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Luna-Bulbarela A, Romero-Gutiérrez MT, Tinoco-Valencia R, Ortiz E, Martínez-Romero ME, Galindo E, Serrano-Carreón L. Response of Bacillus velezensis 83 to interaction with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides resembles a Greek phalanx-style formation: A stress resistant phenotype with antibiosis capacity. Microbiol Res 2024; 280:127592. [PMID: 38199003 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, such as Bacillus spp., establish beneficial associations with plants and may inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. However, these bacteria are subject to multiple biotic stimuli from their competitors, causing stress and modifying their development. This work is a study of an in vitro interaction between two model microorganisms of socioeconomic relevance, using population dynamics and transcriptomic approaches. Co-cultures of Bacillus velezensis 83 with the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 09 were performed to evaluate the metabolic response of the bacteria under conditions of non-nutritional limitation. The bacterial response was associated with the induction of a stress-resistant phenotype, characterized by a lower specific growth rate, but with antimicrobial production capacity. About 12% of co-cultured B. velezensis 83 coding sequences were differentially expressed, including the up-regulation of the general stress response (sigB regulon), and the down-regulation of alternative carbon sources catabolism (glucose preference). Defense strategies in B. velezensis are a determining factor in order to preserve the long-term viability of its population. Mostly, the presence of the fungus does not affect the expression of antibiosis genes, except for those corresponding to surfactin/bacillomycin D production. Indeed, the up-regulation of antibiosis genes expression is associated with bacterial growth, regardless of the presence of the fungus. This behavior in B. velezensis 83 resembles the strategy used by the classical Greek phalanx formation: by sacrificing growth rate and metabolic versatility, resources can be redistributed to defense (stress resistant phenotype) while maintaining the attack (antibiosis capacity). The presented results are the first characterization of the molecular phenotype at the transcriptome level of a biological control agent under biotic stress caused by a phytopathogen without nutrient limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Luna-Bulbarela
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, CP 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Agro&Biotecnia S. de R.L. de C.V., Limones 8, Amate Redondo, 62334 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Romero-Gutiérrez
- Technological Innovation Department, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, 45641 Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, Mexico; Translational Bioengineering Department, Exact Sciences and Engineering University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Raunel Tinoco-Valencia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, CP 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, CP 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, CP 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Galindo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, CP 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Agro&Biotecnia S. de R.L. de C.V., Limones 8, Amate Redondo, 62334 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Serrano-Carreón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, CP 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Agro&Biotecnia S. de R.L. de C.V., Limones 8, Amate Redondo, 62334 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Mao W, Cooke R, Silimperi D, Urli Hodges E, Ortiz E, Udayakumar K. Scaling malaria interventions: bottlenecks to malaria elimination. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e013378. [PMID: 37949501 PMCID: PMC10649629 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The slow progress in malaria control efforts and increasing challenges have prompted a need to accelerate the research and development (R&D), launch and scaling of effective interventions for malaria elimination. This research, including desk research and key informant interviews, identified the following challenges along the end-to-end scale-up pathway of malaria interventions. Underinvestment in malaria R&D persists, and developers from low-resource settings are not commonly included in the R&D process. Unpredictable or unclear regulatory and policy pathways have been a hurdle. The private sector has not been fully engaged, which results in a less competitive market with few manufacturers, and consequently, a low supply of products. Persistent challenges also exist in the scaling of malaria interventions, such as the fragmentation of malaria programmes. Further efforts are needed to: (1) Strengthen coordination among stakeholders and especially the private sector to inform decisions and mobilise resources. (2) Increase engagement of national stakeholders, particularly those in low-income and middle-income countries, in planning for and implementing R&D, launching and scaling proven malaria interventions. (3) Use financial incentives and other market-shaping strategies to encourage R&D for innovative malaria products and improve existing interventions. (4) Streamline and improve transparency of WHO's prequalification and guidelines processes to provide timely technical advice and strategies for different settings. (5) Increase effort to integrate malaria services into the broader primary healthcare system. (6) Generate evidence to inform policies on improving access to malaria interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Mao
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rianna Cooke
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Diana Silimperi
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elina Urli Hodges
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Krishna Udayakumar
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Mao W, Zimmerman A, Urli Hodges E, Ortiz E, Dods G, Taylor A, Udayakumar K. Comparing research and development, launch, and scale up timelines of 18 vaccines: lessons learnt from COVID-19 and implications for other infectious diseases. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012855. [PMID: 37696544 PMCID: PMC10496705 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the next decade, millions of deaths could be prevented by increasing access to vaccines in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the research and development (R&D), launch and scale up timelines of vaccines can be drastically shortened. This study compares such timelines for eighteen vaccines and identifies lessons and implications for accelerating the R&D, launch and scale up process for other vaccine candidates. To replicate the rapid R&D process of the COVID-19 vaccines, future vaccine R&D should capitalise on public-private knowledge sharing partnerships to promote technology innovation, establish regional clinical trial centres and data sharing networks to optimise clinical trial efficiency, and create a funding mechanism to support research into novel vaccine platforms that may prove valuable to quickly developing vaccine candidates in future global health emergencies. To accelerate the launch timeline, future efforts to bring safe and efficacious vaccines to market should include LMICs in the decision-making processes of global procurement and delivery alliances to optimise launch in these countries, strengthen the WHO prequalification and Emergency Use Listing programs to ensure LMICs have a robust and transparent regulatory system to rely on, and invest in LMIC regulatory and manufacturing capacity to ensure these countries are vaccine self-sufficient. Lastly, efforts to accelerate scale up of vaccines should include the creation of regional pooled procurement mechanisms between LMICs to increase purchasing power among these countries and an open line of clear communication with the public regarding pertinent vaccine information to combat misinformation and vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Mao
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Armand Zimmerman
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Policy Impact in Global Health, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elina Urli Hodges
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Galen Dods
- Science and Society, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Taylor
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Krishna Udayakumar
- Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Innovations in Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Madden ME, Suminaite D, Ortiz E, Early JJ, Koudelka S, Livesey MR, Bianco IH, Granato M, Lyons DA. CNS Hypomyelination Disrupts Axonal Conduction and Behavior in Larval Zebrafish. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9099-9111. [PMID: 34544838 PMCID: PMC8570833 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0842-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is essential for central nervous system (CNS) formation, health and function. As a model organism, larval zebrafish have been extensively employed to investigate the molecular and cellular basis of CNS myelination, because of their genetic tractability and suitability for non-invasive live cell imaging. However, it has not been assessed to what extent CNS myelination affects neural circuit function in zebrafish larvae, prohibiting the integration of molecular and cellular analyses of myelination with concomitant network maturation. To test whether larval zebrafish might serve as a suitable platform with which to study the effects of CNS myelination and its dysregulation on circuit function, we generated zebrafish myelin regulatory factor (myrf) mutants with CNS-specific hypomyelination and investigated how this affected their axonal conduction properties and behavior. We found that myrf mutant larvae exhibited increased latency to perform startle responses following defined acoustic stimuli. Furthermore, we found that hypomyelinated animals often selected an impaired response to acoustic stimuli, exhibiting a bias toward reorientation behavior instead of the stimulus-appropriate startle response. To begin to study how myelination affected the underlying circuitry, we established electrophysiological protocols to assess various conduction properties along single axons. We found that the hypomyelinated myrf mutants exhibited reduced action potential conduction velocity and an impaired ability to sustain high-frequency action potential firing. This study indicates that larval zebrafish can be used to bridge molecular and cellular investigation of CNS myelination with multiscale assessment of neural circuit function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelination of CNS axons is essential for their health and function, and it is now clear that myelination is a dynamic life-long process subject to modulation by neuronal activity. However, it remains unclear precisely how changes to myelination affects animal behavior and underlying action potential conduction along axons in intact neural circuits. In recent years, zebrafish have been employed to study cellular and molecular mechanisms of myelination, because of their relatively simple, optically transparent, experimentally tractable vertebrate nervous system. Here we find that changes to myelination alter the behavior of young zebrafish and action potential conduction along individual axons, providing a platform to integrate molecular, cellular, and circuit level analyses of myelination using this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Madden
