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Huang Z, Cao L. Quantitative phase imaging based on holography: trends and new perspectives. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:145. [PMID: 38937443 PMCID: PMC11211409 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In 1948, Dennis Gabor proposed the concept of holography, providing a pioneering solution to a quantitative description of the optical wavefront. After 75 years of development, holographic imaging has become a powerful tool for optical wavefront measurement and quantitative phase imaging. The emergence of this technology has given fresh energy to physics, biology, and materials science. Digital holography (DH) possesses the quantitative advantages of wide-field, non-contact, precise, and dynamic measurement capability for complex-waves. DH has unique capabilities for the propagation of optical fields by measuring light scattering with phase information. It offers quantitative visualization of the refractive index and thickness distribution of weak absorption samples, which plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of various diseases and the characterization of various materials. It provides a possibility to bridge the gap between the imaging and scattering disciplines. The propagation of wavefront is described by the complex amplitude. The complex-value in the complex-domain is reconstructed from the intensity-value measurement by camera in the real-domain. Here, we regard the process of holographic recording and reconstruction as a transformation between complex-domain and real-domain, and discuss the mathematics and physical principles of reconstruction. We review the DH in underlying principles, technical approaches, and the breadth of applications. We conclude with emerging challenges and opportunities based on combining holographic imaging with other methodologies that expand the scope and utility of holographic imaging even further. The multidisciplinary nature brings technology and application experts together in label-free cell biology, analytical chemistry, clinical sciences, wavefront sensing, and semiconductor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Huang
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liangcai Cao
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Butt SS, Fida I, Fatima M, Khan MS, Mustafa S, Khan MN, Ahmad I. Quantitative phase imaging for characterization of single cell growth dynamics. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:241. [PMID: 37851109 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has emerged as an indispensable tool in the field of biomedicine, offering the ability to obtain quantitative maps of phase changes due to optical path length delays without the need for contrast agents. These maps provide valuable information about cellular morphology and dynamics, unperturbed by the introduction of exogenous substances. In this review, a summary of recent studies that have focused on elucidating the growth dynamics of individual cells using QPI is presented. Specifically, investigations into cellular changes occurring during mitosis, the differentiation of cellular organelles, the assessment of distinct cell death processes (i.e., apoptosis, necrosis, and oncosis) and the precise measurement of live cell temperature are explored. Furthermore, the captivating applications of QPI in theragnostics, where its potential for transformative impact is prominently showcased, are highlighted. Finally, the challenges that need to be overcome for its wider adoption and successful integration into biomedical research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irum Fida
- The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Muskan Saif Khan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sonia Mustafa
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Nguyen TL, Pradeep S, Judson-Torres RL, Reed J, Teitell MA, Zangle TA. Quantitative Phase Imaging: Recent Advances and Expanding Potential in Biomedicine. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11516-11544. [PMID: 35916417 PMCID: PMC10112851 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label-free, wide-field microscopy approach with significant opportunities for biomedical applications. QPI uses the natural phase shift of light as it passes through a transparent object, such as a mammalian cell, to quantify biomass distribution and spatial and temporal changes in biomass. Reported in cell studies more than 60 years ago, ongoing advances in QPI hardware and software are leading to numerous applications in biology, with a dramatic expansion in utility over the past two decades. Today, investigations of cell size, morphology, behavior, cellular viscoelasticity, drug efficacy, biomass accumulation and turnover, and transport mechanics are supporting studies of development, physiology, neural activity, cancer, and additional physiological processes and diseases. Here, we review the field of QPI in biology starting with underlying principles, followed by a discussion of technical approaches currently available or being developed, and end with an examination of the breadth of applications in use or under development. We comment on strengths and shortcomings for the deployment of QPI in key biomedical contexts and conclude with emerging challenges and opportunities based on combining QPI with other methodologies that expand the scope and utility of QPI even further.
