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Arroum T, Hish GA, Burghardt KJ, Ghamloush M, Bazzi B, Mrech A, Morse PT, Britton SL, Koch LG, McCully JD, Hüttemann M, Malek MH. Mitochondria Transplantation: Rescuing Innate Muscle Bioenergetic Impairment in a Model of Aging and Exercise Intolerance. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1189-1199. [PMID: 38900170 PMCID: PMC11192236 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Arroum, T, Hish, GA, Burghardt, KJ, Ghamloush, M, Bazzi, B, Mrech, A, Morse, PT, Britton, SL, Koch, LG, McCully, JD, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Mitochondria transplantation: Rescuing innate muscle bioenergetic impairment in a model of aging and exercise intolerance. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1189-1199, 2024-Mitochondria, through oxidative phosphorylation, are crucial for energy production. Disease, genetic impairment, or deconditioning can harm muscle mitochondria, affecting energy production. Endurance training enhances mitochondrial function but assumes mobility. Individuals with limited mobility lack effective treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction because of disease or aging. Mitochondrial transplantation replaces native mitochondria that have been damaged with viable, respiration-competent mitochondria. Here, we used a rodent model selectively bred for low-capacity running (LCR), which exhibits innate mitochondrial dysfunction in the hind limb muscles. Hence, the purpose of this study was to use a distinct breed of rats (i.e., LCR) that display hereditary skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction to evaluate the consequences of mitochondrial transplantation. We hypothesized that the transplantation of mitochondria would effectively alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in the hind limb muscles of rats when compared with placebo injections. In addition, we hypothesized that rats receiving the mitochondrial transplantation would experience an improvement in their functional capacity, as evaluated through incremental treadmill testing. Twelve aged LCR male rats (18 months old) were randomized into 2 groups (placebo or mitochondrial transplantation). One LCR rat of the same age and sex was used as the donor to isolate mitochondria from the hindlimb muscles. Isolated mitochondria were injected into both hindlimb muscles (quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius complex) of a subset LCR (n = 6; LCR-M) rats. The remaining LCR (n = 5; LCR-P) subset received a placebo injection containing only the vehicle without the isolated mitochondria. Four weeks after mitochondrial transplantation, rodents were euthanized and hindlimb muscles harvested. The results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in mitochondrial markers for glycolytic (plantaris and TA) and mixed (quadricep femoris) muscles, but not oxidative muscle (soleus). Moreover, we found significant (p < 0.05) epigenetic changes (i.e., hypomethylation) at the global and site-specific levels for a key mitochondrial regulator (transcription factor A mitochondrial) between the placebo and mitochondrial transplantation groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation in a rodent model of aging with congenital skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Gerald A. Hish
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (ULAM), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kyle J. Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Mohamed Ghamloush
- Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Belal Bazzi
- Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Abdallah Mrech
- Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Paul T. Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - James D. McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Moh H. Malek
- Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
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Rahmi U, Goenawan H, Sylviana N, Setiawan I, Putri ST, Andriyani S, Fitriana LA. Exercise induction at expression immediate early gene (c-Fos, ARC, EGR-1) in the hippocampus: a systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2024; 18:e20230015. [PMID: 38628561 PMCID: PMC11019719 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The immediate early gene exhibits activation markers in the nervous system consisting of ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos and is related to synaptic plasticity, especially in the hippocampus. Immediate early gene expression is affected by physical exercise, which induces direct ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos expression. Objective To assess the impact of exercise, we conducted a literature study to determine the expression levels of immediate early genes (ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1). Methods The databases accessed for online literature included PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The original English articles were selected using the following keywords in the title: (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (c-Fos) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (ARC) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (EGR-1 OR zif268) AND (Hippocampus). Results Physical exercise can affect the expression of EGR-1, c-Fos, and ARC in the hippocampus, an important part of the brain involved in learning and memory. High-intensity physical exercise can increase c-Fos expression, indicating neural activation. Furthermore, the expression of the ARC gene also increases due to physical exercise. ARC is a gene that plays a role in synaptic plasticity and regulation of learning and memory, changes in synaptic structure and increased synaptic connections, while EGR-1 also plays a role in synaptic plasticity, a genetic change that affects learning and memory. Overall, exercise or regular physical exercise can increase the expression of ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1 in the hippocampus. This reflects the changes in neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity that occur in response to physical activity. These changes can improve cognitive function, learning, and memory. Conclusion c-Fos, EGR-1, and ARC expression increases in hippocampal neurons after exercise, enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis associated with learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upik Rahmi
- Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Nursing, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Medicine, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Medicine, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nova Sylviana
- Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Medicine, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Iwan Setiawan
- Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Medicine, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Suci Tuty Putri
- Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Nursing, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Septian Andriyani
- Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Nursing, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Lisna Anisa Fitriana
- Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Nursing, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Gan Y, Dong Y, Dai S, Shi H, Li X, Wang F, Fu Y, Dong Y. The different cell-specific mechanisms of voluntary exercise and forced exercise in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109714. [PMID: 37690678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a global epidemic. People who take the initiative to exercise will feel pleasure during the exercise process and stick with it for a long time, while people who passively ask for exercise will feel pain and cannot stick with it. However, the neural mechanisms underlying voluntary and forced exercise remain unclear. Here, we report that voluntary running increased the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) but decreased membrane excitability in D1R-MSNs, whereas D2R-MSNs did not change in mEPSC and membrane excitability. Forced running increased the frequency of mEPSC and membrane excitability in D2R-MSNs, but D1R-MSNs did not change, which may be the mechanism by which forced exercise has a non-rewarding effect. These findings provide new insights into how voluntary and forced exercise mediate reward and non-reward effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Gan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yigang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shanghua Dai
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fanglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingmei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Jafari Gandomani S, Soleimani M, Fayazmilani R. Evaluation of the c-Fos expression in the hippocampus after fatigue caused by one session of endurance exercise in pre-pubertal and adult rats. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37812039 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2269471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Central fatigue plays an important role in reducing endurance exercise activity during brain development. c-Fos gene expression in the hippocampus was examined as an indicator of neuronal activation after exhaustion. METHODS Eighteen pre-pubertal male rats at four weeks old and 18 adult rats at eight weeks were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C), Constant time exercise (CTEx), Endurance Exercise until Exhaustion (ExhEx), which started at two minutes and ended in 20 min, the main swimming test was performed with a weight equal to 5% of the bodyweight attached to the rats' tail as a single session in experimental groups and was recorded at the end of their time, while to evaluate the force loss, the Grip strength was measured before and after the activity. The brain activation rate was examined by c-Fos gene expression and Nissl staining in CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus of all groups. RESULTS Power grip and Nissl positive neurons in CA3 and DG have been significantly higher in pre-pubertal rats than in adults, both in the CTEx group (p = 0.04) and in the ExhEx group (p < 0.001). Also, real-time exhaustion in the pre-pubertal group was significantly longer than in adults. c-Fos gene expression was significantly reduced in adults' hippocampus in comparison to preadolescence (p < 0.01) and control (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These findings clarified that increased strength and longer fatigue in pre-puberal rats may lead to c-Fos gene expression and decreased neurons in the hippocampus. Perhaps this is a protective effect to suppress stress hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Jafari Gandomani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Fayazmilani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang T, Nishitani N, Niitani K, Nishida R, Futami Y, Deyama S, Kaneda K. A spatiotemporal increase of neuronal activity accompanies the motivational effect of wheel running in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 432:113981. [PMID: 35777550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal activity underlying the motivational effect of rotating running wheels (RWs) in rodents remain largely undetermined. Here, we investigated changes of neuronal activity among brain regions associated with motivation across different intensities of motivation for RWs in mice. Daily exposure to RWs gradually increased rotation number, then became stable after approximately 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the number of c-Fos (a neuronal activity marker)-positive cells increased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), core and shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (Str), and lateral septum (LS) at day 1, day 9, and days 20-24, in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, despite exposure to locked RWs for over 7 days after establishing stable rotation with 3-week RW access, increased c-Fos expression was still observed in most of these brain areas. Furthermore, daily overnight RW access developed stable rotation by day 6, with high and low rotation numbers at the start and end of the overnight session, respectively. The number of c-Fos-positive cells at the start of RW rotation was significantly higher than at the end of RW rotation in most brain regions. Furthermore, after establishing stable rotation, the number of c-Fos-positive cells increased in the mPFC and shell of the NAc of mice that only observed RWs. These findings suggest that the subareas of the mPFC and NAc may be critically involved in the motivational effects of RW rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuhei Niitani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryoma Nishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusaku Futami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Wikgren J, Nokia MS, Mäkinen E, Koch LG, Britton SL, Kainulainen H, Lensu S. Rats with elevated genetic risk for metabolic syndrome exhibit cognitive deficiencies when young. Physiol Behav 2021; 236:113417. [PMID: 33838202 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a known risk factor for cognitive decline. Using polygenic rat models selectively bred for high and low intrinsic exercise