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Ding L, Oh S, Shrestha J, Lam A, Wang Y, Radfar P, Warkiani ME. Scaling up stem cell production: harnessing the potential of microfluidic devices. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108271. [PMID: 37844769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are specialised cells characterised by their unique ability to both self-renew and transform into a wide array of specialised cell types. The widespread interest in stem cells for regenerative medicine and cultivated meat has led to a significant demand for these cells in both research and practical applications. Despite the growing need for stem cell manufacturing, the industry faces significant obstacles, including high costs for equipment and maintenance, complicated operation, and low product quality and yield. Microfluidic technology presents a promising solution to the abovementioned challenges. As an innovative approach for manipulating liquids and cells within microchannels, microfluidics offers a plethora of advantages at an industrial scale. These benefits encompass low setup costs, ease of operation and multiplexing, minimal energy consumption, and the added advantage of being labour-free. This review presents a thorough examination of the prominent microfluidic technologies employed in stem cell research and explores their promising applications in the burgeoning stem cell industry. It thoroughly examines how microfluidics can enhance cell harvesting from tissue samples, facilitate mixing and cryopreservation, streamline microcarrier production, and efficiently conduct cell separation, purification, washing, and final cell formulation post-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Smart MCs Pty Ltd, Ultimo, Sydney, 2007, Australia.
| | - Steve Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alan Lam
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Yaqing Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Payar Radfar
- Smart MCs Pty Ltd, Ultimo, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia..
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2
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Islam MS, Chen X. Continuous CTC separation through a DEP-based contraction-expansion inertial microfluidic channel. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3341. [PMID: 36970770 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The efficient isolation of viable and intact circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood is critical for the genetic analysis of cancer cells, prediction of cancer progression, development of drugs, and evaluation of therapeutic treatments. While conventional cell separation devices utilize the size difference between CTCs and other blood cells, they fail to separate CTCs from white blood cells (WBCs) due to significant size overlap. To overcome this issue, we present a novel approach that combines curved contraction-expansion (CE) channels with dielectrophoresis (DEP) and inertial microfluidics to isolate CTCs from WBCs regardless of size overlap. This label-free and continuous separation method utilizes dielectric properties and size variation of cells for the separation of CTCs from WBCs. The results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid microfluidic channel can effectively isolate A549 CTCs from WBCs regardless of their size with a throughput of 300 μL/min, achieving a high separation distance of 233.4 μm at an applied voltage of 50 Vp-p . The proposed method allows for the modification of cell migration characteristics by controlling the number of CE sections of the channel, applied voltage, applied frequency, and flow rate. With its unique features of a single-stage separation, simple design, and tunability, the proposed method provides a promising alternative to the existing label-free cell separation techniques and may have a wide range of applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadiqul Islam
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, USA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, USA
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3
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Bányai A, Tóth EL, Varga M, Fürjes P. Geometry-Dependent Efficiency of Dean-Flow Affected Lateral Particle Focusing and Separation in Periodically Inhomogeneous Microfluidic Channels. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3474. [PMID: 35591164 PMCID: PMC9101020 DOI: 10.3390/s22093474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, inertial focusing phenomenon was investigated, which can be used as a passive method for sample preparation and target manipulation in case of particulate suspensions. Asymmetric channel geometry was designed to apply additional inertial forces besides lift forces to promote laterally ordered particles to achieve sheathless focusing or size-dependent sorting. The evolving hydrodynamic forces were tailored with altered channel parameters (width and height), and different flow rates, to get a better understanding of smaller beads' lateral migration. Fluorescent beads (with the diameter of 4.8 µm and 15.8 µm) were used to distinguish the focusing position in continuous flow, and experimental results were compared to in silico models for particle movement prediction, made in COMSOL Multiphysics. The focusing behaviour of the applied microfluidic system was mainly characterised for particle size in the range close to blood cells and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bányai
- Microsystems Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, ELKH, Konkoly Thege Miklós Str. 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.L.T.); (P.F.)
