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Yadav A, Yadav R, Sharma V, Dutta U. A comprehensive guide to assess gut mycobiome and its role in pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:112-128. [PMID: 38409485 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune mediated chronic inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract, which has underlying multifactorial pathogenic determinants such as environmental factors, susceptibility genes, gut microbial dysbiosis and a dysregulated immune response. Human gut is a frequent inhabitant of complex microbial ecosystem encompassing bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and other microorganisms that have an undisputable role in maintaining balanced homeostasis. All of these microbes interact with immune system and affect human gut physiology either directly or indirectly with interaction of each other. Intestinal fungi represent a smaller but crucial component of the human gut microbiome. Besides interaction with bacteriome and virome, it helps in balancing homoeostasis between pathophysiological and physiological processes, which is often dysregulated in patients with IBD. Understanding of gut mycobiome and its clinical implications are still in in its infancy as opposed to bacterial component of gut microbiome, which is more often focused. Modulation of gut mycobiome represents a novel and promising strategy in the management of patients with IBD. Emerging mycobiome-based therapies such as diet interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics (both fungal and bacterial strains) and antifungals exhibit substantial effects in calibrating the gut mycobiome and restoring dysbalanced immune homeostasis by restoring the core gut mycobiome. In this review, we summarized compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy individuals and patients with IBD, gut mycobiome dysbiosis in patients with IBD, host immune-fungal interactions and therapeutic role of modulation of intestinal fungi in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Yadav
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India.
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Usman OH, Kumar S, Walker RR, Xie G, Sumajit HC, Jalil AR, Ramakrishnan S, Dooling LJ, Wang YJ, Irianto J. Differential modulation of cellular phenotype and drug sensitivity by extracellular matrix proteins in primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar130. [PMID: 37903222 PMCID: PMC10848942 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is reported to be the third highest cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. PDAC is known for its high proportion of stroma, which accounts for 90% of the tumor mass. The stroma is made up of extracellular matrix (ECM) and nonmalignant cells such as inflammatory cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and lymphatic and blood vessels. Here, we decoupled the effects of the ECM on PDAC cell lines by culturing cells on surfaces coated with different ECM proteins. Our data show that the primary tumor-derived cell lines have different morphology depending on the ECM proteins on which they are cultured, while metastatic lesion-derived PDAC lines' morphology does not change with respect to the different ECM proteins. Similarly, ECM proteins modulate the proliferation rate and the gemcitabine sensitivity of the primary tumor PDAC cell lines, but not the metastatic PDAC lines. Lastly, transcriptomics analysis of the primary tumor PDAC cells cultured on different ECM proteins reveals the regulation of various pathways, such as cell cycle, cell-adhesion molecules, and focal adhesion, including the regulation of several integrin genes that are essential for ECM recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan H. Usman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Sampath Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Reddick R. Walker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Gengqiang Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Hyeje C. Sumajit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - AbdelAziz R. Jalil
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Subramanian Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yue Julia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
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Nayebhashemi M, Enayati S, Zahmatkesh M, Madanchi H, Saberi S, Mostafavi E, Mirbzadeh Ardakani E, Azizi M, Khalaj V. Surface display of pancreatic lipase inhibitor peptides by engineered Saccharomyces boulardii: Potential as an anti-obesity probiotic. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
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The Probiotic Strains Bifidοbacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii Regulate Wound Healing and Chemokine Responses in Human Intestinal Subepithelial Myofibroblasts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101293. [PMID: 36297405 PMCID: PMC9611312 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii are common probiotic supplements. Colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (cSEMFs) are actively involved in mucosal wound healing and inflammation. cSEMFs, isolated from healthy individuals, were stimulated with 102 or 104 cfu/mL of these probiotic strains alone and in combination, and their effect on chemokine and wound healing factor expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, ELISA and Sircol Assay, and on cSEMFs migration, by Wound Healing Assay. These strains remained viable and altered cSEMFs’ inflammatory and wound healing behavior, depending on the strain and concentration. cSEMFs treated with a combination of the four probiotics had a moderate, but statistically significant, increase in the mRNA and/or protein expression of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL4, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL5, and healing factors, collagen type I and III, fibronectin and tissue factor. In contrast, when each strain was administered alone, different effects were observed, with greater increase or decrease in chemokine and healing factor expression, which was balanced by the mixture. Overall, this study highlights that the use of multiple probiotic strains can potentially alert the gut mucosal immune system and promote wound healing, having a better effect on mucosal immunity than the use of single probiotics.