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Zhao Y, Gu L, Sun H, Sha X, Li WJ. Physical Cytometry: Detecting Mass-Related Properties of Single Cells. ACS Sens 2022; 7:21-36. [PMID: 34978200 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of a single cell, such as mass, volume, and density, are important indications of the cell's metabolic characteristics and homeostasis. Precise measurement of a single cell's mass has long been a challenge due to its minute size. It is only in the past 10 years that a variety of instruments for measuring living cellular mass have emerged with the development of MEMS, microfluidics, and optics technologies. In this review, we discuss the current developments of physical cytometry for quantifying mass-related physical properties of single cells, highlighting the working principle, applications, and unique merits. The review mainly covers these measurement methods: single-cell mass cytometry, levitation image cytometry, suspended microchannel resonator, phase-shifting interferometry, and opto-electrokinetics cell manipulation. Comparisons are made between these methods in terms of throughput, content, invasiveness, compatibility, and precision. Some typical applications of these methods in pathological diagnosis, drug efficacy evaluation, disease treatment, and other related fields are also discussed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Lijia Gu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Sha
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China
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Ledwig P, Robles FE. Quantitative 3D refractive index tomography of opaque samples in epi-mode. OPTICA 2021; 8:6-14. [PMID: 34368406 PMCID: PMC8341081 DOI: 10.1364/optica.410135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) tomography has recently become an exciting new tool for biological studies. However, its limitation to (1) thin samples resulting from a need of transmissive illumination and (2) small fields of view (typically ~50 μm × 50 μm) has hindered its utility in broader biomedical applications. In this work, we demonstrate 3D RI tomography with a large field of view in opaque, arbitrarily thick scattering samples (unsuitable for imaging with conventional transmissive tomographic techniques) with a penetration depth of ca. one mean free scattering path length (~100 μm in tissue) using a simple, low-cost microscope system with epi-illumination. This approach leverages a solution to the inverse scattering problem via the general non-paraxial 3D optical transfer function of our quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM) optical system. A theoretical analysis is presented along with simulations and experimental validations using polystyrene beads, and rat and human thick brain tissues. This work has significant implications for the investigation of optically thick, semi-infinite samples in a non-invasive and label-free manner. This unique 3D qOBM approach can extend the utility of 3D RI tomography for translational and clinical medicine.
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Llinares J, Cantereau A, Froux L, Becq F. Quantitative phase imaging to study transmembrane water fluxes regulated by CFTR and AQP3 in living human airway epithelial CFBE cells and CHO cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233439. [PMID: 32469934 PMCID: PMC7259668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cells, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-regulated Cl- channel, plays a key role in water and electrolytes secretion. A dysfunctional CFTR leads to the dehydration of the external environment of the cells and to the production of viscous mucus in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we applied the quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QWLSI), a quantitative phase imaging technique based on the measurement of the light wave shift when passing through a living sample, to study water transport regulation in human airway epithelial CFBE and CHO cells expressing wild-type, G551D- and F508del-CFTR. We were able to detect phase variations during osmotic challenges and confirmed that cellular volume changes reflecting water fluxes can be detected with QWLSI. Forskolin stimulation activated a phase increase in all CFBE and CHO cell types. This phase variation was due to cellular volume decrease and intracellular refractive index increase and was completely blocked by mercury, suggesting an activation of a cAMP-dependent water efflux mediated by an endogenous aquaporin (AQP). AQP3 mRNAs, not AQP1, AQP4 and AQP5 mRNAs, were detected by RT-PCR in CFBE cells. Readdressing the F508del-CFTR protein to the cell surface with VX-809 increased the detected water efflux in CHO but not in CFBE cells. However, VX-770, a potentiator of CFTR function, failed to further increase the water flux in either G551D-CFTR or VX-809-corrected F508del-CFTR expressing cells. Our results show that QWLSI could be a suitable technique to study water transport in living cells. We identified a CFTR and cAMP-dependent, mercury-sensitive water transport in airway epithelial and CHO cells that might be due to AQP3. This water transport appears to be affected when CFTR is mutated and independent of the chloride channel function of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Llinares
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Cantereau
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Lionel Froux
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