- 77 Elektronika Ltd., Fehérvári Str. 98, XI., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
- Doctoral School on Materials Sciences and Technologies, Óbuda University, Bécsi Str. 96/B, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Leelőssyné Tóth
- Microsystems Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, ELKH, Konkoly Thege Miklós Str. 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.L.T.); (P.F.)
| | - Máté Varga
- 77 Elektronika Ltd., Fehérvári Str. 98, XI., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Fürjes
- Microsystems Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, ELKH, Konkoly Thege Miklós Str. 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.L.T.); (P.F.)
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4
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Tang H, Niu J, Jin H, Lin S, Cui D. Geometric structure design of passive label-free microfluidic systems for biological micro-object separation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:62. [PMID: 35685963 PMCID: PMC9170746 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Passive and label-free microfluidic devices have no complex external accessories or detection-interfering label particles. These devices are now widely used in medical and bioresearch applications, including cell focusing and cell separation. Geometric structure plays the most essential role when designing a passive and label-free microfluidic chip. An exquisitely designed geometric structure can change particle trajectories and improve chip performance. However, the geometric design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics have not been comprehensively acknowledged. Here, we review the geometric innovations of several microfluidic schemes, including deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics (IMF), and viscoelastic microfluidics (VEM), and summarize the most creative innovations and design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics. We aim to provide a guideline for researchers who have an interest in geometric innovations of passive label-free microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Shujing Lin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
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5
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Stone NE, Voigt AP, Mullins RF, Sulchek T, Tucker BA. Microfluidic processing of stem cells for autologous cell replacement. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1384-1393. [PMID: 34156760 PMCID: PMC8459636 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous photoreceptor cell replacement is one of the most promising approaches currently under development for the treatment of inherited retinal degenerative blindness. Unlike endogenous stem cell populations, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into both rod and cone photoreceptors in high numbers, making them ideal for this application. That said, in addition to photoreceptor cells, state of the art retinal differentiation protocols give rise to all of the different cell types of the normal retina, the majority of which are not required and may in fact hinder successful photoreceptor cell replacement. As such, following differentiation photoreceptor cell enrichment will likely be required. In addition, to prevent the newly generated photoreceptor cells from suffering the same fate as the patient's original cells, correction of the patient's disease-causing genetic mutations will be necessary. In this review we discuss literature pertaining to the use of different cell sorting and transfection approaches with a focus on the development and use of novel next generation microfluidic devices. We will discuss how gold standard strategies have been used, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and how novel microfluidic platforms can be incorporated into the clinical manufacturing pipeline to reduce the complexity, cost, and regulatory burden associated with clinical grade production of photoreceptor cells for autologous cell replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Stone
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Andrew P. Voigt
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Robert F. Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Budd A. Tucker
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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6
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Stone NE, Raj A, Young KM, DeLuca AP, Chrit FE, Tucker BA, Alexeev A, McDonald J, Benigno BB, Sulchek T. Label-free microfluidic enrichment of cancer cells from non-cancer cells in ascites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18032. [PMID: 34504124 PMCID: PMC8429413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of a patient's metastatic cancer cells is the first, enabling step toward treatment of that patient using modern personalized medicine techniques. Whereas traditional standard-of-care approaches select treatments for cancer patients based on the histological classification of cancerous tissue at the time of diagnosis, personalized medicine techniques leverage molecular and functional analysis of a patient's own cancer cells to select treatments with the highest likelihood of being effective. Unfortunately, the pure populations of cancer cells required for these analyses can be difficult to acquire, given that metastatic cancer cells typically reside in fluid containing many different cell populations. Detection and analyses of cancer cells therefore require separation from these contaminating cells. Conventional cell sorting approaches such as Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting or Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting rely on the presence of distinct surface markers on cells of interest which may not be known nor exist for cancer applications. In this work, we present a microfluidic platform capable of label-free enrichment of tumor cells from the ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients. This approach sorts cells based on differences in biomechanical properties, and therefore does not require any labeling or other pre-sort interference with the cells. The method is also useful in the cases when specific surface markers do not exist for cells of interest. In model ovarian cancer cell lines, the method was used to separate invasive subtypes from less invasive subtypes with an enrichment of ~ sixfold. In ascites specimens from ovarian cancer patients, we found the enrichment protocol resulted in an improved purity of P53 mutant cells indicative of the presence of ovarian cancer cells. We believe that this technology could enable the application of personalized medicine based on analysis of liquid biopsy patient specimens, such as ascites from ovarian cancer patients, for quick evaluation of metastatic disease progression and determination of patient-specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Stone