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Hu J, Wei S, Gu Y, Wang Y, Feng Y, Sheng J, Hu L, Gu C, Jiang P, Tian Y, Guo W, Lv L, Liu F, Zou Y, Yan F, Feng N. Gut Mycobiome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Was Altered and Associated With Immunological Profiles. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843695. [PMID: 35784313 PMCID: PMC9245424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mounting evidence suggests that bacterial dysbiosis and immunity disorder are associated with patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the mycobiome is beginning to gain recognition as a fundamental part of our microbiome. We aim to characterize the profile of the mycobiome in the gut of CKD patients and its correlation to serum immunological profiles. Methods and materials Ninety-two CKD patients and sex-age-body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Fresh samples were collected using sterile containers. ITS transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on the samples. An immunoturbidimetric test was used to assess the serum levels of immunological features. Results The CKD cohort displayed a different microbial community from that in the HC cohort according to principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). (P=0.001). The comparison of the two cohorts showed that the CKD cohort had significantly higher gut microbial richness and diversity (P<0.05). The CKD cohort had lower abundances of Candida, Bjerkandera, Rhodotorula, and Ganoderma compared to the HC cohort, while it had higher Saccharomyces (P<0.05). However, the microbial community alteration was inconsistent with the severity of kidney damage in patients, as only patients in CKD stage 1~3 had differed microbial community concerning for HCs based on PCoA (P<0.05). The serum concentration of the kappa light chain in CKD patients was positively associated with Saccharomyces, whereas the it was negatively associated with Ganoderma (P<0.05). Conclusions Not only was gut mycobiome dysbiosis observed in CKD patients, but the dysbiosis was also associated with the immunological disorder. These findings suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting gut mycobiome might be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shichao Wei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yangkun Feng
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiayi Sheng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chaoqun Gu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengping Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yeqing Zou
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nantong University, Wuxi, China
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Chan MZA, Liu SQ. Fortifying foods with synbiotic and postbiotic preparations of the probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chan MZA, Lu Y, Liu SQ. In vitro bioactivities of coffee brews fermented with the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I745. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110693. [PMID: 34600688 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the production of bioactive metabolites (e.g., indole-3-lactate, 4-hydroxyphenyllactate, 3-phenyllactate, 2-isopropylmalate) by the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I745 during coffee brew fermentation. However, it remains unclear if in situ production of bioactive metabolites confers additional health benefits to coffee brews. Here, we aimed to investigate the in vitro bioactivities of freeze-dried cell-free coffee supernatants fermented with L. rhamnosus GG and/or S. boulardii CNCM-I745, compared to non-fermented coffee supernatants. In vitro bioactivity assays pertained to α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, antiglycative activities, anti-proliferation against human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT116, and HepG2), cellular antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory activities. We demonstrated that non-fermented coffee supernatants displayed weak starch hydrolase inhibition (IC50 > 36.00 mg/mL), but otherwise displayed strong anti-glycative (IC50 0.71-0.74 mg/mL), anti-proliferative (IC50 0.45, 0.36, and < 0.5 mg/mL for MCF-7, HCT116, and HepG2 respectively), cellular antioxidant (85,844.22 µmol quercetin equivalents/100 g coffee supernatant), and anti-inflammatory activities (35.7% reduction in nitrite production at 0.13 mg/mL). In all the assays tested, probiotic fermented coffee supernatants exhibited very similar bioactivities compared to non-fermented coffee supernatants, and improvements were not observed. Overall, in vitro bioactivities of coffee brews were not improved via in situ metabolite production by L. rhamnosus GG and/or S. boulardii CNCM-I745. Therefore, bioactive metabolites produced during probiotic-induced food fermentations may not necessarily confer additional health benefits compared to non-fermented counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhi Alcine Chan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, No. 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Alassane-Kpembi I, Canlet C, Tremblay-Franco M, Jourdan F, Chalzaviel M, Pinton P, Cossalter AM, Achard C, Castex M, Combes S, Bracarense APL, Oswald IP. 1H-NMR metabolomics response to a realistic diet contamination with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol: Effect of probiotics supplementation. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111222. [PMID: 32145353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-level contamination of food and feed by deoxynivalenol (DON) is unavoidable. We investigated the effects of subclinical treatment with DON, and supplementation with probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii I1079 as a preventive strategy in piglets. Thirty-six animals were randomly assigned to either a control diet, a diet contaminated with DON (3 mg/kg), a diet supplemented with yeast (4 × 109 CFU/kg), or a DON-contaminated diet supplemented with yeast, for four weeks. Plasma and tissue samples were collected for biochemical analysis,1H-NMR untargeted metabolomics, and histology. DON induced no significant modifications in biochemical parameters. However, lesion scores were higher and metabolomics highlighted alterations of amino acid and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism. Administering yeast affected aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis and amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Yeast supplementation of piglets exposed to DON prevented histological alterations, and partial least square discriminant analysis emphasised similarity between the metabolic profiles of their plasma and that of the control group. The effect on liver metabolome remained marginal, indicating that the toxicity of the mycotoxin was not eliminated. These findings show that the 1H-NMR metabolomics profile is a reliable biomarker to assess subclinical exposure to DON, and that supplementation with S. cerevisiae boulardii increases the resilience of piglets to this mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; Université D'Abomey-Calavi, Ecole Polytechnique D'Abomey, Calavi, Benin.
| | - Cecile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Anne Marie Cossalter
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Caroline Achard
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702, Blagnac Cedex, France.
| | - Mathieu Castex
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702, Blagnac Cedex, France.
| | - Sylvie Combes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | | | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Brandi J, Di Carlo C, Manfredi M, Federici F, Bazaj A, Rizzi E, Cornaglia G, Manna L, Marengo E, Cecconi D. Investigating the Proteomic Profile of HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells After Lactobacillus kefiri SGL 13 Exposure Using the SWATH Method. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1690-1699. [PMID: 31309410 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite some studies revealed that kefir acts on different cancers, such as colorectal cancer, the proteomic changes that occur in the colon cancer cells remain to be explored. In this study, the proteomic analysis was combined with determination of kefir characteristics (e.g., adhesion capacity, gastrointestinal and antibiotic resistances), in order to confirm its use as a probiotic. Therefore, a label-free strategy based on SWATH-MS was applied to investigate the proteomic profile of HT-29 cells after exposure for 24 h to a specific strain of Lactobacillus kefiri named SGL 13. We identified a total of 60 differentially expressed proteins in HT-29 cells, among which most are located into the extracellular exosome, playing important/crucial roles in translation and cell adhesion, as indicated by the enrichment analysis. The eIF2 and retinoid X receptor activation pathways appeared to be correlated with the anti-tumoral effect of SGL 13. Immunoblot analysis showed an increase in Bax and a decrease in caspase 3 and mutant p53, and ELISA assay revealed inhibition of IL-8 secretion from HT-29 cells stimulated with LPS upon SGL 13 treatment, suggesting pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of kefir. In conclusion, the results of this study, the first of its kind using co-culture of kefir and colon cancer cells, demonstrate that L. kefiri SGL 13 possesses probiotic potency and contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the L. kefiri-colon cancer cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Carlo
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- ISALIT s.r.l., Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Alda Bazaj
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rizzi
- Sintal Dietetics s.r.l., Castelnuovo Vomano, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cornaglia
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Manna
- Sintal Dietetics s.r.l., Castelnuovo Vomano, Teramo, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Aghamohammadi D, Ayromlou H, Dolatkhah N, Jahanjoo F, Shakouri SK. The effects of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on the mental health, quality of life, fatigue, pain, and indices of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials 2019; 20:379. [PMID: 31234904 PMCID: PMC6591959 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between gut dysbiosis and inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) is presently recognized as an important health issue. It has been established that some bacterial probiotic strains are effective in treating MS. This study will investigate the effect of yeast probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) supplements on mental health, quality of life, fatigue, pain, and indices of inflammation and oxidative stress in MS patients. METHODS/DESIGN In this double-blind randomized controlled two-group parallel trial, 50 MS patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be recruited from outpatient settings. They will be randomly allocated to 4 months of daily placebo or the SB probiotic intervention. Blood samples will be taken from each participant at the baseline and after the intervention period to assess inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary endpoint will be the changes in their mental health evaluated by the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. The secondary endpoints include changes in: (1) quality of life, evaluated by the 36-item Short Form Questionnaire, (2) fatigue, evaluated by the Fatigue Severity Scale, (3) pain, evaluated by a visual analogue scale, and (4) serum levels of indices of inflammatory stress (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity). Moreover, any adverse events and side effects due to the intervention will be documented. DISCUSSION There is a need to discover safe and practical methods for managing the symptoms of MS. This trial will gather evidence on the effects of a probiotic. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Clinical Trial Registry, IRCT20161022030424N1 . Registered on 9 April 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Aghamohammadi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hormoz Ayromlou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Dolatkhah
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jahanjoo
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Terciolo C, Dapoigny M, Andre F. Beneficial effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 on clinical disorders associated with intestinal barrier disruption. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019; 12:67-82. [PMID: 30804678 PMCID: PMC6375115 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s181590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier defects lead to "leaky gut syndrome", defined as an increase in intestinal permeability that allows the passage of luminal content into intestinal tissue and the bloodstream. Such a compromised intestinal barrier is the main factor underlying the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, but also commonly occurs in various systemic diseases such as viral infections and metabolic syndrome. The non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 has demonstrated its effectiveness as a probiotic in the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated, infectious and functional diarrhea. Via multiple mechanisms of action implicated in intestinal barrier function, S. boulardii has beneficial effects on altered intestinal microbiota and epithelial barrier defects in different pathologies. The well-studied probiotic yeast S. boulardii plays a crucial role in the preservation and/or restoration of intestinal barrier function in multiple disorders. This could be of major interest in diseases characterized by alterations in intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Terciolo
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France,
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France,
| | - Michel Dapoigny
- Médecine Digestive, CHU Estaing, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM UMR 1107, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederic Andre
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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Sivananthan K, Petersen AM. Review ofSaccharomyces boulardiias a treatment option in IBD. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:465-475. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1469143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Sivananthan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Alassane-Kpembi I, Pinton P, Hupé JF, Neves M, Lippi Y, Combes S, Castex M, Oswald IP. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Boulardii Reduces the Deoxynivalenol-Induced Alteration of the Intestinal Transcriptome. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E199. [PMID: 29762474 PMCID: PMC5983255 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type B trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most frequently occurring food contaminants. By inducing trans-activation of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the stability of their mRNA, trichothecene can impair intestinal health. Several yeast products, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have the potential for improving the enteric health of piglets, but little is known about the mechanisms by which the administration of yeast counteracts the DON-induced intestinal alterations. Using a pig jejunum explant model, a whole-transcriptome analysis was performed to decipher the early response of the small intestine to the deleterious effects of DON after administration of S. cerevisiae boulardii strain CNCM I-1079. Compared to the control condition, no differentially expressed gene (DE) was observed after treatment by yeast only. By contrast, 3619 probes-corresponding to 2771 genes-were differentially expressed following exposure to DON, and 32 signaling pathways were identified from the IPA software functional analysis of the set of DE genes. When the intestinal explants were treated with S. cerevisiae boulardii prior to DON exposure, the number of DE genes decreased by half (1718 probes corresponding to 1384 genes). Prototypical inflammation signaling pathways triggered by DON, including NF-κB and p38 MAPK, were reversed, although the yeast demonstrated limited efficacy toward some other pathways. S. cerevisiae boulardii also restored the lipid metabolism signaling pathway, and reversed the down-regulation of the antioxidant action of vitamin C signaling pathway. The latter effect could reduce the burden of DON-induced oxidative stress. Altogether, the results show that S. cerevisiae boulardii reduces the DON-induced alteration of intestinal transcriptome, and point to new mechanisms for the healing of tissue injury by yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, BP.93173 F-31027 Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cotonou Camp Guézo, Cotonou 01BP517, Benin.
