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Smirnov A, Magri A, Lotz R, Han X, Yin C, Harris M, Osterburg C, Dötsch V, McKeating JA, Lu X. ASPP2 binds to hepatitis C virus NS5A protein via an SH3 domain/PxxP motif-mediated interaction and potentiates infection. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:10.1099/jgv.0.001895. [PMID: 37750869 PMCID: PMC7615710 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of liver disease. Despite recent advances in antiviral therapies, viral resistance can limit drug efficacy and understanding the mechanisms that confer viral escape is important. We employ an unbiased interactome analysis to discover host binding partners of the HCV non-structural protein 5A (NS5A), a key player in viral replication and assembly. We identify ASPP2, apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53, as a new host co-factor that binds NS5A via its SH3 domain. Importantly, silencing ASPP2 reduces viral replication and spread. Our study uncovers a previously unknown role for ASPP2 to potentiate HCV RNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Smirnov
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Lotz
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xiaoyue Han
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Chunhong Yin
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Miyamoto D, Takeuchi K, Chihara K, Fujieda S, Sada K. Protein tyrosine kinase Abl promotes hepatitis C virus particle assembly via interaction with viral substrate activator NS5A. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101804. [PMID: 35257746 PMCID: PMC8980994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that knockdown of Abl protein tyrosine kinase by shRNA or pharmacological inhibition suppresses particle assembly of J6/JFH1 strain–derived hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Huh-7.5 cells. However, the detailed mechanism by which Abl regulates HCV replication remained unclear. In this study, we established Abl-deficient (Abl−) cells through genome editing and compared HCV production between Abl− cells expressing WT or kinase-dead Abl and parental Huh-7.5 cells. Our findings revealed that Abl expression was not required from the stages of virus attachment and entry to viral gene expression; however, the kinase activity of Abl was necessary for the assembly of HCV particles. Reconstitution experiments using human embryonic kidney 293T cells revealed that phosphorylation of Tyr412 in the activation loop of Abl was enhanced by coexpression with the viral nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and was abrogated by the substitution of NS5A Tyr330 with Phe (Y330F), suggesting that NS5A functions as a substrate activator of Abl. Abl–NS5A association was also attenuated by the Y330F mutation of NS5A or the kinase-dead Abl, and Abl Tyr412 phosphorylation was not enhanced by NS5A bearing a mutation disabling homodimerization, although the association of Abl with NS5A was still observed. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Abl forms a phosphorylation-dependent complex with dimeric NS5A necessary for viral particle assembly, but that Abl is capable of complex formation with monomeric NS5A regardless of tyrosine phosphorylation. Our findings provide the foundation of a molecular basis for a new hepatitis C treatment strategy using Abl inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; Department of Genome Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Genome Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuyasu Chihara
- Department of Genome Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- Department of Genome Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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Li D, Wang X, Xu X, Gu J, Yang Y, Liu T, Wang S, Chen S, Li J. Duck Complement Factor H Binds to Outer Membrane Protein Omp24 of Riemerella anatipestifer. Avian Dis 2021; 65:261-268. [PMID: 34412457 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-65.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The resistance to serum complement-mediated killing is a vital virulence property of microbial pathogens. Complement factor H (FH) is a key negative regulator of the complement alternative pathway (AP) that prevents formation and accelerates the decay of AP C3 convertase and acts as a cofactor in the inactivation of C3b. Pathogens can recruit host FH through their surface proteins to escape the clearance of the complement system. Riemerella anatipestifer could also evade the complement system attack to achieve host infection, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the R. anatipestifer proteins that could interact with FH in host serum were screened and analyzed, and the functions were determined. Affinity chromatography with a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid Sefinose column and mass spectrometry identified three outer membrane proteins (Omp) of R. anatipestifer, Omp54, Omp53, and Omp24, as potential FH-binding proteins. We then successfully conducted the prokaryotic expression and polyclonal antibody preparation of three candidate proteins. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that three candidate proteins were all present in R. anatipestifer. The affinity blotting assay, anti-serum-inhibiting assay, and serum bactericidal assay presented evidence that Omp24 could bind FH. Moreover, FH bound to Omp24 was associated with resistance to the alternative pathway and functional for R. anatipestifer survival in the normal duck serum. These results suggested that R. anatipestifer Omp24 was a FH-binding protein and the interaction with FH blocked the alternative pathway. Recruitment of complement regulatory proteins may facilitate better R. anatipestifer resistance to this vital line of host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingsheng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiulong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchuan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihuai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China, .,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