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Abhishek Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801103, India
| | - Katherine M Young
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
| | - Adam P DeLuca
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Fatima Ezahra Chrit
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alexander Alexeev
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - John McDonald
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
| | | | - Todd Sulchek
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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7
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Ling FW, Heidarinik S, Abdulbari HA. Polymer-surfactant complexes effect on the flow in microchannels: an experimental approach. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1764944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona W.M Ling
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Somaye Heidarinik
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hayder A. Abdulbari
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
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8
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Huang D, Man J, Jiang D, Zhao J, Xiang N. Inertial microfluidics: Recent advances. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2166-2187. [PMID: 33027533 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Inertial microfluidics has attracted significant attentions in last decade due to its superior advantages of high throughput, label- and external field-free operation, simplicity, and low cost. A wide variety of channel geometry designs were demonstrated for focusing, concentrating, isolating, or separating of various bioparticles such as blood components, circulating tumor cells, bacteria, and microalgae. In this review, we first briefly introduce the physics of inertial migration and Dean flow for allowing the readers with diverse backgrounds to have a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of inertial microfluidics. Then, we present a comprehensive review of the recent advances and applications of inertial microfluidic devices according to different channel geometries ranging from straight channels, curved channels to contraction-expansion-array channels. Finally, the challenges and future perspective of inertial microfluidics are discussed. Owing to its superior benefit for particle manipulation, the inertial microfluidics will play a more important role in biology and medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Mining Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Man
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Mining Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiyun Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Mining Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Lu X, Chow JJM, Koo SH, Tan TY, Jiang B, Ai Y. Enhanced Molecular Diagnosis of Bloodstream Candida Infection with Size-Based Inertial Sorting at Submicron Resolution. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15579-15586. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Lu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore
| | - Joycelyn Jia Ming Chow
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore
| | - Seok Hwee Koo
- Clinical Trials & Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, 529889 Singapore
| | - Thean Yen Tan
- Clinical Trials & Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, 529889 Singapore
| | - Boran Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 529889 Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore
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10
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Tang W, Zhu S, Jiang D, Zhu L, Yang J, Xiang N. Channel innovations for inertial microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3485-3502. [PMID: 32910129 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Inertial microfluidics has gained significant attention since first being proposed in 2007 owing to the advantages of simplicity, high throughput, precise manipulation, and freedom from an external field. Superior performance in particle focusing, filtering, concentrating, and separating has been demonstrated. As a passive technology, inertial microfluidics technology relies on the unconventional use of fluid inertia in an intermediate Reynolds number range to induce inertial migration and secondary flow, which depend directly on the channel structure, leading to particle migration to the lateral equilibrium position or trapping in a specific cavity. With the advances in micromachining technology, many channel structures have been designed and fabricated in the past decade to explore the fundamentals and applications of inertial microfluidics. However, the channel innovations for inertial microfluidics have not been discussed comprehensively. In this review, the inertial particle manipulations and underlying physics in conventional channels, including straight, spiral, sinusoidal, and expansion-contraction channels, are briefly described. Then, recent innovations in channel structure for inertial microfluidics, especially channel pattern modification and unconventional cross-sectional shape, are reviewed. Finally, the prospects for future channel innovations in inertial microfluidic chips are also discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide guidance for the continued study of innovative channel designs to improve further the accuracy and throughput of inertial microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Tang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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11