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Rappaz B, Jourdain P, Banfi D, Kuttler F, Marquet P, Turcatti G. Image-Based Marker-Free Screening of GABA A Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:458-470. [PMID: 31779505 PMCID: PMC7243081 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219887142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ionotropic GABAA receptors represent the main target for different groups of widely used drugs having hypnotic and anxiolytic effects. So far, most approaches used to assess GABA activity involve invasive low -throughput electrophysiological techniques or rely on fluorescent dyes, preventing the ability to conduct noninvasive and thus nonperturbing screens. To address this limitation, we have developed an automated marker-free cell imaging method, based on digital holographic microscopy (DHM). This technology allows the automatically screening of compounds in multiple plates without having to label the cells or use special plates. This methodological approach was first validated by screening the GABAA receptor expressed in HEK cells using a selection of active compounds in agonist, antagonist, and modulator modes. Then, in a second blind screen of a library of 3041 compounds (mostly composed of natural products), 5 compounds having a specific agonist action on the GABAA receptor were identified. The hits validated from this unbiased screen were the natural products muscimol, neurosteroid alphaxalone, and three compounds belonging to the avermectin family, all known for having an agonistic effect on the GABAA receptor. The results obtained were exempt from false negatives (structurally similar unassigned hits), and false-positive hits were detected and discarded without the need for performing electrophysiological measurements. The outcome of the screen demonstrates the applicability of our screening by imaging method for the discovery of new chemical structures, particularly regarding chemicals interacting with the ionotropic GABAA receptor and more generally with any ligand-gated ion channels and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rappaz
- Biomolecular Screening Facility (BSF), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Jourdain
- Joint International Research Unit in Child Psychiatry, Département de Psychiatrie CHUV, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.,Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Damiano Banfi
- Biomolecular Screening Facility (BSF), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Kuttler
- Biomolecular Screening Facility (BSF), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Marquet
- Joint International Research Unit in Child Psychiatry, Département de Psychiatrie CHUV, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.,Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility (BSF), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Dervisevic E, Tuck KL, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ. Recent Progress in Lab-On-a-Chip Systems for the Monitoring of Metabolites for Mammalian and Microbial Cell Research. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5027. [PMID: 31752167 PMCID: PMC6891382 DOI: 10.3390/s19225027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip sensing technologies have changed how cell biology research is conducted. This review summarises the progress in the lab-on-a-chip devices implemented for the detection of cellular metabolites. The review is divided into two subsections according to the methods used for the metabolite detection. Each section includes a table which summarises the relevant literature and also elaborates the advantages of, and the challenges faced with that particular method. The review continues with a section discussing the achievements attained due to using lab-on-a-chip devices within the specific context. Finally, a concluding section summarises what is to be resolved and discusses the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility-Victorian Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J. Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility-Victorian Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Eldridge WJ, Ceballos S, Shah T, Park HS, Steelman ZA, Zauscher S, Wax A. Shear Modulus Measurement by Quantitative Phase Imaging and Correlation with Atomic Force Microscopy. Biophys J 2019; 117:696-705. [PMID: 31349989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been developed to characterize cell elasticity. Among these, atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with modeling has been widely used to characterize cellular compliance. However, such approaches are often limited by the difficulties associated with using a specific instrument and by the complexity of analyzing the measured data. More recently, quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has been applied to characterize cellular stiffness by using an effective spring constant. This metric was further correlated to mass distribution (disorder strength) within the cell. However, these measurements are difficult to compare to AFM-derived measurements of Young's modulus. Here, we describe, to our knowledge, a new way of analyzing QPI data to directly retrieve the shear modulus. Our approach enables label-free measurement of cellular mechanical properties that can be directly compared to values obtained from other rheological methods. To demonstrate the technique, we measured shear modulus and phase disorder strength using QPI, as well as Young's modulus using AFM, across two breast cancer cell-line populations dosed with three different concentrations of cytochalasin D, an actin-depolymerizing toxin. Comparison of QPI-derived and AFM moduli shows good agreement between the two measures and further agrees with theory. Our results suggest that QPI is a powerful tool for cellular biophysics because it allows for optical quantitative measurements of cell mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will J Eldridge
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Silvia Ceballos
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tejank Shah
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Han Sang Park
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zachary A Steelman
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adam Wax
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
