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Zhang Q, Lai D. Application of human amniotic epithelial cells in regenerative medicine: a systematic review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:439. [PMID: 33059766 PMCID: PMC7559178 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) derived from placental tissues have gained considerable attention in the field of regenerative medicine. hAECs possess embryonic stem cell-like proliferation and differentiation capabilities, and adult stem cell-like immunomodulatory properties. Compared with other types of stem cell, hAECs have special advantages, including easy isolation, plentiful numbers, the obviation of ethical debates, and non-immunogenic and non-tumorigenic properties. During the past two decades, the therapeutic potential of hAECs for treatment of various diseases has been extensively investigated. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that hAEC transplantation helps to repair and rebuild the function of damaged tissues and organs by different molecular mechanisms. This systematic review focused on summarizing the biological characteristics of hAECs, therapeutic applications, and recent advances in treating various tissue injuries and disorders. Relevant studies published in English from 2000 to 2020 describing the role of hAECs in diseases and phenotypes were comprehensively sought out using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. According to the research content, we described the major hAEC characteristics, including induced differentiation plasticity, homing and differentiation, paracrine function, and immunomodulatory properties. We also summarized the current status of clinical research and discussed the prospects of hAEC-based transplantation therapies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential of hAECs, including their use for cell replacement therapy as well as secreted cytokine and exosome biotherapy. Moreover, we showed that the powerful immune-regulatory function of hAECs reveals even more possibilities for their application in the treatment of immune-related diseases. In the future, establishing the optimal culture procedure, achieving precise and accurate treatment, and enhancing the therapeutic potential by utilizing appropriate preconditioning and/or biomaterials would be new challenges for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwan Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Speciality, 145, Guang-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Lai
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Speciality, 145, Guang-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Lim R. Concise Review: Fetal Membranes in Regenerative Medicine: New Tricks from an Old Dog? Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 6:1767-1776. [PMID: 28834402 PMCID: PMC5689753 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of the fetal membranes dates back to nearly a century. Their use has ranged from superficial skin dressings to surgical wound closure. The applications of the fetal membranes are constantly evolving, and key to this is the uncovering of multiple populations of stem and stem-like cells, each with unique properties that can be exploited for regenerative medicine. In addition to pro-angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties of the stem and stem-like cells arising from the fetal membranes, the dehydrated and/or decellularized forms of the fetal membranes have been used to support the growth and function of other cells and tissues, including adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. This concise review explores the biological origin of the fetal membranes, a history of their use in medicine, and recent developments in the use of fetal membranes and their derived stem and stem-like cells in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1767-1776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Efficient Gene Editing at Major CFTR Mutation Loci. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:73-81. [PMID: 30852378 PMCID: PMC6409404 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Nuclease-mediated precise gene editing (PGE) represents a promising therapy for CF, for which an efficient strategy that is free of viral vector, drug selection, and reporter enrichment (VDR free) is desirable. Here we compared different transfection methods (lipofectamine versus electroporation) and formats (plasmid DNA versus ribonucleoprotein) in delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 elements along with single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) to clinically relevant cells targeting major CFTR mutation loci. We demonstrate that, among different combinations, electroporation of CRISPR/Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA) ribonucleoprotein (Cas9 RNP) is the most effective one. By using this VDR-free method, 4.8% to 27.2% efficiencies were achieved in creating dF508, G542X, and G551D mutations in a wild-type induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line. When it is applied to a patient-derived iPSC line carrying the dF508 mutation, a greater than 20% precise correction rate was achieved. As expected, genetic correction leads to the restoration of CFTR function in iPSC-derived proximal lung organoids, as well as in a patient-derived adenocarcinoma cell line CFPAC-1. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of gene editing-based therapeutics toward monogenic diseases such as CF.