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Stone NE, Voigt AP, Cooke JA, Giacalone JC, Hanasoge S, Mullins RF, Tucker BA, Sulchek T. Label-free microfluidic enrichment of photoreceptor cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 199:108166. [PMID: 32771499 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerative disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome are characterized by progressive death of photoreceptor cells. To restore vision to patients blinded by these diseases, a stem cell-based photoreceptor cell replacement strategy will likely be required. Although retinal stem cell differentiation protocols suitable for generating photoreceptor cells exist, they often yield a rather heterogenous mixture of cell types. To enrich the donor cell population for one or a few cell types, scientists have traditionally relied upon the use of antibody-based selection approaches. However, these strategies are quite labor intensive and require animal derived reagents and equipment that are not well suited to current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a microfluidic cell sorting device capable of exploiting the physical and mechanical differences between retinal cell types to enrich specific donor cell populations such as Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptor cells. Using this device, we were able to separate a mixture of RPE and iPSC-derived photoreceptor precursor cell lines into two substantially enriched fractions. The enrichment factor of the RPE fraction was 2 and that of the photoreceptor precursor cell fraction was 2.7. Similarly, when human retina, obtained from 3 independent donors, was dissociated and passed through the sorting device, the heterogeneous mixture could be reliably sorted into RPE and photoreceptor cell rich fractions. In summary, microfluidic cell sorting is a promising approach for antibody free enrichment of retinal cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Stone
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Andrew P Voigt
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jessica A Cooke
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Joseph C Giacalone
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Srinivas Hanasoge
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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12
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Guzniczak E, Otto O, Whyte G, Chandra T, Robertson NA, Willoughby N, Jimenez M, Bridle H. Purifying stem cell-derived red blood cells: a high-throughput label-free downstream processing strategy based on microfluidic spiral inertial separation and membrane filtration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2032-2045. [PMID: 32100873 PMCID: PMC7383897 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics, such as in vitro manufactured red blood cells (mRBCs), are different to traditional biopharmaceutical products (the final product being the cells themselves as opposed to biological molecules such as proteins) and that presents a challenge of developing new robust and economically feasible manufacturing processes, especially for sample purification. Current purification technologies have limited throughput, rely on expensive fluorescent or magnetic immunolabeling with a significant (up to 70%) cell loss and quality impairment. To address this challenge, previously characterized mechanical properties of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells undergoing in vitro erythropoiesis were used to develop an mRBC purification strategy. The approach consists of two main stages: (a) a microfluidic separation using inertial focusing for deformability-based sorting of enucleated cells (mRBC) from nuclei and nucleated cells resulting in 70% purity and (b) membrane filtration to enhance the purity to 99%. Herein, we propose a new route for high-throughput (processing millions of cells/min and mls of medium/min) purification process for mRBC, leading to high mRBC purity while maintaining cell integrity and no alterations in their global gene expression profile. Further adaption of this separation approach offers a potential route for processing of a wide range of cellular products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Guzniczak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Oliver Otto
- Centre for Innovation Competence - Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Neil A Robertson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Nik Willoughby
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Melanie Jimenez
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Helen Bridle
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Volpe A, Gaudiuso C, Ancona A. Sorting of Particles Using Inertial Focusing and Laminar Vortex Technology: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E594. [PMID: 31510006 PMCID: PMC6780945 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The capability of isolating and sorting specific types of cells is crucial in life science, particularly for the early diagnosis of lethal diseases and monitoring of medical treatments. Among all the micro-fluidics techniques for cell sorting, inertial focusing combined with the laminar vortex technology is a powerful method to isolate cells from flowing samples in an efficient manner. This label-free method does not require any external force to be applied, and allows high throughput and continuous sample separation, thus offering a high filtration efficiency over a wide range of particle sizes. Although rather recent, this technology and its applications are rapidly growing, thanks to the development of new chip designs, the employment of new materials and microfabrication technologies. In this review, a comprehensive overview is provided on the most relevant works which employ inertial focusing and laminar vortex technology to sort particles. After briefly summarizing the other cells sorting techniques, highlighting their limitations, the physical mechanisms involved in particle trapping and sorting are described. Then, the materials and microfabrication methods used to implement this technology on miniaturized devices are illustrated. The most relevant evolution steps in the chips design are discussed, and their performances critically analyzed to suggest future developments of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Volpe
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via G. Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy.