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Lévesque SA, Mugnes JM, Bélanger E, Marquet P. Sample and substrate preparation for exploring living neurons in culture with quantitative-phase imaging. Methods 2018; 136:90-107. [PMID: 29438830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative-phase imaging (QPI) has recently emerged as a powerful new quantitative microscopy technique suitable for the noninvasive exploration of the structure and dynamics of transparent specimens, including living cells in culture. Indeed, the quantitative-phase signal (QPS), induced by transparent living cells, can be detected with a nanometric axial sensitivity, and contains a wealth of information about both cell morphology and content. However, QPS is also sensitive to various sources of experimental noise. In this chapter, we emphasize how to properly and specifically measure the cell-mediated QPS in a wet-lab environment, when measuring with a digital holographic microscope (DHM). First, we present the substrate-requisite characteristics for properly achieving such cell-mediated QPS measurements at single-cell level. Then, we describe how quantitative-phase digital holographic microscopy (QP-DHM) can be used to numerically process holograms and subsequently reshape wavefronts in association with post-processing algorithms, thereby allowing for highly stable QPS obtainable over extended periods of time. Such stable QPS is a prerequisite for exploring the dynamics of specific cellular processes. We also describe experimental procedures that make it possible to extract important biophysical cellular parameters from QPS including absolute cell volume, transmembrane water permeability, and the movements of water in and out of the cell. To illustrate how QP-DHM can reveal the dynamics of specific cellular processes, we show how the monitoring of transmembrane water movements can be used to resolve the neuronal network dynamics at single-cell level. This is possible because QPS can measure the activity of electroneutral cotransports, including NKCC1 and KCC2, during a neuronal firing mediated by glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Finally, we added a supplemental section, with more technical details, for readers who are interested in troubleshooting live-cell QP-DHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien A Lévesque
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Université Laval, 2601 chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Mugnes
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Université Laval, 2601 chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Erik Bélanger
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Université Laval, 2601 chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Marquet
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Université Laval, 2601 chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Calin VL, Mihailescu M, Scarlat EI, Baluta AV, Calin D, Kovacs E, Savopol T, Moisescu MG. Evaluation of the metastatic potential of malignant cells by image processing of digital holographic microscopy data. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1527-1538. [PMID: 28979841 PMCID: PMC5623698 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell refractive index has been proposed as a putative cancer biomarker of great potential, being correlated with cell content and morphology, cell division rate and membrane permeability. We used digital holographic microscopy to compare the refractive index and dry mass density of two B16 murine melanoma sublines of different metastatic potential. Using statistical methods, the distribution of phase shifts within the reconstructed quantitative phase images was analyzed by the method of bimodality coefficients. The observed correlation of refractive index, dry mass density and bimodality profile with the metastatic potential of the cells was validated by real time impedance-based assay and clonogenic tests. We suggest that the refractive index and bimodality analysis of quantitative phase image histograms could be developed as optical biomarkers useful in label-free detection and quantitative evaluation of cell metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta L. Calin
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Mona Mihailescu
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesPolitehnica University of BucharestRomania
| | - Eugen I. Scarlat
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesPolitehnica University of BucharestRomania
| | - Alexandra V. Baluta
- Applied Electronics and Informatics Engineering DepartmentFaculty of ElectronicsTelecommunications and Information TechnologyPolitehnica University of BucharestRomania
| | - Daniel Calin
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Eugenia Kovacs
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Tudor Savopol
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Mihaela G. Moisescu
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
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Eldridge WJ, Steelman ZA, Loomis B, Wax A. Optical Phase Measurements of Disorder Strength Link Microstructure to Cell Stiffness. Biophys J 2017; 112:692-702. [PMID: 28256229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been sustained efforts on the part of cell biologists to understand the mechanisms by which cells respond to mechanical stimuli. To this end, many rheological tools have been developed to characterize cellular stiffness. However, measurement of cellular viscoelastic properties has been limited in scope by the nature of most microrheological methods, which require direct mechanical contact, applied at the single-cell level. In this article, we describe, to our knowledge, a new analysis approach for quantitative phase imaging that relates refractive index variance to disorder strength, a parameter that is linked to cell stiffness. Significantly, both disorder strength and cell stiffness are measured with the same phase imaging system, presenting a unique alternative for label-free, noncontact, single-shot imaging of cellular rheologic properties. To demonstrate the potential applicability of the technique, we measure phase disorder strength and shear stiffness across five cellular populations with varying mechanical properties and demonstrate an inverse relationship between these two parameters. The existence of this relationship suggests that predictions of cell mechanical properties can be obtained from examining the disorder strength of cell structure using this, to our knowledge, novel, noncontact technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will J Eldridge
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zachary A Steelman
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brianna Loomis
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adam Wax
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina.