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Conese M, Beccia E, Castellani S, Di Gioia S, Colombo C, Angiolillo A, Carbone A. The long and winding road: stem cells for cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:281-292. [PMID: 29216777 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1413087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic syndrome with a high mortality rate due to severe lung disease. Despite having several drugs targeting specific mutated CFTR proteins already in clinical trials, new therapies, based on stem cells, are also emerging to treat those patients. AREAS COVERED The authors review the main sources of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), gestational stem cells, and adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the context of CF. Furthermore, they describe the main animal and human models of lung physiology and pathology, involved in the optimization of these stem cell-applied therapies in CF. EXPERT OPINION ESCs and iPSCs are emerging sources for disease modeling and drug discovery purposes. The allogeneic transplant of healthy MSCs, that acts independently to specific mutations, is under intense scrutiny due to their secretory, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. The main challenge for future developments will be to get exogenous stem cells into the appropriate lung location, where they can regenerate endogenous stem cells and act as inflammatory modulators. The clinical application of stem cells for the treatment of CF certainly warrants further insight into pre-clinical models, including large animals, organoids, decellularized organs and lung bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Conese
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Elisa Beccia
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy.,b Department of Medicine and Health Sciences 'V. Tiberio' , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- c Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- b Department of Medicine and Health Sciences 'V. Tiberio' , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- d Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit , IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza' , San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) , Italy
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Melville JM, McDonald CA, Bischof RJ, Polglase GR, Lim R, Wallace EM, Jenkin G, Moss TJ. Human amnion epithelial cells modulate the inflammatory response to ventilation in preterm lambs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173572. [PMID: 28346529 PMCID: PMC5367683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilation of preterm neonates causes pulmonary inflammation that can contribute to lung injury, propagate systemically and result in long-term disease. Modulation of this initial response may reduce lung injury and its sequelae. We aimed to determine the effect of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) on immune activation and lung injury in preterm neonatal lambs. Preterm lambs received intratracheal hAECs (90x106) or vehicle, prior to 2 h of mechanical ventilation. Within 5 min of ventilation onset, lambs also received intravenous hAECs (90x106) or vehicle. Lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell phenotypes, and cytokine profiles were examined after 2 h of ventilation, and in unventilated controls. Histological indices of lung injury were higher than control, in vehicle-treated ventilated lambs but not in hAEC-treated ventilated lambs. Ventilation-induced pulmonary leukocyte recruitment was greater in hAEC-treated lambs than in vehicle-treated lambs. Lung IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression was higher in vehicle- and hAEC-treated ventilated lambs than in controls but IL-8 mRNA levels were greater than control only in vehicle-treated ventilated lambs. Numbers of CD44+ and CD21+ lymphocytes and macrophages from the lungs were altered in vehicle- and hAEC-treated ventilated lambs. Numbers of CD8+ macrophages were lower in hAEC-treated ventilated lambs than in vehicle-treated ventilated lambs. Indices of systemic inflammation were not different between vehicle- and hAEC-treated lambs. Human amnion epithelial cells modulate the pulmonary inflammatory response to ventilation in preterm lambs, and reduce acute lung injury. Immunomodulatory effects of hAECs reduce lung injury in preterm neonates and may protect against longer-term respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Courtney A. McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J. Bischof
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Graeme R. Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M. Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Moss
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Tan JL, Tan YZ, Muljadi R, Chan ST, Lau SN, Mockler JC, Wallace EM, Lim R. Amnion Epithelial Cells Promote Lung Repair via Lipoxin A 4. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:1085-1095. [PMID: 28371562 PMCID: PMC5442827 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) have been shown to possess potent immunomodulatory properties across a number of disease models. Recently, we reported that hAECs influence macrophage polarization and activity, and that this step was dependent on regulatory T cells. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of hAEC-derived proresolution lipoxin-A4 (LXA4) on T-cell, macrophage, and neutrophil phenotype and function during the acute phase of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Using C57Bl6 mice, we administered 4 million hAECs intraperitoneally 24 hours after bleomycin challenge. Outcomes were measured at days 3, 5, and 7. hAEC administration resulted in significant changes to T-cell, macrophage, dendritic cell, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration and phenotypes. Endogenous levels of lipoxygenases, LXA4, and the lipoxin receptor FPR2 were elevated in hAEC-treated animals. Furthermore, we showed that the effects of hAECs on macrophage phagocytic activity and T-cell suppression are LXA4 dependent, whereas the inhibition of neutrophil-derived myleoperoxidase by hAECs is independent of LXA4. This study provides the first evidence that lipid-based mediators contribute to the immunomodulatory effects of hAECs and further supports the growing body of evidence that LXA4 is proresolutionary in lung injury. This discovery of LXA4-dependent communication between hAECs, macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils is important to the understanding of hAEC biodynamics and would be expected to inform future clinical applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1085-1095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean L. Tan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Z. Tan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Muljadi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siow T. Chan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sin N. Lau