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - D Suminaite
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - E Ortiz
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - J J Early
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - S Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - M R Livesey
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - I H Bianco
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M Granato
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - D A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
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Chen-Zhao X, Montero Á, de las Heras J, Álvarez B, Barrientos I, Prado A, Ciérvide R, López M, García-Aranda M, Ortiz E, Gutiérrez M, Sánchez E, Hernando O, De la Casa M, Valero J, Alonso R, Fernández-Letón P, Rubio C. PO-1422 Perioperative HDR brachytherapy and EBRT: a winning combo for soft tissue sarcomas. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Jiménez-Vargas JM, Ramírez-Carreto S, Corzo G, Possani LD, Becerril B, Ortiz E. Structural and functional characterization of NDBP-4 family antimicrobial peptides from the scorpion Mesomexovis variegatus. Peptides 2021; 141:170553. [PMID: 33862164 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Six peptides, belonging to the NDBP-4 family of scorpion antimicrobial peptides were structurally and functionally characterized. The sequence of the mature peptides VpCT1, VpCT2, VpCT3 and VpCT4 was inferred by transcriptomic analysis of the venom gland of the scorpion Mesomexovis variegatus. Analysis of their amino acid sequences revealed patterns that are also present in previously reported peptides that show differences in their hemolytic and antimicrobial activities in vitro. Two other variants, VpCT3W and VpCTConsensus were designed to evaluate the effect of sequence changes of interest on their structure and activity. The synthesized peptides were evaluated by circular dichroism to confirm their α-helical conformation in a folding promoting medium. The peptides were assayed on two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacterial strains, and on two yeast strains. They preferentially inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, were mostly ineffective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and moderately inhibited the growth of Candida yeasts. All six peptides exhibited hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes in the range of 4.8-83.7 μM. VpCT3W displayed increased hemolytic and anti-yeast activities, but showed no change in antibacterial activity, relative to its parental peptide, suggesting that Trp6 may potentiate the interaction of VpCT3 with eukaryotic cell membranes. VpCTConsensus showed broader and enhanced antimicrobial activity relative to several of the natural peptides. The results presented here contribute new information on the structure and function of NDBP-4 antimicrobial peptides and provides clues for the design of less hemolytic and more effective antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana María Jiménez-Vargas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), CDMX, Mexico
| | - Santos Ramírez-Carreto
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Baltazar Becerril
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico.
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Santana FL, Estrada K, Ortiz E, Corzo G. Reptilian β-defensins: Expanding the repertoire of known crocodylian peptides. Peptides 2021; 136:170473. [PMID: 33309943 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the major families of host defense peptides (HDPs) in vertebrates are β-defensins. They constitute important components of innate immunity and have remained an interesting topic of research for more than two decades. While many β-defensin sequences in mammals and birds have been identified and their properties and functions characterized, β-defensin peptides from other groups of vertebrates, particularly reptiles, are still largely unexplored. In this review, we focus on reptilian β-defensins and summarize different aspects of their biology, such as their genomic organization, evolution, structure, and biological activities. Reptilian β-defensin genes exhibit similar genomic organization to birds and their number and gene structure are variable among different species. During the evolution of reptiles, several gene duplication and deletion events have occurred and the functional diversification of β-defensins has been mainly driven by positive selection. These peptides display broad antimicrobial activity in vitro, but a deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action in vivo, including their role as immunomodulators, is still lacking. Reptilian β-defensins constitute unique polypeptide sequences to expand our current understanding of innate immunity in these animals and elucidate core biological functions of this family of HDPs across amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix L Santana
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca Mor., 62250, Mexico.
| | - Karel Estrada
- Unidad de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca Mor., 62250, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca Mor., 62250, Mexico.
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Weinhouse C, Gallis JA, Ortiz E, Berky AJ, Morales AM, Diringer SE, Harrington J, Bullins P, Rogers L, Hare-Grogg J, Hsu-Kim H, Pan WK. A population-based mercury exposure assessment near an artisanal and small-scale gold mining site in the Peruvian Amazon. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2021; 31:126-136. [PMID: 32467625 PMCID: PMC8281380 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to mercury is a leading public health problem. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a major source of global mercury emissions. Although occupational mercury exposure to miners (via mercury vapor inhalation) is known, chronic mercury exposure to nearby residents that are not miners (via mercury-contaminated fish consumption) is poorly characterized. We conducted a population-based mercury exposure assessment in 23 communities (19 rural, 4 urban) around the Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, which is bordered on the east by heavy ASGM activity. We measured total mercury in hair (N = 2083) and blood (N = 476) from March-June 2015 and performed follow-up measurements (N = 723 hair and N = 290 blood) from February-April 2016. Mercury exposure risk was highest in communities classified as indigenous, or native, regardless of proximity to mining activity. Residence in a native community (vs. non-native) was associated with mercury levels 1.9 times higher in hair (median native 3.5 ppm vs. median non-native 1.4 ppm total mercury) and 1.6 times higher in blood (median native 7.4 ng/mL vs median non-native 3.2 ng/mL total mercury). Unexpectedly, proximity to mining was not associated with exposure risk. These findings challenge common assumptions about mercury exposure patterns and emphasize the importance of population-representative studies to identify high risk sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Weinhouse
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - John A. Gallis
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, 2424 Erwin Road, Suite 1102 Hock Plaza, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Axel J. Berky
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | | | - Sarah E. Diringer
- Pacific Institute, 654 13 Street, Preservation Park, Oakland, California 94612
| | - James Harrington
- Research Triangle Institute, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Paige Bullins
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Laura Rogers
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - John Hare-Grogg
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Heileen Hsu-Kim
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - William K. Pan
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Macia M, Pulido-Duque JM, Hortal L, Vega N, Garcia-Medinal J, Ortiz E, Maynar M, Palop L. Percutaneous Embolization of Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm as a Treatment of Hemoperitoneum in a Capd Patient. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089301300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. M. Pulido-Duque
- Nephrology, Vascular Radiology Departments Hospital Ntra. Sra. del Pino Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | | | - E. Ortiz
- Gastroenterology Departments Hospital Ntra. Sra. del Pino Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M. Maynar
- Nephrology, Vascular Radiology Departments Hospital Ntra. Sra. del Pino Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena I. Cid-Uribe
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - José Ignacio Veytia-Bucheli
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Teresa Romero-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lourival D. Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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11
