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Contreras M, Vaz-Rodrigues R, Mazuecos L, Villar M, Artigas-Jerónimo S, González-García A, Shilova NV, Bovin NV, Díaz-Sánchez S, Ferreras-Colino E, Pacheco I, Chmelař J, Kopáček P, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Allergic reactions to tick saliva components in zebrafish model. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:242. [PMID: 37468955 PMCID: PMC10357745 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a tick-borne food allergy caused by IgE antibodies against the glycan galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) present in glycoproteins and glycolipids from mammalian meat. To advance in the diagnosis and treatment of AGS, further research is needed to unravel the molecular and immune mechanisms underlying this syndrome. The objective of this study is the characterization of tick salivary components and proteins with and without α-Gal modifications involved in modulating human immune response against this carbohydrate. METHODS Protein and α-Gal content were determined in tick saliva components, and proteins were identified by proteomics analysis of tick saliva fractions. Pathophysiological changes were recorded in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model after exposure to distinct Ixodes ricinus tick salivary components. Serum samples were collected from zebrafish at day 8 of exposure to determine anti-α-Gal, anti-glycan, and anti-tick saliva protein IgM antibody titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Zebrafish treated with tick saliva and saliva protein fractions combined with non-protein fractions demonstrated significantly higher incidence of hemorrhagic type allergic reactions, abnormal behavioral patterns, or mortality when compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group. The main tick salivary proteins identified in these fractions with possible functional implication in AGS were the secreted protein B7P208-salivary antigen p23 and metalloproteases. Anti-α-Gal and anti-tick salivary gland IgM antibody titers were significantly higher in distinct saliva protein fractions and deglycosylated saliva group when compared with PBS-treated controls. Anti-glycan antibodies showed group-related profiles. CONCLUSIONS Results support the hypothesis that tick salivary biomolecules with and without α-Gal modifications are involved in modulating immune response against this carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Contreras
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rita Vaz-Rodrigues
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ave. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Almudena González-García
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V. I. Kulakov, Oparina str. 4, 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Díaz-Sánchez
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de La Laguna, Entrada Campus Anchieta, 4, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Elisa Ferreras-Colino
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Iván Pacheco
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jindřich Chmelař
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Petr Kopáček
- Institute of ParasitologyBiology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Jacquet A. The HDM allergen orchestra and its cysteine protease maestro: Stimulators of kaleidoscopic innate immune responses. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:48-60. [PMID: 36889186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) encloses an explosive cocktail of allergenic proteins sensitizing hundreds of millions of people worldwide. To date, the innate cellular and molecular mechanism(s) orchestrating the HDM-induced allergic inflammation remains partially deciphered. Understanding the kaleidoscope of HDM-induced innate immune responses is hampered by (1) the large complexity of the HDM allergome with very diverse functional bioreactivities, (2) the perpetual presence of microbial compounds (at least LPS, β-glucan, chitin) promoting as well pro-Th2 innate signaling pathways and (3) multiple cross-talks involving structural, neuronal and immune cells. The present review provides an update on the innate immune properties, identified so far, of multiple HDM allergen groups. Experimental evidence highlights the importance of HDM allergens displaying protease or lipid-binding activities on the initiation of the allergic responses. Specifically, group 1 HDM cysteine proteases are considered as the key initiators of the allergic response through their capacities to impair the epithelial barrier integrity, to stimulate the release of pro-Th2 danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in epithelial cells, to produce super-active forms of IL-33 alarmin and to mature thrombin leading to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Remarkably, the recently evidenced primary sensing of cysteine protease allergens by nociceptive neurons confirms the critical role of this HDM allergen group in the early events leading to Th2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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3
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Bidoli C, Miccoli A, Buonocore F, Fausto AM, Gerdol M, Picchietti S, Scapigliati G. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Early Hemocyte Responses upon In Vivo Stimulation with LPS in the Stick Insect Bacillus rossius (Rossi, 1788). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070645. [PMID: 35886821 PMCID: PMC9316843 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-model insect species such as B. rossius suffer from a profound gap of knowledge regarding the temporal progression of physiological responses following the challenge with bacterial pathogens or cell wall components thereof. The reason for this mostly lies in the lack of genomic/transcriptomic resources, which would provide an unparalleled in-depth capacity in the analysis of molecular, biochemical, and metabolic mechanisms. We present a high-quality transcriptome obtained from high-coverage sequencing of hemocytes harvested from adult stick insect specimens both pre- and post-LPS stimulation. Such a resource served as the basis for a stringent differential gene expression and functional enrichment analyses, the results of which were characterized and discussed in depth. Selected transcripts encoding for C-type lectins and ML-domain containing proteins were further investigated from a phylogenetic perspective. Overall, these findings shed light on the physiological responses driven by a short-term LPS stimulation in the European stick insect. Abstract Despite a growing number of non-model insect species is being investigated in recent years, a greater understanding of their physiology is prevented by the lack of genomic resources. This is the case of the common European stick insect Bacillus rossius (Rossi, 1788): in this species, some knowledge is available on hemocyte-related defenses, but little is known about the physiological changes occurring in response to natural or experimental challenges. Here, the transcriptional signatures of adult B. rossius hemocytes were investigated after a short-term (2 h) LPS stimulation in vivo: a total of 2191 differentially expressed genes, mostly involved in proteolysis and carbohydrate and lipid metabolic processes, were identified in the de novo assembled transcriptome and in-depth discussed. Overall, the significant modulation of immune signals—such as C-type lectins, ML domain-containing proteins, serpins, as well as Toll signaling-related molecules—provide novel information on the early progression of LPS-induced responses in B. rossius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Bidoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrea Miccoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.F.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.F.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.F.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.F.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.F.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
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Zhu B, Jin P, Hou Z, Li J, Wei S, Li S. Chromosomal-level genome of a sheet-web spider provides insight into the composition and evolution of venom. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2333-2348. [PMID: 35182027 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spiders are the most abundant venomous predators in the world. Previous research related to spider venom has mostly relied on transcriptomes and proteomes, with only a few high-quality genomes available. This is far from consistent with the species diversity of spiders. In this study, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of Hylyphantes graminicola, which contained 13 chromosomes, with a genome length of 931.68 Mb and scaffold N50 of 77.07 Mb. Integrating genome, transcriptome, and proteome profiling, we identified a total of 59 coding genes among nine toxin gene families. Among them, Group 7 allergen (ALL7) protein was reported in spider venom for the first time. Its coding genes had a predicted signal peptide and maintained high expression levels in the venom, suggesting that ALL7 plays an important role in venom and maybe is a type of newly discovered venom toxin in the spider. By implementing comparative genomics, we found a similar gene number of main toxin gene families in spiders and the scorpion genome with conservative evolutionary rates, indicating that these toxin genes could be an ancient (~400 million years) and a conserved "basic toolkit" for spiders and scorpions to perform primary defense functions. Obtaining high-quality chromosome-level genomes from spiders not only facilitates venom research and toxin resource application, but also can improve comparative genomic analysis in other important traits, like the evolution of silk or behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhonge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization/ Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shujun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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5
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Maag A, Sharma P, Schuijt TJ, Kopatz WF, Kruijswijk D, Marquart JA, van der Poll T, Hackeng TM, Nicolaes GAF, Meijers JCM, Bos MHA, van ’t Veer C. Structure-function of anticoagulant TIX-5, the inhibitor of factor Xa-mediated FV activation. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1697-1708. [PMID: 33829620 PMCID: PMC8360041 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prothrombinase complex consists of factors Xa (FXa) and Va (FVa) on an anionic phospholipid surface and converts prothrombin into thrombin. Both coagulation factors require activation before complex assembly. We recently identified TIX-5, a unique anticoagulant tick protein that specifically inhibits FXa-mediated activation of FV. Because TIX-5 inhibited thrombin generation in blood plasma, it was concluded that FV activation by FXa contributes importantly to coagulation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to unravel the structure-function relationships of TIX-5. METHOD We used a structure model generated based on homology with the allergen Der F7. RESULTS Tick inhibitor of factor Xa toward FV was predicted to consist of a single rod formed by several beta sheets wrapped around a central C-terminal alpha helix. By mutagenesis we could show that two hydrophobic loops at one end of the rod mediate the phospholipid binding of TIX-5. On the other end of the rod an FV interaction region was identified on one side, whereas on the other side an EGK sequence was identified that could potentially form a pseudosubstrate of FXa. All three interaction sites were important for the anticoagulant properties of TIX-5 in a tissue factor-initiated thrombin generation assay as well as in the inhibition of FV activation by FXa in a purified system. CONCLUSION The structure-function properties of TIX-5 are in perfect agreement with a protein that inhibits the FXa-mediated activation on a phospholipid surface. The present elucidation of the mechanism of action of TIX-5 will aid in deciphering the processes involved in the initiation phase of blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Maag
- Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tim J. Schuijt
- Hospital Gelderse Vallei EdeClinical Chemistry and Hematology LaboratoryEdeThe Netherlands
| | - Wil F. Kopatz
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Kruijswijk
- Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. Arnoud Marquart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Gerry A. F. Nicolaes
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Joost C. M. Meijers
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mettine H. A. Bos
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van ’t Veer
- Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Xiong Q, Wan ATY, Tsui SKW. A Mini-review of the Genomes and Allergens of Mites and Ticks. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:114-123. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190719150432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mites and ticks are associated with many human diseases including allergic diseases and
scabies. With the recent advances in the high throughput DNA sequencing technology, many mitochondrial
nuclear genomes of these species have been sequenced and the resulting genomic resources
will certainly provide novel insights for the future investigation of the functionally important proteins
and peptides in these species. In this mini-review, the current situation of mite and tick genomes is
described and the future perspectives for the application of the genomic resources are discussed, especially
including the novel identification and structural analysis of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Angel Tsz Yau Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Jacquet A, Robinson C. Proteolytic, lipidergic and polysaccharide molecular recognition shape innate responses to house dust mite allergens. Allergy 2020; 75:33-53. [PMID: 31166610 DOI: 10.1111/all.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDMs) are sources of an extensive repertoire of allergens responsible for a range of allergic conditions. Technological advances have accelerated the identification of these allergens and characterized their putative roles within HDMs. Understanding their functional bioactivities is illuminating how they interact with the immune system to cause disease and how interrelations between them are essential to maximize allergic responses. Two types of allergen bioactivity, namely proteolysis and peptidolipid/lipid binding, elicit IgE and stimulate bystander responses to unrelated allergens. Much of this influence arises from Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 or TLR2 signalling and, in the case of protease allergens, the activation of additional pleiotropic effectors with strong disease linkage. Of related interest is the interaction of HDM allergens with common components of the house dust matrix, through either their binding to allergens or their autonomous modulation of immune receptors. Herein, we provide a contemporary view of how proteolysis, lipid-binding activity and interactions with polysaccharides and polysaccharide molecular recognition systems coordinate the principal responses which underlie allergy. The power of the catalytically competent group 1 HDM protease allergen component is demonstrated by a review of disclosures surrounding the efficacy of novel inhibitors produced by structure-based design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center-Chula VRC) Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Clive Robinson
- Institute for Infection and Immunity St George's, University of London London UK
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8
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Reginald K, Chew FT. The major allergen Der p 2 is a cholesterol binding protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1556. [PMID: 30733527 PMCID: PMC6367342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Der p 2 is a major dust mite allergen and >80% of mite allergic individuals have specific IgE to this allergen. Although it is well characterized in terms of allergenicity, there is still some ambiguity in terms of its biological function. Three-dimensional structural analysis of Der p 2 and its close homologues indicate the presence of a hydrophobic cavity which can potentially bind to lipid molecules. In this study, we aimed to identify the potential ligand of Der p 2. Using a liposome pulldown assay, we show that recombinant Der p 2 binds to liposomes prepared with exogenous cholesterol in a dose dependent fashion. Next, an ELISA based assay using immobilized lipids was used to study binding specificities of other lipid molecules. Cholesterol was the preferred ligand of Der p 2 among 11 different lipids tested. Two homologues of Der p 2, Der f 2 and Der f 22 also bound to cholesterol. Further, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we confirmed that cholesterol is the natural ligand of Der p 2. Three amino acid residues of Der p 2, V104, V106 and V110 are possible cholesterol binding sites, as alanine mutations of these residues showed a significant decrease in binding (p < 0.05) compared to wild-type Der p 2. These results provide the first direct experimental evidence that Der p 2 binds to cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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9