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne C. Mockler
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M. Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Skardal A, Murphy SV, Crowell K, Mack D, Atala A, Soker S. A tunable hydrogel system for long-term release of cell-secreted cytokines and bioprinted in situ wound cell delivery. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1986-2000. [PMID: 27351939 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For many cellular therapies being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials, the mechanisms behind their therapeutic effects appear to be the secretion of growth factors and cytokines, also known as paracrine activity. Often, delivered cells are transient, and half-lives of the growth factors that they secrete are short, limiting their long-term effectiveness. The goal of this study was to optimize a hydrogel system capable of in situ cell delivery that could sequester and release growth factors secreted from those cells after the cells were no longer present. Here, we demonstrate the use of a fast photocross-linkable heparin-conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA-HP) hydrogel as a cell delivery vehicle for sustained growth factor release, which extends paracrine activity. The hydrogel could be modulated through cross-linking geometries and heparinization to support sustained release proteins and heparin-binding growth factors. To test the hydrogel in vivo, we used it to deliver amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells, which are known to secrete cytokines and growth factors, in full thickness skin wounds in a nu/nu murine model. Despite transience of the AFS cells in vivo, the HA-HP hydrogel with AFS cells improved wound closure and reepithelialization and increased vascularization and production of extracellular matrix in vivo. These results suggest that HA-HP hydrogel has the potential to prolong the paracrine activity of cells, thereby increasing their therapeutic effectiveness in wound healing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1986-2000, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn Crowell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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8
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Niclis JC, Murphy SV, Parkinson DY, Zedan A, Sathananthan AH, Cram DS, Heraud P. Three-dimensional imaging of human stem cells using soft X-ray tomography. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:20150252. [PMID: 26063819 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional imaging of human stem cells using transmission soft X-ray tomography (SXT) is presented for the first time. Major organelle types--nuclei, nucleoli, mitochondria, lysosomes and vesicles--were discriminated at approximately 50 nm spatial resolution without the use of contrast agents, on the basis of measured linear X-ray absorption coefficients and comparison of the size and shape of structures to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. In addition, SXT was used to visualize the distribution of a cell surface protein using gold-labelled antibody staining. We present the strengths of SXT, which include excellent spatial resolution (intermediate between that of TEM and light microscopy), the lack of the requirement for fixative or contrast agent that might perturb cellular morphology or produce imaging artefacts, and the ability to produce three-dimensional images of cells without microtome sectioning. Possible applications to studying the differentiation of human stem cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Niclis
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - S V Murphy
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - D Y Parkinson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Zedan
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A H Sathananthan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - D S Cram
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - P Heraud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Leibel S, Post M. Endogenous and Exogenous Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Lung and Their Role in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pediatric Lung Disease. Front Pediatr 2016; 4:36. [PMID: 27148506 PMCID: PMC4830813 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2016.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is a complex organ with a vast surface area whose main function is to release cellular waste to be exhaled and to replenish the supply of oxygen to the tissues of the body. The conduction of air from the external environment is not without risks, and the lung contains many specialized epithelial cell subtypes that are protecting the lung from foreign material and injury. Specialized cell subtypes are produced during lung development in the fetus as well as postnatally and injury to them due to genetic disease, premature birth, or postnatal environmental injury may lead to devastating disease. Chronic diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet successful interventions are often limited. Stem/progenitor cells have emerged as a potentially new preventative or therapeutic option. They are generally defined by the ability to undergo self-renewal and give rise to more differentiated cells. They are important in the early development of embryonic structures and organ differentiation in utero. Postnatally, they function in continued growth, maintenance, and regeneration. Clinically, the immunomodulatory properties of some classes of stem/progenitor cells avoid the major obstacle of immunological rejection seen in organ transplantation and other cell therapies. This review highlights some known human progenitor/stem cells and the most recent advances in stem cell therapies both in vivo and in vitro to prevent and treat pediatric lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Leibel
- Program of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martin Post