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Delgado-Prudencio G, Possani LD, Becerril B, Ortiz E. The Dual α-Amidation System in Scorpion Venom Glands. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070425. [PMID: 31330798 PMCID: PMC6669573 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many peptides in scorpion venoms are amidated at their C-termini. This post-translational modification is paramount for the correct biological function of ion channel toxins and antimicrobial peptides, among others. The discovery of canonical amidation sequences in transcriptome-derived scorpion proproteins suggests that a conserved enzymatic α-amidation system must be responsible for this modification of scorpion peptides. A transcriptomic approach was employed to identify sequences putatively encoding enzymes of the α-amidation pathway. A dual enzymatic α-amidation system was found, consisting of the membrane-anchored, bifunctional, peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) and its paralogs, soluble monofunctional peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHMm) and peptidyl-α-hydroxyglycine α-amidating lyase (PALm). Independent genes encode these three enzymes. Amino acid residues responsible for ion coordination and enzymatic activity are conserved in these sequences, suggesting that the enzymes are functional. Potential endoproteolytic recognition sites for proprotein convertases in the PAM sequence indicate that PAM-derived soluble isoforms may also be expressed. Sequences potentially encoding proprotein convertases (PC1 and PC2), carboxypeptidase E (CPE), and other enzymes of the α-amidation pathway, were also found, confirming the presence of this pathway in scorpions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Delgado-Prudencio
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Baltazar Becerril
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
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12
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Wyatt L, Permar SR, Ortiz E, Berky A, Woods CW, Amouou GF, Itell H, Hsu-Kim H, Pan W. Mercury Exposure and Poor Nutritional Status Reduce Response to Six Expanded Program on Immunization Vaccines in Children: An Observational Cohort Study of Communities Affected by Gold Mining in the Peruvian Amazon. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16040638. [PMID: 30795575 PMCID: PMC6406457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Poor nutritional status combined with mercury exposure can generate adverse child health outcomes. Diet is a mediator of mercury exposure and evidence suggests that nutritional status modifies aspects of mercury toxicity. However, health impacts beyond the nervous system are poorly understood. This study evaluates antibody responses to six vaccines from the expanded program on immunization (EPI), including hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type B, measles, pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria in children with variable hair mercury and malnutrition indicators. Methods: An observational cohort study (n = 98) was conducted in native and non-native communities in Madre de Dios, Peru, a region with elevated mercury exposure from artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Adaptive immune responses in young (3–48 months) and older children (4–8 year olds) were evaluated by vaccine type (live attenuated, protein subunits, toxoids) to account for differences in response by antigen, and measured by total IgG concentration and antibody (IgG) concentrations of each EPI vaccine. Mercury was measured from hair samples and malnutrition determined using anthropometry and hemoglobin levels in blood. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations with each antibody type. Results: Changes in child antibodies and protection levels were associated with malnutrition indicators, mercury exposure, and their interaction. Malnutrition was associated with decreased measles and diphtheria-specific IgG. A one-unit decrease in hemoglobin was associated with a 0.17 IU/mL (95% CI: 0.04–0.30) decline in measles-specific IgG in younger children and 2.56 (95% CI: 1.01–6.25) higher odds of being unprotected against diphtheria in older children. Associations between mercury exposure and immune responses were also dependent on child age. In younger children, one-unit increase in log10 child hair mercury content was associated with 0.68 IU/mL (95% CI: 0.18–1.17) higher pertussis and 0.79 IU/mL (95% CI: 0.18–1.70) higher diphtheria-specific IgG levels. In older children, child hair mercury content exceeding 1.2 µg/g was associated with 73.7 higher odds (95% CI: 2.7–1984.3) of being a non-responder against measles and hair mercury content exceeding 2.0 µg/g with 0.32 IU/mL (95% CI: 0.10–0.69) lower measles-specific antibodies. Log10 hair mercury significantly interacted with weight-for-height z-score, indicating a multiplicative effect of higher mercury and lower nutrition on measles response. Specifically, among older children with poor nutrition (WHZ = −1), log10 measles antibody is reduced from 1.40 to 0.43 for low (<1.2 µg/g) vs. high mercury exposure, whereas for children with good nutritional status (WHZ = 1), log10 measles antibody is minimally changed for low vs. high mercury exposure (0.72 vs. 0.81, respectively). Conclusions: Child immune response to EPI vaccines may be attenuated in regions with elevated mercury exposure risk and exacerbated by concurrent malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wyatt
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Sallie Robey Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Axel Berky
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | - Hannah Itell
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Heileen Hsu-Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - William Pan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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13
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Bernáldez-Sarabia J, Figueroa-Montiel A, Dueñas S, Cervantes-Luévano K, Beltrán JA, Ortiz E, Jiménez S, Possani LD, Paniagua-Solís JF, Gonzalez-Canudas J, Licea-Navarro A. The Diversified O-Superfamily in Californiconus californicus Presents a Conotoxin with Antimycobacterial Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020128. [PMID: 30791616 PMCID: PMC6410186 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Californiconus californicus, previously named Conus californicus, has always been considered a unique species within cone snails, because of its molecular, toxicological and morphological singularities; including the wide range of its diet, since it is capable of preying indifferently on fish, snails, octopus, shrimps, and worms. We report here a new cysteine pattern conotoxin assigned to the O1-superfamily capable of inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The conotoxin was tested on a pathogen reference strain (H37Rv) and multidrug-resistant strains, having an inhibition effect on growth with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 3.52–0.22 μM, similar concentrations to drugs used in clinics. The peptide was purified from the venom using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), a partial sequence was constructed by Edman degradation, completed by RACE and confirmed with venom gland transcriptome. The 32-mer peptide containing eight cysteine residues was named O1_cal29b, according to the current nomenclature for this type of molecule. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis of O-superfamily toxins present in the venom gland of the snail allowed us to assign several signal peptides to O2 and O3 superfamilies not described before in C. californicus, with new conotoxins frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bernáldez-Sarabia
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, BC C.P. 22860, Mexico.
| | - Andrea Figueroa-Montiel
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, BC C.P. 22860, Mexico.
| | - Salvador Dueñas
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, BC C.P. 22860, Mexico.
| | - Karla Cervantes-Luévano
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, BC C.P. 22860, Mexico.
| | - Jesús A Beltrán
- Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, BC C.P. 22860, Mexico.
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, IBT, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, Mexico.
| | - Samanta Jiménez
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, BC C.P. 22860, Mexico.
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, IBT, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, Mexico.
| | - Jorge F Paniagua-Solís
- Teraclon IDF, S.L., Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, Tres Cantos, Madrid, C.P. 28760, Espana.
| | | | - Alexei Licea-Navarro
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, BC C.P. 22860, Mexico.
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14
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Carcamo-Noriega EN, Possani LD, Ortiz E. Venom content and toxicity regeneration after venom gland depletion by electrostimulation in the scorpion Centruroides limpidus. Toxicon 2018; 157:87-92. [PMID: 30468759 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The scorpion venom is a cocktail of many components. Its composition can exhibit a level of plasticity in response to different behavioral and environmental factors, leading to intraspecific variation. The toxicity and specificity of scorpion venoms appear to be taxon-dependent, due to a co-evolutionary interaction with prey and predators, which shaped the composition at the molecular level. The venom regeneration by the venom glands is an asynchronous process, in which particular components are expressed at different stages and at different rates. According to this, it can be reasonably assumed that the regeneration of toxicity in the venom is also asynchronous. In this work, we studied the toxicity regeneration dynamics by the scorpion Centruroides limpidus after full venom depletion by electrical stimulation. For this, we evaluated the toxicity of venom samples extracted at different days post depletion, against insects (crickets) and mammals (humans, by assessing the venom activity on the human voltage-dependent Na+ channel Nav1.6). The regeneration of toxicity against humans lagged behind that against crickets (13 vs 10 days, respectively). Thirteen days after depletion the venom seems to be replenished. Our results show asynchrony in the regeneration of species-specific toxic activity in the venom of Centruroides limpidus. The understanding of the venom regeneration kinetics for the different scorpion species will help to design venom extraction protocols that could maximize the yield and quality of the collected venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Norberto Carcamo-Noriega
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico.
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico.
