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Ishida E, Corrigan DT, Malonis RJ, Hofmann D, Chen T, Amin AG, Chatterjee D, Joe M, Lowary TL, Lai JR, Achkar JM. Monoclonal antibodies from humans with Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure or latent infection recognize distinct arabinomannan epitopes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1181. [PMID: 34642445 PMCID: PMC8511196 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface polysacharide arabinomannan (AM) and related glycolipid lipoarabinomannan (LAM) play critical roles in tuberculosis pathogenesis. Human antibody responses to AM/LAM are heterogenous and knowledge of reactivity to specific glycan epitopes at the monoclonal level is limited, especially in individuals who can control M. tuberculosis infection. We generated human IgG mAbs to AM/LAM from B cells of two asymptomatic individuals exposed to or latently infected with M. tuberculosis. Here, we show that two of these mAbs have high affinity to AM/LAM, are non-competing, and recognize different glycan epitopes distinct from other anti-AM/LAM mAbs reported. Both mAbs recognize virulent M. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria with marked differences, can be used for the detection of urinary LAM, and can detect M. tuberculosis and LAM in infected lungs. These mAbs enhance our understanding of the spectrum of antibodies to AM/LAM epitopes in humans and are valuable for tuberculosis diagnostic and research applications. Elise Ishida et al. generate human monoclonal antibodies that can selectively recognize specific oligosaccharide epitopes of the polysaccharides arabinomannan and lipoarabinomannan, which are critical for M. tuberculosis pathogenesis. The authors demonstrate the utility of these antibodies in both diagnostic and laboratory settings, making them important tools for M. tuberculosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ishida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Devin T Corrigan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryan J Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Hofmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anita G Amin
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maju Joe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Kirubakar G, Schäfer H, Rickerts V, Schwarz C, Lewin A. Mutation on lysX from Mycobacterium avium hominissuis impacts the host-pathogen interaction and virulence phenotype. Virulence 2020; 11:132-144. [PMID: 31996090 PMCID: PMC6999840 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1713690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysX gene from Mycobacterium avium hominissuis (MAH) is not only involved in cationic antimicrobial resistance but also regulates metabolic activity. An MAH lysX deficient mutant was shown to exhibit a metabolic shift at the extracellular state preadapting the bacteria to the conditions inside host-cells. It further showed stronger growth in human monocytes. In the present study, the LysX activity on host-pathogen interactions were analyzed. The lysX mutant from MAH proved to be more sensitive toward host-mediated stresses such as reactive oxygen species. Further, the lysX mutant exhibited increased inflammatory response in PBMC and multinucleated giant cell (MGC) formation in human macrophages during infection studies. Coincidentally, the lysX mutant strain revealed to be more reproductive in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Together, these data demonstrate that LysX plays a role in regulating the bacillary load in host organisms and the lack of lysX gene facilitates MAH adaptation to intracellular host-habitat, thereby suggesting an essential role of LysX in the modulation of host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greana Kirubakar
- Division 16, Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubert Schäfer
- Division 16, Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Rickerts
- Division 16, Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Schwarz
- Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Lewin
- Division 16, Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Mycobacterium abscessus Clearance by Neutrophils Is Independent of Autophagy. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00024-20. [PMID: 32423916 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00024-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, is increasingly prevalent in chronic lung disease, including cystic fibrosis, and infections are characterized by neutrophil-dominated environments. However, mechanisms of immune control are poorly understood. Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic with immunomodulatory effects, is used to treat M. abscessus infections. Recently, inhibition of macrophage bactericidal autophagy was described for azithromycin, which could be detrimental to the host. Therefore, we explored the role of autophagy in mycobactericidal neutrophils. Azithromycin did not affect M. abscessus-induced neutrophil reactive oxygen species formation, phagocytosis, or cytokine secretion, and neutrophils treated with azithromycin killed M. abscessus equally as well as untreated neutrophils from either healthy or cystic fibrosis subjects. One clinical isolate was killed more effectively in azithromycin-treated neutrophils, suggesting that pathogen-specific factors may interact with an azithromycin-sensitive pathway. Chloroquine and rapamycin, an inhibitor and an activator of autophagy, respectively, also failed to affect mycobactericidal activity, suggesting that autophagy was not involved. However, wortmannin, an inhibitor of intracellular trafficking, inhibited mycobactericidal activity, but as a result of inhibiting phagocytosis. The effects of these autophagy-modifying agents and azithromycin in neutrophils from healthy subjects were similar between the smooth and rough morphotypes of M. abscessus However, in cystic fibrosis neutrophils, wortmannin inhibited killing of a rough clinical isolate and not a smooth isolate, suggesting that unique host-pathogen interactions exist in cystic fibrosis. These studies increase our understanding of M. abscessus virulence and of neutrophil mycobactericidal mechanisms. Insight into the immune control of M. abscessus may provide novel targets of therapy.