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Caterina Gaudiuso
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via G. Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Ancona
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Assessment of Lagrangian Modeling of Particle Motion in a Spiral Microchannel for Inertial Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9090433. [PMID: 30424366 PMCID: PMC6187282 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inertial microfluidics is a promising tool for a label-free particle manipulation for microfluidics technology. It can be utilized for particle separation based on size and shape, as well as focusing of particles. Prediction of particles’ trajectories is essential for the design of inertial microfluidic devices. At this point, numerical modeling is an important tool to understand the underlying physics and assess the performance of devices. A Monte Carlo-type computational model based on a Lagrangian discrete phase model is developed to simulate the particle trajectories in a spiral microchannel for inertial microfluidics. The continuous phase (flow field) is solved without the presence of a discrete phase (particles) using COMSOL Multi-physics. Once the flow field is obtained, the trajectory of particles is determined in the post-processing step via the COMSOL-MATLAB interface. To resemble the operation condition of the device, the random inlet position of the particles, many particles are simulated with random initial locations from the inlet of the microchannel. The applicability of different models for the inertial forces is discussed. The computational model is verified with experimental results from the literature. Different cases in a spiral channel with aspect ratios of 2.0 and 9.0 are simulated. The simulation results for the spiral channel with an aspect ratio of 9.0 are compared against the experimental data. The results reveal that despite certain limitations of our model, the current computational model satisfactorily predicts the location and the width of the focusing streams.
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Abstract
Inertial Microfluidics offer a high throughput, label-free, easy to design, and cost-effective solutions, and are a promising technique based on hydrodynamic forces (passive techniques) instead of external ones, which can be employed in the lab-on-a-chip and micro-total-analysis-systems for the focusing, manipulation, and separation of microparticles in chemical and biomedical applications. The current study focuses on the focusing behavior of the microparticles in an asymmetric curvilinear microchannel with curvature angle of 280°. For this purpose, the focusing behavior of the microparticles with three different diameters, representing cells with different sizes in the microchannel, was experimentally studied at flow rates from 400 to 2700 µL/min. In this regard, the width and position of the focusing band are carefully recorded for all of the particles in all of the flow rates. Moreover, the distance between the binary combinations of the microparticles is reported for each flow rate, along with the Reynolds number corresponding to the largest distances. Furthermore, the results of this study are compared with those of the microchannel with the same curvature angle but having a symmetric geometry. The microchannel proposed in this study can be used or further modified for cell separation applications.
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Labriola NR, Azagury A, Gutierrez R, Mathiowitz E, Darling EM. Concise Review: Fabrication, Customization, and Application of Cell Mimicking Microparticles in Stem Cell Science. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:232-240. [PMID: 29316362 PMCID: PMC5788880 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem and non-stem cell behavior is heavily influenced by the surrounding microenvironment, which includes other cells, matrix, and potentially biomaterials. Researchers have been successful in developing scaffolds and encapsulation techniques to provide stem cells with mechanical, topographical, and chemical cues to selectively direct them toward a desired differentiation pathway. However, most of these systems fail to present truly physiological replications of the in vivo microenvironments that stem cells are typically exposed to in tissues. Thus, cell mimicking microparticles (CMMPs) have been developed to more accurately recapitulate the properties of surrounding cells while still offering ways to tailor what stimuli are presented. This nascent field holds the promise of reducing, or even eliminating, the need for live cells in select, regenerative medicine therapies, and diagnostic applications. Recent, CMMP-based studies show great promise for the technology, yet only reproduce a small subset of cellular characteristics from among those possible: size, morphology, topography, mechanical properties, surface molecules, and tailored chemical release to name the most prominent. This Review summarizes the strengths, weaknesses, and ideal applications of micro/nanoparticle fabrication and customization methods relevant to cell mimicking and provides an outlook on the future of this technology. Moving forward, researchers should seek to combine multiple techniques to yield CMMPs that replicate as many cellular characteristics as possible, with an emphasis on those that most strongly influence the desired therapeutic effects. The level of flexibility in customizing CMMP properties allows them to substitute for cells in a variety of regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and diagnostic systems. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:232-240.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aharon Azagury
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyPhysiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Robert Gutierrez
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Edith Mathiowitz
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyPhysiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Eric M. Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyPhysiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of OrthopaedicsBrown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
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Zhao Q, Yan S, Yuan D, Zhang J, Du H, Alici G, Li W. Double-Mode Microparticle Manipulation by Tunable Secondary Flow in Microchannel With Arc-Shaped Groove Arrays. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2017; 11:1406-1412. [PMID: 28809710 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2017.2722012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we proposed a microparticle manipulation approach, by which particles are able to be guided to different equilibrium positions through modulating the Reynolds number. In the microchannel with arc-shaped groove arrays, secondary flow vortex arisen due to the pressure gradient varies in the aspects of both magnitude and shape with the increase of Reynolds number. And the variation of secondary flow vortex brings about different focusing modes of microparticles in the microchannel. We investigated the focusing phenomenon experimentally and analyzed the mechanism through numerical simulations. At a high Reynolds number (Re = 127.27), the geometry-induced secondary flow rotates constantly along a direction, and most particles are guided to the equilibrium position near one side of the microchannel. However, at a low Reynolds number (Re = 2.39), the shapes of geometry-induced secondary flow vortices are obviously different, forming a variant Dean-like vortex that consists of two asymmetric counter-rotating streams in cross sections of the straight channel. Because of the periodical effects, suspended particles are concentrated at another equilibrium position on the opposite side of the microchannel. Meanwhile, the effects of particle size influence both the focusing position and quality in regimes.