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15
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Diaz-Jimenez M, Dorado J, Pereira B, Ortiz I, Consuegra C, Bottrel M, Ortiz E, Hidalgo M. Vitrification in straws conserves motility features better than spheres in donkey sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53 Suppl 2:56-58. [PMID: 30238658 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sperm vitrification as alternative to conventional freezing is increasing in popularity in many species. It has been achieved by direct exposure of diluted semen to liquid nitrogen in spheres or straws. Both techniques have been successfully developed, but they had not been compared yet in donkeys. The aim of this study was to compare these two methods of vitrification for donkey semen. Ejaculates from six Andalusian donkeys were collected and extended in Gent without glycerol supplemented with sucrose 0.1 M (Molar). Samples were slowly cooled at 5°C. For vitrification, 30 μl suspensions (spheres) were dropped directly into liquid nitrogen (LN2 ) or filled in covered 0.25 ml straws and then plunged into the LN2 (straws). For warming, straws and spheres were directly immersed in 3 ml of INRA-96 at 43°C. Total (TM, %) and progressive motility (PM, %) were objectively evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis and plasma membrane integrity (PMI, %) by epifluorescence microscopy. Results showed the straw method resulted in significantly higher values than spheres for: TM (54.7% ± 10.1 vs. 28.6% ± 6.5) and PM (44.2% ± 9.4 vs. 17.7% ± 6.4), but no significant differences were found between straws or spheres for PMI (31.5 ± 10.7 vs. 41.6 ± 14.3) respectively. In conclusion, donkey sperm could be vitrified in straws obtaining better sperm motility parameters after warming in comparison to the sphere method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diaz-Jimenez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Reproduction Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - J Dorado
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Reproduction Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - B Pereira
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Reproduction Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - I Ortiz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Reproduction Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - C Consuegra
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Reproduction Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Bottrel
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Reproduction Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - E Ortiz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Reproduction Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Hidalgo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Reproduction Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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16
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Romero-Gutiérrez MT, Santibáñez-López CE, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Batista CVF, Ortiz E, Possani LD. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Diversity of Venom Components from the Vaejovid Scorpion Serradigitus gertschi. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E359. [PMID: 30189638 PMCID: PMC6162517 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the diversity of scorpion venom, RNA from venomous glands from a sawfinger scorpion, Serradigitus gertschi, of the family Vaejovidae, was extracted and used for transcriptomic analysis. A total of 84,835 transcripts were assembled after Illumina sequencing. From those, 119 transcripts were annotated and found to putatively code for peptides or proteins that share sequence similarities with the previously reported venom components of other species. In accordance with sequence similarity, the transcripts were classified as potentially coding for 37 ion channel toxins; 17 host defense peptides; 28 enzymes, including phospholipases, hyaluronidases, metalloproteases, and serine proteases; nine protease inhibitor-like peptides; 10 peptides of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 protein superfamily; seven La1-like peptides; and 11 sequences classified as "other venom components". A mass fingerprint performed by mass spectrometry identified 204 components with molecular masses varying from 444.26 Da to 12,432.80 Da, plus several higher molecular weight proteins whose precise masses were not determined. The LC-MS/MS analysis of a tryptic digestion of the soluble venom resulted in the de novo determination of 16,840 peptide sequences, 24 of which matched sequences predicted from the translated transcriptome. The database presented here increases our general knowledge of the biodiversity of venom components from neglected non-buthid scorpions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Romero-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Santibáñez-López
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin⁻Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Juana María Jiménez-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| | - Cesar Vicente Ferreira Batista
- Laboratorio Universitario de Proteómica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
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17
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Ortiz E, Possani LD. Scorpion toxins to unravel the conundrum of ion channel structure and functioning. Toxicon 2018; 150:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Romero-Gutierrez T, Peguero-Sanchez E, Cevallos MA, Batista CVF, Ortiz E, Possani LD. A Deeper Examination of Thorellius atrox Scorpion Venom Components with Omic Techonologies. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E399. [PMID: 29231872 PMCID: PMC5744119 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This communication reports a further examination of venom gland transcripts and venom composition of the Mexican scorpion Thorellius atrox using RNA-seq and tandem mass spectrometry. The RNA-seq, which was performed with the Illumina protocol, yielded more than 20,000 assembled transcripts. Following a database search and annotation strategy, 160 transcripts were identified, potentially coding for venom components. A novel sequence was identified that potentially codes for a peptide with similarity to spider ω-agatoxins, which act on voltage-gated calcium channels, not known before to exist in scorpion venoms. Analogous transcripts were found in other scorpion species. They could represent members of a new scorpion toxin family, here named omegascorpins. The mass fingerprint by LC-MS identified 135 individual venom components, five of which matched with the theoretical masses of putative peptides translated from the transcriptome. The LC-MS/MS de novo sequencing allowed to reconstruct and identify 42 proteins encoded by assembled transcripts, thus validating the transcriptome analysis. Earlier studies conducted with this scorpion venom permitted the identification of only twenty putative venom components. The present work performed with more powerful and modern omic technologies demonstrates the capacity of accomplishing a deeper characterization of scorpion venom components and the identification of novel molecules with potential applications in biomedicine and the study of ion channel physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Romero-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca CP: 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Esteban Peguero-Sanchez
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca CP: 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Miguel A Cevallos
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca CP: 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Cesar V F Batista
- Laboratorio Universitario de Proteómica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca CP: 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca CP: 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca CP: 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
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Silva-Feistner M, Ortiz E, Alvarez-Véliz S, Wortsman X. Amelanotic Subungual Melanoma Mimicking Telangiectatic Granuloma: Clinical, Histologic, and Radiologic Correlations. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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20
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Silva-Feistner M, Ortiz E, Alvarez-Véliz S, Wortsman X. Melanoma amelanótico subungueal simulando granuloma telangiectásico. Correlación clínica, histológico y radiológica. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 2017; 108:785-787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Heredia V, Mendiola M, Ortiz E, Bernabéu D, Pozo-Kreilinger J, Miguel M, Crespo R, Berjón A, Martínez-Marín V, Redondo A. AG-120, a novel IDH1 targeted molecule, inhibits invasion and migration of chondrosarcoma cells in vitro. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx387.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jiménez-Vargas J, Quintero-Hernández V, Gonzalez-Morales L, Ortiz E, Possani L. Corrigendum to “Design and expression of recombinant toxins from Mexican scorpions of the genus Centruroides for production of antivenoms” [Toxicon 128 (2017) 5–14]. Toxicon 2017; 130:126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hernández-Vargas MJ, Gil J, Lozano L, Pedraza-Escalona M, Ortiz E, Encarnación-Guevara S, Alagón A, Corzo G. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of saliva components from the hematophagous reduviid Triatoma pallidipennis. J Proteomics 2017; 162:30-39. [PMID: 28442446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Species belonging to the Triatominae subfamily are commonly associated with Chagas disease, as they are potential vectors of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. However, their saliva contains a cocktail of diverse anti-hemostatic proteins that prevent blood coagulation, vasodilation and platelet aggregation of blood; components with indisputable therapeutic potential. We performed a transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of salivary glands and protein spots from 2DE gels of milked saliva, respectively, from the Mexican Triatoma pallidipennis. Massive sequencing techniques were used to reveal this protein diversity. A total of 78 out of 233 transcripts were identified as proteins in the saliva, divided among 43 of 55 spots from 2DE gels of saliva, identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Some of the annotated transcripts putatively code for anti-hemostatic proteins, which share sequence similarities with proteins previously described for South American triatomines. The most abundant as well as diverse transcripts and proteins in the saliva were the anti-hemostatic triabins. For the first time, a transcriptomic analysis uncovered other unrelated but relevant components in triatomines, including antimicrobial and thrombolytic polypeptides. Likewise, unique proteins such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme were identified not just in the salivary gland transcriptome but also at saliva proteome of this North American bloodsucking insect. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript is the first report of the correlation between proteome and transcriptome of Triatoma pallidipennis, which shows for the first time the presence of proteins in this insect that have not been characterized in other species of this family. This information contributes to a better understanding of the multiple host defense mechanisms that are being affected at the moment of blood ingestion by the insect. Furthermore, this report gives a repertoire of possible therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Hernández-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas - UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Lozano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas - UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Alagón
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico.
