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Abstract
Urbanization, pollution and the modification of natural landscapes are characteristics of modern society, where the change in human relations with the environment and the impact on biodiversity are environmental determinants that affect the health-disease relationship. The skin is an organ that has a strong interface with the environment and, therefore, the prevalence patterns of dermatoses may reflect these environmental changes. In this article, aspects related to deforestation, fires, urbanization, large-scale agriculture, extensive livestock farming, pollution and climatic changes are discussed regarding their influence on the epidemiology of skin diseases. It is important that dermatologists be aware of their social responsibility in order to promote sustainable practices in their community, in addition to identifying the impacts of environmental imbalances on different dermatoses, which is essential for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Wu Z, Liu Q, Wang L, Zheng M, Guan M, Zhang M, Zhao W, Wang C, Lu S, Cheng J, Leng S. The essential role of CYP2E1 in metabolism and hepatotoxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide using a novel Cyp2e1 knockout mouse model and a population study. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3169-3181. [PMID: 31501917 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a widespread contaminant of leather factories and their surrounding environment. There is a lack of direct in vivo evidence supporting CYP2E1 as a primary enzyme responsible for DMF metabolism and hepatotoxicity. In this study, a novel Cyp2e1 knockout (KO) mouse model was generated and used to assess whether DMF metabolism and hepatotoxicity is CYP2E1 dependent using an acute toxicity protocol with a single dose of 1500 mg DMF/kg. An epidemiological study in 698 DMF-exposed workers and 188 non-DMF-exposed controls was conducted to investigate the associations between functional polymorphisms of CYP2E1 (rs6413432/rs2031920) and DMF metabolite (N-methylcarbmoylated-hemoglobin [NMHb]). We successfully established Cyp2e1 KO mice with evidence from DNA sequence analysis, which showed 1-bp insertion at 65 bp (C) site of Cyp2e1 Exon 1. In addition, western blot and in vivo pharmacokinetic study also showed a complete absence of CYP2E1 protein and a 92% and 88% reduction in CYP2E1 activity among males and females, respectively. DMF metabolism as evidenced by increased blood NMHb, and hepatotoxicity as evidenced by elevated liver/body weight ratio, activity of liver enzymes and massive liver necrosis were detected in wild-type (WT) mice but were completely abrogated in KO mice, strongly supporting a CYP2E1-dependent pattern of DMF metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Moreover, variant allele of CYP2E1-rs6413432 was also significantly associated with higher NMHb levels in DMF-exposed workers (P = 0.045). The increase of glucose-regulated protein 94 detected in WT mice but not in KO mice suggested CYP2E1-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress may be a key mechanism underlying DMF-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Min Zheng
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingyue Guan
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Man Zhang
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenjin Zhao
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunmin Wang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Songwen Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266021, China.