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Inertial Microfluidics: Mechanisms and Applications. ADVANCED MECHATRONICS AND MEMS DEVICES II 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32180-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Xavier M, Oreffo ROC, Morgan H. Skeletal stem cell isolation: A review on the state-of-the-art microfluidic label-free sorting techniques. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:908-923. [PMID: 27236022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSC) are a sub-population of bone marrow stromal cells that reside in postnatal bone marrow with osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. SSCs reside only in the bone marrow and have organisational and regulatory functions in the bone marrow microenvironment and give rise to the haematopoiesis-supportive stroma. Their differentiation capacity is restricted to skeletal lineages and therefore the term SSC should be clearly distinguished from mesenchymal stem cells which are reported to exist in extra-skeletal tissues and, critically, do not contribute to skeletal development. SSCs are responsible for the unique regeneration capacity of bone and offer unlimited potential for application in bone regenerative therapies. A current unmet challenge is the isolation of homogeneous populations of SSCs, in vitro, with homogeneous regeneration and differentiation capacities. Challenges that limit SSC isolation include a) the scarcity of SSCs in bone marrow aspirates, estimated at between 1 in 10-100,000 mononuclear cells; b) the absence of specific markers and thus the phenotypic ambiguity of the SSC and c) the complexity of bone marrow tissue. Microfluidics provides innovative approaches for cell separation based on bio-physical features of single cells. Here we review the physical principles underlying label-free microfluidic sorting techniques and review their capacity for stem cell selection/sorting from complex (heterogeneous) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Xavier
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.; Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom..
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom..
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom..
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Zhang J, Yan S, Yuan D, Alici G, Nguyen NT, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Li W. Fundamentals and applications of inertial microfluidics: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:10-34. [PMID: 26584257 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01159k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, inertial microfluidics has attracted significant attention and a wide variety of channel designs that focus, concentrate and separate particles and fluids have been demonstrated. In contrast to conventional microfluidic technologies, where fluid inertia is negligible and flow remains almost within the Stokes flow region with very low Reynolds number (Re ≪ 1), inertial microfluidics works in the intermediate Reynolds number range (~1 < Re < ~100) between Stokes and turbulent regimes. In this intermediate range, both inertia and fluid viscosity are finite and bring about several intriguing effects that form the basis of inertial microfluidics including (i) inertial migration and (ii) secondary flow. Due to the superior features of high-throughput, simplicity, precise manipulation and low cost, inertial microfluidics is a very promising candidate for cellular sample processing, especially for samples with low abundant targets. In this review, we first discuss the fundamental kinematics of particles in microchannels to familiarise readers with the mechanisms and underlying physics in inertial microfluidic systems. We then present a comprehensive review of recent developments and key applications of inertial microfluidic systems according to their microchannel structures. Finally, we discuss the perspective of employing fluid inertia in microfluidics for particle manipulation. Due to the superior benefits of inertial microfluidics, this promising technology will still be an attractive topic in the near future, with more novel designs and further applications in biology, medicine and industry on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gursel Alici