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Sánchez-Reyez A, Batista-García RA, Valdés-García G, Ortiz E, Perezgasga L, Zárate-Romero A, Pastor N, Folch-Mallol JL. A family 13 thioesterase isolated from an activated sludge metagenome: Insights into aromatic compounds metabolism. Proteins 2017; 85:1222-1237. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayixon Sánchez-Reyez
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Colonia Chamilpa; CP 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología UAEM; CP 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Colonia Chamilpa; CP 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Gilberto Valdés-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Colonia Chamilpa; CP 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; CP 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - Lucía Perezgasga
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; CP 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - Andrés Zárate-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología UAEM; CP 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Colonia Chamilpa; CP 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
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Jiménez-Vargas JM, Quintero-Hernández V, González-Morales L, Ortiz E, Possani LD. Design and expression of recombinant toxins from Mexican scorpions of the genus Centruroides for production of antivenoms. Toxicon 2017; 128:5-14. [PMID: 28126552 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the design of plasmids containing the genes coding for four main mammalian toxins of scorpions from the genus Centruroides (C.) of Mexico. The genes that code for toxin 2 of C. noxius (Cn2), toxin 2 from C. suffusus (Css2) and toxins 1 and 2 from C. limpidus (Cll1 and Cll2) were included into individual plasmids carrying the genetic construction for expression of fusion proteins containing a leader peptide (pelB) that directs the expressed protein to the bacterial periplasm, a carrier protein (thioredoxin), the cleavage site for enterokinase, the chosen toxin and a poly-histidine tag (6xHis-tag) for purification of the hybrid protein by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography after expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). The purified hybrid proteins containing the recombinant toxins (abbreviated Thio-EK-Toxin) were used for immunization of three independent groups of ten mice and four rabbits. Challenging the first group of mice, immunized with recombinant Thio-EK-Css2, with three median lethal doses (LD50) of C. suffusus soluble venom resulted in the survival of all the test animals without showing intoxication symptoms. All control mice (none immunized) died. Similar results were obtained with mice previously immunized with Thio-EK-Cn2 and challenged with C. noxius venom. The third group of mice immunized with both Thio-EK-Cll1 and Thio-EK-Cll2 showed an 80% survival ratio when challenged with only one LD50 of C. limpidus venom, all showing symptoms of intoxication. The sera from rabbits immunized with a combination of the four recombinant toxins were collected separately and used to assess their neutralization capacity in vitro (pre-incubating the serum with the respective scorpion venom and injecting the mixture into mice), using six mice for each serum/venom combination tested. The venoms from the six most dangerous scorpion species of Mexico were assayed: C. noxius, C. suffusus, C. limpidus, C. elegans, C. tecomanus and C. sculpturatus. Two hundred and 50 μL of serum from any of the immunized rabbits were enough to neutralize three LD50 of any of the tested venoms, with mice showing no symptoms of intoxication. These results confirm that the recombinant forms of the main toxins from the most dangerous scorpions of Mexico are excellent immunogens for the production of antivenoms to treat scorpion intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Jiménez-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - V Quintero-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - L González-Morales
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - E Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - L D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico.
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Loera-Serna S, Solis H, Ortiz E, Martínez-Hernandéz AL, Noreña L. Elimination of Methylene Blue and Reactive Black 5 from Aqueous Solution Using HKUST-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.4.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Estrada G, Silva AO, Villegas E, Ortiz E, Beirão PSL, Corzo G. Heterologous expression of five disulfide-bonded insecticidal spider peptides. Toxicon 2016; 119:152-8. [PMID: 27263806 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The genes of the five disulfide-bonded peptide toxins 1 and 2 (named Oxytoxins or Oxotoxins) from the spider Oxyopes lineatus were cloned into the expression vector pQE30 containing a 6His-tag and a Factor Xa proteolytic cleavage region. These two recombinant vectors were transfected into Escherichia coli BL21 cells and expressed under induction with isopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG). The product of each gene was named HisrOxyTx1 or HisrOxyTx2, and the protein expression was ca 14 and 6 mg/L of culture medium, respectively. Either recombinant toxin HisrOxyTx1 or HisrOxyTx2 were found exclusively in inclusion bodies, which were solubilized using a chaotropic agent, and then, purified using affinity chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). The HisrOxyTx1 and HisrOxyTx2 products, obtained from the affinity chromatographic step, showed several peptide fractions having the same molecular mass of 9913.1 and 8030.1 Da, respectively, indicating that both HisrOxyTx1 and HisrOxyTx2 were oxidized forming several distinct disulfide bridge arrangements. The isoforms of both HisrOxyTx1 and HisrOxyTx2 after DTT reduction eluted from the column as a single protein component of 9923 and 8040 Da, respectively. In vitro folding of either HisrOxyTx1 or HisrOxyTx2 yielded single oxidized components, which were cleaved independently by the proteolytic enzyme Factor Xa to give the recombinant peptides rOxyTx1 and rOxyTx2. The experimental molecular masses of rOxyTx1 and rOxyTx2 were 8059.0 and 6176.4 Da, respectively, which agree with their expected theoretical masses. The recombinant peptides rOxyTx1 and rOxyTx2 showed lower but comparable toxicity to the native toxins when injected into lepidopteran larvae; furthermore, rOxyTx1 was able to inhibit calcium ion currents on dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons from Periplaneta americana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Estrada
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No.130, Mérida, Yucatán, 97200, Mexico
| | - Anita O Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elba Villegas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología - UAEM, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 61500, Mexico
| | - Paulo S L Beirão
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 61500, Mexico.
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Figueroa-Montiel A, Ramos MA, Mares RE, Dueñas S, Pimienta G, Ortiz E, Possani LD, Licea-Navarro AF. In Silico Identification of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Gene Families in the De Novo Assembled Transcriptomes of Four Different Species of the Genus Conus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148390. [PMID: 26859138 PMCID: PMC4747531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small peptides isolated from the venom of the marine snails belonging to the genus Conus have been largely studied because of their therapeutic value. These peptides can be classified in two groups. The largest one is composed by peptides rich in disulfide bonds, and referred to as conotoxins. Despite the importance of conotoxins given their pharmacology value, little is known about the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) enzymes that are required to catalyze their correct folding. To discover the PDIs that may participate in the folding and structural maturation of conotoxins, the transcriptomes of the venom duct of four different species of Conus from the peninsula of Baja California (Mexico) were assembled. Complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were constructed for each species and sequenced using a Genome Analyzer Illumina platform. The raw RNA-seq data was converted into transcript sequences using Trinity, a de novo assembler that allows the grouping of reads into contigs without a reference genome. An N50 value of 605 was established as a reference for future assemblies of Conus transcriptomes using this software. Transdecoder was used to extract likely coding sequences from Trinity transcripts, and PDI-specific sequence motif "APWCGHCK" was used to capture potential PDIs. An in silico analysis was performed to characterize the group of PDI protein sequences encoded by the duct-transcriptome of each species. The computational approach entailed a structural homology characterization, based on the presence of functional Thioredoxin-like domains. Four different PDI families were characterized, which are constituted by a total of 41 different gene sequences. The sequences had an average of 65% identity with other PDIs. Using MODELLER 9.14, the homology-based three-dimensional structure prediction of a subset of the sequences reported, showed the expected thioredoxin fold which was confirmed by a "simulated annealing" method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Figueroa-Montiel
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Marco A. Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Rosa E. Mares
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Salvador Dueñas
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Genaro Pimienta
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Lourival D. Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alexei F. Licea-Navarro
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