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Klinker S, Stindt S, Gremer L, Bode JG, Gertzen CGW, Gohlke H, Weiergräber OH, Hoffmann S, Willbold D. Phosphorylated tyrosine 93 of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A is essential for interaction with host c-Src and efficient viral replication. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7388-7402. [PMID: 30862675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) plays a key role in viral replication and virion assembly, and the regulation of the assembly process critically depends on phosphorylation of both serine and threonine residues in NS5A. We previously identified SRC proto-oncogene, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (c-Src), as an essential host component of the HCV replication complex consisting of NS5A, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B, and c-Src. Pulldown assays revealed an interaction between NS5A and the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of c-Src; however, the precise binding mode remains undefined. In this study, using a variety of biochemical and biophysical techniques, along with molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the interaction between NS5A and the c-Src SH2 domain strictly depends on an intact phosphotyrosine-binding competent SH2 domain and on tyrosine phosphorylation within NS5A. Detailed analysis of c-Src SH2 domain binding to a panel of phosphorylation-deficient NS5A variants revealed that phosphorylation of Tyr-93 located within domain 1 of NS5A, but not of any other tyrosine residue, is crucial for complex formation. In line with these findings, effective replication of subgenomic HCV replicons as well as production of infectious virus particles in mammalian cell culture models were clearly dependent on the presence of tyrosine at position 93 of NS5A. These findings indicate that phosphorylated Tyr-93 in NS5A plays an important role during viral replication by facilitating NS5A's interaction with the SH2 domain of c-Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Klinker
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf
| | - Sabine Stindt
- the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf
| | - Lothar Gremer
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf.,the Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich
| | - Johannes G Bode
- the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- the Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich.,the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) and Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, and.,the Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- the Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich.,the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) and Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, and.,the Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver H Weiergräber
- the Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich
| | - Silke Hoffmann
- the Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich
| | - Dieter Willbold
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, .,the Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich
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Syk-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of 3BP2 is required for optimal FcRγ-mediated phagocytosis and chemokine expression in U937 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11480. [PMID: 28904407 PMCID: PMC5597638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein c-Abl SH3 domain binding protein-2 (3BP2) is tyrosine phosphorylated by Syk in response to cross-linking of antigen receptors, which in turn activates various immune responses. Recently, a study using the mouse model of cherubism, a dominant inherited disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding 3BP2, showed that 3BP2 is involved in the regulation of phagocytosis mediated by Fc receptor for IgG (FcγR) in macrophages. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying 3BP2-mediated regulation of phagocytosis and the physiological relevance of 3BP2 tyrosine phosphorylation remains elusive. In this study, we established various gene knockout U937 cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that 3BP2 is rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated by Syk in response to cross-linking of FcγRI. Depletion of 3BP2 caused significant reduction in the Fc receptor γ chain (FcRγ)-mediated phagocytosis in addition to the FcγRI-mediated induction of chemokine mRNA for IL-8, CCL3L3 and CCL4L2. Syk-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of 3BP2 was required for overcoming these defects. Finally, we found that the PH and SH2 domains play important roles on FcγRI-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of 3BP2 in HL-60 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Syk-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of 3BP2 is required for optimal FcRγ-mediated phagocytosis and chemokine expression.