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The different modes of binding of the dust mite allergens, Der f 7 and Der p 7, on a monoclonal antibody WH9 contribute to the differential reactivity. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 51:478-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Little MS, Redinbo MR. Crystal structure of the mouse innate immunity factor bacterial permeability-increasing family member A1. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:268-276. [PMID: 29717993 PMCID: PMC5931138 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18004600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial permeability-increasing family member A1 (BPIFA1) is an innate immunity factor and one of the most abundantly secreted proteins in the upper airways. BPIFA1 is multifunctional, with antimicrobial, surfactant and lipopolysaccharide-binding activities, as well as established roles in lung hydration. Here, the 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of BPIFA1 from Mus musculus (mBPIFA1) is presented and compared with those of human BPIFA1 (hBPIFA1) and structural homologs. Structural distinctions between mBPIFA1 and hBPIFA1 suggest potential differences in biological function, including the regulation of a key pulmonary ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Science, University of North Carolina, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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Soongrung T, Mongkorntanyatip K, Peepim T, Buaklin A, Le Mignon M, Malainual N, Nony E, Jacquet A. The Blomia tropicalis allergen Blo t 7 stimulates innate immune signalling pathways through TLR2. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:464-474. [PMID: 29356186 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the house dust mite species Blomia tropicalis is a leading cause of allergic diseases in tropical and subtropical regions, the identification and characterization of the allergenic proteins remain incomplete. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize a recombinant form of Blo t 7 (rBlo t 7) in terms of IgE reactivity, lipid-binding activity and ability to stimulate innate immunity. METHODS The mature Blo t 7 cDNA was cloned by PCR methods for the expression of a secreted form of the allergen in P. pastoris. The IgE reactivity to purified rBlo t 7 as well as the potential cross-reactivity with Der p 7 was determined by ELISA. The lipid-binding capacity of rBlo t 7 was assayed using fluorescent lipid probes. The stimulation of TLR2 signalling pathway by rBlo t 7 was examined in cell activation and reporter assays. RESULTS The amplified mature Blo t 7 cDNA revealed the presence of a 60 base pair insertion compared with the reference sequence registered in the GenBank database. Multiple protein sequence alignments of group 7 mite allergens confirmed that this longer deduced amino acid sequence was the authentic Blo t 7 polypeptide chain. Analysis of IgE reactivity can classify rBlo t 7 as an intermediate B. tropicalis allergen which displayed weak cross-reactivity with Der p 7. Purified rBlo t 7 was shown to bind selectively the naturally fluorescent lipid probe cis-parinaric (cPNA) with a dissociation constant of 2 μmol/L. The group 7 Blomia allergen stimulated the TLR2-, NF-kB- and MAPK-dependent production of IL-8 and GM-CSF in respiratory epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Through its propensity to transport fatty acids/lipids and to stimulate TLR2 signalling pathways in airway epithelial cells, Blo t 7 can represent a key allergen for the initiation of the B. tropicalis-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soongrung
- Chula Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Mongkorntanyatip
- Chula Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Peepim
- Chula Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Buaklin
- Chula Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - N Malainual
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - E Nony
- Stallergenes-Greer, Antony, France
| | - A Jacquet
- Chula Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hernández-Vargas MJ, Gil J, Lozano L, Pedraza-Escalona M, Ortiz E, Encarnación-Guevara S, Alagón A, Corzo G. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of saliva components from the hematophagous reduviid Triatoma pallidipennis. J Proteomics 2017; 162:30-39. [PMID: 28442446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Species belonging to the Triatominae subfamily are commonly associated with Chagas disease, as they are potential vectors of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. However, their saliva contains a cocktail of diverse anti-hemostatic proteins that prevent blood coagulation, vasodilation and platelet aggregation of blood; components with indisputable therapeutic potential. We performed a transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of salivary glands and protein spots from 2DE gels of milked saliva, respectively, from the Mexican Triatoma pallidipennis. Massive sequencing techniques were used to reveal this protein diversity. A total of 78 out of 233 transcripts were identified as proteins in the saliva, divided among 43 of 55 spots from 2DE gels of saliva, identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Some of the annotated transcripts putatively code for anti-hemostatic proteins, which share sequence similarities with proteins previously described for South American triatomines. The most abundant as well as diverse transcripts and proteins in the saliva were the anti-hemostatic triabins. For the first time, a transcriptomic analysis uncovered other unrelated but relevant components in triatomines, including antimicrobial and thrombolytic polypeptides. Likewise, unique proteins such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme were identified not just in the salivary gland transcriptome but also at saliva proteome of this North American bloodsucking insect. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript is the first report of the correlation between proteome and transcriptome of Triatoma pallidipennis, which shows for the first time the presence of proteins in this insect that have not been characterized in other species of this family. This information contributes to a better understanding of the multiple host defense mechanisms that are being affected at the moment of blood ingestion by the insect. Furthermore, this report gives a repertoire of possible therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Hernández-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas - UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Lozano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas - UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Alagón
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico.