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Lee YJ, Cintora P, Arikkath J, Akinsola O, Kandel M, Popescu G, Best-Popescu C. Quantitative assessment of neural outgrowth using spatial light interference microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:66015. [PMID: 28655053 PMCID: PMC5482290 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.066015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Optimal growth as well as branching of axons and dendrites is critical for the nervous system function. Neuritic length, arborization, and growth rate determine the innervation properties of neurons and define each cell’s computational capability. Thus, to investigate the nervous system function, we need to develop methods and instrumentation techniques capable of quantifying various aspects of neural network formation: neuron process extension, retraction, stability, and branching. During the last three decades, fluorescence microscopy has yielded enormous advances in our understanding of neurobiology. While fluorescent markers provide valuable specificity to imaging, photobleaching, and photoxicity often limit the duration of the investigation. Here, we used spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) to measure quantitatively neurite outgrowth as a function of cell confluence. Because it is label-free and nondestructive, SLIM allows for long-term investigation over many hours. We found that neurons exhibit a higher growth rate of neurite length in low-confluence versus medium- and high-confluence conditions. We believe this methodology will aid investigators in performing unbiased, nondestructive analysis of morphometric neuronal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Lee
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Cellular Neuroscience and Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Pati Cintora
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Cellular Neuroscience and Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Jyothi Arikkath
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Munroe-Meyer Institute, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Olaoluwa Akinsola
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Mikhail Kandel
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Catherine Best-Popescu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Cellular Neuroscience and Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Calin VL, Mihailescu M, Mihale N, Baluta AV, Kovacs E, Savopol T, Moisescu MG. Changes in optical properties of electroporated cells as revealed by digital holographic microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2222-2234. [PMID: 28736667 PMCID: PMC5516823 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in optical and shape-related characteristics of B16F10 cells after electroporation were investigated using digital holographic microscopy (DHM). Bipolar rectangular pulses specific for electrochemotherapy were used. Electroporation was performed in an "off-axis" DHM set-up without using exogenous markers. Two types of cell parameters were monitored seconds and minutes after pulse train application: parameters addressing a specifically defined area of the cell (refractive index and cell height) and global cell parameters (projected area, optical phase shift profile and dry mass). The biphasic behavior of cellular parameters was explained by water and mannitol dynamics through the electropermeabilized cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta L. Calin
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest 050474, Romania
| | - Mona Mihailescu
- Physics Dept., Faculty of Applied Sciences, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060042, Romania
| | - Nicolae Mihale
- Physics Dept., Faculty of Applied Sciences, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060042, Romania
| | - Alexandra V. Baluta
- Applied Electronics and Informatics Engineering Dept., Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060042, Romania
| | - Eugenia Kovacs
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest 050474, Romania
| | - Tudor Savopol
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest 050474, Romania
| | - Mihaela G. Moisescu
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest 050474, Romania
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15
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Eldridge WJ, Sheinfeld A, Rinehart MT, Wax A. Imaging deformation of adherent cells due to shear stress using quantitative phase imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:352-5. [PMID: 26766712 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a platform for detecting cellular deformations from mechanical stimuli, such as fluid shear stress, using rapid quantitative phase imaging. Rapid quantitative phase imaging was used to analyze changes in the optical path length of adherent skin cancer cells during mechanical displacement. Both the whole-cell phase displacement and the resultant shift of the cellular center of mass were calculated over the duration of the stimulus. Whole-cell phase displacement images were found to match expectation. Furthermore, center-of-mass shifts of adherent cells were found to resemble that of a one-dimensional Kelvin-Voigt (KV) viscoelastic solid. Cellular steady-state displacements from step fluid shear stimuli were found to be linearly related to the shear stress. Shear stiffness constants for cells exposed to a cytoskeletal disrupting toxin were found to be significantly lower than unexposed cells. This novel technique allows for elastographic analysis of whole-cell effective shear stiffness without the use of an exogenous force applicator, a specialized culture substrate, or tracking net perimeter movement of the cell.