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Tinoco YO, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Rázuri H, Kasper MR, Romero C, Ortiz E, Gomez J, Widdowson MA, Uyeki TM, Gilman RH, Bausch DG, Montgomery JM. A population-based estimate of the economic burden of influenza in Peru, 2009-2010. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 10:301-9. [PMID: 26547629 PMCID: PMC4910177 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza disease burden and economic impact data are needed to assess the potential value of interventions. Such information is limited from resource‐limited settings. We therefore studied the cost of influenza in Peru. Methods We used data collected during June 2009–December 2010 from laboratory‐confirmed influenza cases identified through a household cohort in Peru. We determined the self‐reported direct and indirect costs of self‐treatment, outpatient care, emergency ward care, and hospitalizations through standardized questionnaires. We recorded costs accrued 15‐day from illness onset. Direct costs represented medication, consultation, diagnostic fees, and health‐related expenses such as transportation and phone calls. Indirect costs represented lost productivity during days of illness by both cases and caregivers. We estimated the annual economic cost and the impact of a case of influenza on a household. Results There were 1321 confirmed influenza cases, of which 47% sought health care. Participants with confirmed influenza illness paid a median of $13 [interquartile range (IQR) 5–26] for self‐treatment, $19 (IQR 9–34) for ambulatory non‐medical attended illness, $29 (IQR 14–51) for ambulatory medical attended illness, and $171 (IQR 113–258) for hospitalizations. Overall, the projected national cost of an influenza illness was $83–$85 millions. Costs per influenza illness represented 14% of the monthly household income of the lowest income quartile (compared to 3% of the highest quartile). Conclusion Influenza virus infection causes an important economic burden, particularly among the poorest families and those hospitalized. Prevention strategies such as annual influenza vaccination program targeting SAGE population at risk could reduce the overall economic impact of seasonal influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeny O Tinoco
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Hugo Rázuri
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru
| | | | | | - Ernesto Ortiz
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru
| | - Jorge Gomez
- General Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Lima, Peru
| | - Marc-Alain Widdowson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel G Bausch
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru.,Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru.,Division of Global Disease Detection International Emerging Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
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Vargas-Chacoff L, Saavedra E, Oyarzún R, Martínez-Montaño E, Pontigo JP, Yáñez A, Ruiz-Jarabo I, Mancera JM, Ortiz E, Bertrán C. Effects on the metabolism, growth, digestive capacity and osmoregulation of juvenile of Sub-Antarctic Notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus acclimated at different salinities. Fish Physiol Biochem 2015; 41:1369-1381. [PMID: 26148800 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study we assessed the influence of three different environmental salinities (5, 15 and 31 psu during 90 days) on growth, osmoregulation, energy metabolism and digestive capacity in juveniles of the Notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus. At the end of experimental time samples of plasma, liver, gill, intestine, kidney, skeletal muscle, stomach and pyloric caeca were obtained. Growth, weight gain, hepatosomatic index and specific growth rate increased at 15 and 31 psu and were lower at 5 psu salinity. Gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity presented a "U-shaped" relationship respect to salinity, with its minimum rates at 15 psu, while this activity correlated negatively with salinity at both anterior and posterior intestinal portions. No significant changes in NKA activity were observed in kidney or mid intestine. Large changes in plasma, metabolite levels and enzymatic activities related to energy metabolism in liver, gill, intestine, kidney and muscle were generally found in the groups exposed to 5 and 31 psu compared to the 15 psu group. Only the pepsin activity (digestive enzymes) assessed enhanced with environmental salinity, while pyloric caeca trypsin/chymotrypsin ratio decreased. This study suggests that juvenile of E. maclovinus presents greater growth near its iso-osmotic point (15 psu) and hyperosmotic environment (31 psu). Acclimation to low salinity increased the osmoregulatory expenditure as seen by the gill and anterior intestine results, while at high salinity, branchial osmoregulatory activity was also enhanced. This requires the mobilization of lipid stores and amino acids, thereby holding the growth of fish back. The subsequent reallocation of energy sources was not sufficient to maintain the growth rate of fish exposed to 5 psu. Thus, E. maclovinus juveniles present better growth efficiencies in salinities above the iso-osmotic point and hyperosmotic environment of this species, showing their best performance at 15 psu as seen by the main osmoregulatory and energy metabolism enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - E Saavedra
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - R Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - E Martínez-Montaño
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo (CIEN Austral) CONICYT Regional R10C1002, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, PO Box 610, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - J P Pontigo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (FONDAP-INCAR), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Yáñez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (FONDAP-INCAR), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I Ruiz-Jarabo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), CIMAR-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - J M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - E Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Bertrán
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Ramírez-Carreto S, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Rivas-Santiago B, Corzo G, Possani LD, Becerril B, Ortiz E. Peptides from the scorpion Vaejovis punctatus with broad antimicrobial activity. Peptides 2015; 73:51-9. [PMID: 26352292 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial potential of two new non-disulfide bound peptides, named VpAmp1.0 (LPFFLLSLIPSAISAIKKI, amidated) and VpAmp2.0 (FWGFLGKLAMKAVPSLIGGNKSSSK) is here reported. These are 19- and 25-aminoacid-long peptides with +2 and +4 net charges, respectively. Their sequences correspond to the predicted mature regions from longer precursors, putatively encoded by cDNAs derived from the venom glands of the Mexican scorpion Vaejovis punctatus. Both peptides were chemically synthesized and assayed against a variety of microorganisms, including pathogenic strains from clinical isolates and strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. Two shorter variants, named VpAmp1.1 (FFLLSLIPSAISAIKKI, amidated) and VpAmp2.1 (FWGFLGKLAMKAVPSLIGGNKK), were also synthesized and tested. The antimicrobial assays revealed that the four synthetic peptides effectively inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiaea) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, with MICs in the range of 2.5-24.0 μM; yeasts (Candida albicans and Candida glabrata) with MICs of 3.1-50.0 μM; and two clinically isolated strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-including a multi-drug resistant one- with MICs in the range of 4.8-30.5 μM. A comparison between the activities of the original peptides and their derivatives gives insight into the structural/functional role of their distinctive residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Ramírez-Carreto
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico. Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Juana María Jiménez-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico. Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute of Social Security IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico. Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico. Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Baltazar Becerril
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico. Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico. Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
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Razuri H, Malecki M, Tinoco Y, Ortiz E, Guezala MC, Romero C, Estela A, Breña P, Morales ML, Reaves EJ, Gomez J, Uyeki TM, Widdowson MA, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Bausch DG, Schildgen V, Schildgen O, Montgomery JM. Human Coronavirus-Associated Influenza-Like Illness in the Community Setting in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:1038-40. [PMID: 26324726 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present findings describing the epidemiology of non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus-associated influenza-like illness from a population-based active follow-up study in four different regions of Peru. In 2010, the prevalence of infections by human coronaviruses 229E, OC43, NL63, or HKU1 was 6.4% in participants with influenza-like illness who tested negative for influenza viruses. Ten of 11 human coronavirus infections were identified in the fall-winter season. Human coronaviruses are present in different regions of Peru and are relatively frequently associated with influenza-like illness in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Razuri
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Monika Malecki
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yeny Tinoco
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - M Claudia Guezala
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Candice Romero
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Abel Estela
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia Breña
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Maria-Luisa Morales
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Erik J Reaves
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jorge Gomez
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Marc-Alain Widdowson
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Daniel G Bausch
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Verena Schildgen
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Oliver Schildgen
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Cologne, Germany; Clinica San Pablo, Lima, Peru; Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Velasco R, Videla S, Villoria J, Ortiz E, Navarro X, Bruna J. Reliability and accuracy of quantitative sensory testing for oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 131:282-9. [PMID: 25313013 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thermal quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a non-invasive procedure helpful in the assessment of the function of small Aδ and C nerve sensory fibres. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, but is frequently associated with neurotoxic dose-limiting side effects. This controlled clinical trial evaluated the reliability and accuracy of thermal QST for assessing the OXA-induced acute neuropathic syndrome, whose clinical hallmark is cold-triggered painful paraesthesia. MATERIALS & METHODS A testing protocol with the Thermal Sensory Analyzer (Medoc) was carried out in 20 colorectal cancer patients during the initial four cycles of OXA-based chemotherapy and in 20 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Testing was carried out on the hands and included the determination of thermal detection and pain thresholds and the intensity of pain evoked by cold stimuli. Calculations were made of: coefficients of test-retest and inter-rater reliability, indices of responsiveness and parameters that quantify diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Thermal thresholds showed moderate to good reliability (ρ ≥ 0.383), but were not consistently responsive to the effects of chemotherapy (cold pain thresholds decreased in both groups, although almost twice in patients compared to healthy volunteers). Conversely, the intensity of pain evoked by suprathreshold cold stimuli was reliable (ρ ≥ 0.822), responsive (detected changes over time) and discriminated between patients and healthy volunteers (area under the ROC curve = 0.700). CONCLUSIONS The procedure was reliable and accurate to evaluate cold hyperalgesia resulting from OXA administration. The data provided may be used to define efficacy endpoints for future clinical trials of therapies for OXA-induced neuropathies and calculate appropriate sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Velasco