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BDNF Contributes to Spinal Long-Term Potentiation and Mechanical Hypersensitivity Via Fyn-Mediated Phosphorylation of NMDA Receptor GluN2B Subunit at Tyrosine 1472 in Rats Following Spinal Nerve Ligation. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2712-2729. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yamauchi S, Takeuchi K, Chihara K, Sun X, Honjoh C, Yoshiki H, Hotta H, Sada K. Hepatitis C Virus Particle Assembly Involves Phosphorylation of NS5A by the c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26203192 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.666859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is thought to regulate the replication of viral RNA and the assembly of virus particles in a serine/threonine phosphorylation-dependent manner. However, the host kinases that phosphorylate NS5A have not been fully identified. Here, we show that HCV particle assembly involves the phosphorylation of NS5A by the c-Abl tyrosine kinase. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of c-Abl reduces the production of infectious HCV (J6/JFH1) particles in Huh-7.5 cells without markedly affecting viral RNA translation and replication. NS5A is tyrosine-phosphorylated in HCV-infected cells, and this phosphorylation is also reduced by the knockdown of c-Abl. Mutational analysis reveals that NS5A tyrosine phosphorylation is dependent, at least in part, on Tyr(330) (Tyr(2306) in polyprotein numbering). Mutation of this residue to phenylalanine reduces the production of infectious HCV particles but does not affect the replication of the JFH1 subgenomic replicon. These findings suggest that c-Abl promotes HCV particle assembly by phosphorylating NS5A at Tyr(330).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamauchi
- From the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan and
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- From the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan and
| | - Kazuyasu Chihara
- From the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan and
| | - Xuedong Sun
- From the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences
| | - Chisato Honjoh
- From the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Hatsumi Yoshiki
- From the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences
| | - Hak Hotta
- the Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- From the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan and
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Amberkar SS, Kaderali L. An integrative approach for a network based meta-analysis of viral RNAi screens. Algorithms Mol Biol 2015; 10:6. [PMID: 25691914 PMCID: PMC4331137 DOI: 10.1186/s13015-015-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Big data is becoming ubiquitous in biology, and poses significant challenges in data analysis and interpretation. RNAi screening has become a workhorse of functional genomics, and has been applied, for example, to identify host factors involved in infection for a panel of different viruses. However, the analysis of data resulting from such screens is difficult, with often low overlap between hit lists, even when comparing screens targeting the same virus. This makes it a major challenge to select interesting candidates for further detailed, mechanistic experimental characterization. RESULTS To address this problem we propose an integrative bioinformatics pipeline that allows for a network based meta-analysis of viral high-throughput RNAi screens. Initially, we collate a human protein interaction network from various public repositories, which is then subjected to unsupervised clustering to determine functional modules. Modules that are significantly enriched with host dependency factors (HDFs) and/or host restriction factors (HRFs) are then filtered based on network topology and semantic similarity measures. Modules passing all these criteria are finally interpreted for their biological significance using enrichment analysis, and interesting candidate genes can be selected from the modules. CONCLUSIONS We apply our approach to seven screens targeting three different viruses, and compare results with other published meta-analyses of viral RNAi screens. We recover key hit genes, and identify additional candidates from the screens. While we demonstrate the application of the approach using viral RNAi data, the method is generally applicable to identify underlying mechanisms from hit lists derived from high-throughput experimental data, and to select a small number of most promising genes for further mechanistic studies.
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Pagano MA, Tibaldi E, Palù G, Brunati AM. Viral proteins and Src family kinases: Mechanisms of pathogenicity from a “liaison dangereuse”. World J Virol 2013; 2:71-78. [PMID: 24175231 PMCID: PMC3785045 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v2.i2.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To complete their life cycle and spread, viruses interfere with and gain control of diverse cellular processes, this most often occurring through interaction between viral proteins (VPs) and resident protein partners. Among the latter, Src family kinases (SFKs), a class of non-receptor tyrosine kinases that contributes to the conversion of extracellular signals into intracellular signaling cascades and is involved in virtually all cellular processes, have recently emerged as critical mediators between the cell’s infrastructure and the viral demands. In this scenario, structural or ex novo synthesized VPs are able to bind to the different domains of these enzymes through specific short linear motifs present along their sequences. Proline-rich motifs displaying the conserved minimal consensus PxxP and recognizing the SFK Src homology (SH)3 domain constitute a cardinal signature for the formation of multiprotein complexes and this interaction may promote phosphorylation of VPs by SFKs, thus creating phosphotyrosine motifs that become a docking site for the SH2 domains of SFKs or other SH2 domain-bearing signaling molecules. Importantly, the formation of these assemblies also results in a change in the activity and/or location of SFKs, and these events are critical in perturbing key signaling pathways so that viruses can utilize the cell’s machinery to their own benefit. In the light of these observations, although VPs as such, especially those with enzyme activity, are still regarded as valuable targets for therapeutic strategies, multiprotein complexes composed of viral and host cell proteins are increasingly becoming objects of investigation with a view to deeply characterize the structural aspects that favor their formation and to develop new compounds able to contrast viral diseases in an alternative manner.
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