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Mycobacterium avium: an overview. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 114:127-134. [PMID: 30711152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is an environmental microorganism found in soil and water sources worldwide. It is the most prevalent species of nontuberculous mycobacteria that causes infectious diseases, especially in immunocompromised individuals. This review discusses and highlights key topics about M. avium, such as epidemiology, pathogenicity, glycopeptidolipids, laboratory identification, genotyping, antimicrobial therapy and antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, the main comorbidities associated with M. avium infection are discussed.
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Rivero-Lezcano OM, Blanco-Conde S, López-Medrano R, López-Fidalgo E, Caño-Herrero M, Nebreda-Mayoral T. Blood antimicrobial activity varies against different Mycobacterium spp. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:80-87. [PMID: 29050776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro analysis of mycobacterial pathogenicity or host susceptibility has traditionally relied on the infection of macrophages, the target cell of mycobacteria, despite difficulties reproducing their antimycobacterial activity. We have employed alternative models, namely whole blood and leukocytes in plasma, from QuantiFERON negative individuals, and performed infections with the pathogenic M. tuberculosis, the less pathogenic M. avium, M. kansasii and M. chelonae and the occasionally pathogenic M. gordonae and M. bovis. The anticoagulant used in blood extraction, heparin or EDTA, had a major influence in the outcome of the infection. Thus, while in the heparinized models a similar number of bacteria were enumerated in the inoculum and after seven days, in the presence of EDTA a killing effect was observed, despite the inhibitory effect of EDTA on cellular functions like the production of cytokines or reactive oxygen species (ROS). A special case was the rapidly growing mycobacteria M. chelonae, that multiplied in heparinized models but was eliminated in models with EDTA. We verified that EDTA is not responsible for the bactericidal effect, but acts as a bacteriostatic agent. Further work will determine whether blood derived models are a better alternative to the classical macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Miguel Rivero-Lezcano
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Soria, Spain.
| | - Sara Blanco-Conde
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Ramiro López-Medrano
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital del Bierzo, Médicos sin Fronteras, 7, Fuentesnuevas-Ponferrada, 24404 León, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Fidalgo
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Manuela Caño-Herrero
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Teresa Nebreda-Mayoral
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain
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Fleurbaaij F, van Leeuwen HC, Klychnikov OI, Kuijper EJ, Hensbergen PJ. Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rahmani M, Alroy J, Zoukhri D, Wein RO, Tischler AS. Mycobacterial pseudotumor of the skin. Virchows Arch 2013; 463:843-6. [PMID: 24114192 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pseudotumors have a diverse etiology, mycobacterial pseudotumor (MP) being one of them. MP is a rare entity; it has been reported infrequently in various organs and is extremely rare in the skin. We report a cutaneous MP in an immunosuppressed liver transplant recipient. The lesion consisted mostly of spindle cells, with small numbers of lymphocytes. Conventional acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain revealed a large number of acid-fast bacilli within spindled histiocytes and the presence of Mycobacterium avium was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Given that the patient had a prior history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma resected and reconstructed in the same area, establishing the diagnosis was challenging. Immunohistochemical staining for lysosome-associated membrane protein was strongly positive, suggesting the presence of numerous mature lysosomes within infected spindle cells. Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumors can mimic malignant or benign neoplasms and should be considered in differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions, especially in immunocompromised patients. Further studies are needed to determine mechanisms that permit the survival of mycobacteria within the lesions and that cause this unusual manifestation of infection.
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