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13
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Li W, Cheng T, Hu W, Peng Z, Liu C, Xia Q. Genome-wide identification and analysis of JHBP-domain family members in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:2159-2171. [PMID: 27631967 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) regulates the insect growth and development. JH appears in the hemolymph bound by a specific glycoprotein, juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHBP), which serves as a carrier to release the hormone to target tissues and cells. However, JHBP family candidates, expression patterns, and functional implications are still unclear. In this study, we identified 41 genes-containing conserved JHBP domains distributed across eight chromosomes of the silkworm Bombyx mori. A phylogenetic tree showed that the silkworm JHBP (BmJHBP) genes could be classified into two major branches and four subfamilies. Microarray data revealed that BmJHBP genes exhibit various expression patterns and are expressed in different tissues, periods, and sexes. The expression of BmJHBP genes was generally higher in the head, integument, midgut, fat body, testis, and ovary than in the anterior of the silk gland (ASG), median of the silk gland (MSG), posterior of the silk gland (PSG), hemocyte, and Malpighian tubule. BmJHBPd2, in particular, was investigated by Western Blotting, and immunofluorescent assay and was found to be highly expressed in the PSG cytoplasm on day 3 of the fifth instar, coinciding with silk production. Taken together, our findings will be useful in improving understanding the complexity of the JHBP family, and will lay the foundation of explaining functional characterization for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tingcai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhangchuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, 400716, China
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14
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Mans BJ, de Castro MH, Pienaar R, de Klerk D, Gaven P, Genu S, Latif AA. Ancestral reconstruction of tick lineages. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:509-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Walton WG, Ahmad S, Little MR, Kim CS, Tyrrell J, Lin Q, Di YP, Tarran R, Redinbo MR. Structural Features Essential to the Antimicrobial Functions of Human SPLUNC1. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2979-91. [PMID: 27145151 PMCID: PMC4887393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SPLUNC1 is an abundantly secreted innate immune protein in the mammalian respiratory tract that exerts bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects, binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and acts as a fluid-spreading surfactant. Here, we unravel the structural elements essential for the surfactant and antimicrobial functions of human SPLUNC1 (short palate lung nasal epithelial clone 1). A unique α-helix (α4) that extends from the body of SPLUNC1 is required for the bacteriostatic, surfactant, and LPS binding activities of this protein. Indeed, we find that mutation of just four leucine residues within this helical motif to alanine is sufficient to significantly inhibit the fluid spreading abilities of SPLUNC1, as well as its bacteriostatic actions against Gram-negative pathogens Burkholderia cenocepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conformational flexibility in the body of SPLUNC1 is also involved in the bacteriostatic, surfactant, and LPS binding functions of the protein as revealed by disulfide mutants introduced into SPLUNC1. In addition, SPLUNC1 exerts antibiofilm effects against Gram-negative bacteria, although α4 is not involved in this activity. Interestingly, though, the introduction of surface electrostatic mutations away from α4 based on the unique dolphin SPLUNC1 sequence, and confirmed by crystal structure, is shown to impart antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, the first SPLUNC1-dependent effect against a Gram-positive bacterium reported to date. Together, these data pinpoint SPLUNC1 structural motifs required for the antimicrobial and surfactant actions of this protective human protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Walton
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Saira Ahmad
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, 7102 Marsico Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Michael R. Little
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Christine S.K. Kim
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, 7102 Marsico Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Jean Tyrrell
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, 7102 Marsico Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 331 Bridgeside Point Building, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Y. Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 331 Bridgeside Point Building, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, 7102 Marsico Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA,Corresponding Author: 4350 Genome Sciences Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA, 919-962-4581, 919-962-2388 fax,
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16
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The TULIP superfamily of eukaryotic lipid-binding proteins as a mediator of lipid sensing and transport. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:913-923. [PMID: 26825693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The tubular lipid-binding (TULIP) superfamily has emerged in recent years as a major mediator of lipid sensing and transport in eukaryotes. It currently encompasses three protein families, SMP-like, BPI-like, and Takeout-like, which share a common fold. This fold consists of a long helix wrapped in a highly curved anti-parallel β-sheet, enclosing a central, lipophilic cavity. The SMP-like proteins, which include subunits of the ERMES complex and the extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts), appear to be mainly located at membrane contacts sites (MCSs) between organelles, mediating inter-organelle lipid exchange. The BPI-like proteins, which include the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), the LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-binding protein (LBP), the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and the phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), are either involved in innate immunity against bacteria through their ability to sense lipopolysaccharides, as is the case for BPI and LBP, or in lipid exchange between lipoprotein particles, as is the case for CETP and PLTP. The Takeout-like proteins, which are comprised of insect juvenile hormone-binding proteins and arthropod allergens, transport, where known, lipid hormones to target tissues during insect development. In all cases, the activity of these proteins is underpinned by their ability to bind large, hydrophobic ligands in their central cavity and segregate them away from the aqueous environment. Furthermore, where they are involved in lipid exchange, recent structural studies have highlighted their ability to establish lipophilic, tubular channels, either between organelles in the case of SMP domains or between lipoprotein particles in the case of CETP. Here, we review the current knowledge on the structure, versatile functions, and evolution of the TULIP superfamily. We propose a deep evolutionary split in this superfamily, predating the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor, between the SMP-like proteins, which act on lipids endogenous to the cell, and the BPI-like proteins (including the Takeout-like proteins of arthropods), which act on exogenous lipids. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The cellular lipid landscape edited by Tim P. Levine and Anant K. Menon.
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17
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Thomas WR. Hierarchy and molecular properties of house dust mite allergens. Allergol Int 2015; 64:304-11. [PMID: 26433526 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The allergenic load of house dust mite allergy is largely constituted by a few proteins with a hierarchical pattern of allergenicity. The serodominant specificities are the group 1&2 and the group 23 faecal allergens. The collective IgE binding to the group 1&2 allergens can measure unequivocal HDM sensitisation better than HDM extracts although discrepancies have been found in regions with complex acarofauna suggesting a need to investigate the specificity with allergen components. The group 4, 5, 7&21 allergens that each induce responses in about 40% of subjects are mid-tier allergens accounting for most of the remaining IgE binding. Their titres are proportional to the concomitant responses to Der p1&2. Group 2 allergen variants have different antibody binding. Body proteins only occasionally induce sensitisation although a higher prevalence of binding by atopic dermatitis patients provides a new avenue of research. A broad spectrum of IgE binding has been associated with diverse symptoms but not with the severity of asthma which is associated with low IgG antibody. Some allergens such as the group 14 large lipid binding proteins and the recently described proteins Der f 24-33, need further investigation but with the cognoscence that other denominated allergens have been found to be minor sensitisers by comparative quantitative analyses. Scabies is a confounder for diagnosis with extracts, inducing cross-reactive antibodies with Der p 4&20 as is seafood allergy with cross reactivity to Der p 10 a minor HDM allergen. The HDM genome sequence can now be used to verify allelic and paralogous variations.
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18
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Bublin M, Eiwegger T, Breiteneder H. Do lipids influence the allergic sensitization process? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:521-9. [PMID: 24880633 PMCID: PMC4151997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Allergic sensitization is a multifactorial process that is not only influenced by the allergen and its biological function per se but also by other small molecular compounds, such as lipids, that are directly bound as ligands by the allergen or are present in the allergen source. Several members of major allergen families bind lipid ligands through hydrophobic cavities or electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions. These allergens include certain seed storage proteins, Bet v 1–like and nonspecific lipid transfer proteins from pollens and fruits, certain inhalant allergens from house dust mites and cockroaches, and lipocalins. Lipids from the pollen coat and furry animals and the so-called pollen-associated lipid mediators are codelivered with the allergens and can modulate the immune responses of predisposed subjects by interacting with the innate immune system and invariant natural killer T cells. In addition, lipids originating from bacterial members of the pollen microbiome contribute to the outcome of the sensitization process. Dietary lipids act as adjuvants and might skew the immune response toward a TH2-dominated phenotype. In addition, the association with lipids protects food allergens from gastrointestinal degradation and facilitates their uptake by intestinal cells. These findings will have a major influence on how allergic sensitization will be viewed and studied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Abstract
As investigations into the innate immune responses that lead to allergic sensitization become better defined, there is a need to determine how allergens could interact with pattern recognition receptors that bind non-proteinaceous moieties. Many important allergens are not covalently bound to lipid or carbohydrate, but have structures belonging to lipid, glycan and glycolipid-binding families. These include ML-domain proteins, lipopolysaccharide-binding/cell permeability-increasing proteins, von Ebner gland lipocalins, salivary lipocalins/major urinary proteins, plant pathogenesis-related proteins PR-5 and -10, uteroglobins, non-specific lipid transfer proteins, large lipid transfer proteins and proteins with chitin and other carbohydrate-binding modules. The binding expected is overviewed with regard to importance of the allergens and their ability to elicit responses proposed from experimental models. The evidence compiled showing that allergens from the same source sensitize for different types of adaptive immune responses supports the concept that individual allergens within these sources have their own distinctive interactions with innate immunity.