- Program of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Murphy SV, Hale A, Reid T, Olson J, Kidiyoor A, Tan J, Zhou Z, Jackson J, Atala A. Use of trimetasphere metallofullerene MRI contrast agent for the non-invasive longitudinal tracking of stem cells in the lung. Methods 2015; 99:99-111. [PMID: 26546729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a commonly used, non-invasive imaging technique that provides visualization of soft tissues with high spatial resolution. In both a research and clinical setting, the major challenge has been identifying a non-invasive and safe method for longitudinal tracking of delivered cells in vivo. The labeling and tracking of contrast agent labeled cells using MRI has the potential to fulfill this need. Contrast agents are often used to enhance the image contrast between the tissue of interest and surrounding tissues with MRI. The most commonly used MRI contrast agents contain Gd(III) ions. However, Gd(III) ions are highly toxic in their ionic form, as they tend to accumulate in the liver, spleen, kidney and bones and block calcium channels. Endohedral metallofullerenes such as trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes (Trimetasphere®) are one unique class of fullerene molecules where a Gd3N cluster is encapsulated inside a C80 carbon cage referred to as Gd3N@C80. These endohedral metallofullerenes have several advantages over small chelated Gd(III) complexes such as increased stability of the Gd(III) ion, minimal toxic effects, high solubility in water and high proton relativity. In this study, we describe the evaluation of gadolinium-based Trimetasphere® positive contrast agent for the in vitro labeling and in vivo tracking of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells within lung tissue. In addition, we conducted a 'proof-of-concept' experiment demonstrating that this methodology can be used to track the homing of stem cells to injured lung tissue and provide longitudinal analysis of cell localization over an extended time course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Austin Hale
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Tanya Reid
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - John Olson
- Center for Biomolecular Imaging, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Amritha Kidiyoor
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Josh Tan
- Center for Biomolecular Imaging, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Luna nanoWorks Division, Luna Innovations, Incorporated, Danville, VA 24541, USA.
| | - John Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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11
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Resca E, Zavatti M, Maraldi T, Bertoni L, Beretti F, Guida M, La Sala G, Guillot P, David A, Sebire N, De Pol A, De Coppi P. Enrichment in c-Kit improved differentiation potential of amniotic membrane progenitor/stem cells. Placenta 2015; 36:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Murphy SV, Kidyoor A, Reid T, Atala A, Wallace EM, Lim R. Isolation, cryopreservation and culture of human amnion epithelial cells for clinical applications. J Vis Exp 2014:52085. [PMID: 25548905 PMCID: PMC4356357 DOI: 10.3791/52085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) derived from term or pre-term amnion membranes have attracted attention from researchers and clinicians as a potential source of cells for regenerative medicine. The reason for this interest is evidence that these cells have highly multipotent differentiation ability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory functions. These properties have prompted researchers to investigate the potential of hAECs to be used to treat a variety of diseases and disorders in pre-clinical animal studies with much success. hAECs have found widespread application for the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. Potential clinical applications of hAECs include the treatment of stroke, multiple sclerosis, liver disease, diabetes and chronic and acute lung diseases. Progressing from pre-clinical animal studies into clinical trials requires a higher standard of quality control and safety for cell therapy products. For safety and quality control considerations, it is preferred that cell isolation protocols use animal product-free reagents. We have developed protocols to allow researchers to isolate, cryopreserve and culture hAECs using animal product-free reagents. The advantage of this method is that these cells can be isolated, characterized, cryopreserved and cultured without the risk of delivering potentially harmful animal pathogens to humans, while maintaining suitable cell yields, viabilities and growth potential. For researchers moving from pre-clinical animal studies to clinical trials, these methodologies will greatly accelerate regulatory approval, decrease risks and improve the quality of their therapeutic cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences;
| | - Amritha Kidyoor
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences
| | - Tanya Reid
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University
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McDonald CA, Melville JM, Polglase GR, Jenkin G, Moss TJM. Maintenance of human amnion epithelial cell phenotype in pulmonary surfactant. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:107. [PMID: 25189170 PMCID: PMC4169816 DOI: 10.1186/scrt495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preterm newborns often require mechanical respiratory support that can result in ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), despite exogenous surfactant treatment. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) reduce lung inflammation and resultant abnormal lung development in preterm animals; co-administration with surfactant is a potential therapeutic strategy. We aimed to determine whether hAECs remain viable and maintain function after combination with surfactant. Methods hAECs were incubated in surfactant (Curosurf) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cell viability, phenotype (by flow cytometry), inhibition of T-cell proliferative responses and differentiation into lung epithelium-like cells (assessed with immunohistochemical staining of surfactant protein (SP)-A) were investigated. Results Cell viability and apoptosis of hAECs were not altered by surfactant, and hAEC phenotype was not altered. hAECs maintained expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC after surfactant exposure. Expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 was not increased. Immunosuppression of T cells by hAECs was not altered by surfactant. hAEC differentiation into lung epithelium-like cells was equivalent after exposure to PBS or surfactant, and SP-A expression was equivalent. Conclusion Surfactant exposure does not alter viability or function of hAECs. Thus a combination therapy of hAECs and surfactant may be an efficacious therapy to ameliorate or prevent preterm lung disease.