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Chung AJ, Hur SC. High-Speed Microfluidic Manipulation of Cells. ADVANCED MICRO AND NANOSYSTEMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527690237.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ganz KR, Clime L, Farber JM, Corneau N, Veres T, Dixon BR. Enhancing the Detection of Giardia duodenalis Cysts in Foods by Inertial Microfluidic Separation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3925-33. [PMID: 25841016 PMCID: PMC4524145 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03868-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity and specificity of current Giardia cyst detection methods for foods are largely determined by the effectiveness of the elution, separation, and concentration methods used. The aim of these methods is to produce a final suspension with an adequate concentration of Giardia cysts for detection and a low concentration of interfering food debris. In the present study, a microfluidic device, which makes use of inertial separation, was designed and fabricated for the separation of Giardia cysts. A cyclical pumping platform and protocol was developed to concentrate 10-ml suspensions down to less than 1 ml. Tests involving Giardia duodenalis cysts and 1.90-μm microbeads in pure suspensions demonstrated the specificity of the microfluidic chip for cysts over smaller nonspecific particles. As the suspension cycled through the chip, a large number of beads were removed (70%) and the majority of the cysts were concentrated (82%). Subsequently, the microfluidic inertial separation chip was integrated into a method for the detection of G. duodenalis cysts from lettuce samples. The method greatly reduced the concentration of background debris in the final suspensions (10-fold reduction) in comparison to that obtained by a conventional method. The method also recovered an average of 68.4% of cysts from 25-g lettuce samples and had a limit of detection (LOD) of 38 cysts. While the recovery of cysts by inertial separation was slightly lower, and the LOD slightly higher, than with the conventional method, the sample analysis time was greatly reduced, as there were far fewer background food particles interfering with the detection of cysts by immunofluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Ganz
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liviu Clime
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Farber
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathalie Corneau
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teodor Veres
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brent R Dixon
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang J, Yan S, Li W, Alici G, Nguyen NT. High throughput extraction of plasma using a secondary flow-aided inertial microfluidic device. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Geislinger TM, Franke T. Hydrodynamic lift of vesicles and red blood cells in flow--from Fåhræus & Lindqvist to microfluidic cell sorting. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 208:161-76. [PMID: 24674656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic lift forces acting on cells and particles in fluid flow receive ongoing attention from medicine, mathematics, physics and engineering. The early findings of Fåhræus & Lindqvist on the viscosity change of blood with the diameter of capillaries motivated extensive studies both experimentally and theoretically to illuminate the underlying physics. We review this historical development that led to the discovery of the inertial and non-inertial lift forces and elucidate the origins of these forces that are still not entirely clear. Exploiting microfluidic techniques induced a tremendous amount of new insights especially into the more complex interactions between the flow field and deformable objects like vesicles or red blood cells. We trace the way from the investigation of single cell dynamics to the recent developments of microfluidic techniques for particle and cell sorting using hydrodynamic forces. Such continuous and label-free on-chip cell sorting devices promise to revolutionize medical analyses for personalized point-of-care diagnosis. We present the state-of-the-art of different hydrodynamic lift-based techniques and discuss their advantages and limitations.
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Current trends in bone tissue engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:865270. [PMID: 24804256 PMCID: PMC3997160 DOI: 10.1155/2014/865270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of tissue engineering and regeneration constitutes a new platform for translational medical research. Effective therapies for bone engineering typically employ the coordinated manipulation of cells, biologically active signaling molecules, and biomimetic, biodegradable scaffolds. Bone tissue engineering has become increasingly dependent on the merging of innovations from each of these fields, as they continue to evolve independently. This foreword will highlight some of the most recent advances in bone tissue engineering and regeneration, emphasizing the interconnected fields of stem cell biology, cell signaling biology, and biomaterial research. These include, for example, novel methods for mesenchymal stem cell purification, new methods of Wnt signaling pathway manipulation, and cutting edge computer assisted nanoscale design of bone scaffold materials. In the following
special issue, we sought to incorporate these diverse areas of emphasis in order to reflect current trends in the field.
