57846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of cancer stem cells has gained considerable interest in the last few decades, partly because of their potential implication in therapy resistance. However, the lack of specific cellular surface markers for these cells has impeded their isolation, making the characterization of this cellular subpopulation technically challenging. Recent studies have indicated that leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 and 5 (LGR4 and LGR5) expression in multiple organs may represent a global marker of adult stem cells. This review aims to give an overview of LGR4 and LGR5 as cancer stem cell markers and their function in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Nakata
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Emma Phillips
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Violaine Goidts
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Carneiro P, Figueiredo J, Bordeira-Carriço R, Fernandes MS, Carvalho J, Oliveira C, Seruca R. Therapeutic targets associated to E-cadherin dysfunction in gastric cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1187-201. [PMID: 23957294 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.827174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) plays a key role in epithelial cell-cell adhesion, contributing to tissue differentiation and homeostasis. Throughout the past decades, research has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying E-cadherin's role in tumor progression, namely in invasion and metastization. Emerging evidence established E-cadherin as a tumor suppressor and suggests that targeting E-cadherin or downstream signaling molecules may constitute effective cancer therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review aims to cover E-cadherin-mediated signaling during cancer development and progression and highlight putative therapeutic targets. EXPERT OPINION Reconstitution of E-cadherin expression or targeting of E-cadherin downstream molecules holds promise in cancer therapies. Considering the high frequency of CDH1 promoter hypermethylation as a second hit in malignant lesions from hereditary diffuse gastric cancer patients, histone deacetylase inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents in combination with conventional chemotherapy, specifically in initial tumor stages. Concerning E-cadherin-mediated signaling, we propose that HER receptors (as epidermal growth factor receptor) and Notch downstream targets are clinically relevant and should be considered in gastric cancer therapeutics and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Carneiro
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto , Portugal +00351 225570700 ; +00351 225570799 ;
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Scannell CA, Pedersen EA, Mosher JT, Krook MA, Nicholls LA, Wilky BA, Loeb DM, Lawlor ER. LGR5 is Expressed by Ewing Sarcoma and Potentiates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Oncol 2013; 3:81. [PMID: 23596566 PMCID: PMC3625903 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor of putative stem cell origin that predominantly occurs in children and young adults. Although most patients with localized ES can be cured with intensive therapy, the clinical course is variable and up to one third of patients relapse following initial remission. Unfortunately, little is yet known about the biologic features that distinguish low-risk from high-risk disease or the mechanisms of ES disease progression. Recent reports have suggested that putative cancer stem cells exist in ES and may contribute to an aggressive phenotype. The cell surface receptor leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a somatic stem cell marker that functions as an oncogene in several human cancers, most notably colorectal carcinoma. LGR5 is a receptor for the R-spondin (RSPO) family of ligands and RSPO-mediated activation of LGR5 potentiates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, contributing to stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. Given its presumed stem cell origin, we investigated whether LGR5 contributes to ES pathogenesis. We found that LGR5 is expressed by ES and that its expression is relatively increased in cells and tumors that display a more aggressive phenotype. In particular, LGR5 expression was increased in putative cancer stem cells. We also found that neural crest-derived stem cells express LGR5, raising the possibility that expression of LGR5 may be a feature of ES cells of origin. LGR5-high ES cells showed nuclear localization of β-catenin and robust activation of TCF reporter activity when exposed to Wnt ligand and this was potentiated by RSPO. However, modulation of LGR5 or exposure to RSPO had no impact on proliferation confirming that Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ES cells does not recapitulate signaling in epithelial cells. Together these studies show that the RSPO-LGR5-Wnt-β-catenin axis is present and active in ES and may contribute to tumor pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Scannell
- Keck School of Medicine, University Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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