- Unit of Neuro-Oncology; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO Duran i Reynals; Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology; Institute of Neurosciences; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Bellaterra Spain
| | - S. Videla
- Clinical Research and Development; Laboratorios del Doctor Esteve, S.A.; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Villoria
- Department of Design and Biometrics; Medicxact, S.L.; Alpedrete Spain
| | - E. Ortiz
- Clinical Research and Development; Laboratorios del Doctor Esteve, S.A.; Barcelona Spain
| | - X. Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology; Institute of Neurosciences; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Bellaterra Spain
| | - J. Bruna
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology; Institute of Neurosciences; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Bellaterra Spain
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Quintero-Hernández V, Ramírez-Carreto S, Romero-Gutiérrez MT, Valdez-Velázquez LL, Becerril B, Possani LD, Ortiz E. Transcriptome analysis of scorpion species belonging to the Vaejovis genus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117188. [PMID: 25659089 PMCID: PMC4319844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpions belonging to the Buthidae family have traditionally drawn much of the biochemist's attention due to the strong toxicity of their venoms. Scorpions not toxic to mammals, however, also have complex venoms. They have been shown to be an important source of bioactive peptides, some of them identified as potential drug candidates for the treatment of several emerging diseases and conditions. It is therefore important to characterize the large diversity of components found in the non-Buthidae venoms. As a contribution to this goal, this manuscript reports the construction and characterization of cDNA libraries from four scorpion species belonging to the Vaejovis genus of the Vaejovidae family: Vaejovis mexicanus, V. intrepidus, V. subcristatus and V. punctatus. Some sequences coding for channel-acting toxins were found, as expected, but the main transcribed genes in the glands actively producing venom were those coding for non disulfide-bridged peptides. The ESTs coding for putative channel-acting toxins, corresponded to sodium channel β toxins, to members of the potassium channel-acting α or κ families, and to calcium channel-acting toxins of the calcin family. Transcripts for scorpine-like peptides of two different lengths were found, with some of the species coding for the two kinds. One sequence coding for La1-like peptides, of yet unknown function, was found for each species. Finally, the most abundant transcripts corresponded to peptides belonging to the long chain multifunctional NDBP-2 family and to the short antimicrobials of the NDBP-4 family. This apparent venom composition is in correspondence with the data obtained to date for other non-Buthidae species. Our study constitutes the first approach to the characterization of the venom gland transcriptome for scorpion species belonging to the Vaejovidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Quintero-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Santos Ramírez-Carreto
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María Teresa Romero-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Baltazar Becerril
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Lourival D. Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Abstract
Scorpions are well known for their dangerous stings that can result in severe consequences for human beings, including death. Neurotoxins present in their venoms are responsible for their toxicity. Due to their medical relevance, toxins have been the driving force in the scorpion natural compounds research field. On the other hand, for thousands of years, scorpions and their venoms have been applied in traditional medicine, mainly in Asia and Africa. With the remarkable growth in the number of characterized scorpion venom components, several drug candidates have been found with the potential to tackle many of the emerging global medical threats. Scorpions have become a valuable source of biologically active molecules, from novel antibiotics to potential anticancer therapeutics. Other venom components have drawn attention as useful scaffolds for the development of drugs. This review summarizes the most promising candidates for drug development that have been isolated from scorpion venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Georgina B Gurrola
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico.
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Ortiz E, Rendón-Anaya M, Rego SC, Schwartz EF, Possani LD. Antarease-like Zn-metalloproteases are ubiquitous in the venom of different scorpion genera. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1738-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sotelo JA, Urbina J, Ortiz E, Tejos C, Valverde I, Hurtado DE, Uribe S. Quantification of wall shear stress using finite-element interpolations in multidimensional phase contrast MR data of the thoracic aorta. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014. [PMCID: PMC4044935 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-16-s1-p371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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González-Andrade M, Becerril-Luján B, Sánchez-López R, Ceceña-Álvarez H, Pérez-Carreón JI, Ortiz E, Fernández-Velasco DA, del Pozo-Yauner L. Mutational and genetic determinants of λ6 light chain amyloidogenesis. FEBS J 2013; 280:6173-83. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín González-Andrade
- Consorcio Bioquímica de Enfermedades Crónicas; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN); México
| | | | - Rosana Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca México
| | - Héctor Ceceña-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas; Departamento de Bioquímica; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - Julio I. Pérez-Carreón
- Consorcio Bioquímica de Enfermedades Crónicas; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN); México
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca México
| | - D. Alejandro Fernández-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas; Departamento de Bioquímica; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - Luis del Pozo-Yauner
- Consorcio Bioquímica de Enfermedades Crónicas; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN); México
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Aguilar MB, Ortiz E, Kaas Q, López-Vera E, Becerril B, Possani LD, de la Cotera EPH. Precursor De13.1 from Conus delessertii defines the novel G gene superfamily. Peptides 2013; 41:17-20. [PMID: 23340018 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Peptide de13a was previously purified from the venom of the worm-hunting cone snail Conus delessertii from the Yucatán Channel, México. This peptide has eight cysteine (Cys) residues in the unique arrangement C-C-C-CC-C-C-C, which defines the cysteine framework XIII ("-" represents one or more non-Cys residues). Remarkably, δ-hydroxy-lysine residues have been found only in conotoxin de13a, which also contains an unusually high proportion of hydroxylated amino acid residues. Here, we report the cDNA cloning of the complete precursor De13.1 of a related peptide, de13b, which has the same Cys framework and inter-Cys spacings as peptide de13a, and shares high protein/nucleic acid sequence identity (87%/90%) with de13a, suggesting that both peptides belong to the same conotoxin gene superfamily. Analysis of the signal peptide of precursor De13.1 reveals that this precursor belongs to a novel conotoxin gene superfamily that we chose to name gene superfamily G. Thus far superfamily G only includes two peptides, each of which contains the same, distinctive Cys framework and a high proportion of amino acid residues with hydroxylated side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel B Aguilar
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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Corrales-Garcia L, Ortiz E, Castañeda-Delgado J, Rivas-Santiago B, Corzo G. Bacterial expression and antibiotic activities of recombinant variants of human β-defensins on pathogenic bacteria and M. tuberculosis. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 89:33-43. [PMID: 23459290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Five variants of human β-defensins (HBDs) were expressed in Escherichia coli using two vector systems (pET28a(+) and pQE30) with inducible expression by IPTG. The last vector has not been previously reported as an expression system for HBDs. The recombinant peptides were different in their lengths and overall charge. The HBDs were expressed as soluble or insoluble proteins depending on the expression system used, and the final protein yields ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 mg of peptide/g of wet weight cells, with purities higher than 90%. The recombinant HBDs demonstrated a direct correlation between antimicrobial activity and the number of basic charged residues; that is, their antimicrobial activity was as follows: HBD3-M-HBD2 > HBD3 = HBD3-M = HB2-KLK > HBD2 when assayed against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, HBD2 had the best antimicrobial activity against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv (1.5 μM) and the heterologous tandem peptide, HBD3-M-HBD2, had the best minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (2.7 μM) against a multidrug resistance strain (MDR) of M. tuberculosis, demonstrating the feasibility of the use of HBDs against pathogenic M. tuberculosis reported to be resistant to commercial antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Corrales-Garcia
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
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Razuri H, Romero C, Tinoco Y, Guezala MC, Ortiz E, Silva M, Reaves E, Williams M, Laguna-Torres VA, Halsey ES, Gomez J, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Widdowson MA, Bresee J, Moen A, Uyeki TM, Bennett A, Montgomery JM, Bausch DG. Population-based active surveillance cohort studies for influenza: lessons from Peru. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90:318-20. [PMID: 22511830 DOI: 10.2471/blt.11.097808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Razuri
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru.