capacity and simultaneously modelling as low and high innate risk factor for MetS respectively, we have previously shown that adult animals with lower exercise capacity/higher MetS risk perform poorly in tasks requiring flexible cognition. However, it is not known whether these deficits in cognition are present already at young age. Also, it is unclear whether the high risk genome is related also to lower-level cognition, such as sensory gating measured as prepulse inhibition. In this study, young and adult (5-8 weeks and ~9 months) rats selectively bred for 36 generations as High-Capacity Runners (HCR) or Low-Capacity Runners (LCR) were tested for behavior in an open field task, modulation of startle reflex, and spatial learning in a T-maze. HCR rats were more active in the open field than LCR rats independent of age. Responses to the startle stimulus habituated to the same extent in LCR compared to HCR rats when young, but as adults, stronger habituation was seen in the HCR animals. The prepulse inhibition of startle response was equally strong in young HCR and LCR animals but the effect was shorter lasting in HCR animals. In T-maze, adult HCR animals unexpectedly showed attenuated learning, but we interpret this finding to stem from differences in motivation rather than learning ability. Overall, in the LCR rats with the risk genome for poor aerobic fitness and MetS, indications of compromised cognitive function are present already at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wikgren
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Miriam S Nokia
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Mäkinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo OH 43606-3390, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5048, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 7744 MS II, 1137 E, Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622, USA
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Kitazawa H, Hasegawa K, Aruga D, Tanaka M. Potential Genetic Contributions of the Central Nervous System to a Predisposition to Elite Athletic Traits: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030371. [PMID: 33807752 PMCID: PMC8000928 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent remarkable advances in genetic technologies have allowed for the identification of genetic factors potentially related to a predisposition to elite athletic performance. Most of these genetic variants seem to be implicated in musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary functions. Conversely, it remains unclear whether functions of the central nervous system (CNS) genetically contribute to elite athletic traits, although the CNS plays critical roles in exercise performance. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the emerging implications of CNS-related genes in the modulation of brain activities, including mental performance and motor-related traits, thereby potentially contributing to high levels of exercise performance. In this review, recent advances are summarized, and future research directions are discussed in regard to CNS-related genes with potential roles in a predisposition to elite athletic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kitazawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (H.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, 808 Sunakomi, Takizawa City, Iwate 020-0694, Japan;
| | - Daichi Aruga
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (H.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (H.K.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-555-83-5200
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Shiuchi T, Masuda T, Shimizu N, Chikahisa S, Séi H. Dopamine stimulation of the septum enhances exercise efficiency during complicated treadmill running in mice. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:1019-1028. [PMID: 31664642 PMCID: PMC10717687 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the neurotransmitters and brain regions involved in exercise efficiency in mice during continuous complicated exercises. Male C57BL/6J mice practiced treadmill running with intermittent obstacles on a treadmill for 8 days. Oxygen uptake (VO2) during treadmill running was measured as exercise efficiency. After obstacle exercise training, the VO2 measured during treadmill running with obstacles decreased significantly. Obstacle exercise-induced c-Fos expressions and dopamine turnover (DOPAC/dopamine) in the septum after obstacle exercise training were significantly higher than that before training. The dopamine turnover was correlated with exercise efficiency on the 3rd day after exercise training. Furthermore, the training effect on exercise efficiency was significantly decreased by injection of dopamine receptor antagonists into the septum and was associated with decreased c-Fos expressions in the septum and hippocampus of the mice. These results suggest that dopaminergic function in the septum is involved in exercise efficiency during continuous complicated exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takuya Masuda
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Student Lab, Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shimizu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sachiko Chikahisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Séi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Rabelo PCR, Horta NAC, Cordeiro LMS, Poletini MO, Coimbra CC, Szawka RE, Soares DD. Intrinsic exercise capacity in rats influences dopamine neuroplasticity induced by physical training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1721-1729. [PMID: 28883047 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00506.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluates whether the intrinsic capacity for physical exercise influences dopamine neuroplasticity induced by physical training. Male rats were submitted to three progressive tests until fatigue. Based on the maximal time of exercise (TE), rats were considered as low performance (LP), standard performance (SP) or high performance (HP) to exercise. Eight animals from each group (LP, SP, and HP) were randomly subdivided in sedentary (SED) or trained (TR). Physical training was performed for 6 wk. After that, concentrations of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and their metabolites and mRNA levels of D1 receptor ( Drd1), D2 receptor ( Drd2), dopamine transporter ( Dat), tyrosine hydroxylase ( Th), glia cell line neurotrophic factor ( Gdnf), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( Bdnf) were determined in the caudate-putamen (CPu). TE was increased with training in all performance groups. However, the relative increase was markedly higher in LP rats, and this was associated with a training-induced increase in dopaminergic activity in the CPu, which was determined by the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/DA ratio. An opposite monoamine response was found in HP-TR rats, in which physical training decreased the DOPAC/DA ratio in the CPu. Moreover, LP-SED rats displayed higher levels of Drd2 in the CPu compared with the other SED groups, and this higher expression was decreased by physical training. Physical training also decreased Dat and increased Gdnf in the CPu of LP rats. Physical training decreased Bdnf in the CPu only in HP rats. Thus, we provide evidence that the intrinsic capacity to exercise affects the neuroplasticity of the dopaminergic system in response to physical training. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The findings reported reveal that dopaminergic neuroplasticity in caudate-putamen induced by physical training is influenced by the intrinsic capacity to exercise in rats. To evaluate the dopaminergic neuroplasticity, we analyzed mRNA levels of D1 receptor, D2 receptor, dopamine transporter, tyrosine hydroxylase, glia cell line neurotrophic factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor as well as concentrations of dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites. These results expand our knowledge about the interrelationship between genetic background, physical training, and dopaminergic neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia C R Rabelo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Nayara A C Horta
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Letícia M S Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunometabolismo, Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Maristela O Poletini
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
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10
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Tonoli C, Heyman E, Buyse L, Roelands B, Piacentini MF, Bailey S, Pattyn N, Berthoin S, Meeusen R. Neurotrophins and cognitive functions in T1D compared with healthy controls: effects of a high-intensity exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 40:20-7. [PMID: 25525862 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognitive function. This effect is greatly favored by an exercise-induced increase in neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), especially with high-intensity exercises (HIE). As a complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), a cognitive decline may occur, mostly ascribed to hypoglycaemia and chronic hyperglycaemia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute HIE on cognitive function and neurotrophins in T1D and matched controls. Ten trained T1D (8 males, 2 females) participants and their matched (by age, sex, fitness level) controls were evaluated on 2 occasions after familiarization: a maximal test to exhaustion and an HIE bout (10 intervals of 60 s at 90% of their maximal wattage followed by 60 s at 50 W). Cognitive tests and analyses of serum BDNF, IGF-1, and free insulin were performed before and after HIE and following 30 min of recovery. At baseline, cognitive performance was better in the controls compared with the T1D participants (p < 0.05). After exercise, no significant differences in cognitive performance were detected. BDNF levels were significantly higher and IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in T1D compared with the control group (p < 0.05) at all time points. Exercise increased BDNF and IGF-1 levels in a comparable percentage in both groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although resting levels of serum BDNF and IGF-1 were altered by T1D, comparable increasing effects on BDNF and IGF-1 in T1D and healthy participants were found. Therefore, regularly repeating acute HIE could be a promising strategy for brain health in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajsa Tonoli
- a Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2 - B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Santiago HP, Leite LHR, Lima PMA, Rodovalho GV, Szawka RE, Coimbra CC. The improvement of exercise performance by physical training is related to increased hypothalamic neuronal activation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 43:116-24. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique P Santiago
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Laura HR Leite
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcelo A Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Gisele V Rodovalho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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12
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Zhang Q, Deng Y, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zha D. Drag-reducing polymers increase exercise tolerance in an ischemic hind-limb rat model. Vascular 2015; 24:241-5. [PMID: 26092832 DOI: 10.1177/1708538115592092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drag-reducing polymers are long-chain, blood soluble macromolecules that can improve microcirculation in vivo. This study aimed to examine the effects of drag-reducing polymers on exercise tolerance in a rat model of hind-limb ischemia. METHODS After adaptive running training, bilateral femoral artery ligation models were established in 64 Wistar rats. During an exhaustive exercise, polyethylene oxide or normal saline was intravenously injected to each group (n = 32) at 4 mL/h for 10 min. The exhaustive exercise time was recorded, and lactic acid levels in gastrocnemius muscle and serum were measured. Serum levels of nitric oxide, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured as biomarkers of physical fatigue. RESULTS Compared with saline-treated control group, rats in polyethylene oxide-treated group had longer exhaustive exercise time (774.7 ± 171.5 s vs. 687.6 ± 166.1 s, p = 0.043), and lower lactic acid level in gastrocnemius muscle (p < 0.01) but no significant difference in serum lactic acid level between two groups was observed (p > 0.05). Nitric oxide level was higher in polyethylene oxide group than in controls (p < 0.05), but no significant differences in serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels between two groups were observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Drag-reducing polymers contribute to the enhancement of exercise endurance and exert anti-fatigue effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyan Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daogang Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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