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16
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Zangle TA, Teitell MA. Live-cell mass profiling: an emerging approach in quantitative biophysics. Nat Methods 2014; 11:1221-8. [PMID: 25423019 PMCID: PMC4319180 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell mass, volume and growth rate are tightly controlled biophysical parameters in cellular development and homeostasis, and pathological cell growth defines cancer in metazoans. The first measurements of cell mass were made in the 1950s, but only recently have advances in computer science and microfabrication spurred the rapid development of precision mass-quantifying approaches. Here we discuss available techniques for quantifying the mass of single live cells with an emphasis on relative features, capabilities and drawbacks for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Zangle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3] California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. [4] Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. [5] Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. [6] Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Marquet P, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ. Review of quantitative phase-digital holographic microscopy: promising novel imaging technique to resolve neuronal network activity and identify cellular biomarkers of psychiatric disorders. NEUROPHOTONICS 2014; 1:020901. [PMID: 26157976 PMCID: PMC4478935 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.1.2.020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) has recently emerged as a new powerful quantitative imaging technique well suited to noninvasively explore a transparent specimen with a nanometric axial sensitivity. In this review, we expose the recent developments of quantitative phase-digital holographic microscopy (QP-DHM). Quantitative phase-digital holographic microscopy (QP-DHM) represents an important and efficient quantitative phase method to explore cell structure and dynamics. In a second part, the most relevant QPM applications in the field of cell biology are summarized. A particular emphasis is placed on the original biological information, which can be derived from the quantitative phase signal. In a third part, recent applications obtained, with QP-DHM in the field of cellular neuroscience, namely the possibility to optically resolve neuronal network activity and spine dynamics, are presented. Furthermore, potential applications of QPM related to psychiatry through the identification of new and original cell biomarkers that, when combined with a range of other biomarkers, could significantly contribute to the determination of high risk developmental trajectories for psychiatric disorders, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Marquet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, Prilly/Lausanne CH-1008, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Christian Depeursinge
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, Prilly/Lausanne CH-1008, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Jourdain P, Becq F, Lengacher S, Boinot C, Magistretti PJ, Marquet P. The human CFTR protein expressed in CHO cells activates aquaporin-3 in a cAMP-dependent pathway: study by digital holographic microscopy. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:546-56. [PMID: 24338365 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane water movements during cellular processes and their relationship to ionic channel activity remain largely unknown. As an example, in epithelial cells it was proposed that the movement of water could be directly linked to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein activity through a cAMP-stimulated aqueous pore, or be dependent on aquaporin. Here, we used digital holographic microscopy (DHM) an interferometric technique to quantify in situ the transmembrane water fluxes during the activity of the epithelial chloride channel, CFTR, measured by patch-clamp and iodide efflux techniques. We showed that the water transport measured by DHM is fully inhibited by the selective CFTR blocker CFTRinh172 and is absent in cells lacking CFTR. Of note, in cells expressing the mutated version of CFTR (F508del-CFTR), which mimics the most common genetic alteration encountered in cystic fibrosis, we also show that the water movement is profoundly altered but restored by pharmacological manipulation of F508del-CFTR-defective trafficking. Importantly, whereas activation of this endogenous water channel required a cAMP-dependent stimulation of CFTR, activation of CFTR or F508del-CFTR by two cAMP-independent CFTR activators, genistein and MPB91, failed to trigger water movements. Finally, using a specific small-interfering RNA against the endogenous aquaporin AQP3, the water transport accompanying CFTR activity decreased. We conclude that water fluxes accompanying CFTR activity are linked to AQP3 but not to a cAMP-stimulated aqueous pore in the CFTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jourdain
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Marquet P, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ. Exploring neural cell dynamics with digital holographic microscopy. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 15:407-31. [PMID: 23662777 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071812-152356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize how the new concept of digital optics applied to the field of holographic microscopy has allowed the development of a reliable and flexible digital holographic quantitative phase microscopy (DH-QPM) technique at the nanoscale particularly suitable for cell imaging. Particular emphasis is placed on the original biological information provided by the quantitative phase signal. We present the most relevant DH-QPM applications in the field of cell biology, including automated cell counts, recognition, classification, three-dimensional tracking, discrimination between physiological and pathophysiological states, and the study of cell membrane fluctuations at the nanoscale. In the last part, original results show how DH-QPM can address two important issues in the field of neurobiology, namely, multiple-site optical recording of neuronal activity and noninvasive visualization of dendritic spine dynamics resulting from a full digital holographic microscopy tomographic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marquet
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
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