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, BP.93173 F-31027 Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
| | - Jean-François Hupé
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Blagnac CEDEX, France.
| | - Manon Neves
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, BP.93173 F-31027 Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, BP.93173 F-31027 Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
| | - Sylvie Combes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31320 Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Mathieu Castex
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Blagnac CEDEX, France.
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, BP.93173 F-31027 Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
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Terciolo C, Dobric A, Ouaissi M, Siret C, Breuzard G, Silvy F, Marchiori B, Germain S, Bonier R, Hama A, Owens R, Lombardo D, Rigot V, André F. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 Restores intestinal Barrier Integrity by Regulation of E-cadherin Recycling. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:999-1010. [PMID: 28333335 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alteration in intestinal permeability is the main factor underlying the pathogenesis of many diseases affecting the gut, such as inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Characterization of molecules targeting the restoration of intestinal barrier integrity is therefore vital for the development of alternative therapies. The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 [Sb], used to prevent and treat antibiotic-associated infectious and functional diarrhea, may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of IBD. METHODS We analyzed the impact of Sb supernatant on tissue integrity and components of adherens junctions using cultured explants of colon from both IBD and healthy patients. To evaluate the pathways by which Sb regulates the expression of E-cadherin at the cell surface, we developed in vitro assays using human colonic cell lines, including cell aggregation, a calcium switch assay, real-time measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance [TEER] and pulse-chase experiments. RESULTS We showed that Sb supernatant treatment of colonic explants protects the epithelial morphology and maintains E-cadherin expression at the cell surface. In vitro experiments revealed that Sb supernatant enhances E-cadherin delivery to the cell surface by re-routing endocytosed E-cadherin back to the plasma membrane. This process, involving Rab11A-dependent recycling endosome, leads to restoration of enterocyte adherens junctions, in addition to the overall restoration and strengthening of intestinal barrier function. CONCLUSION These findings open new possibilities of discovering novel options for prevention and therapy of diseases that affect intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Terciolo
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Dobric
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Ouaissi
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, AP-HM, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Siret
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Breuzard
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Renaté Bonier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Adel Hama
- Ecole des Mines de Saint Etienne, BEL, Gardanne, France
| | - Roisin Owens
- Ecole des Mines de Saint Etienne, BEL, Gardanne, France
| | | | - Véronique Rigot
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric André
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
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15
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Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Scott SM, Whelan K. Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics and the Gastrointestinal Microbiota on Gut Motility and Constipation. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:484-494. [PMID: 28507013 PMCID: PMC5421123 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a common and burdensome gastrointestinal disorder that may result from altered gastrointestinal motility. The effect of probiotics on constipation has been increasingly investigated in both animal and human studies, showing promising results. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the mechanisms of action of probiotics on gut motility and constipation. Several factors are vital to normal gut motility, including immune and nervous system function, bile acid metabolism and mucus secretion, and the gastrointestinal microbiota and fermentation; an imbalance or dysfunction in any of these components may contribute to aberrant gut motility and, consequently, symptoms of constipation. For example, adults with functional constipation have significantly decreased numbers of bifidobacteria (with one study showing a mean difference of 1 log10/g) and lactobacilli (mean difference, 1.4 log10/g) in stool samples, as well as higher breath methane, compared with control subjects. Modifying the gut luminal environment with certain probiotic strains may affect motility and secretion in the gut and, hence, provide a benefit for patients with constipation. Therefore, this review explores the mechanisms through which probiotics may exert an effect on gut motility and constipation. Nevertheless, the majority of current evidence is derived from animal studies, and therefore, further human studies are needed to determine the mechanisms through specific probiotic strains that might be effective in constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Dimidi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; and,Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Neurogastroenterology Group and GI Physiology Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanos Christodoulides
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; and,Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Neurogastroenterology Group and GI Physiology Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Mark Scott