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Mehta R, Hernández-Salgado K, Ortiz E, Corzo G, Villegas E. 273. Heterologous Expression of PaluIT1, A Cysteine Knot Spider Toxin, in E. coli. Toxicon 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.04.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Ramírez-Carreto S, Quintero-Hernández V, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Corzo G, Possani LD, Becerril B, Ortiz E. Gene cloning and functional characterization of four novel antimicrobial-like peptides from scorpions of the family Vaejovidae. Peptides 2012; 34:290-5. [PMID: 22342498 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
From the cDNA libraries made from the venom glands of two scorpions belonging to the Vaejovidae family, four different putative non disulfide-bridged antimicrobial peptides were identified: VmCT1 and VmCT2 from Vaejovis mexicanus smithi plus VsCT1 and VsCT2 from Vaejovis subcristatus. These short peptides (with only 13 amino acid residues each) share important amino acid sequence similarities among themselves and with other reported antimicrobial peptides, but their biological activities vary dramatically. This communication reports the cloning, chemical synthesis and characterization of these peptides. Two peptides, VmCT1 and VmCT2 showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs in the range of 5-25 μM and 10-20 μM respectively, whereas their hemolytic activity at these concentrations was low. Structure-function relationships that might determine the differences in activities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Ramírez-Carreto
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
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Dutta AK, Verghese VP, Pemde H, Mathew LG, Ortiz E. Immunogenicity and safety of a DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T vaccine (Pentaxim) booster dose during the second year of life in Indian children primed with the same vaccine. Indian Pediatr 2012; 49:793-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-012-0191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Escriche M, Sust M, Xu Z, Encabo M, Farrán R, Gomez A, Puig S, Martínez-Cabot A, Encina G, Ortiz E, Casals S, Gich I, Barbanoj MJ, Abadías M. 446 PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE OF A SELECTIVE SIGMA-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (S1RA) IN HUMAN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1754-3207(10)70451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Quintero-Hernández V, Ortiz E, Rendón-Anaya M, Schwartz EF, Becerril B, Corzo G, Possani LD. Scorpion and spider venom peptides: gene cloning and peptide expression. Toxicon 2011; 58:644-63. [PMID: 21978889 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This communication reviews most of the important findings related to venom components isolated from scorpions and spiders, mainly by means of gene cloning and expression. Rather than revising results obtained by classical biochemical studies that report structure and function of venom components, here the emphasis is placed on cloning and identification of genes present in the venomous glands of these arachnids. Aspects related to cDNA library construction, specific or random ESTs cloning, transcriptome analysis, high-throughput screening, heterologous expression and folding are briefly discussed, showing some numbers of species and components already identified, but also shortly mentioning limitations and perspectives of research for the future in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Quintero-Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología - UNAM, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Estrada G, Restano-Cassulini R, Ortiz E, Possani LD, Corzo G. Addition of positive charges at the C-terminal peptide region of CssII, a mammalian scorpion peptide toxin, improves its affinity for sodium channels Nav1.6. Peptides 2011; 32:75-9. [PMID: 21078353 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CssII is a β-scorpion peptide that modifies preferentially sodium currents of the voltage-dependent Na(+) channel (Nav) sub-type 1.6. Previously, we have found that the C-terminal amidation of CssII increases its affinity for Nav, which opens at more negative potentials in the presence of CssII. Although C-terminal amidation in vitro conditions is possible, five CssII peptide toxin variants with C-terminal residues modified were heterologously expressed (rN66S, rN66H, rN66R, r[T64R/N66S] and r[T64R/N66R], in which r stands for recombinant, the capital letters to the amino acid residues and the numbers indicate the position of the given residue into the primary sequence of the toxin) and correctly folded. A secondary structure prediction of CssII agrees with the experimental secondary structure obtained by circular dichroism; so all bacterial expressed neurotoxin variants maintained the typical α/β secondary structure motif of most Na(+) channel scorpion toxins. The electrophysiological properties of all recombinant variants were examined, and it was found that substitutions of threonine (T) and asparagine (N) at the C-terminal region for arginine (R) (r[T64R/N66R]) increase their affinity for Nav1.6. Although, the molecular interactions involved in this mechanism are still not clearly determined, there is experimental evidence supporting the suspicion that incorporation of basic charged amino acid residues at the C-terminal tail of a group of α-scorpion toxin was favored by natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Estrada
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
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Rodriguez-Gabin AG, Ortiz E, Demoliner K, Si Q, Almazan G, Larocca JN. Interaction of Rab31 and OCRL-1 in oligodendrocytes: its role in transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:589-604. [PMID: 19795375 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rab31, a protein that we cloned from an oligodendrocyte cDNA library, is required for transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to endosomes and for Golgi/TGN organization. Here we extend the knowledge of the mechanism of action of Rab31 by demonstrating its interaction with OCRL-1, a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate 5-phosphatase (PI(4,5)P(2) 5-phosphatase) that regulates the levels of PI(4,5)P(2) and PI(4)P, molecules involved in transport and Golgi/TGN organization. We show that Rab31 interacts with OCRL-1 in a yeast two-hybrid system, GST-Rab31 pull-down experiments, and coimmunoprecipitation of OCRL-1 using oligodendrocyte culture lysates. Rab31 and OCRL-1 colocalize in the TGN, post-TGN carriers, and endosomes. Cation-dependent MPR (CD-MPR) is sorted to OCRL-1-containing carriers, but CD63 and vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSVG) are not. siRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous Rab31 causes collapse of the TGN apparatus and markedly decreases the levels of OCRL-1 in the TGN and endosomes. Our observations indicate that the role of Rab31 in the Golgi/TGN structure and transport of MPRs depends on its capability to recruit OCRL-1 to domains of the TGN where the formation of carriers occurs. The importance of our observations is highlighted by the fact that mutation of OCRL-1 causes demyelination in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Rodriguez-Gabin
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Hernández-Santoyo A, del Pozo Yauner L, Fuentes-Silva D, Ortiz E, Rudiño-Piñera E, Sánchez-López R, Horjales E, Becerril B, Rodríguez-Romero A. A Single Mutation at the Sheet Switch Region Results in Conformational Changes Favoring λ6 Light-Chain Fibrillogenesis. J Mol Biol 2010; 396:280-92. [PMID: 19941869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dutta AK, Verghese VP, Pemde HK, Mathew LG, Ortiz E. Immunogenicity and safety of a pentavalent diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate combination vaccine (Pentaxim) with hepatitis B vaccine. Indian Pediatr 2009; 46:975-982. [PMID: 19955579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain immunogenicity and safety data for a pentavalent combination vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, Hib polysaccharide-conjugate). DESIGN Multicenter, open, Phase III clinical study. A DTaP-IPV//PRP approximately T vaccine (Pentaxim) was given at 6,10,14 weeks of age; and Hepatitis B vaccine at 0,6,14 or at 6,10,14 weeks of age. Immunogenicity assessed 1 month post-3rd dose; safety assessed for 30 minutes by the investigator, then by parents and investigators to 8 days and 30 days post-vaccination. SETTING Tertiary-care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS/PATIENTS 226 healthy Indian infants (6 weeks of age). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Immunogenicity and safety. RESULTS Immunogenicity was high for each vaccine antigen, and similar to a historical control study (France) following a 2,3,4 month of age administration schedule. Post-3rd dose, 98.6% of subjects had anti-PRP >0.15 mg/mL and 90.0% had titers >1.0 mg/mL; the anti-PRP GMT was 4.1 micrograms/mL. Seroprotection rates for diphtheria and tetanus (>0.01 IU/mL) were 99.1% and 100%; and 100%, 99.1% and 100%, for polio types 1,2 and 3 (>8 [1/dil]) respectively. Anti-polio GMTs were 440.5,458.9, and 1510.7 (1/dil) for types 1,2 and 3 respectively. The vaccine response rates to pertussis antigens (4-fold increase in antibody concentration) were 93.7% for PT and 85.7% for FHA; the 2-fold increase was 97.1% and 92.4%. Vaccine reactogenicity was low with adverse reaction incidence not increasing with subsequent doses. CONCLUSION The DTaP-IPV//PRP approximately T vaccine, given concomitantly with monovalent hepatitis B vaccine, was highly immunogenic at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age in infants in India. The vaccine was well tolerated.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/adverse effects
- Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/immunology
- Female
- Haemophilus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Haemophilus Vaccines/adverse effects
- Haemophilus Vaccines/immunology
- Haemophilus influenzae type b/immunology
- Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Hepatitis B Vaccines/adverse effects
- Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology
- Humans
- India
- Infant
- Male
- Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/adverse effects
- Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/immunology
- Prospective Studies
- Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Combined/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Combined/immunology
- Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Conjugate/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Dutta
- Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
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