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Stem cells, cell therapies, and bioengineering in lung biology and diseases. Comprehensive review of the recent literature 2010-2012. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 10:S45-97. [PMID: 23869446 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201304-090aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A conference, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases," was held July 25 to 28, 2011 at the University of Vermont to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy and ex vivo bioengineering approaches for lung diseases. These are rapidly expanding areas of study that provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, to discuss and debate current controversies, and to identify future research directions and opportunities for basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases. The goal of this article, which accompanies the formal conference report, is to provide a comprehensive review of the published literature in lung regenerative medicine from the last conference report through December 2012.
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Carbone A, Castellani S, Favia M, Diana A, Paracchini V, Di Gioia S, Seia M, Casavola V, Colombo C, Conese M. Correction of defective CFTR/ENaC function and tightness of cystic fibrosis airway epithelium by amniotic mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1631-43. [PMID: 24894806 PMCID: PMC4190909 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, with most of the mortality given by the lung disease. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (hAMSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine in the field of lung disease; however, their potential as therapeutics for CF lung disease has not been fully explored. In the present study, hAMSCs were analysed in co-cultures on Transwell filters with CF immortalized airway epithelial cells (CFBE41o- line) at different ratios to exploit their potency to resume basic defects associated with CF. The results show that F-actin content was increased in co-cultures as compared with CF cells and actin was reorganized to form stress fibres. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that co-cultures had a tendency of increased expression of occludin and ZO-1 at the intercellular borders, paralleled by a decrease in dextran permeability, suggestive of more organized tight junctions (TJs). Spectrofluorometric analysis of CFTR function demonstrated that hAMSC-CFBE co-cultures resumed chloride transport, in line with the appearance of the mature Band C of CFTR protein by Western blotting. Moreover, hAMSC-CFBE co-cultures, at a 1:5 ratio, showed a decrease in fluid absorption, as opposed to CFBE cell monolayers that displayed a great rate of fluid resorption from the apical side. Our data show that human amniotic MSCs can be used in co-culture with CF respiratory epithelial cells to model their engraftment into the airways and have the potential to resume a tight epithelium with partial correction of the CF phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalucia Carbone
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Murphy SV, Atala A. Cell therapy for cystic fibrosis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:210-23. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean V. Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University Health Sciences; Winston-Salem NC USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University Health Sciences; Winston-Salem NC USA
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Abe Y, Marukawa R, Tsuru N, Sato M, Matsuda H, Sadakata H, Kameda T, Minegishi T. Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates activin a secretion from human amniotic epithelial cells. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:789012. [PMID: 23956746 PMCID: PMC3730212 DOI: 10.1155/2013/789012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A is involved in inflammation. The present study was performed to clarify if lipopolysaccharide, a component of Gram-negative bacteria, stimulates activin A secretion from human amniotic epithelial cells and to determine if activin A plays a role in amnionitis. Fetal membranes were obtained during elective cesarean sections performed in full-term pregnancies of patients without systemic disease, signs of premature delivery, or fetal complications. Amniotic epithelial cells were isolated by trypsinization. The activin A concentrations in the culture media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cell proliferation was assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. Amniotic epithelial cells secreted activin A in a cell density-dependent manner, and lipopolysaccharide (10 μ g/mL) enhanced the secretion at each cell density. Lipopolysaccharide (10-50 μ g/mL) also stimulated activin A secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Contrary to the effect of activin A secretion, lipopolysaccharide inhibited cell proliferation in amniotic epithelial cells. The present study suggests that lipopolysaccharide stimulation of activin A secretion may be a mechanism in the pathogenesis of amnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Abe
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
- *Yumiko Abe:
| | - Risa Marukawa
- Kuki General Hospital, Kuki, Saitama 346-0021, Japan
| | - Nami Tsuru
- Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-0835, Japan
| | - Maki Sato
- Yokota Maternity Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0031, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hisanobu Sadakata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kameda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Minegishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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