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Neurogastroenterology Group and GI Physiology Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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16
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Villar-García J, Güerri-Fernández R, Moya A, González A, Hernández JJ, Lerma E, Guelar A, Sorli L, Horcajada JP, Artacho A, D´Auria G, Knobel H. Impact of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on the gut microbiome composition in HIV-treated patients: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173802. [PMID: 28388647 PMCID: PMC5384743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbalance in gut microbiota has been linked to increased microbial translocation, leading to chronic inflammation in HIV-patients, even under effective HAART. Moreover, microbial translocation is associated with insufficient reconstitution of CD4+T cells, and contributes to the pathogenesis of immunologic non-response. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we recently showed that, compared to placebo, 12 weeks treatment with probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii significantly reduced plasma levels of bacterial translocation (Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein or LBP) and systemic inflammation (IL-6) in 44 HIV virologically suppressed patients, half of whom (n = 22) had immunologic non-response to antiretroviral therapy (<270 CD4+Tcells/μL despite long-term suppressed viral load). The aim of the present study was to investigate if this beneficial effect of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii is due to modified gut microbiome composition, with a decrease of some species associated with higher systemic levels of microbial translocation and inflammation. In this study, we used 16S rDNA gene amplification and parallel sequencing to analyze the probiotic impact on the composition of the gut microbiome (faecal samples) in these 44 patients randomized to receive oral supplementation with probiotic or placebo for 12 weeks. Compared to the placebo group, in individuals treated with probiotic we observed lower concentrations of some gut species, such as those of the Clostridiaceae family, which were correlated with systemic levels of bacterial translocation and inflammation markers. In a sub-study of these patients, we observed significantly higher parameters of microbial translocation (LBP, soluble CD14) and systemic inflammation in immunologic non-responders than in immunologic responders, which was correlated with a relative abundance of specific gut bacterial groups (Lachnospiraceae genus and Proteobacteria). Thus, in this work, we propose a new therapeutic strategy using the probiotic yeast S. boulardii to modify gut microbiome composition. Identifying pro-inflammatory species in the gut microbiome could also be a useful new marker of poor immune response and a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Villar-García
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Güerri-Fernández
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO) and Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (Universitat de València), València, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia González
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elisabet Lerma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Guelar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Sorli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan P. Horcajada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO) and Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (Universitat de València), València, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D´Auria
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO) and Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (Universitat de València), València, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernando Knobel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Koon HW, Su B, Xu C, Mussatto CC, Tran DHN, Lee EC, Ortiz C, Wang J, Lee JE, Ho S, Chen X, Kelly CP, Pothoulakis C. Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 prevents outbreak-associated Clostridium difficile-associated cecal inflammation in hamsters. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G610-G623. [PMID: 27514478 PMCID: PMC5142203 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00150.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
C. difficile infection (CDI) is a common debilitating nosocomial infection associated with high mortality. Several CDI outbreaks have been attributed to ribotypes 027, 017, and 078. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S.b) is effective for the prevention of CDI. However, there is no current evidence suggesting this probiotic can protect from CDI caused by outbreak-associated strains. We used established hamster models infected with outbreak-associated C. difficile strains to determine whether oral administration of live or heat-inactivated S.b can prevent cecal tissue damage and inflammation. Hamsters infected with C. difficile strain VPI10463 (ribotype 087) and outbreak-associated strains ribotype 017, 027, and 078 developed severe cecal inflammation with mucosal damage, neutrophil infiltration, edema, increased NF-κB phosphorylation, and increased proinflammatory cytokine TNFα protein expression. Oral gavage of live, but not heated, S.b starting 5 days before C. difficile infection significantly reduced cecal tissue damage, NF-κB phosphorylation, and TNFα protein expression caused by infection with all strains. Moreover, S.b-conditioned medium reduced cell rounding caused by filtered supernatants from all C. difficile strains. S.b-conditioned medium also inhibited toxin A- and B-mediated actin cytoskeleton disruption. S.b is effective in preventing C. difficile infection by outbreak-associated via inhibition of the cytotoxic effects of C. difficile toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Wai Koon
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bowei Su