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Gogtay NJ, Kapileshwar SR, Shah SU, Bendkhale SR, Ramakrishna S, Sridharan K, Thelma BK, Thatte UM, Kshirsagar NA. Evaluation of cytochrome P4502E1 polymorphisms in healthy adult Western Indians and patients with antituberculous drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:42-6. [PMID: 26997721 PMCID: PMC4778206 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.174519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in the metabolism of isoniazid and the mediation of its hepatotoxicity. It exhibits genetic polymorphism in humans. This study evaluated the polymorphism of CYP2E1 in adult healthy Western Indians and patients on antituberculous drugs by phenotyping and genotyping. Methods: A 500 mg single dose of chlorzoxazone (CZX) was administered to 136 healthy adult Western Indian participants. Venous blood samples 2 h postdose were analyzed for the levels of CZX and 6-hydroxy CZX, and the metabolic ratio (MR) was calculated to determine the extent of rapid and poor metabolizers using probit plot analysis. Patients on antituberculous drugs who had raised the liver enzymes or clinical symptoms of hepatotoxicity were also recruited. Genotyping for CYP2E1 * 5B allele was performed by polymerase chain reaction – rapid fragment length polymorphism technique. Results: A total of 139 healthy participants were enrolled, of which the final analysis consisted of data from 136 participants for genotyping and 137 for phenotyping. Only 1 participant had reported mild drowsiness 2 h postdose, and no other adverse events were observed. The median (range) MR of population was 0.2 (0.1–4.0), and no polymorphisms were detected using phenotype data. A total of 134/136 (98.5%) had c1/c1 genotype and 1/136 each (0.75%) had c1/c2 and c2/c2 genotypes, respectively. Of the 2/136 participants harboring c2 allele, one had MR of 0.1 (c1/c2) and another had 0.5 (c2/c2). A total of 25 cases of antituberculous drug-induced hepatotoxicity and 50 control patients were recruited, of which finally 22 cases and 49 controls were available for evaluation. All the cases had c1/c1 genotype while 42/49 (85.7%) controls had c1/c1, 6/49 (12.2%) had c1/c2, and 1/49 (2.1%) had c2/c2 genotype and the crude odds ratio was 7.9 (0.4, 145.6). Conclusions: A background prevalence of CYP2E1*B polymorphism and their activity in Western Indian population was observed. The study suggests no association between the CYP2E1 genotyping with antituberculous drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya J Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapnali R Kapileshwar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanket U Shah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shital R Bendkhale
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kannan Sridharan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - B K Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Urmila M Thatte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilima A Kshirsagar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ESI PGIMSR MGM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Pinto P, Salgado C, Santos NPC, Santos S, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â. Influence of Genetic Ancestry on INDEL Markers of NFKβ1, CASP8, PAR1, IL4 and CYP19A1 Genes in Leprosy Patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004050. [PMID: 26367014 PMCID: PMC4569399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy is an insidious infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria Mycobacterium leprae, and host genetic factors can modulate the immune response and generate distinct categories of leprosy susceptibility that are also influenced by genetic ancestry. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the possible effects of CYP19A1 [rs11575899], NFKβ1 [rs28362491], IL1α [rs3783553], CASP8 [rs3834129], UGT1A1 [rs8175347], PAR1 [rs11267092], CYP2E1 [INDEL 96pb] and IL4 [rs79071878] genes in a group of 141 leprosy patients and 180 healthy individuals. The INDELs were typed by PCR Multiplex in ABI PRISM 3130 and analyzed with GeneMapper ID v3.2. The NFKβ1, CASP8, PAR1 and IL4 INDELs were associated with leprosy susceptibility, while NFKβ1, CASP8, PAR1 and CYP19A1 were associated with the MB (Multibacilary) clinical form of leprosy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE NFKβ1 [rs28362491], CASP8 [rs3834129], PAR1 [rs11267092] and IL4 [rs79071878] genes are potential markers for susceptibility to leprosy development, while the INDELs in NFKβ1, CASP8, PAR1 and CYP19A1 (rs11575899) are potential markers for the severe clinical form MB. Moreover, all of these markers are influenced by genetic ancestry, and European contribution increases the risk to leprosy development, in other hand an increase in African contribution generates protection against leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pinto
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia - NPO, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Claudio Salgado
- Laboratório de Dermatoimunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia - NPO, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia - NPO, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
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Rodrigues de Moura R, Coelho AVC, de Queiroz Balbino V, Crovella S, Brandão LAC. Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:674-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Rodrigues de Moura
- Department of Genetics; Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE); Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopatology Keizo Asami (LIKA/UFPE); Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Antonio Victor Campos Coelho
- Department of Genetics; Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE); Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopatology Keizo Asami (LIKA/UFPE); Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Genetics; Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE); Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopatology Keizo Asami (LIKA/UFPE); Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Lucas André Cavalcanti Brandão
- Laboratory of Immunopatology Keizo Asami (LIKA/UFPE); Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Department of Pathology; Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE); Recife Pernambuco Brazil
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