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20
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Dall'antonia F, Pavkov-Keller T, Zangger K, Keller W. Structure of allergens and structure based epitope predictions. Methods 2014; 66:3-21. [PMID: 23891546 PMCID: PMC3969231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure determination of major allergens is a prerequisite for analyzing surface exposed areas of the allergen and for mapping conformational epitopes. These may be determined by experimental methods including crystallographic and NMR-based approaches or predicted by computational methods. In this review we summarize the existing structural information on allergens and their classification in protein fold families. The currently available allergen-antibody complexes are described and the experimentally obtained epitopes compared. Furthermore we discuss established methods for linear and conformational epitope mapping, putting special emphasis on a recently developed approach, which uses the structural similarity of proteins in combination with the experimental cross-reactivity data for epitope prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'antonia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- ACIB (Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria.
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21
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Tai HY, Zhou JK, Chou H, Tam MF, Chen YS, Sheu SY, Shen HD. Epitope mapping and in silico characterization of interactions between Der p 7 allergen and MoAb WH9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71269. [PMID: 23940735 PMCID: PMC3734125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Der p 7 is an important house dust mite allergen. However, antigenic determinants of Der p 7 are largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of Der p 7 and determine the structural basis of interactions between Der p 7 and WH9, an IgE-binding inhibition mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb). IgE and WH9-reactive determinant(s) was identified by immunoblot using allergen mutants. A 3-D binary complex structure of Der p 7 and WH9 was simulated with homology modeling and docking methods. Our results obtained showed that among the five Der p 7 mutants (S156A, I157A, L158A, D159A, P160A), serum no. 1045 with IgE-binding against Der p 7 exhibited a reduced IgE immunoblot reactivity against Der p 7 L158A and D159A mutants. WH9 showed reduced immunoblot reactivity against S156A, L158A, D159A and P160A and the observation was confirmed by immunoblot inhibition. The WH9-binding determinant on Der p 7 containing S156, L158, D159 and P160 assumes a loop-like structure. The structural model of the Der p 7-WH9 complex suggests residues S156, I157, L158, D159 and P160 of Der p 7 contribute to WH9 binding via potential hydrogen bonds, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In conclusion, MoAb WH9 interacts with critical residues L158 and D159 of Der p 7 and inhibits IgE-binding to Der p 7. Results obtained advance our understanding on molecular and structural bases of the antigenicity of Der p 7, its interactions with MoAb WH9 and facilitate the design of safer immunotherapy of human atopic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Tai
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Kai Zhou
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong Chou
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming F. Tam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yu-Sen Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheh-Yi Sheu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Horng-Der Shen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Innate immune responses in house dust mite allergy. ISRN ALLERGY 2013; 2013:735031. [PMID: 23724247 PMCID: PMC3658386 DOI: 10.1155/2013/735031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensitizations to house dust mites (HDM) trigger strong exacerbated allergen-induced inflammation of the skin and airways mucosa from atopic subjects resulting in atopic dermatitis as well as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Initially, the Th2-biased HDM allergic response was considered to be mediated only by allergen B- and T-cell epitopes to promote allergen-specific IgE production as well as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 to recruit inflammatory cells. But this general molecular model of HDM allergenicity must be revisited as a growing literature suggests that stimulations of innate immune activation pathways by HDM allergens offer new answers to the following question: what makes an HDM allergen an allergen? Indeed, HDM is a carrier not only for allergenic proteins but also microbial adjuvant compounds, both of which are able to stimulate innate signaling pathways leading to allergy. This paper will describe the multiple ways used by HDM allergens together with microbial compounds to control the initiation of the allergic response through engagement of innate immunity.
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