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chunlan Xu
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Caroline C Mussatto
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diana Hoang-Ngoc Tran
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christina Ortiz
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiani Wang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samantha Ho
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ciaran P Kelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
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18
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Medium optimization and kinetics modeling for the fermentation of hydrolyzed cheese whey permeate as a substrate for Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Liguori G, Lamas B, Richard ML, Brandi G, da Costa G, Hoffmann TW, Di Simone MP, Calabrese C, Poggioli G, Langella P, Campieri M, Sokol H. Fungal Dysbiosis in Mucosa-associated Microbiota of Crohn's Disease Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:296-305. [PMID: 26574491 PMCID: PMC4957473 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gut microbiota is involved in many physiological functions and its imbalance is associated with several diseases, particularly with inflammatory bowel diseases. Mucosa-associated microbiota could have a key role in induction of host immunity and in inflammatory process. Although the role of fungi has been suggested in inflammatory disease pathogenesis, the fungal microbiota has not yet been deeply explored. Here we analysed the bacterial and fungal composition of the mucosa-associated microbiota of Crohn's disease patients and healthy subjects. METHODS Our prospective, observational study evaluated bacterial and fungal composition of mucosa-associated microbiota of 23 Crohn's disease patients [16 in flare, 7 in remission] and 10 healthy subjects, using 16S [MiSeq] and ITS2 [pyrosequencing] sequencing, respectively. Global fungal load was assessed by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Bacterial microbiota in Crohn's disease patients was characterised by a restriction in biodiversity. with an increase of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. Global fungus load was significantly increased in Crohn's disease flare compared with healthy subjects [p < 0.05]. In both groups, the colonic mucosa-associated fungal microbiota was dominated by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota phyla. Cystofilobasidiaceae family and Candida glabrata species were overrepresented in Crohn's disease. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Filobasidium uniguttulatum species were associated with non-inflamed mucosa, whereas Xylariales order was associated with inflamed mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the alteration of the bacterial microbiota and is the first demonstration of the existence of an altered fungal microbiota in Crohn's disease patients, suggesting that fungi may play a role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Equipe Avenir Gut Microbiota and Immunity, U1157/UMR7203, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Département, Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Mathias L. Richard
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Département, Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France,INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna,Bologna, Italy
| | - Gregory da Costa
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Département, Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France,INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Thomas W. Hoffmann
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Département, Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France,INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Carlo Calabrese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gilberto Poggioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Philippe Langella
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Département, Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France,INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Massimo Campieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Harry Sokol
- Equipe Avenir Gut Microbiota and Immunity, U1157/UMR7203, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Département, Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France,INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy en Josas, France,Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris6, Paris, France
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20
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Smith IM, Baker A, Arneborg N, Jespersen L. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts protect against epithelial cell barrier disruption induced by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:491-7. [PMID: 26280244 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The human gastrointestinal epithelium makes up the largest barrier separating the body from the external environment. Whereas invasive pathogens cause epithelial barrier disruption, probiotic micro-organisms modulate tight junction regulation and improve epithelial barrier function. In addition, probiotic strains may be able to reduce epithelial barrier disruption caused by pathogenic species. The aim of this study was to explore non-Saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier function in vitro. Benchmarking against established probiotic strains, we evaluated the ability of four nonpathogenic yeast species to modulate transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) across a monolayer of differentiated human colonocytes (Caco-2 cells). Further, we assessed yeast modulation of a Salmonella Typhimurium-induced epithelial cell barrier function insult. Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of non-Saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier function. While the established probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii increased TER across a Caco-2 monolayer by 30%, Kluyveromyces marxianus exhibited significantly stronger properties of TER enhancement (50% TER increase). In addition, our data demonstrate significant yeast-mediated modulation of Salmonella-induced epithelial cell barrier disruption and identify K. marxianus and Metschnikowia gruessii as two non-Saccharomyces yeasts capable of protecting human epithelial cells from pathogen invasion. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates distinct patterns of non-Saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier function in vitro. Further, our data demonstrate significant yeast-mediated modulation of Salmonella Typhimurium-induced epithelial cell barrier disruption and identify Kluyveromyces marxianus and Metschnikowia gruessii as two non-Saccharomyces yeasts capable of protecting human epithelial cells from pathogen invasion. This study is the first to demonstrate significant non-Saccharomyces yeast-mediated epithelial cell barrier protection from Salmonella invasion, thus encouraging future efforts aimed at confirming the observed effects in vivo and driving further strain development towards novel yeast probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Smith
- Health & Nutrition Discovery, Chr. Hansen, Hørsholm, Denmark.,Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - A Baker
- Health & Nutrition Discovery, Chr. Hansen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - N Arneborg
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - L Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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21
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Effect of probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii) on microbial translocation and inflammation in HIV-treated patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 68:256-63. [PMID: 25469528 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial translocation has been associated with an increase in immune activation and inflammation in HIV infection despite effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. It has been shown that some probiotics have a beneficial effect by reducing intestinal permeability and, consequently, microbial translocation. OBJECTIVES To assess changes in microbial translocation and inflammation after treatment with probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii) in HIV-1-infected patients with virologic suppression. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 44 nonconsecutive HIV-1-infected patients with viral load of <20 copies per milliliter for at least 2 years. Patients were randomized to oral supplementation with probiotics or placebo during 12 weeks. Markers of microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [LBP] and soluble CD14), inflammation (interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and immunological and clinical data were determined before and after the intervention and 3 months after treatment discontinuation. Quantitative variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, and categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, differences between the probiotic arm and the placebo arm were observed in LBP values (-0.30 vs +0.70 pg/mL) and IL-6 (-0.60 vs +0.78 pg/mL). These differences were also noted at 3 months after treatment withdrawal. Qualitative analysis was performed, defining a variable as "decreased" or "increased" from baseline LBP. A significant decrease of LBP at 12 weeks of treatment was observed (57.9% patients in the probiotic group vs 6.2% in the placebo group, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with S. boulardii decreases microbial translocation (LBP) and inflammation parameters (IL-6) in HIV-1-infected patients with long-term virologic suppression.
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22
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Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been steadily increasing since 1960. They are widespread throughout Europe, North America, China, and Japan and are emerging as a global disease. The equilibrium among epithelial cells, the immune system, and the related microbiota seems to be paramount in ensuring the absence of these IBD. The role of bacteria in the setting of the gut microbiota has been thoroughly documented, but the role of fungi, which are less abundant, needs to be investigated. Our understanding of the fungal microbiota composition and its impact on IBD has greatly increased in the past 8 years. In this review, we compiled data obtained for the composition of fungal gut microbiota. Special attention was paid to the various effects of this microbial community on the IBD, i.e., the mechanisms and immune pathways involved in these interactions.
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23
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic non-specific inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. During the exploration of the etiology, treatment and other aspects of IBD, it has been gradually realized that microbial ecological agents (MEAs) are helpful in the treatment of IBD. This article reviews the relationship between MEAs and IBD with regard to the intestinal environment in IBD, the therapeutic effect of MEA in IBD and the possible mechanisms involved.
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24
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a serious chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of intestinal ulcer, diarrhea, bloody stools and abdominal pain. The pathogenesis of UC is thought to be associated wit genetic susceptibility, mucosal immunity and intestinal flora. Compared with normal people, UC patients often develop different degrees of dysbacteriosis, which mainly manifests as reduced number of good microorganisms and increased number of conditional pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, we will discuss the distribution of intestinal flora, mainly potential pathogenic bacteria and good microorganisms, in patients with UC.
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