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Inertial particle separation by differential equilibrium positions in a symmetrical serpentine micro-channel. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4527. [PMID: 24681628 PMCID: PMC3970124 DOI: 10.1038/srep04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an inertial microfluidic device with a simple serpentine micro-channel to continuously separate particles with high performance. Separation of micro/nano-particles has a variety of potential applications in biomedicine and industry. Among the existing separation technologies, a label-free technique without the use of antibody affinity, filter or centrifugation is highly desired to ensure minimal damage and alteration to the cells. Inertial microfluidics utilising hydrodynamic forces to separate particles is one of the most suitable label-free technologies with a high throughput. Our separation concept relies on size-based differential equilibrium positions of the particles perpendicular to the flow. Highly efficient separation is demonstrated with particles of different sizes. The results indicate that the proposed device has an integrative advantage to the existing microfluidic separation techniques, taking accounts of purity, efficiency, parallelizability, footprint, throughput and resolution. Our device is expected to be a good alternative to conventional separation methods for sample preparation and clinical diagnosis.
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Culbertson CT, Mickleburgh TG, Stewart-James SA, Sellens KA, Pressnall M. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and biological applications. Anal Chem 2014; 86:95-118. [PMID: 24274655 PMCID: PMC3951881 DOI: 10.1021/ac403688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom G. Mickleburgh
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | | | - Kathleen A. Sellens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Melissa Pressnall
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Bongiorno T, Kazlow J, Mezencev R, Griffiths S, Olivares-Navarrete R, McDonald JF, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD, McDevitt TC, Sulchek T. Mechanical stiffness as an improved single-cell indicator of osteoblastic human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. J Biomech 2013; 47:2197-204. [PMID: 24296276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been established that cellular stiffness can change as a stem cell differentiates, the precise relationship between cell mechanics and other phenotypic properties remains unclear. Inherent cell heterogeneity and asynchronous differentiation complicate population analysis; therefore, single-cell analysis was employed to determine how changes in cell stiffness correlate with changes in molecular biomarkers during differentiation. Design of a custom gridded tissue culture dish facilitated single-cell comparisons between cell mechanics and other differentiation biomarkers by enabling sequential measurement of cell mechanics and protein biomarker expression at the single cell level. The Young's modulus of mesenchymal stem cells was shown not only to decrease during chemically-induced osteoblast differentiation, but also to correlate more closely with the day of differentiation than did the relative expression of the traditional osteoblast differentiation markers, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin. Therefore, cell stiffness, a measurable property of individual cells, may serve as an improved indicator of single-cell osteoblast differentiation compared to traditional biological markers. Revelation of additional osteoblast differentiation indicators, such as cell stiffness, can improve identification and collection of starting cell populations, with applications to mesenchymal stem cell therapies and stem cell-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bongiorno
- The G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob Kazlow
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roman Mezencev
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Griffiths
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - John F McDonald
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- The G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Abstract
Cellular separations are required in many contexts in biochemical and biomedical applications for the identification, isolation, and analysis of phenotypes or samples of interest. Microfluidics is uniquely suited for handling biological samples, and emerging technologies have become increasingly accessible tools for researchers and clinicians. Here, we review advances in the last few years in techniques for microfluidic cell separation and manipulation. Applications such as high-throughput cell and organism phenotypic screening, purification of heterogeneous stem cell populations, separation of blood components, and isolation of rare cells in patients highlight some of the areas in which these technologies show great potential. Continued advances in separation mechanisms and understanding of cellular systems will yield further improvements in the throughput, resolution, and robustness of techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Jackson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
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Abstract
The isolation and sorting of cells has become an increasingly important step in chemical and biological analyses. As a unit operation in more complex analyses, isolating a phenotypically pure cell population from a heterogeneous sample presents unique challenges. Microfluidic systems are ideal platforms for performing cell separations, enabling integration with other techniques and enhancing traditional separation modalities. In recent years there have been several techniques that use surface antigen affinity, physical interactions, or a combination of the two to achieve high separation purity and efficiency. This review discusses methods including magnetophoretic, acoustophoretic, sedimentation, electric, and hydrodynamic methods for physical separations. We also discuss affinity methods, including magnetic sorting, flow sorting, and affinity capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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